EP2439397A2 - Fuel injector - Google Patents
Fuel injector Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2439397A2 EP2439397A2 EP11180692A EP11180692A EP2439397A2 EP 2439397 A2 EP2439397 A2 EP 2439397A2 EP 11180692 A EP11180692 A EP 11180692A EP 11180692 A EP11180692 A EP 11180692A EP 2439397 A2 EP2439397 A2 EP 2439397A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- nozzle needle
- guide
- nozzle
- fuel injector
- nozzle body
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001447 compensatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
- F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
- F02M47/027—Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
- F02M61/10—Other injectors with elongated valve bodies, i.e. of needle-valve type
- F02M61/12—Other injectors with elongated valve bodies, i.e. of needle-valve type characterised by the provision of guiding or centring means for valve bodies
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
- F02M61/166—Selection of particular materials
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
- F02M2200/16—Sealing of fuel injection apparatus not otherwise provided for
Definitions
- the invention relates to a fuel injector for a fuel injection system, in particular a common rail injection system, for injecting fuel into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
- Today's fuel injectors generally have a control or coupler space as a functional space for controlling a nozzle needle. About such a function space, the required pressure difference is set to open and close the nozzle needle. Over a guide gap between the nozzle needle and the nozzle body, however, the functional space is regularly applied with a leakage amount, which influences the pressure level in the functional space in a negative way. Because the pressure level determines the opening and closing behavior of the nozzle needle and thus the nozzle needle stroke and the injection quantity.
- leakage occurs via a guide gap between the nozzle needle and the nozzle body even with fuel injectors without a pressure-controlled functional space.
- the amount of leakage is usually fed to a non-pressurized return. Since the recirculated amount must be promoted back to high pressure, inevitably increases the capacity of an upstream pump. As a result, the efficiency of the overall system deteriorates.
- the publication DE 10 2005 034 879 A1 discloses a nozzle assembly for an injection valve, which has a nozzle needle with a recess in a Guide section includes.
- the recess of the nozzle needle is hydraulically coupled to the high-pressure circuit of the fluid to be injected, so that during operation of the injection valve radially outwardly directed hydraulic forces act on the guide portion of the nozzle needle. This is intended to counteract the widening of a guide gap between the guide section of the nozzle needle and the nozzle body of the injection valve with increasing injection pressure and consequently an increase in the leakage quantity.
- the concepts presented in the prior art each presuppose an increase in the injection pressure.
- an increase in pressure and an associated gap height increase are not the only decisive factors for an increase in the leakage quantity.
- the leakage amount depends on other factors. Another factor is, for example, the viscosity of the fuel, which is temperature-dependent. As the heating increases, the viscosity of the fuel decreases, increasing the amount of leakage. An increase in the amount of leakage due to a reduction in the viscosity of the fuel can not counteract the concepts known from the prior art.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a fuel injector of the type mentioned, which is able to counteract a temperature-induced increase in the amount of leakage via a guide gap between the nozzle needle and the nozzle body or a guide sleeve inserted therein.
- the proposed fuel injector comprises a nozzle needle, which is guided in a high-pressure bore of a nozzle body for releasing or closing at least one injection opening in a liftable manner. At the nozzle needle while a guide portion is formed, which limits a guide gap between the nozzle needle and the nozzle body or a guide sleeve inserted into the nozzle body radially.
- the nozzle needle to reduce leakage over the guide gap, at least in the region of the guide section made of a material whose thermal expansion coefficient ⁇ is greater than that of the material from which the nozzle body or inserted into the nozzle body guide sleeve is made, so that the guide portion in Operation of the fuel injector due to heating undergoes a guide gap reducing radial expansion.
- the nozzle needle can be made entirely or in at least one region, but at least in the region of the guide section, of a material having a greater coefficient of thermal expansion than that of the material of the nozzle body or of the guide sleeve. To allow the use of multiple materials, the nozzle needle can also be built.
- the temperature-induced radial expansion of the nozzle needle, at least in the region of the guide section, can also compensate for a temperature-related reduction in the viscosity of the fuel and a concomitant increase in the amount of leakage. Because due to the different coefficients of thermal expansion of the guide gap limiting components decreases with increasing temperature not only the viscosity of the fuel, but also the gap height of the guide gap. This is due to the fact that the nozzle needle, at least in the region of the guide section, expands at a temperature increase more than the nozzle body. The reduction of the gap height of the guide gap in turn has the result that despite the reduced Viscosity of the fuel does not increase the amount of leakage.
