EP2408568A1

EP2408568A1 - Electrode assembly for an electrostatic atomizer

Info

Publication number: EP2408568A1
Application number: EP10709704A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Hans-Jürgen Nolte; Andreas Fischer; Peter Marquardt; Jürgen BERKOWITSCH; Joachim Schneider
Original assignee: Duerr Systems AG
Current assignee: Duerr Systems AG
Priority date: 2009-03-19
Filing date: 2010-03-19
Publication date: 2012-01-25
Anticipated expiration: 2030-03-19
Also published as: MX2011009443A; CN102427888B; PL2408568T3; JP5735953B2; KR101791844B1; EP2408568B2; KR20120000083A; HUE032503T2; PL2408568T5; BRPI1009509A2; US20120006916A1; WO2010105849A1; ZA201106751B; ES2619838T5; RU2011142148A; MX344930B; US9901942B2; US20180141062A1; ES2619838T3; BRPI1009509B1

Abstract

The invention relates to an electrode assembly for an electrostatic atomizer, in particular for a rotation atomizer, having an electrode holder arrangement (101) for holding at least one electrode (108) creating an electrostatic field about a symmetrical axis (105), wherein there is a dielectric material for influencing a discharge current component extending in the direction of the symmetrical axis.

Description

DESCRIPTION

Electrode arrangement for an electrostatic atomizer

The invention relates to the field of coating workpieces by means of electrostatically assisted atomization, in particular by means of electrostatic rotation dusting.

For coating of workpieces such as vehicle bodies electrostatic atomizers, in particular electrostatic Rotationszerstauber be used with so-called external charging, in which a Abspruhstrahl is exposed to an electrostatic field generated by external electrodes. The paint droplets are charged by ion accumulation and transported to, for example, grounded workpiece, as described for example in the publications DE 10202711 Al and EP 1 362 640 Bl.

The documents US 2007/0039546 A1, US Pat. No. 5,163,625 A, US Pat. No. 5,044,564 A, DE 102 05 593 A1, DE 37 09 508 A1, DE 36 09 240 A1 and DE 10 2005 000 983 A1 disclose further electrostatic coating devices.

A disadvantage of the known Außenaufladungskonzepte is that the need for generating the electrostatic field outer electrodes, the coating of narrow areas and narrow spaces such. As in the interior of workpieces or in the interior of a vehicle door or in the entry areas of the vehicle body, or complicate the coating of closely related items on a goods carrier, especially attachments with little distance, such as bumpers, due to their size. In addition, an expensive and expensive, usually complex, electrical isolation especially when using conductive paints z. As waterborne paints or niederoh- ligen solvent paints especially with a high solids content due to compact design necessary. Furthermore, such electrostatic atomizers are difficult to clean because the commonly used six to eight external electrode fingers which form the external electrodes must be individually cleaned or exchanged. Moreover, in a direct charging application in a compact design in which not yet atomized paint is placed directly on high voltage potential, an expensive and expensive, usually complex, electrical isolation, especially in the use of conductive paints z. As water-based paints, necessary.

It is the object of the present invention to provide an external charging concept for an electrostatic atomizer, which covers both the inner coating and the outer coating of workpieces, in particular of vehicle bodies and attachments, such as bumpers, as well as a simple cleaning of the electrostatic atomizer allows.

This object is achieved by the features of the independent patent claims. Advantageous forms of further development are the subject of the dependent claims.

The invention is based on the finding that an efficient external charging concept, which enables both the inside / Detail coating (ie, an interior coating and / or detail coating) as well as the external coating of workpieces can be realized by an electrode arrangement with, for example, an electrode ring _^ can. The electrodes of the electrode assembly are for generating a provided electrostatic field, which contributes to the formation of at least a housing surface flowing discharge currents. In the direction of the axis of symmetry, ie in the direction of the symmetry axis, for example in the direction of an axis of symmetry of the electrode arrangement or of the electrode ring or in the direction of a spray element arranged around the axis of symmetry, for example a bell cup or a spray jet axis, or in the direction of a robot hand axis Discharge current component of a discharge current targeted dielectrically influenced, especially steamed. In particular, both directions of the respective axis can be taken into account.

In particular, the invention makes it possible to minimize or avoid unwanted or parasitic discharges, whereby advantageously increased charging of the coating agent or the spray jet can be achieved. As a result, the dimensions of the electrostatic atomizers can be reduced, which simplifies the accessibility of hard-to-reach interior body parts. At the same time, the electrodes can be arranged such that the same electrostatic atomizer can be used both for interior painting and for exterior painting. In addition, in the case of a modular design of the electrostatic atomizer, for example, an electrode arrangement which can be connected in modular fashion to the electrostatic atomizer (preferably releasably, for example by means of a thread) can be adapted to the respective purpose, so that, for example, an electrode arrangement can be used for the interior painting smaller dimensions and for external painting an electrode assembly with larger dimensions can be used. Furthermore, telescopically displaceable electrodes may be provided, for example, which are ejected for exterior painting by means of compressed air, for example. ben can be. In addition, the electrode arrangement can have electrodes with different lengths and / or angles of inclination with respect to the axis of symmetry.

According to one aspect, the invention relates to an arrangement for one or more electrodes or an electrode arrangement for an electrostatic atomizer, for example for a electrostatic Rotationszerstauber, with an Elektor- rodenhalterungseinrichtung for supporting at least one electrostatic field generating electrode about an axis of symmetry, for example, a dielectric Material can be provided, preferably for influencing a extending in the direction of the axis of symmetry discharge current component of a discharge current. In particular, the electrode arrangement is provided for external charging of coating agent and particularly suitable for external charging of coating agent in the inner / detail coating and / or the outer coating. The electrode assembly may include one or more electrodes for receiving one or more electrodes.

The electrode arrangement and / or the electrode holder device and / or the dielectric material preferably has a central axis. The symmetry axis preferably corresponds to the center axis of the electrode arrangement and / or the electrode holder device and / or the dielectric material.

The axis of symmetry may be, for example, an axis of symmetry, in particular a rotation axis, of the electrode holder device, which may be configured, for example, rotationally symmetrical, in particular annular. However, the axis of symmetry may be an axis of symmetry of, for example, a rotationally symmetrical electrostatic field. About that In addition, in the case of electrostatic rotary dusting, the axis of symmetry may be fixed by a spray direction of a jet sprayed through a spray element, or by an axis of a turbine shaft which drives the spray element, for example a bell cup. The aforementioned symmetry axes can also coincide, in particular with rotary atomizers, to form a common axis of symmetry.

The discharge current component extending towards the symmetry axis can propagate in particular at an arbitrary angle to the axis of symmetry and, for example, directly in the direction of the axis of symmetry, for example perpendicular thereto, or at an angle which is less than 90 °, or along a housing surface or along a housing surface propagate or extend the electric field lines given way or on any path to the symmetry axis.

The dielectric material may be, for example, an insulating material having a dielectric constant different from or exceeding that of the air. The dielectric material is preferably provided to influence the discharge current component extending in the direction of the axis of symmetry, and is in particular arranged around the grounded or low-potential components (eg, blower element, drive turbine, bearing device, hand axis, etc.). to isolate, whereby the current flow can be selectively changed and / or minimized and / or interrupted. The insulation of the grounded components for example, the current flow is changed or prevented, which also reduces wear, but the flow of current through the dusted paint are positively influenced. Due to the dielectric material For example, a propagation path of the discharge current is extended toward the axis of symmetry, whereby an extension of a discharge path is effected, so that the electrode arrangement can also be used for interior painting. In particular, the dielectric material is provided on the at least one electrode, that during operation of the atomizer insulation to the rear (eg in the direction of the hand axis or hand axis side or in the relative to the Abspruhelement opposite direction or to the relative to the Abspruhelement opposite side) and / or to (radially) inside (eg in

Towards the drive turbine or other internal atomizing technology) and / or to the front (for example, on the spraying element side or in the direction of the spraying element) and / or towards (radially) outside (for example in the direction away from the drive turbine). Thus, it is possible to reduce or avoid unwanted (parasitic) discharges, whereby preferably the charging of the coating agent can be increased. The inventive concept is also particularly advantageous for use in a Lackierkabine, for example in a universal cabin or in a Lackierbox. In particular, the concept of the invention may be used in a box concept which is described in the publication WO 2007/131660 A1, the content of which is attributable to the content of the present specification.

According to one embodiment, the dielectric material is asymmetrically arranged or formed, for example, with respect to a holder which can be held or held by the electrode holding device, so that the discharge current component extending in the direction of the axis of symmetry can be influenced in a targeted manner. The dielectric material may, for example, be bulged toward the symmetry axis, which advantageously effects a direction-dependent influencing of the discharge current component. According to one embodiment, the electrode arrangement comprises at least one electrode, which can be coupled to the electrode holder for generating the electrostatic field, in particular mechanically and / or electrically. The at least one electrode may be embedded or plugged or plugged into the electrode support means at least partially or completely, or down to an electrode end which may be between about 1 mm to 5 mm in length, or completely or substantially completely. The at least one electrode can furthermore be completely or nearly completely recessed in the electrode holder means or in at least one electrode accommodating space. In such cases, the dielectric material may be, for example, an integral part of the electrode holding device, which may be or consists of a dielectric material.

Preferably, at least one electrode and / or at least one electrode receiving space is housed in the Elektrodenhalterungsem- direction.

According to an embodiment, resistors with a length of about 30 mm or between about 30 mm to 100 mm, and / or a diameter of about 8 mm or in an insulating material of the electrode holder device or in the dielectric material may be provided in the electrode holder be embedded between approximately 6 mm and 12 mm in an insulating medium. As a result, voltage overturning can be prevented in an advantageous manner. There may be provided a resistor or a plurality of resistors. The resistor may, for example, be a resistance element that is realized from partially conductive plastic or a semiconductor, which preferably permanently supplies the substantially same resistance value as a commercial thick-film resistor.

