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EP2412886B1 - Mehrstöckige Gebäudestruktur aus Holz - Google Patents

Mehrstöckige Gebäudestruktur aus Holz Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2412886B1
EP2412886B1 EP20110175708 EP11175708A EP2412886B1 EP 2412886 B1 EP2412886 B1 EP 2412886B1 EP 20110175708 EP20110175708 EP 20110175708 EP 11175708 A EP11175708 A EP 11175708A EP 2412886 B1 EP2412886 B1 EP 2412886B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
building structure
ribs
structure according
panel
wood
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP20110175708
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2412886A1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Claude Vinois
Hervé Vieille
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Itech Wood SA
Original Assignee
Itech Wood SA
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Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to EP20110175708 priority Critical patent/EP2412886B1/de
Publication of EP2412886A1 publication Critical patent/EP2412886A1/de
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Publication of EP2412886B1 publication Critical patent/EP2412886B1/de
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
    • E04B1/10—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of wood
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
    • E04B2001/8263—Mounting of acoustical elements on supporting structure, e.g. framework or wall surface
    • E04B2001/8272—Resiliently mounted wall cladding acting as a diaphragmatic sound damper
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
    • E04B5/12—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with wooden beams

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a new type of structure for multi-storey buildings mainly made of wood, benefiting from improved mechanical, thermal and especially anti-seismic and acoustic properties.
  • the structure of the invention is particularly applicable to the construction of multi-storey multi-family dwellings in areas prone to seismic shocks.
  • the architect has formulas that take into account laboratory values (R w , L nT, w ) that essentially reflect direct transmission through the main wall compositions.
  • the calculations thus made reflect, in practice, rarely the reality, a sign of a deep misunderstanding of the factors related to the indirect transmission of acoustic energy to the junctions (the modeling of these factors is still poorly controlled for wood constructions).
  • Wood constructions regardless of their quality in other respects, are considered by poor construction workers as poor parents with regard to acoustic performance compared to traditional masonry constructions.
  • WO 02/06606 describes a "closed" freestanding floor structure consisting of two horizontal panels interconnected by honeycomb stiffening pieces. This structure being closed, it is on the one hand impossible to access its internal volume and on the other hand the multiple mechanical connections with the upper plate cause a high acoustic wave propagation.
  • CH-695 061 proposes a staged building structure according to the preamble of claim 1 formed of two horizontal panels completely decoupled, the space between these two panels being filled with a powder material such as sand or sawdust.
  • a powder material such as sand or sawdust.
  • this type of structure seems totally unsuitable in case of earthquake (because the overall structural bracing is mediocre).
  • the presence of the powdery material favors displacements between the two panels and is therefore unfavorable for the resumption of vertical and horizontal forces.
  • EP 0 849 412 describes prefabricated elements of the closed box structure type, which, after assembly, are used for the construction of floors or walls.
  • the assembly involves the existence of many joints that are all weak points in case of a sysmic shock. These elements do not have any particular properties that are effective neither from the point of view of acoustic decoupling nor from the seismic point of view.
  • the document US 5,685,124 describes high load capacity wood panels with good thermal and acoustic properties, especially for the construction of multi-storey buildings.
  • the panels consist of ribs arranged sawtooth, sandwiched and fixed between plywood panels.
  • the triangular section volumes determined by these ribs are filled on the one hand with thermal insulation and on the other hand with a heavy load, in particular gravel, intended - in theory - to improve the acoustic insulation.
  • the ribs are actually many acoustic bridges and this system is therefore inefficient.
  • GB 1103853 discloses similar structural panels which comprise two outer plates between which a solid granular filler of high specific gravity and an elastic intermediate layer of sound insulation are inserted.
  • US 5205091 does not relate to wood structures but describes the use of a damping layer, which may be granular, arranged below tiled floors in multi-storey buildings to reduce impact noise transmissions to through these floors.
  • An object of the invention is to promote a prefabricated wooden building system immediately respecting the acoustic performance requirements between housing.
  • Another object of the invention is that this system allows rapid erection height over several floors and can use prefabrication, so as to reduce the cost.