- the guide section is formed on a separate component, which is firmly connected to the nozzle needle.
- the resulting built execution of the nozzle needle allows the use of different materials.
- another material is selected only for the separate component which forms the guide section.
- This material has a thermal expansion coefficient ⁇ which is greater than that of the material of the nozzle body or a guide sleeve inserted therein.
- the use of different materials also allows separation of the guiding and sealing functions.
- the provided for forming the guide portion separate component advantageously takes over the function of sealing, since the material of the separate component is selected such that the component expands at a temperature rise and causes a gap height reduction. This leads to an improved sealing effect.
- a nozzle needle section which in contrast consists of a material with largely unchanged material properties. This ensures at the same time that the other functions of the nozzle needle are not affected. For example, an optimum sealing seat of the nozzle needle thus remains in the region of the at least one injection opening.
- the separate component is attached to the nozzle needle axially.
- the separate component can also be used for adjusting the stroke of the nozzle needle.
- An additional component for the stroke adjustment of the nozzle needle is accordingly unnecessary, since this function can be taken over by the component connected to the nozzle needle.
- a plurality of selection rows are provided for this purpose, which can optionally be combined with a nozzle needle as a function of the respectively required nozzle needle stroke.
- the separate component is cylindrical or comprises a cylindrical portion which is axially attachable to the nozzle needle. As a result, a stroke adjustment of the nozzle needle via the separate component can be realized.
- the separate component has a simple geometry, so that it can be produced inexpensively.
- a leakage over the guide gap between the guide portion of the nozzle needle and the nozzle body or a guide sleeve inserted into the nozzle body requires different pressure conditions on both sides of the guide gap. This condition is met by different injector concepts.
- the guide section of the nozzle needle seals the high-pressure bore with respect to a functional space.
- the functional space may be, for example, a control room or a coupler space for controlling the nozzle needle. About these functional spaces, the necessary pressure difference to open and close the nozzle needle is set.
- the guide section of the nozzle needle seals the high-pressure bore with respect to a low-pressure region, preferably a return line.
- This injector concept thus has no pressure-controlled functional space.
- a guide gap 6 is formed, which has a certain radial play for Hubbeweglichen storage of the nozzle needle 1.
- the radial play should at the same time be dimensioned in such a way that the leakage quantity exiting via the guide gap 6 does not adversely affect the pressure level in the underlying functional space 8, 9.
- the lifting movement of the nozzle needle 1 for releasing or closing at least one formed in the nozzle body 3 injection port 4 is controlled so that a too large and / or uncontrolled in the functional space 8, 9 reaching leakage amount precise injection prevented.
- the functional space is designed as a control chamber 8.
- the control chamber 8 is bounded by a guide sleeve 11 and an end face of the nozzle needle 1.
- the guide sleeve 11 is sealingly against a throttle plate 12, through which the control chamber 8 undergoes a further limitation.
- an inlet throttle 13 and an outlet throttle 10 are formed, via which the control chamber 8 in dependence on the switching position of a servo valve (not shown) with a high pressure supply or a return is connectable.
- Fig. 2a and 2b shown known injector concept is the functional space in contrast to that in the Fig. 1a and 1b formed injector concept as a coupler space 9.
- the coupler space 9 allows via a hydraulic coupler volume and the coupler space 9 limiting coupler body direct actuation of the nozzle needle 1 without the interposition of a servo valve.
- the injector concepts described above Fig. 1a, b and Fig. 2a, b are particularly affected by a temperature-dependent increase in the leakage quantity, since the leakage quantity negatively influences the control pressure in the respective functional space 8, 9 and thus the opening and closing behavior of the nozzle needle 1.
- the present invention which deals with a temperature-dependent leakage compensation, is therefore particularly suitable for fuel injectors with such a functional space 8, 9. However, it is not limited thereto.
- the relationship between the temperature T, the leakage amount Q and the guide gap height H is schematically shown in the graph of FIG Fig. 3 shown.
- the graphs A, B relate to a fuel injector according to the prior art and the graphs C, D to a fuel injector according to the invention with a nozzle needle 1, which is made at least in the region of its guide portion 5 of a material whose thermal expansion coefficient ⁇ greater than that of Material of the nozzle body 3 is. That is, the nozzle needle 1 may be made entirely of such a material or may comprise a separate component 7 for forming the guide portion 5 of such a material.