The electrode arrangement may have one or a plurality of preferably cylindrical or hulsenformigen resistance-receiving means for receiving at least one resistor. The at least one resistance-receiving means may be provided with an insulating medium, e.g. coated or filled. In particular, the at least one resistor can be coated or encased by an insulating medium or embedded in an insulating medium. The resistance-receiving means, in particular its receiving space, can be provided with a closure means, preferably made of plastic, e.g. a cap, be formed closable, whereby it can be prevented that e.g. liquid insulating medium emerges. The at least one resistor and / or the at least one resistance-receiving means can be arranged substantially parallel to the axis of symmetry.

The insulating medium or insulating fluid may be e.g. to deal with lipids (oils, fats, etc.). The insulating medium may be gaseous (e.g., SFβ), solid, liquid, or fluid. It is also possible to use potting compound or suitable adhesives as insulating medium. The insulating medium should include very good insulating properties. It is also possible to embed the parts to be insulated (e.g., the electrodes, the resistors, etc.) directly in insulating or dielectric material.

The electrode mounting device preferably comprises at least one, for example, cylindrical or sleeve-shaped gene receiving space for receiving an electrode. The electrode arrangement preferably comprises at least one electrode and / or at least one electrode receiving space, which is arranged at an angle relative to the axis of symmetry and / or extends obliquely outwards and / or forwards. Thus, the electrode and / or the electrode receiving space are preferably arranged non-parallel to the axis of symmetry. According to one embodiment, the electrode arrangement comprises at least one electrode (or at least one electrode receiving space) which can be mechanically and / or electrically coupled to the electrode holding device for generating the electrostatic field, wherein an angle between the at least one electrode and the axis of symmetry greater than 0 ° and not large, preferably less than 90 ° or 180 °, for example greater than about 40 °, 45 ° or 50 ° and / or less than about 60 °, 65 ° or 70 °, in particular about 55 ° , It is also possible that the angle has negative values up to about -90 °.

The electrodes or the electrode receiving spaces can thus be arranged in particular obliquely or angled to the axis of symmetry, for example, extending forwardly and / or outwardly, but also to the front and / or inwardly extending. Even an extension to the outside and / or to the rear is possible.

Furthermore, the electrodes or electrode receiving spaces can be arranged substantially parallel or non-parallel or skewed to the symmetry axis. When the arrangement is not parallel to the symmetry axis, angles between 0 ° and +/- 180 ° are possible. It is also possible for the axis of symmetry and at least one electrode receiving space and / or at least one electrode to extend in a fictitious common plane.

This advantageously ensures that the electrode arrangement with the electrode arranged therein can be used both for the inner coating and for the outer coating.

According to one embodiment, the electrode arrangement comprises at least one electrode which can be mechanically and / or electrically coupled to the electrode holder for generating the electrostatic field, wherein the dielectric material is arranged between the at least one electrode and the axis of symmetry or at least one Asymmetric enclosing electrode or not enclosing or only partially encloses. The dielectric material may, for example, be shaped in the shape of a dielectric bead or a dielectric projection, in particular a collar-shaped projection. As a result, an advantageous influencing of the discharge current component of the discharge current pointing towards the symmetry axis is made possible by extending a propagation path to the symmetry axis along the dielectric and / or (in the operation of the atomizer) an insulation to the rear (eg hand axis side or in the direction of the hand axis). in the direction away from the Abspruhelement direction). It is possible for the dielectric material, in particular the dielectric bead or the dielectric projection, for example, to project outwardly and / or forwardly obliquely or curved, eg, to expand conically and / or be arranged coaxially to the axis of symmetry, in particular to be annular around the axis of symmetry extend. The dielectric or insulating material may be substantially annular with or without interruptions. be seen. It is also possible for the at least one electrode to extend into the ridge or protrusion and even protrude from the ridge or protrusion.

According to one embodiment, the dielectric material is provided to affect or not to influence or less to vaporize a further discharge current component, which is oppositely directed with respect to the aforementioned discharge current component, than the discharge current component facing toward the symmetry axis to steam. As a result, a current discharge path is advantageously lengthened toward the axis of symmetry, so that the electrode arrangement as a whole can have more compact dimensions, which are advantageous for the inner coating.

According to one embodiment, the electrode holding device is, for example, formed annularly around the axis of symmetry so that the axis of symmetry coincides with an axis of rotation of the electrode holder device. The axis of symmetry may be that axis about which the electrostatic field, which may be generated by a plurality of electrodes arranged around the axis of symmetry and electrically and / or mechanically coupled to the electrode mounting device, may extend coronally, for example. In particular, the electrostatic field is extendable in the direction of the axis of symmetry. In a symmetrical electrode arrangement, both axes of symmetry preferably coincide, so that the dielectric material can only be formed with respect to a symmetry axis. If the aforementioned symmetry axes do not coincide, the dielectric material may be provided to take into account only one of the axes of symmetry. Furthermore, the dielectric material may be referred to lent both symmetry axes as described above.

Preferably, in the assembled state of the atomizer or when the electrode arrangement is mounted, the axis of symmetry coincides (coaxially) with the central axis of a spray element and / or a center axis of the atomizer (eg, a center axis of a sprayer housing element or a housing element) and / or a rotation axis of the atomizer ). Preferably, the previous central axes at least merge into one another or intersect. In particular, in the assembled state of the atomizer or with the electrode arrangement mounted, an inner circumference of the electrode arrangement is in contact with an outer circumference of a housing element of the atomizer in order to ensure a compact atomizer structure.

The electrode arrangement and / or the electrode holder device and / or the dielectric material may preferably be attached to the front side, in particular on an end face of the atomizer (preferably a nebulizer housing element), preferably in annular contact and / or thread-like or other attachment.

According to one embodiment, the electrode arrangement comprises a plurality of electrode receiving spaces and / or a plurality of electrodes arranged around the axis of symmetry and electrically and / or mechanically coupled to the electrode mounting device, wherein the ends of the plurality of electrodes facing away from the electrode mounting device are arranged along one Circular path are arranged. A ratio of a radius of the circular path to a radius of a cross-section of a spray-off element of the electrostatic atomizer, in particular a bell crank, is preferred. of a rotary atomizer, or to a radius of a cross section of the electrode holder. For example, the ratio within a tolerance range, for example ± π / 4, is equal to π. However, the behavior ms can lie within a range of ratios, in particular ± 1% or ± 2%, between 2 and 4 or between 2.5 and 3.5 or between 3 and 3.2. Alternatively or in addition, a ratio of a product of a radius of the circular path and a distance of the circular path to a spray element of the electrostatic atomizer, for example to a bell cup or to a bellcrank edge, to a squared diameter of this Abspruhelements in a range between 2 π and 4 π lie. By this design rule, an advantageous distance of the electrode ends is determined with respect to the Abspruhelementes.

According to one embodiment, the electrode arrangement comprises at least one electrode which is mechanically and / or electrically coupled to the electrode holder device for generating the electrostatic field. The at least one electrode preferably comprises a variable electrode length or at least one movable electrode section, which can be telescoped onto or pushed into another electrode section. The veranderba- reindeer length can be adjusted for example by means of compressed air, so that, for example, a ring electrode assembly for exterior and interior painting can be adapted in an advantageous manner.

According to one embodiment, the electrode arrangement comprises at least one electrode, which is electrically and / or mechanically coupled to the electrode holder for generating the electrostatic field. The at least one electrode is preferably provided with a dielectric material. al, symmetric or asymmetric, encased, which may be, for example, polytetrafluoroethylene. As a result, an isolation of the electrode fingers is realized in an advantageous manner.

According to one embodiment, the electrode arrangement comprises a thread, which can preferably be provided coaxially to the central axis and / or axis of symmetry.

For example, the thread may be provided with insulating medium (e.g., insulating grease such as petroleum jelly), thereby improving insulation, which contributes to directional dissipation or prevention or minimization of the discharge current. The thread can furthermore be provided to connect the electrode holding device to a housing of an electrostatic atomizer preferably detachably by means of a threaded engagement. The thread may be further formed of an insulating or dielectric material, whereby the insulation properties can be further improved. The thread can be made conical to a

To create self-locking. Preferably, the thread is arranged coaxially to the axis of symmetry. It is possible for the thread to extend around the electrode arrangement and / or the electrode holder device and / or the axis of symmetry. The thread may be provided with or provided with insulating medium, preferably for preventing or minimizing a discharge current or a discharge current component. Furthermore, the thread can be provided to achieve a preferably increased discharge path and / or a discharge current labyrinth (eg from a high voltage part such as an electrode tip to a lower voltage part such as a bell cup or a grounded part Drive turbine), and in particular to an insulation inside and / or rear or to reduce or avoid unwanted discharges.

According to one embodiment, the electrode holder device comprises a first electrical connection or a first electrical connection

Connecting ring for contacting at least one electrode. The first electrical terminal may further comprise a resistor or has a resistance to effect an electrical resistance adjustment of the electrode. The first electrical connection can furthermore be provided to contact a plurality of electrodes, for which purpose one or more resistors can be provided. The electrode arrangement or the electrode holder device comprises a second electrical connection or a connection ring corresponding thereto for contacting the first electrical connection, wherein the second electrical connection is guided to the outside or accessible from the outside.

The electrode arrangement and / or the electrode holder means and / or the dielectric material are preferably formed substantially annularly around the axis of symmetry or arranged coaxially to the axis of symmetry. The electrode assembly and / or the electrode support assembly and / or the dielectric material and / or the first and / or second diaphragms mentioned below may define a central opening for receiving a portion of the nebulizer (eg, a housing member of the nebulizer, such as a storage unit or drive turbine) harbors) and / or for the passage of a coating agent or other internal Zerstaubertechnik (eg paint / Luftzufuhrungen, etc).

Preferably, one or more electrode receiving spaces are connected to one or more resistance receiving means. Similarly, one or more electrodes may have one or more electrodes be associated with several resistances. The resistor (s) may be provided to be connected to a charging member provided in a sputtering housing member, preferably a charging ring. In particular, one or more electrode receiving spaces and / or electrodes and / or resistance receiving means and / or resistors can be arranged at a distance from the central axis and / or the axis of symmetry. Preferably, a plurality of electrode receiving chambers and / or electrodes and / or resistance receiving means and / or resistors are provided around the central axis and / or the symmetry axis, preferably uniformly spaced from one another in the circumferential direction.