  • Another object of the invention is the construction of wooden buildings meeting the requirements of stability, rigidity and strength required in seismic zones.
  • Another object of the invention is to be able to make large premises, with, in particular, bearing free floor areas of up to 8 m.
  • Another object of the invention is the placing on the market of buildings with a low ecological impact.
  • Another object of the invention is the development of an optimized wood structure, compact, to make the most of the volume of living rooms and to benefit from the aesthetic appearance of natural wood.
  • Another object of the invention is to reduce the volumes and transport costs.
  • Another object of the invention is to promote an improvement in the energy performance of buildings both in summer and in winter.
  • the object of the invention is a building structure with essentially wooden floors according to the wording of claim 1.
  • the ribs of such a structure are advantageously made of a material selected from solid wood, solid butted wood, engineered wood, glue-laminated wood, reconstituted wood.
  • the ribs are preferably structurally fixed to the wood panel of the table by gluing, so that the contact surface ensures the cohesion of the reconstituted panel + rib section and thus increases the mechanical inertia characteristics of the panel . If necessary, this structural bonding may be replaced or supplemented by mechanical fasteners such as screws, tips, pins, etc. possibly sealed to the resin.
  • the degree of filling in granular material of the intermediate volume between two ribs is advantageously between 20 and 100%; it is preferably greater than 40%.
  • the volume possibly remaining between the granular material and the plane determined by the upper face of the ribs is preferably filled with an acoustic quality material chosen from mineral wool, felt, cellulose flakes, PET wadding or equivalents and their mixture.
  • the granular material preferably has a low absoption rate of moisture, a specific particle size of between 1 and 8 mm and a material or package which limits its moisture content to 15%.
  • the granular material is advantageously chosen from chippings, mineral aggregates such as sand, industrial residues such as clinker, crushed concrete.
  • the plane ⁇ determined by the upper face of the ribs is advantageously surmounted by a floating slab, a layer of resilient material being interposed between this plane and the floating slab.
  • the building structure comprises at least one upper vertical wall carrying essentially wood, these walls being fixed by fastening means in line with one of the ribs lining the table.
  • a trim panel (made of wood or other material), peripheral to the table, is disposed under the end face of this at least one wall and extends horizontally on the upper face of the ribs over a width corresponding at least to the distance separating two of these ribs.
  • a resilient seal is disposed between the trim panel and the rib to which the at least one vertical wall is attached.
  • it comprises at least one upper vertical wall carrying substantially wood that goes lower than the plane ⁇ , and is fixed by means of attachment to a rib bank disposed flat on the bank of the table .
  • the volume contiguous to this ridge and at the foot of the wall is filled with a mass of granular material.
  • a resilient seal is disposed between the at least one vertical wall and the ridge rib to which it is attached.
  • the at least one vertical wall consists of laminated panels or timber framing panel.
  • the fastening means comprise an acoustically decoupled threaded rod housed in a through hole.
  • the ends of this threaded rod open into the dwellings arranged in the elements to be joined (for example, at the foot and at the top of the vertical walls of the junction).
  • An intermediate centering washer placed in a concentric housing to the through hole prevents contact between the threaded rod and the through holes, avoiding the creation of an acoustic bridge.
  • the fastening means comprise an L-shaped bracket, at least one of the wings of this bracket having perforations surrounded by a conical bevel, this wing being fixed to the structure by means of screws or bolts with conical head of corresponding dimensions, a washer of resilient material being interposed between the chamfer and the head of these screws or bolts, so as to decouple acoustically, the other wing of this bracket being fixed to the table.
  • the fixing means comprise a plurality of blind holes formed horizontally in the thickness of a vertical panel, near its base, a vertical through hole connecting the base of each of these blind holes and the underside of the vertical panel.
  • the height of a blind hole substantially corresponds to the length of an acoustically decoupled lag bolt introduced into the through hole and screwed into a rib.
  • An anti-vibratory tip of resilient material is inserted between the head of the lag bolt and the inner wall of the through hole, thereby acting as an acoustic stabilizer.
  • the panel forming the table preferably has a thickness of at least 95 mm (depending on the loads to be resumed, it can however go down to values of the order of 60 mm).