- the solid line indicates the leakage amount Q and the broken line indicates the guide gap height H, respectively.
- Fig. 4 shows a preferred embodiment of a fuel injector according to the invention for the realization of a temperature-dependent leakage compensation as shown in the diagram of Fig. 3 is shown.
- a separate component 7 is axially attached to the nozzle needle 1, which also serves to form a guide portion 5 for axial guidance of the nozzle needle 1 within the high-pressure bore 2 of the nozzle body 3.
- the component 7 is designed as a solid cylinder and consists of a material having a thermal expansion coefficient ⁇ , which is greater than the thermal expansion coefficient ⁇ of the material of the nozzle body 3. With an increase in the temperature, the separate component 7 thus expands more than the nozzle body 3, so that the height of the guide gap 6 formed between the component 7 and the nozzle body 3 is reduced.
- the expected increase in the amount of leakage is completely compensated, so that the amount of leakage by means of which a functional space 8, 9 is applied, remains constant.
- the design of the component 7 as a solid cylinder has the advantage that the component 7 can additionally serve for adjusting the stroke of the nozzle needle 1. Because the axial extent of the component 7 can be selected as needed.
- the component 7 can also have any other geometry, which is not shown here.
- the component 7 may have a hollow-cylindrical section which can be pressed onto the nozzle needle 1.
- many other forms are conceivable.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Kraftstoffinjektor für ein Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem, insbesondere ein Common-Rail-Einspritzsystem, zum Einspritzen von Kraftstoff in den Brennraum einer Brennkraftmaschine mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a fuel injector for a fuel injection system, in particular a common rail injection system, for injecting fuel into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine with the features of the preamble of
Heutige Kraftstoffinjektoren weisen in der Regel einen Steuer- oder Kopplerraum als Funktionsraum zur Ansteuerung einer Düsennadel auf. Über einen solchen Funktionsraum wird die erforderliche Druckdifferenz zum Öffnen und Schließen der Düsennadel eingestellt. Über einen Führungsspalt zwischen der Düsennadel und dem Düsenkörper wird der Funktionsraum jedoch regelmäßig mit einer Leckagemenge beaufschlagt, welche das Druckniveau in dem Funktionsraum in negativer Weise beeinflusst. Denn das Druckniveau bestimmt das Öffnungs- und Schließverhalten der Düsennadel und damit den Düsennadelhub bzw. die Einspritzmenge.Today's fuel injectors generally have a control or coupler space as a functional space for controlling a nozzle needle. About such a function space, the required pressure difference is set to open and close the nozzle needle. Over a guide gap between the nozzle needle and the nozzle body, however, the functional space is regularly applied with a leakage amount, which influences the pressure level in the functional space in a negative way. Because the pressure level determines the opening and closing behavior of the nozzle needle and thus the nozzle needle stroke and the injection quantity.
Darüber hinaus tritt eine Leckage über einen Führungsspalt zwischen der Düsennadel und dem Düsenkörper auch bei Kraftstoffinjektoren ohne einen druckgesteuerten Funktionsraum auf. Die Leckagemenge wird dabei in der Regel einem drucklosen Rücklauf zugeführt. Da die rückgeführte Menge wieder auf Hochdruck gefördert werden muss, steigt zwangsläufig die Förderleistung einer vorgeschalteten Pumpe. Dadurch verschlechtert sich der Wirkungsgrad des Gesamtsystems.In addition, leakage occurs via a guide gap between the nozzle needle and the nozzle body even with fuel injectors without a pressure-controlled functional space. The amount of leakage is usually fed to a non-pressurized return. Since the recirculated amount must be promoted back to high pressure, inevitably increases the capacity of an upstream pump. As a result, the efficiency of the overall system deteriorates.