The electrode arrangement and / or the electrode holder arrangement may comprise a first panel and / or a second panel. The first panel and / or the second panel may be provided substantially annular. Preferably, the first diaphragm and / or the second diaphragm is arranged substantially coaxially and / or parallel to the axis of symmetry. Preferably, the first aperture has a larger diameter than the second aperture. It is possible that the at least one resistance-receiving means and / or the at least one resistor is arranged between the first diaphragm and the second diaphragm. Preferably, the aperture can have the thread. The thread is preferably provided on the outer periphery of the first panel. Preferably, the second aperture is thicker or thicker than the first aperture. The first and / or second diaphragm is preferably formed of dielectric or insulating material. The first and / or second aperture may be provided to form a sandwich, in particular with an atomizer housing element provided with at least one corresponding aperture. The electrode arrangement, the electrode holder device and / or the dielectric material may have a substantially circular section and / or at least one (preferably oblique, curved or otherwise outwardly and / or forwardly, in particular substantially conically) widening and / or or projecting section. Preferably, the at least one widening section is provided as the electrode mounting device, in which preferably at least one electrode and / or at least one electrode accommodating space are accommodated. In a preferred embodiment, the electrode assembly may consist of the annular portion and the widening portion. The widening section can preferably have a substantially conical shape (for example with a straight-lined jacket shell or curved jacket line), funnel-shaped, plate-edge-shaped or rotationally hyperboloid (ring) -formed. Preferably, a single flared portion is provided which is annularly formed about the axis of symmetry and / or coaxial with the axis of symmetry. However, it is also possible for the widening section to have a multiplicity of interruptions and thus consequently to encompass several sections or consist of several sections which, for example, can likewise project outwards and / or forwards, in particular in the circumferential direction may be spaced apart from each other and may be aligned substantially parallel or not parallel or skewed to the axis of symmetry. In particular, the expanding portion may extend from the substantially circular portion. The flared portion is preferably projecting (and / or expanding relative to the annular portion and / or relative to the atomizer) toward (radially) outwardly and / or (axially) forwardly. Preferably, the substantially kreisnngformige section comprises the thread and / or at least one resistor and / or at least one resistance receiving space and / or the first and / or the second diaphragm, wherein the widening portion preferably receives one or more electrodes and / or one or more electrode-receiving space. Preferably, in the assembled state of the atomizer, the widening section protrudes in particular obliquely forwards (in the direction of the spray element or to the side of the spray element) and (radially) outwards, wherein the annular section is at least partially, preferably substantially completely covered by a atomizer housing element. The flared portion and / or one or more of the parts included in the annular section may preferably be made of dielectric or insulating material. In particular, the at least one widening section corresponds to the electrode support device.

According to one aspect, the invention relates to an atomizer housing element, in particular for holding an electrode arrangement, as described above, for an electrostatic atomizer, in particular for a rotary atomizer, which has a Zerstaubergehause with a housing element having a first diameter to the immediate or indirect Holder of a shaping air ring and / or for receiving or covering a storage device for a Abspruhelement, in particular for a bell cup comprises. The storage device may, for example, comprise or be a turbine or a turbine shaft for driving the discharge element. According to an embodiment, the turbine or the turbine shaft can be supported indirectly or directly by the housing element, for example. According to a further embodiment, the housing element essentially serves to cover the turbine and / or the Turbinenweile, which can be held hand axis side, for example by means of a flange. The spreader housing element can, for example, be arranged directly upstream of the housing element and / or be connectable to the housing element. The Zerstaubergehauseelement is preferably provided as a tube which can be formed rectilinear or angled.

The housing element of the atomizer housing of the atomizer is according to one embodiment not a feature of the atomizer housing element. According to a further embodiment, the Zerstaubergehauseelement can take over the function of the housing element or form an integral or einstuckige unit with this.

The atomizer housing member preferably includes a second diameter that is different from the first diameter, wherein a difference in diameter between the first diameter and the second diameter defines an electrode support area for supporting the electrode assembly. The electrode holder portion may be formed, for example, by a circumferential surface whose width is determined by the difference in diameter. This surface may, for example, be arranged perpendicular to a surface, in particular to an outer surface, of the atomizer housing element, so that the electrode mounting region is defined by a direct, abrupt transition, which is determined by the difference in diameter. However, the electrode support portion may be formed by a continuous transition which does not extend perpendicularly but at a shallower angle with respect to the outer surface of the atomizer housing member. The electrode mounting area may also be defined by the diameter be formed at a separation boundary between the Zerstauber- housing element and the housing element.

The atomizer housing member may include a first thread and / or a second thread at a first (axial) end of the pulverizer housing member. Furthermore, a third thread can be provided at a second (axial) end of the atomizer housing element.

The first thread is preferably provided for connecting the sputter housing element to the electrode arrangement, the second thread for connecting the sputter housing element to the housing element and the third thread for connecting the sputter housing element to an insulating sleeve. Further, the electrode support portion may extend between a surface of the atomizer housing member and the second thread.

According to one embodiment, the atomizer housing element, which can be provided, for example, for isolated housing of at least one valve of an atomizer, comprises a connection region, which may comprise, for example, the first and / or second thread, for connecting the atomizer housing element to the housing element and / or the electrics - Denanordnung, wherein the electrode support portion extends between a surface, in particular an outer surface of the Zerstaubergehauseelementes and the connection region. The electrode support portion is thus formed by a portion of the Zerstaubergehauseelementes, which is rather determined by the difference in diameter and is not covered by a connection with the housing element by this. The thread (s) of the connection area may also further extend a discharge. effect linkage and be provided with insulating medium (eg insulating grease, preferably Vaseline).

According to one embodiment, the second diameter is preferably larger than the first diameter, so that the electrode holder region or its normal points, for example, in a discharge direction. However, the second diameter may be smaller than the first diameter, allowing for direct placement or alignment of the electrodes on a surface of the atomizer housing.

According to one embodiment, the difference in diameter establishes a surface pointing at least partially in the direction of discharge or at least a projection pointing at least partially in the direction of discharge, in particular circumferentially, for holding the electrode arrangement.

The atomizer housing member may include a central axis extending through the atomizer housing member. In the assembled state of the atomizer, in particular in the assembled state of electrode arrangement and atomizer housing element, the axis of symmetry of the electrode arrangement and the center axis of the atomizer housing element can coincide (coaxially). Preferably, the symmetry axis and the central axis at least merge into one another or intersect.

The atomizer housing element may comprise a first panel and / or a second panel, which are preferably provided substantially annular and in particular coaxially and / or may be arranged extending parallel to the central axis. Preferably, the first aperture has a larger diameter than the second aperture. It is possible that at least one receiving space for a resistance-receiving means and / or a resistance between the first diaphragm and the second aperture is formed. The second aperture can be made stronger than the first aperture. In particular, the first panel and / or the second panel is provided in order to achieve an insulation and / or a labyrinth inward or to reduce or avoid unwanted discharges. Further, the apertures may be provided to form a sandwiched arrangement, particularly with the electrode assembly provided with at least one mating aperture. The first and / or second diaphragm is preferably formed of dielectric or insulating material.

According to one embodiment, the atomizer housing element is angled straight or, for example, in an angular range of approximately 60 °, which is advantageous for internal coating. Preferably, the atomizer housing element is angled less than about 70 ° or 65 ° and / or more than about 50 ° or 55 °. The atomizer housing member may further comprise at least one releasable insulating sleeve or one formed integrally with the atomizer housing member

Extension section for isolating a receptacle (e.g., a bore) for a fastener (e.g., a central spigot) for disassembly of an atomizer and / or a robot hand axis.

According to one embodiment, the Elektrodenhalterungs- area comprises at least one electrical connection or a Aufladering for electrically contacting at least one e- lektrischen connection of the electrode assembly. This advantageously ensures electrode excitation or electrode contacting via the atomizer housing element. The first thread and / or the second thread and / or the third thread may be arranged coaxially to the center axis of the Zerstäubergehauseelements, preferably around the Zerstaubergehauseelement and / or its center axis extend around, and in particular be provided or provided with insulating medium, whereby a prevention or minimizing a discharge current or a discharge current component is achievable. Previous threads may also be tapered to create self-locking. In addition, the first, the second and / or the third thread can produce an enlarged discharge path and / or a discharge current labyrinth, in particular in order to ensure insulation inward and / or backward or to reduce or increase unwanted discharges avoid, which can advantageously be increased, the charging of the coating composition.

According to one aspect, the invention relates to a Zerstäubergehause for an electrostatic atomizer, in particular for a rotary atomizer, with a housing member having a first diameter, wherein the housing member for receiving or covering a drive turbine and / or a storage device for a Abspruhelement, in particular for a bell cup, suitable or is provided, and preferably the Zerstaubergehauseelement for holding the E- lektrodenanordnung. In a preferred embodiment, the atomizer housing can consist of only the housing element, and in another preferred embodiment, furthermore, in particular, comprise the atomizer housing element. The home element is preferably provided as a tube, which can be formed in particular in a straight line. It is possible for a central axis to extend through the housing element or the atomizer housing. The housing member may include a first thread at a first (axial) end and / or a second thread at a second (axial) end.

The first thread may be provided for connection to the atomizer housing element, wherein the second thread may be provided for connection to a spraying part having a shaping air ring. It is also possible that the housing element and the atomizer part having the shaping air ring (integrally) are provided in one piece or the shaping air ring is incorporated into the housing element. Preferably, the diameter of the first thread is greater than the diameter of the second thread. In particular, the first thread and / or the second thread is arranged coaxially to the central axis of the housing element.

The first thread and / or the second thread of the housing element may extend around the housing element and / or the center axis of the housing element, and preferably be provided or provided with insulating medium. Similar to the threads already mentioned above, the first thread and / or the second thread of the housing element is also provided for preventing or minimizing a discharge current or a discharge current component, can be tapered to produce self-locking, and provided to one preferably To achieve increased discharge gap and / or a labyrinth for discharge current. In particular, an insulation during operation of the atomizer forward and / or inside is to be ensured or unwanted discharges are reduced or avoided, whereby the charging of the coating agent can be increased advantageously. According to one embodiment, the electrode mounting area is formed between an outer surface of the atomizer housing element and an outer surface of the housing element. The electrode holding area thus extends between the outer surfaces of the atomizer housing element and the housing element and is defined by the diameter difference.

