EP2435641B1 - System for insulating buildings from the outside - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a non-industrial building, industrial, masonry wall, or brick, or solid or light concrete, or timber framed exterior insulation system.

This is to thermally and / or acoustically isolate the facades of buildings that may comprise several floors.

In a first known system, the insulation consists of rigid panels of mineral wool, usually rock wool, or organic foam, usually expanded polystyrene.

These panels are bonded to the outer wall of the building to be insulated, and generally receive point-type mechanical retention elements of the type ankle-star expansive especially for high walls or in areas subject to high winds.

The insulating panels are then covered with an organic or mineral finishing coating, most often reinforced by an alkali-resistant fiberglass grid.

In this system, the panels must be rigid because they are the ones that bring the mechanical properties of the facade cladding. An acceptable resistance to the pressure / vacuum forces due to the wind is obtained thanks to the bonding and the mechanical retaining means. The surface remains however subject to deterioration by depression or punching during an impact with a foreign body on the thin layer of surface coating.

Organic foam panels also have the disadvantage of being relatively impervious to water vapor and therefore do not allow effective diffusion of water vapor through the wall.

In general, bonding is disadvantageous in renovation, because it requires a wall with flatness defects of less than a few mm per meter. In the case where the surface to be insulated is highly degraded, a preliminary repair is necessary, which is costly in time and materials.

In another known system, the insulation is contained between frame elements fixed to the wall to be insulated, which may be wood or metal, and a outer facing is attached via a supporting structure defining at the rear of the facing a space enclosing an air gap connected to the outside.

This construction avoids the risk of condensation and moisture accumulation in the facade, resulting in a fall in thermal insulation properties, promoting the proliferation of microorganisms, algae or fungi. The wood frame is particularly concerned, because the wood is likely to deteriorate under the effect of moisture.

The disadvantage of ventilated facades lies in their complexity of implementation, especially at the singular points of the facade (doors, windows ...). In addition, in case of fire, ventilation of the facade favors the spread of fire in the upper floors (chimney effect).

In most ventilated facades, legs or other metal accessories (galvanized steel or aluminum) are used to maintain the entire frame. These accessories contribute to the mechanical strength of the facade, and their number is generally determined according to the different external stress conditions that it has to undergo.

Requirement DE 101 49 664 A1 discloses a console with all the features of the preamble of claim 1.

The present invention aims to find new mounting solutions that improve the overall energy performance of the facade.

Thus, it appeared to the inventors that these tabs have the drawback of constituting in the facade thermal bridges whose influence can be considerable, to the point that they can cause insulation losses of 15 to 30%, according to the targeted thermal resistance. Today, there are no fasteners on the market for mechanically stable, easy-to-use building facades, which can also withstand fire, and which can effectively reduce negative of the frame reported on the facade on the level of insulation.

The invention therefore aims to provide an external insulation system whose attachment to the wall is reliable and fast, in particular without requiring bonding of the elements of the insulation.

It also aims to develop an insulation system from the outside compact and lightweight, which facilitates both its attachment to the wall and makes possible its transport in a compact form such as rolls. This system can be installed on walls with large surface irregularities, up to a few centimeters, without the need for repair of the wall.

Finally, this system of insulation from the outside allows drying of the construction vis-à-vis the inside and outside, that is to say compatible with the natural tendency of the walls to be absorbed and absorbed. releasing the humidity according to the seasons, without an air gap being necessary (compact system). This last feature, combined with the use of mineral wool, limits the spread of fire in case of fire on the facade, and ensures good fire resistance.

These objects are achieved by the invention which relates to an exterior building insulation system comprising the features of claim 1.

This system is remarkable in that the consoles have in addition to their mechanical role thermal breakage properties achieved through the use of a constituent material of thermal conductivity less than 0.5 W / m.K.

It thus meets a requirement of energy efficiency while presenting logistical or handling advantages since it does not use additional parts to bring a new function.

The thermal conductivity of the material of the consoles is in particular at least 0.1 W / m.K.

This frame fastening system requires no glue. It is particularly effective with insulation insulating wool elements that is able to absorb moisture and releasing it over the seasons, without being affected in its nature and integrity, nor in its insulating function. It can be mineral wool, organic or vegetable, natural or synthetic, including glass wool, rock wool, hemp wool, wood wool, linen, cellulose wadding ... It should be noted that the system also accepts cellular or expanded insulators such as organic or inorganic foams, such as expanded or extruded polystyrene, polyurethanes, polyisocyanurates, phenolic foams, glass foam ...