Die Offenlegungsschrift
Aus der Offenlegungsschrift
Die vorgestellten aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Konzepte setzen jeweils einen Anstieg des Einspritzdrucks voraus. Ein Druckanstieg und eine damit einhergehende Spalthöhenvergrößerung ist jedoch nicht allein ausschlaggebend für eine Erhöhung der Leckagemenge. Neben der Spalthöhe des Führungsspalts bzw. Führungsdichtspalts, das heißt dem radialen Abstand der Düsennadel zum Düsenkörper, hängt die Leckagemenge von weiteren Faktoren ab. Einen weiteren Faktor stellt beispielsweise die Viskosität des Kraftstoffs dar, welche temperaturabhängig ist. Mit zunehmender Erwärmung nimmt die Viskosität des Kraftstoffs ab, wodurch die Leckagemenge steigt. Einer Erhöhung der Leckagemenge, die auf eine Verringerung der Viskosität des Kraftstoffs zurückzuführen ist, vermögen die aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Konzepte nicht entgegenzuwirken.The concepts presented in the prior art each presuppose an increase in the injection pressure. However, an increase in pressure and an associated gap height increase are not the only decisive factors for an increase in the leakage quantity. In addition to the gap height of the guide gap or guide sealing gap, that is the radial distance of the nozzle needle to the nozzle body, the leakage amount depends on other factors. Another factor is, for example, the viscosity of the fuel, which is temperature-dependent. As the heating increases, the viscosity of the fuel decreases, increasing the amount of leakage. An increase in the amount of leakage due to a reduction in the viscosity of the fuel can not counteract the concepts known from the prior art.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Kraftstoffinjektor der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, der einem temperaturbedingten Anstieg der Leckagemenge über einen Führungsspalt zwischen der Düsennadel und dem Düsenkörper oder einer hierin eingesetzten Führungshülse entgegenzuwirken vermag.The invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a fuel injector of the type mentioned, which is able to counteract a temperature-induced increase in the amount of leakage via a guide gap between the nozzle needle and the nozzle body or a guide sleeve inserted therein.
Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch einen Kraftstoffinjektor mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.The object is achieved by a fuel injector with the features of
Der vorgeschlagene Kraftstoffinjektor umfasst eine Düsennadel, die in einer Hochdruckbohrung eines Düsenkörpers zum Freigeben oder Verschließen wenigstens einer Einspritzöffnung hubbeweglich geführt ist. An der Düsennadel ist dabei ein Führungsabschnitt ausgebildet, welcher einen Führungsspalt zwischen der Düsennadel und dem Düsenkörper oder einer in den Düsenkörper eingesetzten Führungshülse radial begrenzt. Erfindungsgemäß ist die Düsennadel zur Verringerung einer Leckage über den Führungsspalt zumindest im Bereich des Führungsabschnitts aus einem Werkstoff gefertigt, dessen Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizient λ größer als der des Werkstoffes ist, aus welchem der Düsenkörper oder die in den Düsenkörper eingesetzte Führungshülse gefertigt ist, so dass der Führungsabschnitt im Betrieb des Kraftstoffinjektors aufgrund einer Erwärmung eine den Führungsspalt reduzierende radiale Aufweitung erfährt. Dabei kann die Düsennadel vollständig oder in wenigstens einem Bereich, zumindest jedoch im Bereich des Führungsabschnitts, aus einem Werkstoff mit einem größeren Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten als der des Werkstoffs des Düsenkörpers oder der Führungshülse gefertigt sein. Um die Verwendung mehrerer Werkstoffe zu ermöglichen, kann die Düsennadel auch gebaut sein.The proposed fuel injector comprises a nozzle needle, which is guided in a high-pressure bore of a nozzle body for releasing or closing at least one injection opening in a liftable manner. At the nozzle needle while a guide portion is formed, which limits a guide gap between the nozzle needle and the nozzle body or a guide sleeve inserted into the nozzle body radially. According to the invention, the nozzle needle to reduce leakage over the guide gap, at least in the region of the guide section made of a material whose thermal expansion coefficient λ is greater than that of the material from which the nozzle body or inserted into the nozzle body guide sleeve is made, so that the guide portion in Operation of the fuel injector due to heating undergoes a guide gap reducing radial expansion. In this case, the nozzle needle can be made entirely or in at least one region, but at least in the region of the guide section, of a material having a greater coefficient of thermal expansion than that of the material of the nozzle body or of the guide sleeve. To allow the use of multiple materials, the nozzle needle can also be built.