According to one embodiment, the atomizer housing element is releasable with the housing element, for example connectable or connected by means of a threaded connection and upstream of the atomizer housing element with respect to an arrangement of the spray-off element or with respect to a discharge direction.

According to one embodiment, the Zerstaubergehause or the Zerstaubergehauseelement an insulating cover or dielectric Isolierhulse to cover a handachsensei- term wall or for covering a (robot) hand axis, which may be grounded and / or which, for example, a valve assembly or supply hoses of an atomizer live can. As a result, a rearward discharge current extending in the direction of the hand axis is advantageously influenced or prevented. The dielectric sleeve is made, for example, of a dielectric material, in particular of polytetrafluoroethylene, and may for example be connected to the atomizer housing or the atomizer housing element by means of a threaded engagement or, in particular, form an integral integral unit with the atomizer housing element and e.g. be clamped on the atomiser side over a surrounding collar.

In one aspect, the invention also relates to an insulating sleeve per se. In particular, as mentioned, the insulating provided for the isolation of built-in components such as paint / air supply or Zerstaubergehause- elements or for the isolation of a hand axis side wall or a hand axis of the robot. The insulating sleeve can have a connection region for detachable connection, in particular by means of a threaded connection or a snap connection, with the atomizer housing element. The insulating sleeve is preferably formed of an insulating material, in particular of polytetrafluoroethylene.

The insulating sleeve may include a first thread at a first (axial) end and / or a second thread at a second (axial) end. The insulating sleeve is preferably provided cylindrically, which can be formed in particular in a straight line.

According to one embodiment, the Isolierhulse can preferably be releasably connected to a further Isolierhulse ("extension Isolierhulse") to advantageously continue to increase the insulation effect in the direction of the hand axis or backward and / or shield under the at least one Isolierhulse located grounded components.

In particular, a single correspondingly long insulating sleeve or the further insulating sleeve (eg by screwing on) may comprise a receiving device (eg a bore) for a fastening means (eg a central clamping pin) with which the (preferably complete) atomizer can be removed in a simple manner, and / or a robot hand axis isolating cover.

For example, the further Isolierhulse screwed to the second thread of Isolierhulse (hand axis side) become. The first thread is preferably provided for connection to the atomizer housing element.

As mentioned, the insulating sleeve is preferably formed from an insulating material, in particular from polytetrafluoroethylene, but can stand out in color from other insulating components by, for example, admixing MoS ₂ .

Preferably, a central axis extends through the at least one Isolierhulse. The diameter of the first thread may be substantially the same size as the diameter of the second thread. Furthermore, the first thread and / or the second thread can be arranged coaxially to the center axis of the insulating sleeve.

It is possible for the first thread and / or the second thread to extend around the insulating sleeve and / or its central axis. Similar to the thread already mentioned above, the first thread and / or the second thread of the insulating sleeve is also provided for preventing or minimizing a discharge current or a discharge current component, can be made conical to produce self-locking, and provided to to achieve a preferably enlarged discharge path and / or a labyrinth for discharge current. In particular, an isolation during operation of the atomizer is to be ensured to the rear or unwanted discharges are reduced or avoided, which can be advantageous to increase the charging of the confining means.

According to one embodiment, the insulating sleeve has a length in a range between approximately 100 mm and 200 mm or less. danger 140 mm or 160 mm. Preferably, the Isolierhulse is about 150 mm long.

According to one embodiment, the surface of the insulating sleeve for surface enlargement is not flat, but for example wavy or structured formed or provided with projections and depressions, so that the surface of Isolierhulse example. a golf ball surface with dimple-like depressions. The surface of the spreader housing member, the housing member or the electrode assembly may also have such a surface configuration to increase the creepage distance, whereby a greater resistance to the current can be achieved.

The insulating sleeve may also be connectable to the above-described atomizer housing member, for example, by means of the first thread, which may be provided with an insulating medium (e.g., insulating grease, e.g., petroleum jelly).

According to one aspect, the invention relates to an electrostatic atomizer, in particular a Rotationszerstauber, preferably with the erfmdungsgemaßen Zerstaubergehause, the erfmdungsgemaßen electrode assembly and / or the at least one erfmdungsgemaßen Isolierhulse, as described above.

The atomizer is advantageously suitable for external charging for or in an outer coating and for or in an inner coating and / or detail coating.

In particular, the atomizer is suitable for interior / detail coating without electrical isolation. According to one embodiment, the electrostatic atomizer comprises a spray element, for example a bell cup, which can be held by a bearing device. The bearing device can be, for example, a turbine or a turbine shaft, which is held or covered by the housing element. The housing element may also be provided for holding the shaping air ring. The electrostatic atomizer further comprises at least one electrode held by the electrode assembly. Preferably, the electrostatic atomizer is by means of a hand-axis-side connecting element, which may be covered, for example, with one or the aforementioned insulating sleeve, for example a flange, for example, on a robot arm halterbar, wherein a ratio of a distance between an electrode end of the at least one electrode, which with the electrode assembly may be mechanically and / or electrically coupled to the Absprühelement, in particular to an edge of the Absprühelementes, for example, to a Glockentellerkante to the handachsen- side, for example grounded, connecting element or to a plastic hand axis or a housed hand axis in a range between 1.5 and 2 or 2 and 2.5. Furthermore, a distance between an electrode end of the at least one electrode to the spray-off element, in particular to a Absprühelementkante, for example, a bellcrank edge, in a range between 80 mm and 200 mm and in particular about 118mm (preferably greater than or equal to about 80mm, 120mm , 160mm, 200mm or 240mm and / or less than 100mm, 140mm, 180mm, 220mm or 260mm). Furthermore, a distance between the at least one electrode or its end to the first grounded hand axis element or to a connecting element, for example a grounded connecting flange, of the electrostatic atomizer in a range between about 120 mm and 625 mm or approximately 195 mm or 240 mm (with "extension insulating sleeve") .These dimensions ensure that the electrostatic atomizer is particularly suitable for interior painting and has good electrical insulation properties.

For example, the atomizing part having the directing air ring can partially or substantially completely shield and / or shield the lateral surface of the spraying element facing away from a discharge current component or discharge current emitted by the at least one electrode and thus expose the spraying element. that a discharge, in particular a corona discharge, can ignite preferably at the bell-shaped edge. However, the spraying element, in particular the lateral surface of the spraying element facing away from the component to be coated, can also be arranged substantially exposed, whereby a free air gap between the at least one electrode and the spraying element, in particular the lateral surface facing away from the component to be coated Abspruhelements is achieved. Preferably, the Abspruhelement (eg a bell cup) does not protrude from the atomizing ring having the atomizing part and / or the housing element, wherein in this embodiment, the leading edge of the shaping air having the atomizing part defines the front end of the atomizer. It is preferred that the Abspruhelement is partially or completely housed in the shaping air ring having Zerstauberteil and / or the housing element, for example by the outer periphery of the Abspruhelements is partially or completely enclosed by the shaping air having the atomizing part and / or the housing element. According to exner embodiment of the electrostatic atomizer comprises the above-described (s) Isolierhulse (s), which covers a wall of the electrostatic atomizer or its housing.

According to one embodiment, the electrostatic atomizer comprises the above-mentioned at least one insulating sleeve, wherein the electrostatic atomizer may further comprise a shaping air ring, wherein the electrode arrangement has at least one electrode, and wherein the electrode arrangement and / or the housing element made of dielectric material for influencing a in the direction the axis of symmetry and / or in the direction of the Abspruhelementes extending current component for charging a sprayable paint or powdered paint and / or the discharge current component are formed.

According to one embodiment, the electrode assembly and / or the housing element and / or the Isolierhulse and / or the shaping air ring (or the shaping air having Zerstauberteil) are each by means of a thread, in particular with an insulating medium or insulating fluid (eg insulating grease such as Vaseline) coated or surrounded thread, halterbar, and / or wherein the thread (at the electrode assembly) at least one aperture, in particular a coated with insulating diaphragm, wherein the thread and / or the at least one aperture are provided, an extension, in particular by a labyrinth, to cause a discharge current path.

According to one embodiment, the at least one insulating sleeve and / or the shaping air ring (or the atomizer part having the shaping air ring) and / or the electrode Rodenanordnung and / or the housing member and / or the Zerstäubergehäuseelement and / or a Absprühelement, in particular a bell cup, modular interchangeable and preferably to a respective application scenario, which comprises an inner coating and an outer coating, adaptable or adapted. Preferably, the shaping air ring (or the atomizer part having the shaping air ring), the electrode holder (or electrode arrangement) and the spraying element, in particular a bell plate, are exchangeable modularly.

According to one aspect, the invention relates to an operating method, preferably an electrostatically assisted sputtering method, preferably with external charging of the coating agent and in particular for external charging of the coating agent in the inner / detail coating, in which a spray jet by means of an electrostatic atomization, in particular a Rotationszerstäubung is sprayed, comprising the steps of generating an electrostatic field for electrostatically charging the spray jet about an axis of symmetry, preferably about one of the aforesaid axes of symmetry, and for example electrically affecting a discharge current component of the discharge current which may preferably extend in the direction of the axis of symmetry , by means of a dielectric material. Alternatively or additionally, the operating method may comprise performing an external charging of a coating agent in the inner / detail coating and preferably the outer coating.

Advantageously, an inner / detail coating can be carried out without potential separation. In the operating method, an inner / detail coating and an outer coating with preferably low-resistance paints (eg solvent-based paints) and / or water-based paints may advantageously be carried out with the same atomizer and / or the same external charging system. Further, with the same atomizer and / or the same external charging system, external charging of the coating agent in the inner / detail coating and the outer coating can be advantageously performed. First of all, for example, an inner coating can be carried out and then an outer coating (or vice versa).

Preferably, the operating method also comprises an external charging of a waterborne basecoat or of a release agent in the interior painting and / or the detailling.

According to one embodiment, the discharge current component of the discharge current component opposite discharge current component of the discharge current is less or not affected, in particular less or not steamed.

According to one embodiment, the electrostatic field is generated by one or more electrodes arranged around the axis of symmetry.