This system is also compact, because the facing plates can be attached to the profiles without the appearance of an air gap in the system.

Insulating wool of relatively low density, preferably glass wool, can be employed, as will be seen in more detail below. This insulating wool is available in compacted form, in easily transportable rolls. In addition this insulation is not rigid but, on the contrary, compressible, which allows the easy positioning of son, ducts, cables, pipes or pipes in the insulation. After unrolling the roll, the insulating wool can be laid in the form of strips.

The facing plates are also available in reduced dimensions, for example 2500 x 1200 x 12.5 mm, to which they are also easily transportable.

Within the meaning of the invention, the term "console" means a means capable of ensuring the durability of tens of years the mechanical stability of the frame of a facade.

The consoles must provide sufficient rigidity and mechanical strength, to support the weight of the facade, withstand the pressure / vacuum cycles under the action of the wind, and accompany if necessary the authorized deformations of the facade components (expansion, impacts ). According to the invention they may be made of reinforced plastic material, or equivalent, or even preferably non-flammable.

For the purposes of the invention the term "maintained by" customarily means "being fixed by or through" but also broadly as "being held in place by". It applies both to profiles that are in mechanical connection with the consoles, insulating elements that come into contact with the consoles and whose position is limited laterally by them.

The profiles, forming the frame of the facade, are held by the consoles. They can be metal, reinforced plastic or wood.

Although the insulation system of the invention is preferably free of an air gap, in which case the facing plates and the finishing constituents which cover them must be breathable with respect to moisture, the presence of an air gap is not beyond the scope of the invention.

It is particularly practical, in accordance with the invention, to fix the support profiles of the cladding plates at an adjustable distance from the wall to be insulated. This makes it easy to compensate for any irregularities in the surface of this wall.

The vertical position of the profiles is advantageous in the case of ventilated facades, to allow a continuous air gap on the entire facade, between the profiles.

Said first substantially flat portion of the consoles is of course intended to be in register with the substantially flat surface of the wall to be isolated, especially in a substantially vertical plane.

The second part of the consoles, on which the profiles are fixed, is inscribed in any plane not parallel to the wall to be insulated, preferably in a substantially perpendicular plane. It can in particular be horizontal, and then serve in addition to support the insulating wool, which eliminates the fixing of pegs-stars, and thus reduce installation costs. However, it is preferably positioned vertically.

A first part of a profile is then conveniently placed partially in coincidence with such a second vertical console part, on which it is dragged to reach the desired distance to the wall, and the fixing is carried out by any means .

• la fixation des consoles à la paroi à isoler, ou
• des profilés aux consoles, ou
• des plaques de parement aux profilés,

sont effectuées au moyen de vis ou équivalent (rivet, goujon), notamment associées dans le premier cas, à des chevilles introduites dans la paroi.All the bindings we're talking about here, whether it's

• fixing the brackets to the wall to be insulated, or
• profiles to consoles, or
• facing plates to the profiles,

are made by means of screws or the like (rivet, stud), in particular associated in the first case, with pegs introduced into the wall.

In accordance with the foregoing, the consoles are advantageously substantially in L.

Advantageously, the consoles comprise a strengthening of the connection between said first and said second plane portions. This reinforcement is likely to sustainably sustain and maintain the vertical or lateral loads formed by the insulation system.

According to a first conformation, this reinforcement consists of a third plane part connecting said first and second and cutting them along two parallel straight lines.

According to a second conformation, this reinforcement consists of a third plane portion perpendicular to said first and second.

According to a third conformation, this reinforcement consists of an addition of material such as an extra thickness, located in the connection zone or intersection of said first and said second plane portions. Particularly in the case of an L-shaped bracket, the extra thickness can be made in the angled part by the fact that the thickness of the part following the bisector of the angle is greater than the thickness of each of the plane parts of the on both sides of the corner.

