EP2434839B1

EP2434839B1 - Driving circuit for light emitting elements

Info

Publication number: EP2434839B1
Application number: EP11182799.4A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Ching-Chi Cheng
Original assignee: Advanced Connectek Inc
Current assignee: Advanced Connectek Inc
Priority date: 2010-09-27
Filing date: 2011-09-26
Publication date: 2016-05-04
Anticipated expiration: 2031-09-26
Also published as: US8427065B2; EP2434839A1; KR20120031878A; AU2011226896B2; US20120074857A1; TW201215230A; JP2012074693A; AU2011226896A1; CN102421217A

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is a driving circuit for light emitting elements.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Prior art for dimming technology of light-emitting elements uses pulse width modulation (PWM) to convert analog signals to digital pulses, controls an on/off time ratio of light-emitting elements and then divides into some levels. Subsequently, the light-emitting elements will display the values of bright gray scale relatively. Thus, providing a width change on a digital pulse can change output current to adjust brightness of the light-emitting elements.
U.S. Patent No. 6,989,701 discloses a PWM driving apparatus for a light emitting diode (LED) includes a saw tooth wave generator for generating a saw tooth wave signal, a comparator, a field effect transistor (FET), a first resistor, a second resistor, a power supply and an LED array. A modulation signal is provided by a modulation signal source and the saw tooth wave signal is fed to the comparator. An output of the comparator is connected to a gate terminal of the FET. The power supply is connected to a source terminal of the FET through the first resistor. A drain terminal of the FET outputs a driving current through the second resistor to the LED array.
However, the foregoing PWM driving apparatus easily causes a driving circuit of the white light-emitting elements produces a noise that the human ear can hear, because frequency of a PWM signal in the range 200 Hz to 20 kHz can be heard by the human ear. When the PWM signal is low, the driving circuit for light-emitting elements stops working. The output capacitance passes through white light-emitting elements and then discharges with the bottom resistors. Therefore, when using PWM to dim the light, the output capacitance inevitably produces large ripple. In addition, efficiency of a small duty cycle is lower when using PWM to control duty cycle.
Document EP 2 257 123 A1 discloses a light-emitting diode circuit which includes an alternating current source, a rectifier, a voltage-limiting circuit and an LED module allowing to substantially reduce fluctuations of the current flowing through the LED module when the AC voltage is unstable.
Document US 2008/0068298 A1 discloses a constant-power DC light-emitting diode driving system which comprises a plurality of LEDs, a DC voltage source for LED current generation and a constant-voltage and constant-current regulator for constant luminance control.
Document WO 2007/144365 A1 discloses a device with an electrical supply circuit with at least one electric and/or electronic component connected in series and supplied with a direct current, wherein the components in turn are connected in series to a current-rectifying module and current-regulating module, whereby the device permits connecting directly to an alternating current supply source without the need for transformers nor capacitors.
Accordingly, a new driving circuit for light emitting elements is needed to adjust resistance of a variable resistor via a microprocessor or a mechanical method and control brightness of light emitting elements by using an analog method.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The primary objective of the present invention is to adjust resistance of a variable resistor with a microprocessor or a mechanical method and control brightness of light emitting elements with an analog method.
A driving circuit for light emitting elements in accordance with the present invention comprises a rectifying unit, a first constant current unit, a first driving transistor, a first voltage control unit and at least one first light emitting element as defined in claim 1.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Fig. 1 is a driving circuit for light emitting elements in accordance with the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of a first embodiment of a limiting current circuit in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of a second embodiment of a limiting current circuit in Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of a third embodiment of a limiting current circuit in Fig. 1;
Fig. 5 is a circuit diagram of a fourth embodiment of a limiting current circuit in Fig. 1; and
Fig. 6 is a circuit diagram of a fifth embodiment of a limiting current circuit in Fig. 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