The method of operation may be performed with a painting distance between the front edge of the atomizer (eg, the leading edge of the atomizer or the leading edge of the sparger) and the component to be coated that is greater than or equal to approximately 5mm, 10mm, 50mm, 100mm, 150mm, or 200mm is; and / or less than about 7.5mm, 25mm, 75mm, 125mm, 175mm or 225mm. Further process steps result directly from the functionality of the erfmdungsgemaßen electrostatic atomizer.

The invention further relates to a method for producing the above-described electrode assembly comprising the steps of forming an electrode support means for electrode support about an axis of symmetry and forming a dielectric material to influence a discharge current component of the discharge current extending in the direction of the axis of symmetry.

Further manufacturing steps result directly from the structure of the electrode arrangement described above.

According to one aspect, the invention relates to a method for producing a atomizer housing as described above for holding an electrode holder for an electrostatic atomizer, in particular for a rotary atomizer, as described above, with the step of forming the atomizer housing element with the second diameter around one To fix the electrode holder portion for holding the electrode assembly by a difference in diameter between the first diameter and the second diameter.

Further manufacturing steps result directly from the structure of the atomizer housing element described above.

According to one aspect, the invention relates to a method for producing a atomizing unit as described above with the steps of forming the housing element which is used to receive or cover a storage device, For example, a turbine and / or a turbine shaft, for a Abspruhelement, in particular for a bell cup, and / or for holding a shaping air ring suitable or provided, with the first diameter, and the training of Zerstaubergehauseelementes.

Further manufacturing steps arise directly from the structure of the aforementioned Zerstaubergehauses.

The invention further relates to a method for manufacturing an electrostatic atomizer as described above comprising the steps of forming the atomizer housing, forming the electrode assembly, and assembling the atomizer housing and the electrode assembly to obtain the electrostatic atomizer. The merging step may include, for example, the step of connecting, for example by means of a threaded engagement.

According to one embodiment, the method comprises the step of forming the insulating sleeve, in particular for hand-axis-side insulation or influencing a hand-axis-side discharge current component.

Further manufacturing steps are directly apparent from the structure of the electrostatic atomizer described above.

The invention further relates to a method for producing a Isolierhulse as described above, wherein the

Connecting region is formed with a thread to create a discharge gap. Further manufacturing steps result directly from the structure of the Isolierhulse described above.

According to one aspect, the invention relates to a use preferably of the above-described electrostatic atomizer for the interior / detail coating, in particular the interior / detail painting, of vehicle bodies (eg door entrances, windows, etc.) or preferably made of plastic small parts or attachments or bumpers or Bumpers, in particular bumper elements or bumpers or bumpers. Alternatively or additionally, the invention relates to a use of an electrostatic rotary atomizer (preferably as described above) and / or an electrode arrangement (preferably as described above) for externally charging a coating agent in the inner / detail coating and preferably also in the outer coating.

The parts according to the invention (for example the electrode arrangement, the atomizer, the operating method, etc.) are provided for external charging of the coating agent (in the inner / detail coating and / or the outer coating). The parts according to the invention (for example the electrode arrangement, the atomizer, the operating method, etc.) are particularly suitable for external coating of e.g. Motor vehicle bodies, attachments, etc., but preferably also for interior / detail coating of e.g. Motor vehicle bodies (for example door entry), attachments, small parts, bumpers, bumper elements, bumpers, bumpers, etc.

According to a further aspect of the invention, by evaluating current (I) and voltage (U), a positioning monitoring of an object to be coated can be achieved. The Po Positioning monitoring includes, for example, the position and / or the orientation or position of an object to be coated.

In the assembled state or during operation of the atomizer, the symmetry or center axis of the electrode arrangement, the central axis of the atomizer housing element, the center axis of the housing element, the center axis of the atomizer housing and / or the central axis of the insulating sleeve (s) coincide (coaxially) or respectively At least they merge or intersect.

The electrode arrangement, the electrode holder device, the atomizer housing element, the housing element, the insulating sleeve and / or the atomizer section having the shaping air ring may have dielectric or insulating material in sections or be coated or encased by dielectric or insulating material.

In particular, the electrode arrangement, the electrode holding device, the atomizer housing element, the housing element, the insulating sleeve and / or the atomizing air ring having atomizing part of dielectric or insulating material may preferably be formed einstuckig and / or consist essentially of dielectric or insulating material.

Also, individual component groups (eg the electrode arrangement, the at least one insulating sleeve, the atomizer housing, the atomizer housing, the housing element and / or the shaping air ring (or the shaping air ring having atomizing part) can be designed as one piece (integral) or in one piece The atomizer housing element and the at least one insulating sleeve can be designed in one piece or in one piece the at least one insulating sleeve and the electrode arrangement are designed to be one-piece or one-piece. Similarly, the electrode arrangement can also be designed in one piece with the housing element and / or the atomizer housing element. It is also possible to construct the housing element and the shaping air ring (or the atomizing part having the shaping air ring) in one piece or in one piece, so that preferably the shaping air ring can be incorporated in the housing element.

The dielectric or insulating material is preferably a high-voltage resistant material, in particular of fluoroplastic or fluoroplastic compounds, for example polytetrafluoroethylene. Thus, unwanted discharges can be minimized or avoided, whereby advantageously the charging of the coating agent can be increased.

Furthermore, the spray-off element (for example a bell cup) can also be produced at least partially from dielectric or insulating material, in particular if another counterelectrode / ignition electrode is provided to ignite the necessary (corona) discharge.

The threads described above are merely preferred embodiments for detachable connections or connection mechanisms. Other releasable connections (eg snap connections, snap-in connections, clamp connections, Velcro fasteners, screw connections, etc.) may also be provided for the electrode arrangement, the housing element, the atomizer part having the directing air ring, the atomizer housing element and / or the at least one insulating sleeve in an advantageous manner Assemble, disassemble or replace quickly and easily. Preferably, the electrode assembly, the housing element, which is the The atomizing skin element and / or the at least one insulating sleeve which can be released or disassembled or exchangeably provided.

However, the threads described above are advantageous in that they extend discharge paths or "creepage distances" (from high electrical potential to low or ground potential.) In this case, the threads or the discharge paths constitute a labyrinth for the discharge current advantageous a detachable connection ready.

All or some of the insulating or dielectric material formed parts may have rounded edges.

Preferably, the connection mechanisms of the respective components, e.g. Some or all of the threads described above and below are lubricated with an insulating medium (e.g., insulating grease, preferably Vaseline).

In the assembled state or during operation of the atomizer, a distance (dl) between an electrode end of the at least one electrode to the Abspruhelement, in particular to a Abspruhelementkante, or generally to the foremost part of the atomizer in a range between greater than 75mm, 125mm, 175mm , 225mm or 275mm, and / or less than 100mm, 150mm, 200mm, 250mm or 300mm, preferably in the range between 80mm and 250mm. An axial distance (d3) between an electrode end of the at least one electrode to the Abspruhelement, in particular to a Abspruhelementkante, or generally to the foremost part of the atomizer may preferably be in a range between greater than 60mm, 100mm, 140mm, 180mm or 220mm, and / or smaller than 80mm, 120mm, 160mm, 200mm or 240mm, preferably in the range at about 105mm +/- 25mm. As a result, an extremely compact and flexible atomizer can be ensured which, for example, can be guided closer to or around the component to be coated than conventional atomizers with long electrode fingers.

Further exemplary embodiments are explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:

1 shows an electrostatic rotary atomizer;

FIG. 2 shows the electrostatic rotary atomizer from FIG. 1; FIG.

3 views of an atomizer housing element angled at 60 °;

Fig. 4 views of a Isolierhulse;

5 shows views of an electrode arrangement;

Fig. 6 views of a resistor;

7 shows an electrode arrangement;

8 shows a rotary atomizer according to a further embodiment;

FIG. 9a shows a rotary atomizer according to a further embodiment; FIG.

FIG. 9b shows the rotary atomizer from FIG. 9a and a further insulating sleeve; FIG. 10a shows a rotary atomizer according to another embodiment;

10b is a side view of a Rotationszerstaubers according to another embodiment;

Fig. 10c is a perspective view of the rotary atomizer of Fig. 10b;

10d is a side view of a Rotationszerstaubers according to another embodiment;

Fig. 11 views of a housing element; and

Fig. 12 exemplary field profiles.

1 shows a rotary atomizer with an electrode arrangement, which comprises an electrode holder 101 for holding at least one electrode or a plurality of electrodes. Furthermore, dielectric material 103 is provided to influence at least one component of a discharge current which extends in the direction of an axis of symmetry 105. The dielectric material, for example, protrudes toward the axis of symmetry 105 and consists for example of polytetrafluoroethylene. In the electrode holder device 101, a plurality of recesses (electrode accommodating spaces) 107 are provided which are provided for receiving electrodes 108. The electrodes 108 can each be contacted via resistors 109 in order to ensure a controllable excitation of the electrodes controllable by the high-voltage control in order to generate an electrostatic field. The electrodes 108 preferably have a length, which may correspond to the length of the recess 107, so that the electrodes 108 in the electrode holder 101 completely or up to their outwardly directed tips whose free length can be 1 mm to 5 mm embedded are.

The electrode arrangement comprises a connection region 111, which is formed, for example, by a thread and is provided for supporting the electrode arrangement on a atomizer housing element 113 which can house a valve 114.

The atomizer housing element 113 further comprises an electrode holder area 115, on which the electrode arrangement can be held. The electrode support portion 115 is defined by a difference in diameter between a first diameter of a housing member 117 of the rotary atomizer and a second diameter of the atomizer housing member 113. The difference in diameter thus defines a circumferential surface whose normal extends parallel to the axis of symmetry 105. The electrode holder region 115 includes, for example, a thread 116 into which the thread of the connection region 111 engages.

The housing element 117 is provided, for example, a

Storage device for a Abspruhelement (119), in particular for a bell cup to record or cover insulated. The storage device may be, for example, a turbine or a turbine shaft 120 not shown in FIG. 1 or comprising. Between the housing element 117 and the spray-off element 119, for example, a shaping air ring 121 or a spraying part having a shaping air ring is arranged, which are held by the housing element 117 can. The housing element 117 and the shaping air ring 121 may also be in one piece or one piece.