  • a thickness of at least 95 mm depending on the loads to be resumed, it can however go down to values of the order of 60 mm.
  • One of the advantages of this relatively large thickness is that the burning of wood only affects its lower surface layers, without altering the ability of the whole to support its load.
  • Another advantage of this relatively large thickness, which combines with the large width of the elements of the table, is that the assembly [ribs + panel] has de facto excellent characteristics of structural inertia, which contributes to its strength. efficiency.
  • dividing walls separate two contiguous rooms A and B, each of these rooms having its own horizontal structure, distinct vertical walls, means of assemblies and separate floating screeds.
  • the fixing means comprise an L-shaped bracket, at least one of the wings of this bracket having perforations surrounded by a conical bevel, this wing being fixed to the structure by means of screws or bolts with conical head of corresponding dimensions, a washer of resilient material being interposed between the chamfer and the head of these screws or bolts, so as to decouple them acoustically, the other wing of this bracket being fixed to the table.
  • This bracket thus ensures the mechanical joining and the vibration cut of these two structures.
  • the fastening means comprise an acoustically decoupled threaded rod housed in a through hole, the ends of this threaded rod, opening into the housings formed in the elements to be joined, being tightened by bolts supported on distribution washers, an intermediate centering washer placed in a concentric housing to the through hole to prevent contact between the threaded rod and the through holes.
  • the structure comprises a dividing wall separating two adjoining rooms A and B.
  • Each of these rooms has its own own horizontal structure of means of assemblies and separate floating screeds.
  • the edge ribs of the two adjoining floors are secured through a wedge held in the upper position by decoupled lag bolts, a resilient seal being placed above the lower wall, in line with the upper middle wall, ensuring the mutual decoupling of the structures of the junction.
  • the structure of the invention is a coherent overall approach to economically and simply regulate the safety and comfort of the occupants.
  • the Fig. 1 schematically shows the different modes of propagation of acoustic energy between two parts separated by a wall.
  • Direct transmission (arrow A) is done directly through the partition wall. It is observed that a significant part of the energy is propagated by indirect transmission, via the side walls (arrows B1, B2, B3). Finally, some of the energy is spread by air (parasitic transmission, arrow C). The junction between the walls (dotted circle K ij ) therefore plays an important role.
  • the properties of the structure of the invention are based firstly on the structure of the element separating two stages (table 1), which assumes both the function of ceiling (for a lower stage) and of the floor (for an upper stage) - These two names can be used interchangeably in the description below - and on the other hand on the connecting elements between the different parts.
  • the Fig.2 shows, in section, an embodiment of a horizontal structure 1 (ceiling / floor) of a building according to the invention.
  • the lower part of this structure 1 is a table formed by a panel 2 consisting of solid wood planks stacked in layers crossed at 90 ° and bonded structurally to each other over their entire surface (said laminated panel), whose lower face 4 forms the ceiling of a first room or a first floor.
  • This panel 2 is secured, at its upper face 6, to a series of wooden ribs 8 (seen here end). This joining is preferably done by gluing-pressing, so that the assembly [panel 2 + rib 8] reacts as a single structure, which increases the structural inertia.
  • the grit after spillage, undergoes a certain settlement (generally of the order of 8 to 12%). It is however possible to fill the rejection ribs and complete the filling after mechanical settlement, according to the requirements to be met.
  • chippings has four major advantages: it is a heavy material, which easily absorbs noises and vibrations; it is a material that has a high thermal inertia; it is a discontinuous material, which therefore has a high acoustic impedance; it is finally an easy material to move. It is therefore possible to pass sheaths and conduits without problem, even after the event.
  • the ribs 8 here have a vertical rectangular section, but one can also consider a horizontal rectangular section, square, I or C, depending on the stresses to resume.
  • the upper face of the ribs 8 determines a plane ⁇ , which corresponds to the base of the floor of the room of an upper floor.
  • the possible gap between the gravel and the plane ⁇ is filled (partially or completely) with a lightweight absorbent material 12, such as rockwool, for example.
  • the ceiling thus formed forms an open structure, which must be able to resume all solicitations (shocks, loads, etc.) from the upper floor.