Die temperaturbedingte radiale Aufweitung der Düsennadel, zumindest im Bereich des Führungsabschnitts, vermag eine ebenfalls temperaturbedingte Verringerung der Viskosität des Kraftstoffs sowie eine damit einhergehende Erhöhung der Leckagemenge zu kompensieren. Denn aufgrund der unterschiedichen Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten der den Führungsspalt begrenzenden Bauteile, nimmt mit steigender Temperatur nicht nur die Viskosität des Kraftstoffs, sondern auch die Spalthöhe des Führungsspalts ab. Dies ist darauf zurückzuführen, dass sich die Düsennadel, zumindest im Bereich des Führungsabschnitts, bei einem Temperaturanstieg stärker als der Düsenkörper ausdehnt. Die Reduzierung der Spalthöhe des Führungsspalts hat wiederum zur Folge, dass es trotz der verringerten Viskosität des Kraftstoffs nicht zu einer Erhöhung der Leckagemenge kommt.The temperature-induced radial expansion of the nozzle needle, at least in the region of the guide section, can also compensate for a temperature-related reduction in the viscosity of the fuel and a concomitant increase in the amount of leakage. Because due to the different coefficients of thermal expansion of the guide gap limiting components decreases with increasing temperature not only the viscosity of the fuel, but also the gap height of the guide gap. This is due to the fact that the nozzle needle, at least in the region of the guide section, expands at a temperature increase more than the nozzle body. The reduction of the gap height of the guide gap in turn has the result that despite the reduced Viscosity of the fuel does not increase the amount of leakage.
Dadurch, dass sowohl die Änderung der Viskosität des Kraftstoffs als auch die Änderung des Düsennadeldurchmessers temperaturabhängig sind, ist das System weitgehend selbstregelnd. Das heißt, dass mit steigender Temperatur und der hiermit einhergehenden Verringerung der Viskosität des Kraftstoffs zugleich die Wirkung der kompensierenden Maßnahme steigt.The fact that both the change in the viscosity of the fuel and the change in the nozzle needle diameter are temperature-dependent, the system is largely self-regulating. This means that with increasing temperature and the concomitant reduction in the viscosity of the fuel at the same time the effect of the compensatory measure increases.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist der Führungsabschnitt an einem separaten Bauteil ausgebildet, das mit der Düsennadel fest verbunden ist. Die hieraus resultierende gebaute Ausführung der Düsennadel ermöglicht die Verwendung unterschiedlicher Werkstoffe. Vorzugsweise wird lediglich für das separate Bauteil, das den Führungsabschnitt ausbildet, ein anderer Werkstoff gewählt. Dieser Werkstoff besitzt einen Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizient λ der größer als der des Werkstoffs des Düsenkörpers oder einer hierin eingesetzten Führungshülse ist. Durch die Verwendung unterschiedlicher Werkstoffe wird ferner eine Trennung der Funktionen Führen und Dichten ermöglicht. Das zur Ausbildung des Führungsabschnitts vorgesehene separate Bauteil übernimmt vorteilhafterweise die Funktion des Dichtens, da der Werkstoff des separaten Bauteils derart gewählt ist, dass sich das Bauteil bei einem Temperaturanstieg ausdehnt und eine Spalthöhenverkleinerung bewirkt. Dies führt zu einer verbesserten Dichtwirkung. Die Funktion des Führens wird von einem Düsennadelabschnitt übernommen, der demgegenüber aus einem Werkstoff mit weitgehend unveränderten Werkstoffeigenschaften besteht. Dadurch ist zugleich sichergestellt, dass die übrigen Funktionen der Düsennadel nicht beeinträchtigt werden. Beispielsweise bleibt somit ein optimaler Dichtsitz der Düsennadel im Bereich der wenigstens einen Einspritzöffnung erhalten.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the guide section is formed on a separate component, which is firmly connected to the nozzle needle. The resulting built execution of the nozzle needle allows the use of different materials. Preferably, another material is selected only for the separate component which forms the guide section. This material has a thermal expansion coefficient λ which is greater than that of the material of the nozzle body or a guide sleeve inserted therein. The use of different materials also allows separation of the guiding and sealing functions. The provided for forming the guide portion separate component advantageously takes over the function of sealing, since the material of the separate component is selected such that the component expands at a temperature rise and causes a gap height reduction. This leads to an improved sealing effect. The function of guiding is taken over by a nozzle needle section, which in contrast consists of a material with largely unchanged material properties. This ensures at the same time that the other functions of the nozzle needle are not affected. For example, an optimum sealing seat of the nozzle needle thus remains in the region of the at least one injection opening.