The atomizer housing element 113 is disposed in front of the housing element 117 and connected thereto, for example, by means of a threaded connection 123 or a clamping connection or a latching connection or an adhesive connection.

Furthermore, identical or differently strong diaphragms 125, which can be concentric or form a labyrinth, can be provided in the connection region 111, in order to ensure the largest possible discharge paths, so-called creepage distances.

Fig. 2 shows the electrostatic rotary atomizer

Fig. 1 with the electrode assembly comprising the electrode holder 101, in which the recesses 107 are formed. The electrode assembly is supported on the atomizer housing member 113, which may be angled or straight at 60 °, for example. The atomizer housing element 113 is preceded by a dielectric sleeve 201, which covers a hand axis 203. There may be provided a valve assembly which may be connected by means of leads 205 e.g. can be applied with coating agent. The insulating sleeve 201 is connected to the Zerstäubergehäuseelement 113, for example by means of a threaded connection. The insulating sleeve 201 may also be glued to the wall 203.

As a coating agent, for example, a base coat, ie a primer, a base layer BC 1 (BC: Base Coat), an effect layer BC 2 and a clearcoat CC (CC: Clear Coat) may be provided. There are still more layers possible, for. B. multiple clearcoat to a particularly advantageous coating quality of an object to be painted.

The atomizer shown in Figures 1 and 2 comprises a Zerstaubergehause which is suitable due to the angled for example by 60 ° Zerstaubergehauseelementes 113 in particular for interior painting. The atomizer housing element 113 can have, for example, an integrated charging ring, which is provided for electrode contacting or electrode application. The electrodes may be placed or screwed together with the electrode arrangement in the form of an electrode ring. According to one embodiment, however, the charging ring may also be formed by the electrode arrangement.

The Zerstaubergehauseelement 113 with the Aufladering can be formed of an insulating and high-voltage resistant material, preferably made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), since the PTFE or other fluoroplastics for the interior or exterior skin painting or the Anbauteilelackierung provide sufficient insulating properties to good To achieve coating results.

FIG. 3 shows views of a atomizer housing element 301 which is bent away, for example, by 60 °. The pulverizer element 301 comprises, for example, an element 303 with channels 305 for supplying supply lines of a paint supply valve block to the atomizer. Furthermore, a conductive distributor ring is guided in a charging ring 307, which may preferably be formed from metal or from a conductive PTFE or from another conductive fluoroplastic. For example, a high-voltage cable can be guided to the charging ring 307 in order to achieve sufficient electrode contact with a high-voltage generator. true afford. Both high-voltage, low-voltage (standard) and high-impedance high-voltage cables can be used at high frequencies. The distributor ring 307 can be used, for example, or sintered in the atomizer housing section 301.

The guidance through the atomizer housing element 301 takes place, for example, oddly, whereby the necessary passages for the optical fiber cables or for the high voltage cables can, for example, be concealed in the PTFE by means of a sintering process. Instead of the sintering process, for example, a generative manufacturing process can also be used in the production of the 60 ° vermicular housing element 301.

The atomizer housing element 301 may, for example, be formed by an insulating sleeve, which may also be angled at 60 ° or of another shape and may be made of PTFE or other fluoroplastics or fluoroplastic compounds to effect a high voltage shield. Alternatively, ceramic materials and / or other plastics, for example, Vaselinefullung or Transformatorolfullung be used. In addition, an insulating sleeve can be staked or screwed onto the atomiser housing element 301, for example, on the hand axis, or represent an integral or one-piece unit with the atomizer housing element. The atomizer housing element 301 may, for example, have a hand-axis-side thread 309, which is intended for connection to the insulating sleeve. The Isolierhulse can also be inverted or welded on one or both sides over the inner components of the atomizer or welded. In addition, the Zerstaubergehauseelement 301 may have a straight shape or angled at 90 °. The atomizer housing element 301 may have a thread 311 on the atomiser side, which is provided for connection to a housing element of the atomizer, for example with the housing element 117 shown in FIG. 1. In contrast to the thread 309, which may be, for example, an M125x2 thread with a 12 mm thread length, the thread 311 may be an M110x2 thread with a thread length of at least 9 mm, preferably 20 mm. In addition, another larger diameter thread 313 is provided to support an electrode assembly such as shown in FIG. 1 and which may be shaped in the shape of an electrode ring. The further thread 313 may be, for example, a M165x2-Gewmde with a thread length of 12 mm.

The threads 309, 311 or 313 may, for example, be conical and self-locking in order to ensure the largest possible discharge paths, so-called creepage distances, for example, from a higher electrical potential to a ground potential. In this configuration, these creepage distances provide a labyrinth for the discharge current so that inward isolation can be advantageously effected. Apertures 315 can also be provided for this purpose, which effect a further extension of the discharge path. The diaphragms 315 may be of different thicknesses, preferably the inwardly directed diaphragms should be stronger than the outer ones, in order to effect a sufficient insulation inwards.

Instead of a high-voltage cable from a generator through the 60 ° -Hausause 301 to the distribution ring 307 to drive, and a generator or multiple generators directly in be integrated with the atomizer housing element 301 and, for example, supply all or individual grouped electrodes or electrode tips with high voltage for generating an electrostatic field. The high voltage cable can also be integrated directly embedded in the Zerstaubergehauseelement 301 and embedded m eg an insulating medium, preferably petroleum jelly, potted and outside in the area of a robot arm or in a flange of the nebulizer with a high voltage power supply cable, which is connected to a high voltage generator, for example via a coupling member plugged or screwed, be connected. Furthermore, the high-voltage cable can also be laid on the opposite side in the atomizer housing element 301 and a corresponding channel or telescoping channels of insulating material, preferably PTFE, be provided for guiding and fixing the high-voltage cable.

4 shows views of an insulating sleeve 401 for hand-axis-side isolation of an electrostatic atomizer. The Isolierhulse 401 is preferably for reasons of isolation against discharges that go from the electrode tips to the grounded hand axis of / a robot, preferably cylindrical and made for example of PTFE. The Isolierhulse 401 can be screwed for example by means of a thread 403 on the example shown in FIG. 3 Zerstaubergehauseelement 301. In addition, a plurality of cylindrical sleeves may be provided. For weight reduction, instead of the PTFE material, it is possible, for example, to use foamed materials with a lattice-like crosslinking or multilayered layers, wherein the insulation is preferably ensured as in the case of PTFE. The Isolierhulse 401 has, for example, a thickness in the range of 15 +/- 10 mm and a length of for example 150 mm. The Isolierhulse preferably causes isolation, which is a prerequisite is to obtain a larger charge of the Abspruhstrahls and prefers to create no or weak parasitic discharges, for example, to the hand axis.

An insulation distance of at least 150 mm, which corresponds, for example, to the length of the insulating sleeve, can also be represented by the fact that the earthed hand axis of the rotary atomizer assumes insulating properties. In this case, either the entire hand axis of the rotary fragment or a part of its surface may consist of insulating material, for example PTFE. As a result, the length of the atomizer is reduced as a further advantage with a constant insulation distance, so that larger isolation distances of up to 150 to 500 mm can be realized, for example, for longer atomizers. As a result, the TCP (Tool Center Point TCP) could also jerk closer to the hand axis, which makes the atomizer smaller. Likewise, one or more further cylindrical insulating sleeves can be screwed onto or otherwise attached to the already existing insulating sleeve for extending the insulation gap by concealing portions of the grounded hand axis ("expansion insulating sleeve").

The thread 403 is for example a M125x2 thread with a thread length of 12 mm. The thread 403 may preferably be lubricated with an insulating medium, eg, insulating grease, especially vaseline, to effectively avoid undesirable creepage distances for possible discharge currents in combination with the thread 403, which is an isolation labyrinth. The Isolierhulse 401 may have a surface which may be both smooth and wavy to cause further creepage distances, as is common in standard insulators in high voltage engineering. The larger the surface of the insulating sleeve 401, the greater are the creepage distances. stretch for a discharge current from high-voltage electrode tips to grounded hand axis, ie to the rear. By increasing the surface of the insulating sleeve, an undesirable discharge current can be reduced, because a greater resistance to the current is realized by the longer creepage distances.

In addition, the insulation of all grounded components by a surface coating by means of a plastic that is conductive or non-conductive, be made with an insulating plastic. In the case of a surface treatment, it is preferable to ensure that there are no or only a few conductive particles on the surface in order to avoid a reduction in the insulation effect. The use of antistatics for a homogeneous, planar electrical behavior is also possible here. Another possibility for bringing the charged spray jet or paint mist preferably onto the body or the workpiece or object to be coated consists in partially or completely insulating the insulating parts of the atomizer, for example. To bring conductive or partially conductive materials to the same negative potential that corresponds to the high voltage supply or the electrode potential. Preferably, however, the entire insulation is accomplished by PTFE.

5 shows various views of an electrode arrangement with an electrode holding device 501, which may correspond to the electrode holding device 101 shown in FIG. 1, which is designed in the form of a ring or electrode ring with a diameter of 65 to 300 mm and by means of a thread 503 with a Zerstäubergehäuseelement, as shown for example in Fig. 1, may be connected. The electrode arrangement comprises, for example, a plurality of electrodes 505, for example 3 to 60 electrodes with electrode tips whose diameter is 1.5 ± 1.2 mm and which are made of stainless steel or other metals or conductive carbon-based materials such as diamond layers or carbon nanostructures or their compounds which have a high field emission can be formed. The electrode tips 505 can be inserted or inserted with the respective resistor 507, for example equidistantly into an electrode holder device 509, which can be formed from a dielectric material, the total diameter of the electrode ring preferably being approximately 220 mm.

The electrode tips of the electrodes 505 may, for example, be arranged at an angle α between 0 ° and 180 ° with respect to an axial color tube direction 511. However, the electrodes may have an angle of 25 ° to 90 ° in the tangential direction. Preferably, however, axial angles of 55 ° and tangential angles of 90 ° are desired.

For example, the electrodes 505 may be embedded in the electrode support device 509, which may correspond to the electrode support device 501 or the electrode support device 101 shown in FIG. 1, except for electrode tips that are free-standing and may be 1 mm to 5 mm. However, the electrodes 505 may be buried or housed in the electrode support device 509 or covered by an insulating plastic part.