With reference to Figs. 1 to 6, a driving circuit for light emitting elements (1) in accordance with the present invention comprises a rectifying unit (10), a first constant current unit (11), a first driving transistor (12), a first voltage control unit (13), at least one first light emitting element (14), an optional second constant current unit (15), an optional second driving transistor (16), an optional second voltage control unit (17), at least one optional second light emitting element (18), an optional first capacitor (19), an optional second capacitor (20), an optional third constant current unit (21), an optional third driving transistor (22), an optional third voltage control unit (23) and at least one optional third light emitting element (24).
The rectifying unit (10) has a first terminal (100) and a second terminal (101), is connected to an external power source (2) that provides alternating current (AC) power being sinusoidal and having alternating negative and positive segments, inverts the negative segments of the AC power to positive segments and forms a pulsating direct current (DC) voltage.
The first constant current unit (11) has a first end (110) and a second end (111) and may be a bias feedback resistor or a current regulating diode. The bias feedback resistor has a variable resistance.
The first driving transistor (12) comprises a first gate (120), a first drain (121) and a first source (122). The first gate (120) connects to the second end (111) of the first constant current unit (11). The first drain (121) connects to the first terminal (100) of the rectifying unit (10) and the first end (110) of the first constant current unit (11). The first source (122) outputs a driving current according to a voltage between the first gate (120) and the first source (122).
The first voltage control unit (13) comprises a first variable resistor (130) and a first bias control element (131).
The first variable resistor (130) has a variable resistance controlling the driving current of the first driving transistor (12) and has a first terminal (1300) and a second terminal (1301). The variable resistance of the first variable resistor (130) may be adjusted by a microprocessor or a mechanical method. The first terminal (1300) connects to the first source (122).
The first bias control element (131) controls the voltage between the first gate (120) and the first source (122) according to the driving current of the first driving transistor (12), has a first end (1310) and a second end (1311) and may be a zener diode (131a) or an n type metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (nMOSFET) (131b). The first end (1310) connects to the first gate (120). The second end (1311) connects to the second terminal (1301) of the first variable resistor (130).
The zener diode (131a) has an anode (1311a) and a cathode (1310a). The anode (1311a) connects to the second terminal (1301) of the first variable resistor (130). The cathode (1310a) connects to the first gate (120).
The nMOSFET (131b) comprises a gate (1310b), a drain (1311b) and a source (1312b). The gate (1310b) of the nMOSFET (131b) connects to the first terminal (1300) of the first variable resistor (130). The drain (1311b) of the nMOSFET (131b) connects to the first gate (120). The source (1312b) of the nMOSFET (131b) connects to the second terminal (1301) of the first variable resistor (130).
The first light emitting element (14) has a first end (140) and a second end (141) and may be a red light emitting element, an organic LED, an LED or an electroluminance element. The first end (140) connects to the second terminal (1301) of the first variable resistor (130). The second end (141) connects to the second terminal (101) of the rectifying unit (10).
The second constant current unit (15) has a first end (150) and a second end (151).
The second driving transistor (16) comprises a second gate (160), a second drain (161) and a second source (162). The second gate (160) connects to the second end (151) of the second constant current unit (15). The second drain (161) connects to the first terminal (100) of the rectifying unit (10) and the first end (150) of the second constant current unit (15). The second source (162) outputs a driving current according to a voltage between the second gate (160) and the second source (162).
The second voltage control unit (17) comprises a second variable resistor (170) and a second bias control element (171).
The second variable resistor (170) has a variable resistance controlling the driving current of the second driving transistor (16) and having a first terminal (1700) and a second terminal (1701). The first terminal (1700) connects to the second source (162).
The second bias control element (171) controls the voltage between the second gate (160) and the second source (162) according to the driving current of the second driving transistor (16) and has a first end (1710) and a second end (1711). The first end (1710) connects to the second gate (160). The second end (1711) connects to the second terminal (1701) of the second variable resistor (170).
The second light emitting element (18) has a first end (180) and a second end (181) and may be a green light emitting element, an organic LED, an LED or an electroluminance element. The first end (180) connects to the second terminal (1701) of the second variable resistor (170). The second end (181) connects to the second terminal (101) of the rectifying unit (10).
The first capacitor (19) has a first end (190) and a second end (191). The first end (190) connects to the first end (110) of the first constant current unit (11). The second end (191) connects to the second end (111) of the first constant current unit (11).
The second capacitor (20) has a first end (200) and a second end (201). The first end (200) connects to the first gate (120). The second end (201) connects to the second terminal (1301) of the first variable resistor (130).
The third constant current unit (21) has a first end (210) and a second end (211).
The third driving transistor (22) comprises a third gate (220), a third drain (221) and a third source (222). The third gate (220) connects to the second end (211) of the third constant current unit (21). The third drain (221) connects to the first terminal (100) of the rectifying unit (10) and the first end (210) of the third constant current unit (21). The third source (222) outputs a driving current according to a voltage between the third gate (220) and the third source (222).
The third voltage control unit (23) comprises a third variable resistor (230) and a third bias control element (231).
The third variable resistor (230) has a variable resistance controlling the driving current of the third driving transistor (22) and has a first terminal (2300) and a second terminal (2301). The first terminal (2300) connects to the third source (222).
The third bias control element (231) controls the voltage between the third gate (220) and the third source (222) according to the driving current of the third driving transistor (22) and has a first end (2310) and a second end (2311).
The first end (2310) connects to the third gate (220). The second end (2311) connects to the second terminal (2301) of the third variable resistor (230). The third light emitting element (24) has a first end (240) and a second end (241), may be a blue light emitting element, an organic LED, an LED or an electroluminance element. The first end (240) connects to the second terminal (2301) of the third variable resistor (230). The second end (241) connects to the second terminal (101) of the rectifying unit (10).