Weiterhin bevorzugt ist das separate Bauteil an die Düsennadel axial angesetzt. Somit ist das separate Bauteil ferner zur Hubeinstellung der Düsennadel einsetzbar. Ein zusätzliches Bauteil für die Hubeinstellung der Düsennadel ist dementsprechend entbehrlich, da diese Funktion von dem mit der Düsennadel verbundenen Bauteil übernommen werden kann. Vorzugsweise werden hierzu mehrere Auswahlreihen vorgehalten, die in Abhängigkeit vom jeweils geforderten Düsennadelhub wahlweise mit einer Düsennadel kombiniert werden können. Vorteilhafterweise ist das separate Bauteil zylinderförmig ausgebildet oder umfasst einen zylinderförmigen Abschnitt, welcher an die Düsennadel axial ansetzbar ist. Dadurch ist eine Hubeinstellung der Düsennadel über das separate Bauteil realisierbar. Zudem weist das separate Bauteil eine einfache Geometrie auf, so dass es kostengünstig herstellbar ist.Further preferably, the separate component is attached to the nozzle needle axially. Thus, the separate component can also be used for adjusting the stroke of the nozzle needle. An additional component for the stroke adjustment of the nozzle needle is accordingly unnecessary, since this function can be taken over by the component connected to the nozzle needle. Preferably, a plurality of selection rows are provided for this purpose, which can optionally be combined with a nozzle needle as a function of the respectively required nozzle needle stroke. Advantageously, the separate component is cylindrical or comprises a cylindrical portion which is axially attachable to the nozzle needle. As a result, a stroke adjustment of the nozzle needle via the separate component can be realized. In addition, the separate component has a simple geometry, so that it can be produced inexpensively.
Eine Leckage über den Führungsspalt zwischen dem Führungsabschnitt der Düsennadel und dem Düsenkörper oder einer in den Düsenkörper eingesetzten Führungshülse setzt diesseits und jenseits des Führungsspalts unterschiedliche Druckverhältnisse voraus. Diese Bedingung wird von unterschiedlichen Injektorkonzepten erfüllt.A leakage over the guide gap between the guide portion of the nozzle needle and the nozzle body or a guide sleeve inserted into the nozzle body requires different pressure conditions on both sides of the guide gap. This condition is met by different injector concepts.
Gemäß einer ersten bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung dichtet der Führungsabschnitt der Düsennadel die Hochdruckbohrung gegenüber einem Funktionsraum ab. Bei dem Funktionsraum kann es sich beispielsweise um einen Steuerraum oder einen Kopplerraum zur Ansteuerung der Düsennadel handeln. Über diese Funktionsräume wird die notwendige Druckdifferenz zum Öffnen und Schließen der Düsennadel eingestellt.According to a first preferred embodiment of the invention, the guide section of the nozzle needle seals the high-pressure bore with respect to a functional space. The functional space may be, for example, a control room or a coupler space for controlling the nozzle needle. About these functional spaces, the necessary pressure difference to open and close the nozzle needle is set.
Gemäß einer alternativen bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung dichtet der Führungsabschnitt der Düsennadel die Hochdruckbohrung gegenüber einem Niederdruckbereich, vorzugsweise einem Rücklauf, ab. Dieses Injektorkonzept weist somit keinen druckgesteuerten Funktionsraum auf.According to an alternative preferred embodiment of the invention, the guide section of the nozzle needle seals the high-pressure bore with respect to a low-pressure region, preferably a return line. This injector concept thus has no pressure-controlled functional space.
Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Diese zeigen:
-
Fig. 1a, b jeweils einen Längsschnitt durch einen Kraftstoffinjektor nach dem Stand der Technik im Bereich der Düsenbaugruppe bzw. des Führungsabschnitts der Düsennadel, -
Fig. 2a, b jeweils einen Längsschnitt durch einen weiteren Kraftstoffinjektor nach dem Stand der Technik im Bereich der Düsenbaugruppe bzw. des Führungsabschnitts der Düsennadel, -
Fig. 3 ein Diagramm zur Darstellung der Zusammenhänge Temperatur, Führungsspalthöhe und Leckagemenge und -
Fig. 4 einen Längsschnitt durch einen erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoffinjektor im Bereich des Führungsabschnitts der Düsennadel.