The electrode ends 505 are preferably arranged such that, for example in a Aufladering each on the Resistors 507, which are equipped, for example, with a pressure point 513. In this case, for example, each tip of the respective electrode 505 encounters a resistor 507, wherein it is conceivable that two or more electrode tips encounter a resistance 507 in order to realize an effective corona charging of the lacquer at lower voltages. In this case, for example, a maximum number of 12 electrodes or electrode tips per resistor can be provided, which makes a total of at most 720 electrode tips possible.

The resistors 507 may have, for example, resistance values R of 30 to 400 MΩ, whereby resistance values of 100 MΩ at 5% tolerance may preferably be used. The construction size of the resistors is (L x D) 30 to 100 mm x 6 - 12 mm, preferably 30 to 60 mm x 8 mm. Likewise, a series connection of two or more resistors is conceivable.

The opposite side of the respective resistor 507 can also be provided with a pressure point 515, which can interact with the conductive, already described, preferably metallic high-voltage distribution ring.

Since at the resistors 507 relatively high voltages can drop, which spark discharge or a spark over by air along a resistance surface to

It is preferable to ensure that a space 517 is filled with an insulating medium and a dielectric strength in this closed area of at least 1.3 kV / mm is permanently ensured. For this purpose, the resistors 507 can be embedded in a cylindrical resistance receptacle 519 in insulating medium, for example in insulating grease, preferably in vaseline, and sealed with a plastic cap 512. As insulating material can also be an insulating potting compound or a solid or liquid adhesive or a direct embedding of the resistance 507 in PTFE be possible.

Instead of a resistor 507, it is also possible to realize a resistance element made of partially conductive plastic or a semiconductor, which permanently supplies the same resistance value as a commercially available thick-film resistor 507.

Fig. 6 shows various views of a resistor 507 with the cap 512, wherein a sealing ring 601 may be provided. To prevent leakage of liquid insulating medium (e.g., insulating grease), another sealing ring may be provided on the opposite side of the resistor, for example, integrated with insulating cap 512.

For processing of the insulating medium, for example, insulating grease, for example petroleum jelly, this can be heated to above 100 ⁰ C and liquefied. By means of a metering tip, the insulating grease is slowly and evenly filled into the space 517 with the placed resistor 507. In this case, preferably only one sealing ring 601 can be used. Depending on the ambient temperature, the insulating medium is in solid or liquid form. In exceptional situations or fault situations, which may result in heating of the resistor 507, the insulating medium becomes liquid and thus has a self-healing effect in that it distributes itself ideally. The leakage of the insulating medium can be prevented by the insulating cap 512.

The Elektrodenhalterungseinπchtung 509 can by means of a thread, lubricated with an insulating medium, for example, insulating grease, preferably with petroleum jelly, on the example illustrated in Fig. 1 atomizer housing 113 auf-. be screwed. The thread can be, for example, a M165x2-Gewmde with a Gewindelange of 12 mm. Further, one or more apertures 521 may be provided as another labyrinth according to the strength of the electrode support means 501, ie, the electrode support ring, to ensure sufficient isolation inwardly.

FIG. 7 shows an electrode arrangement with an electrode holder 701, which may correspond to the electrode holder devices 509 or 501 or 101, in which an electrode 703 is arranged. The electrode 703 contacts a resistor 707 by means of a pressure point 705.

The electrode 703 may be formed differently. According to an embodiment 709, the electrode may have a free-standing end with a length of 1 mm to 5 mm, wherein the electrode is nevertheless largely embedded in the dielectric material of the electrode holder device 701. According to an embodiment 711, the electrode is recessed or enclosed and preferably completely surrounded by the dielectric material of the electrode holder device 701. According to another embodiment 713, the electrode may be covered by a dielectric material 715 forming an insulating plastic part. The dielectric material 715 may be formed and provided, for example, in the shape of a protrusion or bead (eg, facing forward and / or outward), a discharge current component extending in the direction of an axis of symmetry 717 or rearward (eg, hand axis side). in the direction of the hand axis or in the direction away from the discharge element) extends, for example, to vaporize. Furthermore, individual features of the above and / or below mentioned embodiments may combined in order to obtain further forms of expression. It is also possible to provide the dielectric material 715 in such a way that a discharge current component is specifically influenced, in particular steamed, to the rear and / or to the outside and / or to the front and / or to the inside. For this purpose, the dielectric material may also be provided, as indicated for example by the dashed lines in FIG.

FIG. 8 shows a rotary atomizer with the elements of the atomizers from FIGS. 1 and 2, which has, for example, telescopic electrodes 801. For the purpose of exterior skin painting, the electrodes 801 may be provided as screwable electrode fingers consisting of an electrode tip with one or more resistors. Furthermore, cylindrical insulating plastic sleeves may be provided in different lengths.

In order to realize a flexible and adjustable in the length electrode 801, the electrode fingers may each consist of different sized elements, which are held together, for example, with springs. By means of compressed air, these elements can each be pushed apart to reach different electrode lengths. For this purpose, other methods may be used which, for example, a rope or a liquid in a cylinder, which is filled, for example, with Spulmittel, or use a solvent or a Transformatorol. Here, the distance di shown in FIG. 8 between an electrode end and the Abspruhelement 119 or its edge di = 80 - 250 mm, preferably 140 mm. For exterior skin painting, the electrode fingers can be extended and retracted accordingly for interior or decoration painting. In addition, different electrode arrangements can be provided with electrode fingers of different lengths and non-adjustable in length in order, for example, to select the electrode length which is suitable for the particular application, for example modularly. For example, as shown in FIG. 9a, electrode fingers 901 of different lengths but not adjustable in length can be provided, whereby all possible external charging applications, in particular painting, can be exchanged by exchanging the electrode arrangement or the electrode ring and the bell-plate or shaping air ring system at outflow rates greater than 1000 ml / min with appropriate application systems are possible. The elec- trode fingers 901 can also vary in length with each other, so that asymmetrical distances are possible, depending on a Lackierrichtung or

Air flow direction are chosen so that a uniform, adapted Spπtzbild arises. In addition, a Abspruhelement 903, such as a bell cup, be used freestanding. In addition, a combination of the exemplary embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 8 and 9 a, 9 b is possible, so that, inter alia, a possibility is provided to adapt an electrode length and thus the electric field immediately in a process and to any changes in cabin conditions or a Paint finish to react.

FIG. 9b is for the most part identical to FIG. 9a, but in particular shows a further insulating sleeve 210, which can be attached to the insulating sleeve 201 by means of a thread 212, for example. In particular, the further Isolierhulse 210 may be provided to cover a receiving device for a fastener for mounting or dismounting a nebulizer and / or a robot hand axis insulating. As can be seen from FIGS. 8, 9a and 9b, the atomizer housing element 113 and / or the insulating sleeve 201 could also be made correspondingly long in order to cover the fastening device for mounting and dismounting the atomizer and / or the robot hand axis in an insulating manner. Thus, a one-piece, two-piece or three-piece training is possible to fulfill previous function can.

10a shows an electrostatic atomizer in which the dimensions di, d ₂ , d ₃ and lχ shown in FIG. 10a can be selected as described below in such a way that advantageous insulation against undesirable discharge currents is made possible and this electrostatic atomizer becomes universal can be used for interior / detail and exterior skin lamination.

The electrostatic atomizer may be, for example, a high-rotation atomizer, wherein a distance between the electrodes to a bell-shaped (front) edge di between 80 and 250 mm air gap, preferably 140 mm, may be.

The distance between the electrodes and a hand axis or a flange, li, can range from 120 to 625 mm, whereby a shortest air gap may preferably be Ii = 240 mm (with "extension insulating sleeve") A ratio li / di is preferably approximately 2, so that li / di = 2.0 ± 0.5.

Preferably, several bell cup variants can be used. A bell cup (GT) to be used can be free-standing, ie there is a free air gap between the electrodes and almost the entire GT. However, the bell plate can also be half of an insulating or partially insulating shaping air ring be covered. Likewise, full coverage or any partial coverage is possible. Preferably, the bell cup should be so good of an insulating shaping ring, which is preferably made of PEEK or PTFE with an admixture of MOS2 (MOS2 (MoS ₂ ): molybdenum disulfide), so that no destructive discharges between a PTFE housing element, such as tube, and shaping air ring arise , be sure that there is not too much current flowing from the electrodes over the bell cup, but that the bell cup is not covered so much that the necessary corona discharge can not ignite. In this configuration, the bell cup with its edge is an important factor that enables ignition of a corona discharge. In this case, the bell cup or at least its edge can be conductive, preferably metallic, for example titanium. As a result, electrons can be generated, which attach themselves to air molecules and "load" the dusted paint, so that a maximum application efficiency (AWG) is guaranteed. In this sense, the bell-shaped edge is a "Koronazundelektrode".

In this configuration, all other grounded or insulating edges, in particular edges on the covered bearing device or on the insulating shaping air ring, must be rounded off in the vicinity of the circumferential path between electrodes and grounded bell cup with the largest possible radius.

All or partially grounded components of the atomizer can also be connected to the grounding system via an electrical resistance <1 MOhm.

In order to ensure the greatest possible isolation of the atomizer, an air heater can be installed, eg in the control air (motor lft) or the storage air of the storage device are used, in addition to its intended function to minimize the cooling of the expanding engine air by preheating, the condensation of the ambient or engine air, which can cause one or more unwanted discharge paths in the bell cup or the shaping ring.

Preferably, the following dimensions can be selected, whereby standard Bell cup diameter in the range between 30 mm and 85 mm can be used:

Universal usable bell cup: Bell plate diameter: d _G τ_ _um = 60 mm +/- 2 mm Outer shell shape of the bell cup: preferably convex

The convex shape is advantageous because it presents a less critical counterpotential to the back electrodes compared to an oblique outer shell shape due to a lower field line concentration on the part-round convex surface.

In particular, the bell cup and / or the directing air ring can be embodied, for example, as the bell cup and / or directing air ring described in WO 2009/149950, so that the content of WO 2009/149950 is hereby incorporated in full in the disclosure of the present description.