Preferably, the second part of the consoles is split into a slot for receiving at least an end fraction of the first part of the profiles. This split part of the console can be doubly pre-drilled to accommodate the profile of the attachment means, such as screw or equivalent. It can also be shaped to pinch the fraction of profile received in the slot. For this purpose, the width of the slot may be provided to be very slightly greater (of the order of a few tenths of a millimeter) to the thickness of the first section portion intended to be received in the slot. A maximum lateral play of 1 to 2 tenths of a millimeter on either side of the profile in the slot is considered satisfactory to allow insertion and adjustment of the position of the profile. This game is preferably reduced to zero at the free edge of the console to achieve the pinch referred to above.

In a particular case, the entire flat portion of the console has the form of a slotted plate in two at one end.

This slot preferably describes a symmetry of the free end of the second part of the consoles. Such a conformation guarantees the best mechanical properties.

The fixing of the profiles to the consoles is advantageously carried out by means of three aligned holes formed respectively in the two walls of said slot on the one hand, and said first part of the profiles on the other hand, which receive the fastening means (screws, studs ). This system provides the strongest attachment.

Preferably, the consoles of the invention have a shear strength (representative in the installed state of the resistance to the vertical weight carried by the console) minimum of 700 N, in particular of 800 to 1400 N, and a tensile strength (representative in the installed state of resistance to wind pressure forces transmitted by the facade to the console) minimum of 2000 N, in particular 3000 to 3500 N.

1. 1) en cisaillement :
   • à l'application d'une force de 730 N, un déplacement inférieur à 3 mm ;
   • un cisaillement à l'application d'une force de 760 N, correspondant à un déplacement de 1,5 mm ;
2. 2) en traction : une rupture de la pièce à l'application d'une force non inférieure à 4000 N.

In the mechanical tests, carried out on an Instron 1185 machine at a speed of 4000 N / min, one observes

1. 1) in shear:
   • at the application of a force of 730 N, a displacement less than 3 mm;
   • shear at the application of a force of 760 N, corresponding to a displacement of 1.5 mm;
2. 2) in tension: a rupture of the part with the application of a force not lower than 4000 N.

According to the invention, said consoles are in a thermal conductivity material at most equal to 0.5 W / m.K. They then constitute effective thermal break switches between the wall to be insulated and the new facade formed by the profiles and plates.

Preferably, the consoles are of a material which does not participate in the maintenance of fire, and has a resistance to direct exposure to fire of at least five minutes (no noticeable degradation after five minutes in the flame of a bunsen burner). In case of fire, the temperature can go from 20 to 1200 ° C in ten minutes. Under these conditions, the consoles according to the invention have a guaranteed mechanical strength of at least fifteen minutes from the beginning of the fire.

Subject to a fire of 30 kW (standard EN 13501), the consoles are in perfect condition after one minute, and do not exhibit significant damage to the mechanical after 5 min.

The entire facade (consoles + profiles + plates + plaster) has a fire resistance of at least one hour.

This material is preferably chosen from an epoxy resin, polyester such as isophthalic, vinyl ester, polyimide, phenolic, polyetheretherketone, polyaryletherketone, phenylene polysulfide, polyarylsulfone, polyethersulfone, silicone, phthalonitrile, alone or as a mixture of several of those and charged particularly with glass fiber, aramid or carbon, or additives such as flame retardant.

To obtain consoles, this material can be used in particular by extrusion, pultrusion ...

The fibers mentioned mechanically strengthen the material.

The all plastic / resin console integrates in one piece the mechanical and thermal functions (bridge breakage).

It reduces the risk of corrosion on the fastening screw to the facade (indeed if the console was metallic, the contact of two different metals is likely to start and accelerate their corrosion). According to the present preferred embodiment, on the contrary, it is possible to choose any material for the screws.

In a preferred embodiment, the console has at least one of its surfaces, a structure with fibers oriented mainly parallel to said surface, in particular derived from a mat or fiber web, impregnated with synthetic resin. These fibers having a length of at least a few centimeters can be introduced into the composite in the form of a veil or mat pre-impregnated with a resin identical to or different from the resin used to make the console. This structure is preferably present on the entire periphery of the room. This embodiment gives the console a surface-sheathed structure (at least in part) very favorable to the mechanical strength of the consoles and the system as well as their dimensional stability. Preferably this structure extends from a face of the console over a distance of the order of 1/10 of the thickness of the corresponding flat part.