Claims

A driving circuit for light emitting elements (1) comprising
a rectifying unit (10) having a first terminal (100) and a second terminal (101), being connected to an external power source (2) that provides alternating current (AC) power being sinusoidal and having alternating negative and positive segments, inverting the negative segments of the AC power to positive segments and forming a pulsating direct current (DC) voltage;

a first constant current unit (11) having a first end (110) and a second end (111);

a first driving transistor (12) comprising
a first gate (120) connecting to the second end (111) of the first constant current unit(10);

a first drain (121) connecting to the first terminal (100) of the rectifying unit (10) and the first end (110) of the first constant current unit (11); and

a first source (122) outputting a driving current according to a voltage between the first gate (120) and the first source (122);

a first voltage control unit (13) comprising
a first variable resistor (130) having a variable resistance controlling the driving current of the first driving transistor (12) and having
a first terminal (1300) connecting to the first source; and

a second terminal (1301); and

a first bias control element (131) controlling the voltage between the first gate (120) and the first source (122) according to the driving current of the first driving transistor (12) and having
a first end (1310) connecting to the first gate (120) ; and

a second end (1311) connecting to the second terminal (1301) of the first variable resistor (130); and

at least one first light emitting element (14) having
a first end (140) connecting to the second terminal (1301) of the first variable resistor (130); and

a second end (141) connecting to the second terminal (101) of the rectifying unit (10); characterised in that:
the first bias control element (131) is an n type metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (nMOSFET) comprising

a gate (1310b) connecting to the first terminal (1300) of the first variable resistor (130);

a drain (1311b) connecting to the first gate (120); and

a source (1312b) connecting to the second terminal (1301) of the first variable resistor (130);

the driving circuit for light emitting elements (1) further comprising
a first capacitor (19) having
a first end (190) connecting to the first end (110) of the first constant current unit (11); and

a second end (191) connecting to the second end (111) of the first constant current unit (11); and

a second capacitor (20) having
a first end (200) connecting to the first gate (120); and

a second end (201) connecting to the second terminal (1301) of the first variable resistor (130),

wherein the first constant current unit (11) is a bias feedback resistor having a variable resistance, and
wherein the variable resistance of the first variable resistor (130) is adjusted by a microprocessor.
The driving circuit for light emitting elements (1) as claimed in claim 1, further comprising
a second constant current unit (15) having a first end (150) and a second end (151);

a second driving transistor (16) comprising
a second gate (160) connecting to the second end (151) of the second constant current unit (15);

a second drain (161) connecting to the first terminal (100) of the rectifying unit (10) and the first end (150) of the second constant current unit (15); and

a second source (162) outputting a driving current according to a voltage between the second gate (160) and the second source (162);

a second voltage (17) control unit comprising
a second variable resistor (170) having a variable resistance controlling the driving current of the second driving transistor (16) and having
a first terminal (1700) connecting to the second source (162); and

a second terminal (1701); and

a second bias control element (171) controlling the voltage between the second gate (160) and the second source (162) according to the driving current of the second driving transistor (16) and having
a first end (1710) connecting to the second gate (160); and

a second end (1711) connecting to the second terminal (1701) of the second variable resistor (170); and

at least one second light emitting element (18) having
a first end (180) connecting to the second terminal (1701) of the second variable resistor (170); and

a second end (181) connecting to the second terminal (101) of the rectifying unit (10).
The driving circuit for light emitting elements (1) as claimed in claim 1, further comprising
a third constant current unit (21) having a first end (210) and a second end (211);

a third driving transistor (22) comprising
a third gate (220) connecting to the second end (211) of the third constant current unit (21);

a third drain (221) connecting to the first terminal (100) of the rectifying unit (10) and the first end (210) of the third constant current unit (21); and

a third source (222) outputting a driving current according to a voltage between the third gate (220) and the third source (222);

a third voltage control unit (23) comprising
a third variable resistor (230) having a variable resistance controlling the driving current of the third driving transistor (22) and having
a first terminal (2300) connecting to the third source; and

a second terminal (2301); and

a third bias control element (231) controlling the voltage between the third gate (220) and the third source (222) according to the driving current of the third driving transistor (22) and having
a first end (2310) connecting to the third gate (220); and

a second end (2311) connecting to the second terminal (2301) of the third variable resistor (230); and

at least one third light emitting element (24) having
a first end (240) connecting to the second terminal (2301) of the third variable resistor (230); and

a second end (241) connecting to the second terminal (101) of the rectifying unit (10).
The driving circuit for light emitting elements (1) as claimed in claim 3, wherein the first light emitting element (14) is a red light emitting element, the second light emitting element (15) is a green light emitting element and the third light emitting element (24) is a blue light emitting element.
The driving circuit for light emitting elements (1) as claimed in claim 3, wherein the first light emitting element (14), the second light emitting element (15) and the third light emitting element (24) are organic light emitting diodes (LEDs).
The driving circuit for light emitting elements (1) as claimed in claim 3, wherein the first light emitting element (14), the second light emitting element (15) and the third light emitting element (24) are LEDs.
The driving circuit for light emitting elements (1) as claimed in claim 3, wherein the first light emitting element (14), the second light emitting element (15) and the third light emitting element (24) are electroluminance elements.