  • the structure as developed is already extremely rigid, and avoids the trampoline effect, even on large spans. Note that this structure is "paradoxical" from the point of view of the skilled person, since the ribs work in compression and are therefore subject to a risk of buckling (if they are poorly sized), which would not be the case if they were classically laid out below the table.
  • a floating floor On the base formed by this structure, one can now install any form of adequate floor. Given the acoustic performance required, it is generally used a floating floor.
  • a resilient layer 14 (for example a decoupling felt) is extended along the plane ⁇ , so as to cover the gravel.
  • a floating peripheral panel 16 (made of wood, laminated or glulam, OSB or the like) of a width allowing it to rest on the two extreme ribs (8, 24) is extended to form an intermediate layer (optional) , above which we place a resilient layer 18, on which one comes to place the floating screed 20 (which can be of dry or wet type), taking care that it is nowhere in direct contact with the supporting structure, which would ruin for sure all precautions taken at this stage.
  • the elastic layer 18 rises in plinth 21 along the upper vertical wall 22 to complete the acoustic decoupling.
  • the floating peripheral panel 16 consists of 2 pieces (as shown in FIG. Fig.2 ) to facilitate the subsequent discharge of gravel on site. This peripheral panel (optional) partially and laterally deflects the acoustic energy, according to the desired attenuation K ij .
  • This feature strengthens the end of the table and facilitates the installation of fasteners, such as a bracket 26, one of whose wings 28 sits on the surface of the rib 24 projecting inwardly, the other wing 30 being fixed to the upper vertical wall 22.
  • acoustic “decoupling means” are interposed “in series” between the different parts of the structure, as can be seen in Fig. 3 .
  • an absorbent elastic layer 32 placed between the outer rib 24 and the peripheral panel 16, then a decoupling washer 33 (playing a stabilizing role) interposed between the screw head 34 with conical head and the corresponding wing 28 of the bracket 26.
  • a second elastic layer 36 (acting as an acoustic isolator) is disposed between the bracket 26 itself and the peripheral panel 16 of the structure.
  • Washer 33 provides a welcome centering function for assemblers.
  • the position of the bracket 26 can obviously be reversed, as well as that of the decoupling means 33, 36.
  • An additional resilient seal 38 (optional) is placed in a groove in the peripheral panel 16.
  • the Fig. 4 shows the structure of a building according to the invention under construction, partially in perspective and partially in section along a plane perpendicular to that of the Fig. 2 .
  • the ribs 8 are here seen longitudinally.
  • a continuous edge piece 40 (shown in perspective) dug with mortises 42 provides both sealing, vertical continuity of the structure, alignment and maintenance of the ends of the ribs 8. It closes the volumes between the ribs where the gravel will subsequently be dumped (usually by pumping).
  • the brackets 26 are here arranged on the ends of the ribs 8. Note the presence, here too, of a plate 16 peripheral to the horizontal structure 1, which creates an additional change of medium and leads to a better distribution of energy and a strengthening of the junction.
  • Fig.5 to 7 show another advantageous embodiment of the connection between a horizontal structure 1 and the facade walls 22.
  • the end rib 24 of the embodiment shown in FIGS. Figures 2 to 4 here is replaced by a bank rib 44 laid flat.
  • a conventional square 26 or a reinforced square 46 is used here.
  • a decoupling washer 33 (playing a stabilizing role) is interposed between the screw heads 34 with conical heads (bolting) and the corresponding wing of the bracket 26, 46.
  • a second elastic layer 36 (acting as an acoustic insulator) is disposed between the bracket 26, 46 itself and the structure 1.
  • a wooden tongue 48 is arranged between the brackets, so as to facilitate subsequent access to the screws 34 and constitute a support for the screed.
  • brackets 26, 46 are here arranged on the transverse rib 40 and no longer on the ribs 8.
  • the brackets 26, 46 being below the floating slab 20, there is obtained a space saving in the horizontal plane: the yoke extends 20, without obstacle, to the vertical wall 22.
  • the resilient plinth 21 interposed between the clevis 20 and the upper vertical wall 22 is extended downward so as to cover the vertical flange 30 of the bracket 26, 46.