The remaining part of the console is advantageously reinforced with fibers generally shorter than those of the surface structure, typically a length of a few millimeters.

Such a console can be obtained by the pultrusion technique which makes it possible to introduce into a die or mat or any other form of two- or three-dimensional reinforcement, at the same time as the die is fed with resin or plastic composition for impregnating and / or coating the reinforcing element or elements.

The consoles are dimensioned to withstand pull-offs due to the strongest winds (2.1 kPa, safety factor of 1.75 inclusive, with a maximum deformation of 3 mm), according to NV 65 (Eurocode Vents) and shear due to the weight of the facade up to 60 kg / m ² frontage. The solutions according to the present invention have a weight of 18 kg / m ² to 30 kg / m ² of facade. It is specified that the shear strength of the consoles defined above relates to the weight of the facade surface supported by a single console (thus to the distribution of consoles on the facade).

The insulating elements are advantageously based on mineral wool which has a density of between 7 and 100 kg / m ³ , especially at most equal to 50 kg / m ³ , in particular between 7 and 50 kg / m ³ or 7 and 40. kg / m ³ , for example of the order of 10 to 30 kg / m ³ . It is a thermally and acoustically insulating product. As mentioned above, it also allows drying of the construction, it is able to absorb and releasing moisture to a certain extent, without being affected in any way.

Advantageously, the insulation has a thermal conductivity (λ) of the order of 30 to 40 mW / m · K, preferably 30 to 35 mW / m · K.

It is also a light product, compressible and especially transportable in compact form (rollers ...). Glass wool is particularly preferred.

• une partie de pied est destinée à être fixée en appui sur une partie sur une partie plane d'une console, à distance réglable d'une paroi à isoler, et
• une partie de tête constitue une surface plane d'appui d'une plaque de parement, la partie de tête comporte une ou deux ailes de retour.

The profiles of the insulation system are T-shaped or L-shaped sections of which

• a foot part is intended to be fixed in abutment on a part on a flat part of a console, at an adjustable distance from a wall to be insulated, and
• a head portion constitutes a flat bearing surface of a facing plate, the head portion comprises one or two return wings.

The T-shaped or L-shaped profile has one or two return wings, so as to maintain the insulating wool, without requiring the use of star pegs.

The facing plates are preferably chosen from plasterboard, cement, or ribbed expanded metal, wire mesh or equivalent coated with a thick plaster in all cases, or thick or thin plaster for the plasterboard. plaster or cement.

They are for example made of mineral material plates resistant to humidity or adapted to use in damp rooms, particularly meeting the H1 classification. They may in particular be based on a hydraulic setting binder such as plaster and / or cement, and possibly include fillers and / or reinforcements including synthetic material in the form of beads (polystyrene, expanded clay ...), fibers. ..

According to a particularly preferred embodiment, they consist essentially of light plates permeable to water vapor. Products essentially based on mineral material including gypsum can be used for this purpose. They are available in sizes of 2500 x 1200 x 12.5 mm particularly advantageous for transport. For the finishing of the facade, on the facing plates, it is possible, in a manner known per se, to provide a base coating, a reinforcing grid, covered with a finishing coating.

Examples of products that can be used according to the invention are available in the Saint-Gobain group: these are in particular plasterboard marketed by the company Gyproc under the trademark GlasRoc, or cement slabs marketed by the company Gyproc under the name registered trademark Placocem.

According to another preferred embodiment, the facing plates consist of a ribbed expanded metal sheet coated with thick plaster (> 10 mm), in two successive layers. An example of ribbed expanded metal is marketed by Chabanne Bâtiment under the registered trademark. Nerplac. The thick plaster can be made of cement, breathable - vis-à-vis the moisture - by the fact that its porosity is high.