-
Fig. 1a, b in each case a longitudinal section through a fuel injector according to the prior art in the region of the nozzle assembly or the guide section of the nozzle needle, -
Fig. 2a, b in each case a longitudinal section through a further fuel injector according to the prior art in the region of the nozzle assembly or of the guide section of the nozzle needle, -
Fig. 3 a diagram showing the relationships between temperature, guide gap height and leakage quantity and -
Fig. 4 a longitudinal section through a fuel injector according to the invention in the region of the guide portion of the nozzle needle.
Den
Bei dem in den
Bei dem in den
Die vorstehend beschriebenen Injektorkonzepte der
Der Zusammenhang zwischen der Temperatur T, der Leckagemenge Q und der Führungsspalthöhe H ist schematisch in dem Diagramm der
Die Ausbildung des Bauteils 7 als Vollzylinder weist den Vorteil auf, dass das Bauteil 7 zusätzlich der Hubeinstellung der Düsennadel 1 dienen kann. Denn die axiale Erstreckung des Bauteils 7 kann nach Bedarf gewählt werden. Alternativ zur Form eines Vollzylinders kann das Bauteil 7 auch eine beliebig andere Geometrie aufweisen, die vorliegend nicht dargestellt ist. Beispielsweise kann das Bauteil 7 einen hohlzylindrisch ausgebildeten Abschnitt besitzen, welcher auf die Düsennadel 1 aufpressbar ist. Darüber hinaus sind vielzählige weitere Formen denkbar.The design of the
Claims (6)
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Düsennadel (1) zur Verringerung einer Leckage über den Führungsspalt (6) zumindest im Bereich des Führungsabschnitts (5) aus einem Werkstoff gefertigt ist, dessen Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizient λ größer als der des Werkstoffes ist, aus welchem der Düsenkörper (3) oder die in den Düsenkörper (3) eingesetzte Führungshülse (11) gefertigt ist, so dass der Führungsabschnitt (5) im Betrieb des Kraftstoffinjektors aufgrund einer Erwärmung eine den Führungsspalt (6) reduzierende radiale Aufweitung erfährt.Fuel injector for a fuel injection system, in particular a common rail injection system, with a nozzle needle (1) in a high pressure bore (2) of a nozzle body (3) for releasing or closing at least one injection port (4) is guided in a liftable manner, wherein on the nozzle needle (1) a guide section (5) is formed, which radially delimits a guide gap (6) between the nozzle needle (1) and the nozzle body (3) or a guide sleeve (11) inserted into the nozzle body (3),
characterized in that the nozzle needle (1) to reduce leakage over the guide gap (6) is made at least in the region of the guide portion (5) of a material whose thermal expansion coefficient λ is greater than that of the material from which the nozzle body (3) or the guide sleeve (11) inserted into the nozzle body (3) is made, so that the guide section (5) undergoes a radial expansion which reduces the guide gap (6) during operation of the fuel injector due to heating.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Führungsabschnitt (5) an einem separaten Bauteil (7) ausgebildet ist, das mit der Düsennadel (1) fest verbunden ist.Fuel injector according to claim 1,
characterized in that the guide portion (5) on a separate component (7) is formed, which is fixedly connected to the nozzle needle (1).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das separate Bauteil (7) an die Düsennadel (1) axial angesetzt ist und somit zur Hubeinstellung der Düsennadel (1) einsetzbar ist.Fuel injector according to claim 2,
characterized in that the separate component (7) is attached to the nozzle needle (1) axially and thus for stroke adjustment of the nozzle needle (1) can be used.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das separate Bauteil (7) zylinderförmig ausgebildet ist oder einen zylinderförmigen Abschnitt umfasst, welcher an die Düsennadel (1) axial ansetzbar ist.Fuel injector according to claim 2 or 3,
characterized in that the separate component (7) is cylindrical or comprises a cylindrical portion which is axially attachable to the nozzle needle (1).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Führungsabschnitt (5) der Düsennadel (1) die Hochdruckbohrung (2) gegenüber einem Niederdruckbereich, vorzugsweise einem Rücklauf, abdichtet.Fuel injector according to one of claims 1 to 4,
characterized in that the guide section (5) of the nozzle needle (1) the high-pressure bore (2) against a low-pressure region, preferably a return, seals.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE201010042044 DE102010042044A1 (en) | 2010-10-06 | 2010-10-06 | fuel injector |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2439397A2 true EP2439397A2 (en) | 2012-04-11 |
EP2439397A3 EP2439397A3 (en) | 2014-08-06 |
Family
ID=45445648