  • the Fig.8 shows, in cross section, an alternative embodiment of the assembly of the structure according to the invention.
  • the table 2 is here fixed to the vertical wall 22 not by brackets, but by a wooden profile (or other similar material) 49 flush with the plane ⁇ .
  • a wooden profile (or other similar material) 49 flush with the plane ⁇ .
  • horizontal and vertical perforations enable this profile 49 to be fixed to the edge rib and to the vertical wall by means of lag bolts, screws or other fastening means 50.
  • the Fig. 9 is a sectional elevation of a dividing wall separating two rooms of the same floor. All components of an exterior wall assembly (as described in Fig. 2 to 8 ) are here.
  • the acoustic problem is complicated by the need to attenuate the noise and vibrations passing between two adjacent rooms. It is no longer possible to use a "simple" or “continuous” sign (through), otherwise you will get highly degraded results.
  • This problem is solved by uncoupling parts A and B between them: each has its own horizontal structure 1A and 1B, separate vertical walls 22A and 22B, means of assemblies and separate floating screeds.
  • a layer of light resilient material 52 acoustically separates the two structures thus contiguous.
  • the mechanical anchoring by anchoring of these two structures is obtained (as described above) by means of a threaded through rod which connects the two juxtaposed floors (which face each other) and opening into two cavities which are arranged (usually by ripping) in the thickness of the floor to receive on each of its ends, a washer and a clamping nut.
  • Three resilient washers provide acoustic decoupling of one floor from the other.
  • the central washer (preferably in Kevlar) also ensures the centering of the threaded rod and acts as a damping stop of the deformation movements in the slide.
  • part B it is also possible, as shown for part B, to double at least on one side the wall of a wall conventional anti-noise consisting of gypsum board 54 or fibroplâtre fixed by resilient profiles 56 and separated from the vertical wall 22 by a vacuum of about 20 mm.
  • the Fig. 10 shows a form of fastening not forming part of the invention between the panel 2 of the table 1 and the corresponding lower vertical panel 22 with the aid of a lag bolt 58.
  • the lag bolt 58 is inserted into a through-hole 60 with a diameter much greater than that of the rod 61 of the lag bolt 58. Decoupling and centering are provided on the side of the head of the lag bolt 58.
  • a resilient isolator seal 66 is interposed between the panel 2 and the top of the vertical panel 22.
  • a profile of Ceiling angle (not shown) may, if necessary, subtract this seal 66 from the users view.
  • the Fig. 11 and 12 show another method of assembly between a rib 8 of the table 1 and an upper vertical panel 22.
  • a blind hole 68 is formed (generally by ripping) in the thickness of the vertical panel 22, near his base.
  • a through hole 70 connects the base of this blind hole 68 and the underside of the panel 22.
  • the height of the blind hole 68 corresponds substantially to the length of a lag screw 72, which allows the introduction of this lag screw. 72 in the through hole 70 and its screwing into the rib 8.
  • the diameter of the lag bolt is chosen according to the stresses to be resumed.
  • a tip of resilient material 74 is inserted between the head 75 of the lag bolt 72 and the inner wall of the through hole 70, thereby acting as an acoustic stabilizer and centering.
  • the head 75 of the lag screw has a slight taper so as to favor the centering of the rod in the through hole 70.
  • the through hole 70 has a diameter much greater than that of the rod of the lag bolt 72.
  • a bearing washer 76 (optional) (shown in FIG. Fig. 12 ) makes it possible to distribute the loads on a larger surface of wood.
  • the fastener is closer to the axis of the panel 22 (and / or the axis of a support column), the reversal torque of the panel 22 is more symmetrical.
  • the presence of the assembly is hidden by a plinth 78 or a decorative panel. It is therefore possible to control the state of fixation after an earthquake.
  • the Fig. 13 and 14 each show a connection and decoupling mode, respectively between two wall elements ( Fig. 13 ) and floor ( Fig. 14 ).
  • This mode of connection is particularly suitable for buildings highly exposed to the earthquake and / or having a large number of floors (The present structure makes it possible to easily reach heights of 20 floors).