The console comprises a first flat portion of support and attachment to a wall to be insulated, and a second flat portion perpendicular to the first, of support, holding and fixing at an adjustable distance from said wall, of profiles, essentially consisting of a console thermal conductivity material at most equal to 0.5 W / mK

• elle est constituée en un matériau qui ne participe pas à l'entretien du feu, et présente une résistance à l'exposition directe au feu d'au moins cinq minutes (pas d'altération mécanique notable à l'exposition à un feu de 30 kW pendant cette durée) ;
• elle est en résine choisie parmi une résine époxy, polyester telle qu'isophtalique, ester vinylique, polyimide, phénolique, polyétheréthercétone, polyaryléthercétone, polysulfure de phénylène, polyarylsulfone, polyéthersulfone, silicone, phtalonitrile, seule ou en mélange de plusieurs d'entre celles-ci, et chargée notamment de fibres de verre, aramide ou carbone, ou encore d'additifs tels qu'ignifugeant ;
• elle est en matériau composite de résine renforcée de fibres, et présente au moins à proximité d'une surface une structure avec des fibres orientées principalement parallèlement à ladite surface, notamment dérivée d'un mat ou voile de fibres imprégné de résine ;
• la seconde partie plane est dédoublée en formant une fente, décrivant notamment une symétrie de l'extrémité libre de la seconde partie, destinée à recevoir au moins une fraction d'extrémité de la première partie des profilés.

In addition, this console:

• it is made of a material that does not participate in the maintenance of the fire, and has a resistance to direct exposure to fire of at least five minutes (no significant mechanical impairment on exposure to a fire of 30 minutes). kW during this time);
• it is made of a resin chosen from an epoxy resin, polyester such as isophthalic, vinyl ester, polyimide, phenolic, polyetheretherketone, polyaryletherketone, phenylene polysulfide, polyarylsulfone, polyethersulfone, silicone, phthalonitrile, alone or as a mixture of several of these. ci, and loaded including fiberglass, aramid or carbon, or additives such as flame retardant;
• it is made of fiber reinforced resin composite material, and has at least in the vicinity of a surface a structure with fibers oriented mainly parallel to said surface, in particular derived from a mat or fiber web impregnated with resin;
• the second flat portion is split into a slot, in particular describing a symmetry of the free end of the second portion, for receiving at least an end portion of the first portion of the profiles.

• la Figure 1 est une représentation générale en perspective du système d'isolation de l'invention vu « de l'intérieur », c'est-à-dire de la paroi à isoler ;
• la Figure 2 est une représentation schématique vue du dessus en coupe du système d'isolation de l'invention sur un mur endommagé.

The invention will be better understood in the light of the accompanying drawings in which

• the Figure 1 is a general perspective representation of the insulation system of the invention seen from "inside", that is to say from the wall to be isolated;
• the Figure 2 is a schematic top view in section of the insulation system of the invention on a damaged wall.

The thermal and acoustic insulation of an external wall not shown on the Figure 1 essentially comprises a glass wool mattress 1 and mineral facing plates 2. The glass wool 1 has a density of 23.5 kg / m ³ . The mattress is available in rolls of 1200 mm length (width of a le). Once unrolled and decompressed the mattress exists in several thicknesses, including 50, 80, 100, 120 and 140 mm.

The mineral facing plates 2, sold under the trademark GlasRoc trademark by the company Gyproc, have dimensions of 2500 x 1200 x 12.5 mm; their mass per unit area is 9 kg / m ² . They preferably have a water-resistant core, covered on each side with reinforcements of glass mats embedded in a layer of polymer-modified plaster, itself each time coated with adhesion of an acrylic coating. Plasterboard plates known for this purpose are described in patents US 6,524,679 and WO 2007 004066 .

These plates are easy to cut and use, impact resistant, water resistant and vapor permeable. They support moisture well.

They do not contain paper or starch that could promote the development of mold.

They have good fire resistance, better wet dimensional stability than cement boards, and relatively high flexural strength (modulus of rupture greater than 12 MPa). In addition they are not friable unlike most fiber reinforced cement boards.

They are significantly lighter than fiber-cement slabs of the same size, whose surface density is of the order of 13 to 14 kg / m ² .

The facing plates 2 are screwed to the metal sections 5, by means of galvanized metal screws not shown.

As mentioned above, the facing plates 2 are covered with adhesion of a base coat, a fabric web or grid, and then a finishing coating.

The joints between the facing plates are reinforced with mortar and a reinforcing grid about 10 cm wide.

It should be noted that the insulation system is advantageously mounted without an air knife, that is to say that the plates 2 are applied directly against the exposed face of the insulating material 1. In the same way the rear face of the insulating material is directly applied against the wall to be insulated.

This construction is advantageous in view of its simplicity; it also gives a great strength to the envelope thus produced to the extent that any distortion during impact on the facing plates can be avoided or reduced.