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP11180692.3A Withdrawn EP2439397A3 (en) | 2010-10-06 | 2011-09-09 | Fuel injector |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP2439397A3 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102010042044A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2013545032A (en) * | 2010-12-10 | 2013-12-19 | ワルトシラ フィンランド オサケユキチュア | Fuel injection device, piston engine and piston engine operating method |
WO2014198510A1 (en) * | 2013-06-11 | 2014-12-18 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Injector |
CN107143452A (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2017-09-08 | 辽阳新风科技有限公司 | A kind of oil nozzle couple, fuel injector and automobile |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN107225792A (en) * | 2017-07-11 | 2017-10-03 | 苏州市天星山精密模具有限公司 | A kind of folding die |
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EP0477400A1 (en) * | 1990-09-25 | 1992-04-01 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Device for compensating the tolerance in the lift direction of the displacement transformer of a piezoelectric actuator |
DE102005034879A1 (en) | 2005-07-26 | 2007-02-01 | Siemens Ag | Nozzle assembly for use in injection valve, has nozzle needle comprising recess that is hydraulically coupled with high pressure cycle of fluid, where blind hole-shaped section of recess extends axially over portion of guide section |
DE102008031273A1 (en) | 2008-07-02 | 2010-01-07 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Nozzle needle for nozzle assembly group of fuel injector, particularly common rail injector for combustion chamber, comprises guide piston for supporting nozzle needle in nozzle body |
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JP2003214294A (en) * | 2002-01-21 | 2003-07-30 | Nippon Soken Inc | Fuel injection device |
DE10219149A1 (en) * | 2002-04-29 | 2003-11-20 | Siemens Ag | Fuel injector has piezoelectric actuator unit in a housing with a different temperature coefficient of expansion to the injector body for temperature compensation |
DE102005018589A1 (en) * | 2005-04-21 | 2006-11-02 | Siemens Ag | Needle guide body for injector of fuel injection system embodied as electrically insulating ceramic body with axial hole in which is metal casing forming guide for needle; bonding device for same; injector with bonding device |
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2010
- 2010-10-06 DE DE201010042044 patent/DE102010042044A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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2011
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EP0477400A1 (en) * | 1990-09-25 | 1992-04-01 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Device for compensating the tolerance in the lift direction of the displacement transformer of a piezoelectric actuator |
DE102005034879A1 (en) | 2005-07-26 | 2007-02-01 | Siemens Ag | Nozzle assembly for use in injection valve, has nozzle needle comprising recess that is hydraulically coupled with high pressure cycle of fluid, where blind hole-shaped section of recess extends axially over portion of guide section |
DE102008031273A1 (en) | 2008-07-02 | 2010-01-07 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Nozzle needle for nozzle assembly group of fuel injector, particularly common rail injector for combustion chamber, comprises guide piston for supporting nozzle needle in nozzle body |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2013545032A (en) * | 2010-12-10 | 2013-12-19 | ワルトシラ フィンランド オサケユキチュア | Fuel injection device, piston engine and piston engine operating method |
EP2649294B1 (en) * | 2010-12-10 | 2015-11-25 | Wärtsilä Finland Oy | A fuel injection apparatus, a piston engine and method of operating a piston engine |
US10001097B2 (en) | 2010-12-10 | 2018-06-19 | Wartsila Finland Oy | Fuel injection apparatus, a piston engine and method of operating a piston engine |
WO2014198510A1 (en) * | 2013-06-11 | 2014-12-18 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Injector |
CN105431627A (en) * | 2013-06-11 | 2016-03-23 | 大陆汽车有限公司 | Injector |
US10113523B2 (en) | 2013-06-11 | 2018-10-30 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Injector |
CN105431627B (en) * | 2013-06-11 | 2019-05-17 | 大陆汽车有限公司 | Injector |
CN107143452A (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2017-09-08 | 辽阳新风科技有限公司 | A kind of oil nozzle couple, fuel injector and automobile |
CN107143452B (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2024-03-08 | 辽阳新风科技有限公司 | Glib coupling part, fuel injector and car |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102010042044A1 (en) | 2012-04-12 |
EP2439397A3 (en) | 2014-08-06 |
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