  • It comprises a threaded rod 80, housed in a through hole 82, (of a diameter greater than that of the threaded rod 80) passing right through the rim ribs (24) of a floor 1.
  • a threaded rod 80 housed in a through hole 82, (of a diameter greater than that of the threaded rod 80) passing right through the rim ribs (24) of a floor 1.
  • each end of the threaded rod 80 opens into a housing 84 (usually formed by cutting).
  • These dwellings 84 are arranged at the foot and at the top of the vertical walls 22 of the junction.
  • each of the ends of the threaded rod opens on the distal face of one of the ribs 24 to be secured.
  • Centering means 64 (on the Fig.13 , an intermediate washer, on the Fig. 14 , a tip), placed in a concentric housing to the through hole 82 avoids contact between the rod 80 and a rigid element of the structure, avoiding the creation of an acoustic bridge.
  • Clamping is performed at each end of the rod 80, by means of a nut 86 pressing a metal washer 88, putting the required pressure on an antivibration washer 90 that it overcomes. This clamping also ensures the loading of the elastic seal (s) 66 placed against the floor.
  • An advantage of this mode of connection is that a control of the junctions (clamping and state of the decoupling washers acoustic) is always possible after a possible earthquake.
  • a single resilient seal 66 located above the floor is sufficient under the upper vertical wall. There is therefore no need for joint on the lower vertical wall, which is an advantage if the occupant wishes to take advantage of the decorative appearance of the wood, because no resilient seal is visible on the ceiling of the lower room.
  • This fastening device is particularly suitable for a building with 20 floors subjected to considerable seismic efforts.
  • the fig.15 presents another advantageous embodiment for a common wall separating two rooms of the same floor.
  • Fig.9 all the constituent elements of an exterior wall assembly are found, but the acoustic problem is complicated by the need to attenuate the noise and vibrations passing between two adjacent rooms.
  • Fig. 9 here we opted for a simple separation wall, which allows in particular to keep a "wood" finish of the walls, and to obtain a smaller footprint, without degrading the sound insulation or seismic performance.
  • the rib ribs 24 of the two contiguous floors 1A, 1B are secured through a wedge 92 placed in the upper position (for example 8 mm multiplex) by decoupled lag bolts 50 (symbolized in the drawing by simple lines ).
  • This wedge 92 deflects the lateral transmission, which has to travel a very long way (see the arrow on the fig.15 ), given the presence of a resilient seal 94 above the lower wall.
  • a single structural resilient seal 94 (6 to 8 mm) is sufficient (one could even, at the limit, remove it if one accepts that the R Ff "flanking" ceiling does not exceed 54 dB), which is an advantage for the anti-seismic aspect (and also for the aesthetics) of the structure.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Claims (18)

  1. Mehrstöckige Gebäudestruktur, im Wesentlichen aus Holz, umfassend:
    - eine Platte (1), bestehend aus einem Holzpaneel (2), wobei die untere Fläche (4) dieser Platte (1) die Decke eines Raums eines ersten Stocks bildet, wobei die obere Fläche dieser Platte (1) die Basis eines Fußbodens eines Raums einer Stocks über dem ersten Stock bildet;
    - eine Vielzahl von Rippen aus Holz (8), die strukturell fest mit der oberen Seite dieses Paneels (2) verbunden sind, wobei die Einheit aus Paneel (2) und Rippe (8) eine selbsttragende Struktur vom offenen Typ bildet, bei der die Platte (1) in Erweiterung und die Rippen (8) in Kompression arbeiten, wobei der obere Teil dieser Rippen (8) eine Ebene (α) bestimmt;
    - eine Ladung aus Granulat (10), die in den zwischenliegenden Volumina angeordnet ist, die von der oberen Seite des mindestens einen Paneels (2) und den Seiten gegenüber von zwei benachbarten Rippen (8) bestimmt sind,
    wobei die Struktur dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass:
    (a) das Paneel aus Holz (2) aus Tafeln aus massivem Holz zusammengesetzt ist, die in Schichten, die in einem 90°-Winkel gekreuzt und auf ihrer gesamten Fläche strukturell untereinander geklebt sind, gestapelt sind, dadurch, dass
    (b) die Ladung aus Granulat (10) eine Dichte zwischen 1100 und 1700 kg/m3 aufweist und dadurch, dass
    (c) die Struktur mindestens eine tragende obere vertikale Wand (22), im Wesentlichen aus Holz, aufweist, wobei diese mindestens eine obere vertikale Wand (22) durch Befestigungsmittel (26) in der Lotgeraden einer Kantenrippe (24, 44) befestigt ist, die am Ende der Platte (1) angeordnet ist, wobei eine elastische Dichtung (32, 38, 66) zwischen der oberen vertikalen Wand (22) und der Kantenrippe (24, 44), an der sie befestigt ist, angeordnet ist.