This is achieved without prejudice to the integrity of the materials through the use of water vapor permeable facing boards.

Nevertheless, a ventilated air gap can be put in place by the end user if he wishes, or in the case of the use of ribbed expanded metal with thick plaster, instead of plasterboard or cement. Indeed, a thick plaster has low breathability.

In the embodiment shown in the two figures, the support and the maintenance of the insulation are mainly ensured by the cooperation of two types of elements: brackets 3 and metal sections 5.

The arrangement of consoles and their number per square meter depends on the local wind load, easily calculated by those skilled in the art. For areas with more severe winds in Europe, for example, a console will be chosen every 1.50 m in height and 0.60 m in width. In a preferred embodiment, the width spacing will be reduced to 0.40 m so as to overcome the use of star pegs, and thus save installation time: the light mineral wool is then directly held by the uprights. vertical, sufficiently constricted. For better load distribution, the consoles are staggered, alternating the position of the wall attachment on each side of the profile, along it.

The consoles 3 are arranged every 1.20 m in height and 0.60 m in width.

The consoles 3 have a shear strength of 700 N, in traction of 3000 N.

• une première partie sensiblement plane 31 destinée à une mise en appui sur la paroi à isoler, en général verticale, et
• une seconde partie sensiblement plane 32 perpendiculaire à la première 31 positionnée verticalement.

Each console 3 includes

• a first substantially planar portion 31 intended to bear on the wall to be insulated, generally vertical, and
• a second substantially flat portion 32 perpendicular to the first 31 positioned vertically.

It is L-shaped, with a profile in the angle such that the amount of material in this area achieves a thickness in the direction of the bisector of the angle greater than the thickness of the neighboring planar portions.

The bracket 3 is fixed to the wall by means of one or more screws or a stud 7 or equivalent (only one of which is shown), which can themselves be associated with pins introduced into the wall to be insulated.

• l'enfoncement de cette dernière y soit réglable,
• et que cet enfoncement soit effectué avec une certaine résistance le cas échéant, la fente 34 pouvant alors être conformée pour accueillir la partie de pied 51 avec serrage.

The second flat portion 32 of the console 3 is split so as to form a slot 34 for receiving a foot portion 51 of a profile 5 T vertical. The shape of the slot 34 is adapted to that of the foot portion 51 so that

• the depression of the latter is adjustable,
• and that this depression is carried out with a certain resistance if necessary, the slot 34 can then be shaped to accommodate the foot portion 51 with tightening.

When the depression is adjusted as desired, the attachment of the foot portion 51 of the T-section 5 to the bracket 3 is made by means of a screw 7 at least, preferably two to avoid rotational movements.

The console 3 is made of isophthalic resin reinforced with glass fibers and pultruded with a mat of long glass fibers (a few centimeters) integrated near its surface (from one edge of the slot to the edge of the other slot) on a thickness of about 1 to 2 millimeters, and short glass fibers in the resin mass. The thicknesses of the different plane portions 31, 32 of the bracket 3 are between 5 and 15 mm, preferably of the order of 10 mm. Typically, the slot is made with a width of the order of 2 mm with a game of 0.2 to 0.5 mm, this game being zero at the free edge of the console.

It is essentially a material that is difficult to fuel (meeting the A2 or B classification of European standards). This material has a conductivity 0.3 W / mK, which is also a thermal bridge breaker on the console.

The profile 5 T is metallic.

The head portion 52 of the T constitutes the flat bearing surface of the facing plates 2.

The plasterboard can thus be fixed to the profiles by coming into contact with the surface of the insulation without forming an air knife.

The glass wool 1 is held by the return wings 53 of the profile 5.

The metal section 5 can also be in L, while retaining most of the features of the T-sections described above. An L-shaped profile is practical to delimit all openings: door, bay, window ...

In the case of a heavily damaged wall ( Figure 2 ), the installation of a traditional rigid insulation (polystyrene, dense rock wool ...) would require to swallow the entire facade to have acceptable flatness.

• une console 3a est fixée sur le point le plus saillant de la façade, et le profilé 5a métallique en T est enfoncé au maximum dans la console 3a,
• les autres consoles 3b sont fixées sur le mur 0, et les profilés 5b sont plus ou moins enfoncés dans les consoles 3b, de façon à ce que tous les profilés 5a, 5b aient une planéité parfaite,
• les plaques sont ensuite vissées sur les profilés, puis recouvertes d'enduit.