  2. Gebäudestruktur nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rippen (8) aus einem Material bestehen, ausgewählt aus massivem Holz, massivem zusammengefügtem Holz, Leimholz, verleimtem Schichtholz, Holzwerkstoff.
  3. Gebäudestruktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rippen (8) durch eine strukturelle Pressklebung an der Platte (1) befestigt sind.
  4. Gebäudestruktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rate der Füllung mit Granulat (10) des zwischenliegenden Volumens zwischen zwei Rippen (8) zwischen 20 und 100 % liegt.
  5. Gebäudestruktur nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rate der Füllung mit Granulat (10) des zwischenliegenden Volumens zwischen zwei Rippen (8) höher als 40 % ist.
  6. Gebäudestruktur nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das verbleibende Volumen zwischen dem Granulat (10) und der Ebene (α), die von der oberen Seite der Rippen (8) bestimmt wird, mindestens teilweise mit einem Material (12) mit akustischer Qualität gefüllt ist, ausgewählt aus Mineralwolle, Filz, PET-Watte oder Äquivalenten und ihrer Mischung.
  7. Gebäudestruktur nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Granulat (10) eine spezifische Granulometrie zwischen 1 und 8 mm aufweist.
  8. Gebäudestruktur nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Granulat (10) ausgewählt ist aus Kies, Mineralgranulaten wie z.B. Sand, industriellen Rückständen wie z.B. Krätze, gebrochenem Beton.
  9. Gebäudestruktur nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ebene (α), die von der oberen Seite der Rippen (8) bestimmt wird, von einem schwimmenden Estrich (20) überragt wird, wobei eine Schicht aus flexiblem Material (18) zwischen diese Ebene (α) und dem schwimmenden Estrich (20) eingefügt ist.
  10. Gebäudestruktur nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Tellerpaneel (16), peripher zur Platte (1), unter der Seite am Ende dieser mindestens einen oberen vertikalen Wand (22) angeordnet ist, und sich auf der oberen Seite der Rippen (8) auf einer Breite erstreckt, die mindestens dem Abstand entspricht, der zwei dieser Rippen (8) trennt.
  11. Gebäudestruktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mindestens eine obere vertikale Wand (22) weiter nach unten als die Ebene (α) reicht, wobei die Kantenrippe (44) am Ende der Platte abgeflacht angeordnet ist, wobei das Volumen, dieser Kantenrippe (44) benachbart und am Fuß der oberen vertikalen Wand (22), mit einer Masse aus Granulat (10) gefüllt ist.
  12. Gebäudestruktur nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mindestens eine vertikale Wand (22) aus Leimholzpaneelen oder aus Holzrahmenpaneelen besteht.
  13. Gebäudestruktur nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Befestigungsmittel (26) einen akustisch entkoppelten Gewindebolzen umfassen, der in einem Durchgangsloch angebracht ist, wobei die Enden dieser Gewindebolzen, die in die Aufnahmen münden, die in den zu verbindenden Elementen angeordnet sind, von Klauenschrauben angezogen sind, die auf Unerlegscheiben aufliegen, wobei eine Zwischen-Zentrierscheibe, die in einer konzentrischen Aufnahme zum Durchgangsloch angeordnet ist, ermöglicht, jeden Kontakt zwischen dem Gewindebolzen und den Querlöchern zu vermeiden.
  14. Gebäudestruktur nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Befestigungsmittel (26) einen L-förmigen Winkel (26) umfassen, wobei mindestens einer der Flügel (28, 30) dieses Winkels (26) Perforationen aufweist, die von einer konischen Abfasung umgeben sind, wobei dieser Flügel (28) mit Hilfe von Schrauben oder Klauenschrauben mit konischem Kopf (34) mit entsprechenden Abmessungen an die Struktur befestigt ist, wobei eine Unterlegscheibe aus elastischem Material (33) zwischen der Abfassung und dem Kopf dieser Schrauben oder Klauenschrauben (34) angebracht ist, um sie akustisch zu entkoppeln, wobei der andere Flügel (30, 28) dieses Winkels an die Platte (1) befestigt ist.
  15. Gebäudestruktur nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Befestigungsmittel eine Vielzahl von Sacklöchern (68) umfassen, die horizontal in der Dicke eines vertikalen Paneels (22), nahe seiner Basis, angeordnet sind, wobei ein vertikales Durchgangsloch (70) die Basis jedes dieser Sacklöcher (68) und die untere Seite des vertikalen Paneels (22) verbindet, wobei die Höhe des Sacklochs (68) im Wesentlichen der Länge eines akustisch entkoppelten Gewindeelements (72, 80) entspricht, das in das Durchgangsloch (70) eingeführt und in eine Rippe (8) geschraubt ist, wobei ein Ansatzstück aus elastischem Material (74) zwischen dem Kopf (75) des Gewindeelements (72, 80) und der inneren Wand eines Durchgangslochs (72) eingeführt ist.
  16. Gebäudestruktur nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Paneel (2), das die Platte bildet, eine Dicke von mindestens 95 mm aufweist.
  17. Gebäudestruktur nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, die eine Zwischenwand umfasst, die zwei benachbarte Räume A und B trennt, wobei jeder dieser Räume seine eigene horizontale Struktur (1A, 1B) aufweist, getrennte Montagemittel und schwimmende Estriche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kantenrippen (24) der zwei benachbarten Fußböden 1 über einen Keil (92) fest miteinander verbunden sind, der durch entkoppelte Schwellenschrauben in seiner oberen Position gehalten wird.
  18. Gebäudestruktur nach Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine elastische Dichtung (94) über der unteren Wand angebracht ist, in der Lotgeraden der oberen Zwischenwand, und die gegenseitige Entkoppelung der Strukturen der Verbindung sicherstellt.
EP20110175708 2010-07-28 2011-07-28 Mehrstöckige Gebäudestruktur aus Holz Not-in-force EP2412886B1 (de)

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NL129749C (de) 1964-03-31
US5205091A (en) 1980-03-18 1993-04-27 Brown John G Modular-accessible-units and method of making same
US4310996A (en) * 1980-04-23 1982-01-19 General Electric Co. Cement reinforced gypsum foam with mineral wool
US5685124A (en) 1994-04-21 1997-11-11 Jandl, Jr.; Adolf Wall, ceiling or roof elements with heat insulation properties on one side and sound insulation properties on the other
DE19653809A1 (de) * 1996-12-21 1998-06-25 Lignotrend Holzblocktafel Syst Holzbautafel für Decken, Wände und Dächer
CH695061A5 (de) * 1999-09-24 2005-11-30 Lignum Holzwirtschaft Schweiz Trittschalldämmende Holzdecke.
AT411372B (de) * 2000-07-17 2003-12-29 Wiesner Erich Dr Bauelement und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
DE20017574U1 (de) * 2000-10-09 2001-01-25 Wiegand, Thomas, 08301 Schlema Gebäudewandungsteile, insbesondere Wände, Böden, Decken o.dgl. sowie Elemente davon mit Dickstofffüllung
DE20104144U1 (de) * 2001-03-09 2001-08-09 Hönle & Partner GmbH, 91710 Gunzenhausen Zementschaumdämmung für Holzbalkendecken
DE10227327B4 (de) * 2002-06-19 2011-06-16 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Geschoßdecke
DE102005051255A1 (de) * 2005-10-11 2007-04-12 Kurt Held Faserplatten-Hochbauelement
WO2007091899A1 (en) * 2006-02-10 2007-08-16 Combino As Elements/slabs based on solid wood elements reinforced with concrete
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