This long and expensive process can be avoided here:

• a bracket 3a is fixed on the most salient point of the facade, and the metal profile 5a T is pressed as far as possible in the console 3a,
• the other consoles 3b are fixed on the wall 0, and the profiles 5b are more or less sunken in the consoles 3b, so that all the profiles 5a, 5b have a perfect flatness,
• the plates are then screwed onto the profiles and then covered with plaster.

To easily catch defects of several cm, a wedge not shown can be fixed under the consoles 3. The wedge will preferably be a block of brick or concrete, pegged and / or bonded with mortar on the wall 0.

With reference to figures 1 and 2 , it is neither excluded nor required in the context of the invention, the mineral wool 1 is fixed to the wall 0 by any means such as ankle star or equivalent.

The wall attachment system described is reliable without the need for bonding the elements of the insulation, but instead avoiding the use of components that block the passage of moisture.

The use of the consoles forming the thermal breaker ensures that the influence of the frame on the value U (heat transfer coefficient U = 1 / R _T where R _T is the total thermal resistance of the wall) representing the thermal losses of the wall is less than 3%, advantageously less than 1%.

The insulation system described is light, easy to mount and fast, and has a satisfactory behavior in the accelerated aging conditions described in ETAG 004: no change in appearance or structural is observed after the cycles heat / rain and freeze / thaw. Satisfactory mechanical strength is maintained after these stresses. Its resistance to perforation and impact is also excellent.

Claims (10)

1. System for insulating buildings from the outside, comprising :

   - insulating elements (1)

   - covered with sheets of cladding (2), which are fixed onto

   - a set of section pieces (5) attached to the wall (0) that is to be insulated,

   in which the insulating elements (1) and the section pieces (5) are held by brackets (3) comprising a substantially flat first part (31) for bearing against and attaching to the wall (0) that is to be insulated and a substantially flat second part (32) for bearing against, holding and fixing, for a substantially flat first part (51) of the section pieces (5) which comprise a substantially flat second part (52) for bearing against the sheets of cladding (2), and the brackets (3) are made of a material with a thermal conductivity of 0.5 W/m.K at most,
   characterized in that the section pieces (5) are T-sections or L-sections in which:

   - a leg part (51) is intended to be fixed bearing against a flat part (32) of a bracket (3), some adjustable distance from a wall (0) that is to be insulated, and

   - a top part (52) constitutes a flat surface for bearing against a sheet of cladding (2); the top part comprising one or two turned-back flanges (53).
2. Insulating system according to Claim 1, characterized in that the section pieces (5) are vertical and the second part (32) of the brackets (3) is positioned vertically.
3. Insulating system according to either of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second part (32) of the brackets (3) is doubled by forming a slit (34) intended to accept at least an end fraction of the first part (51) of the section pieces (5).
4. Insulating system according to Claim 3, characterized in that the slit (34) describes a line of symmetry of the free end of the second part (32) of the brackets (3).
5. Insulating system according to Claim 3, characterized in that the section pieces (5) are fixed to the brackets (3) using three aligned holes in the two walls of the slit (34) and in the first part (51) of the section pieces, respectively.
6. Insulating system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the brackets (3) have a minimum shear strength of 700 N and a minimum tensile strength of 2000 N.
7. Insulating system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the brackets are made of a fiber-reinforced resin composite and have, at least near one surface, a structure with fibers directed mainly parallel to said surface, notably derived from a mat or web of fibers impregnated with resin.
8. Insulating system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bracket (3) is made of a material that does not contribute to sustaining fire and has at least five minutes' resistance to direct exposure to fire.
9. Insulating system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bracket (3) is made of epoxy resin, polyester such as isophthalic, vinyl ester, polyimide, phenolic, polyetheretherketone, polyaryletherketone, polyphenylene sulfide, polyarylsulfone, polyethersulfone, silicone, phthalonitrile resin, alone or in mixtures of several of these resins, notably filled with glass, aramid or carbon fibers, or with additives such as fire retardants.
10. Insulating system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insulating elements (1) are based on mineral wool with a density of at most 50 kg/m³, preferably of between 7 and 40 kg/m³.

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