Electrode ring diameter: d _E i. _ring = 220 mm +/- 10 mm

Distance of electrodes to GT edge (directly in air): di = 140 mm Distance GT edge to LLR edge (LLR: shaping air ring): d ₂ = 6 mm to 30 mm, preferably 12 mm

Distance of electrodes to GT edge (axial): d ₃ = 105 mm to 165 mm, preferably 118 mm

Preferably, a ratio of the electrode ring diameter to the bell cup diameter with the above sizes is:

Furthermore, the following relationship applies with the above values:

A wall thickness of a shaping air ring of at least 5 mm is preferred.

It is possible to connect individual components firmly together, eg to weld or as a whole (one-piece) to manufacture, and to consider as a component. Thus, for example, the shaping air ring 121 together with the housing element 117 or the bus can be understood as "storage unit insulation". The combination of the electrode ring or the electrode assembly 101 with the 60 ° atomizer housing element 113, however, may be referred to as a "charging device". In addition, a combination of the Zerstäubergehäuseelementes 113 and Isolierhϋlse 201 is possible. In addition, the combination of the Electrode ring or the electrode assembly 101 with the preferably 60 ° Zerstaubergehauseelement 113 and the Isier lierhulse 201 advantageously as "Aufladehulse" to manufacture or denote .all components can also be connected in particular modular and interconnected as an "Außenaufladungszerstauber " to be viewed as.

All surfaces of the atomizer housing and / or the insulating sleeve can be provided with a skeleton on the reverse side, structured or wavy, in order to (significantly) increase the creepage distances for possible discharge currents. Preferably, 3 to 50 ribs with a respective height between 1 mm and 20 mm can be used. However, it is also possible to form the aforementioned surfaces smoothly.

Overall, a modular and / or by means of threads or other way loose or removable construction of all or at least some components is sought, which allows the use of each adapted components depending on the application. The charging device, i. the charging and electrode ring, for example, can be equipped with 3 to 60 short or long electrodes or fingers. As a universally applicable application, a special combination of a shaping air ring and bell cup is provided, with an external charging with a flexible spray jet is possible, so that in an interior / detail painting a small spray jet between 50 - 280 mm and in a Außenlackie- tion a large spray jet with 150 - 550 mm can be used. The entire system can be operated by slight modifications also with Luftzerstaubersystemen.

Preferably, the shaping air ring or the spraying part having the shaping air ring has to be manufactured from insulating material due to insulation measures. For targeted derivation Entladυngsstromen the shaping air ring can also be performed partly insulating and partly conductive. Likewise, the bell cup can be made insulating or partially insulating, provided that another counter electrode / ignition electrode is used to ignite the necessary corona discharge, for example a conductive or teilleitfahiger shaping air ring. As a result, a smaller painting distance is possible, which may preferably be 150 mm. The smallest possible distance in air of the electrodes to an object or a vehicle body can be up to 10 mm.

The painting distance can be reduced to up to 10 mm, preferably 150 mm, by using the universal bell-plate steering air system in comparison to the standard system. At a paint distance of 150 mm no more soiling is observed compared to the standard system at 200 - 300 mm.

The setting parameters can be divided into application areas. For the application under high voltage, the following three possible operating modes must be mentioned:

1) Voltage constant

2) constant current

3) Current constant and voltage limited

The operating mode 1) is preferably used in direct charging, for example for the application of solvent paints. The voltage is set to a constant value between -40 to -85 kV.

The modes 2) and 3) are preferably used in an external charging, for example, for the application of water-based paints. In particular, the operating mode 3) can be are preferably used for the compact external charging described above.

By means of painting by external charging in constant current operation (operating modes 2 and 3), the voltage is regulated, depending on the ambient conditions, for example as a function of a counterpotential, surrounding the electrode tips. The resistances in the electrode support device (101) regulate the stress at a high reaction rate without causing flashovers. Thus, it is possible to respond ideally to motion changes, e.g. Close passage on grounded object parts. This is not possible in a direct charging (voltage constant operation 1) in this way.

Since the transferable charge on an electrode finger is low in the range of the ignition energy limit, can be dispensed with when switching off the high voltage on a ground switch.

By way of example, in the application of the insulating plastic partial coating, the operating mode 3 can be used to limit or switch off the voltage to a lower value if a grounded goods carrier, for example a metal rack behind the edge areas of the bumper, leads to over-stratification. In areas where the grounded goods carrier does not work or works less, the voltage limitation can be adjusted to higher values.

To avoid contamination or contamination of the atomizer with atomized paint at e.g. a basecoat job (without

High voltage), a certain voltage (operating mode 1) or a certain current (operating mode 2 or 3) can be specified. In the case of exterior skin painting, the following parameters can be set: a constant current I between 200 μA to 500 μA, preferably 400 μA, a voltage U limited to a maximum of -85 to -100 kV, preferably -90 kV. For example, a total current of 400 μA is distributed as follows: 60 to 250 μA flow to the object or to the body, 340 to 150 μA flow to the grounded bell cup or atomizer.

The ratio is preferred

Electricity (bell plate) / electricity (object) as follows:

In the case of interior / detail painting, a constant current I between 200 μA to 500 μA, preferably 400 μA, and a voltage U of a maximum of -80 to -100 kV limited, preferably -85 kV, can be set. Here, a total current of 400 μA is distributed as follows: 40 to 200 μA flow through the paint mist to the object / body, 360 to 200 μA flow to grounded bell cup or atomizer.

The ratio is preferred

Electricity (bell plate) / electricity (object) as follows:

This combination and the overall compact design make it easy to access critical body areas, for example in Turbereichen, be ensured with the best possible Lackierergebnis.

10b shows a side view and FIG. 10c shows a perspective view of an atomizer according to a further embodiment and in particular a modified housing element 117 and a modified electrode arrangement or electrode mounting device 101. FIGS. 10b, 10c also show a atomizer housing element 113 an insulating sleeve 201 is releasably attached. Further, another Isolierhulse 210 can be seen, which is releasably connected to the Isolierhulse 201. The further Isolierhulse 210 is provided to cover a robot hand axis and / or a receiving device for a fastening means for mounting or dismounting a nebulizer insulating. It can also be seen from FIGS. 10b, 10c that it is possible to design the atomizer housing element 113 and / or the insulating sleeve 201 correspondingly long in order to do justice to the previous purpose. Depending on requirements, therefore, a Zerstaubergehauseelement (emstuckig), a Zerstaubergehauseelement with a releasably attachable Isolierhulse (zweistuckig), or a Zerstaubergehauseelement with a releasably attachable Isolierhulse to which a further Isolierhulse is releasably attachable (three-piece), provided to a To allow insulating cover a robot hand axis and / or a fixture for a fastener for mounting or dismounting a nebulizer.

The electrode arrangement or the electrode mounting device 101 is substantially annularly formed about an axis of symmetry 105 and arranged substantially coaxially to the axis of symmetry 105. The electrode arrangement comprises a substantially circular-shaped section and the electrode support device 101 (a widening section) which projects obliquely toward (radially) outwards and towards (axially) forwardly (or in the direction of the discharge element / bell plate 119 or toward the side of the Abspruh- elements / bell cup 119), in particular substantially konusformig widening and / or protruding. The electrodes or electrode accommodating spaces 107 are accommodated in the expanding electrode holding device 101 and thus likewise extend obliquely outwards and forwards.

The substantially annular portion includes a thread connected to a thread of the atomizer housing member 113. The annular portion and the thread of the electrode assembly can not be seen in Figures 10b, 10c because they are covered by the atomizer housing member 113.

FIGS. 10b, 10c also show a shaping air ring 121, which is incorporated in the housing element 117. In this case, the housing member 117 is the atomizer portion 121 having the atomizing portion.

Fig. 10d shows an atomizer which, with the exception of the electrode arrangement, is identical to the atomizer according to Figs. 10b, 10c. The expanding electrode support device 101 shown in Figs. 10b, 10c is provided as a single widening portion, whereas the electrode support device 101 shown in Fig. 10d has a plurality of breaks and thus comprises a plurality of sections, respectively project outside and / or forward, are equally spaced in the circumferential direction. Each one The portion of the expanding electrode holding device 101 of FIG. 10d comprises an electrode or an electrode accommodating space 107 and curves toward its free end. The electrodes in the atomizer according to FIG. 10d are preferably arranged identically to the electrodes of the atomizers according to FIGS. 10b and 10c.

FIG. 11 shows various views of a housing element 1101, which corresponds to the housing element 117 shown in FIG. 1. The housing element includes a thread 1103 for screwing to a Zerstaubergehauseelement, for example, the Zerstaubergehauseelement 113 of Fig. 1. The thread may for example be a M110x2 thread with a Gewindelange of at least 9 mm, preferably 20 mm. This thread can be lubricated, for example, with an insulating medium, eg, insulating grease, preferably vaseline, and forms a labyrinth with the thread 1103 for possible discharge paths. Furthermore, a further thread 1105 is provided for screwing to a shaping air ring, for example the steering air 121 of FIG. 1. The thread can be a M65x2 thread with a thread length of at least 9 mm. The housing element 1101 is designed, for example, as a tube and has a surface 1107 which may be smooth or wavy in order to achieve the above-described insulation effect. The larger the surface 1107, the greater the creepage distances for a discharge current of high-voltage electrode tips to the grounded Abspruhelement 119, for example, a bell cup, or a turbine forward. The housing element may for example be formed of an insulating material, preferably of PTFE, and be provided to cover, for example, underlying grounded bearing unit insulating. To reduce weight, a foamed material, for example a lattice-like crosslinking, or multi-layer layers can be used, wherein the insulation preferably corresponds to that of a solid material. The housing member may have a thickness between 1 mm and 15 mm at a length of, for example, 140 mm or in the range of 85 mm to 185 mm. On the housing element 1101, an insulating plastic air ring of, for example, a mixture of PTFE and MoS _{2 can also be} integrated, which can be screwed on or firmly connected, for example, welded, glued or sintered.

The parts shown in Figures 1-12 (e.g., the electrode assembly, the housing member, the atomizer housing member, and / or the insulating sleeve) may have the dimensional ratios shown in the figures.

Furthermore, the preferred dimensions, dimensions, distances, ratios, etc. explained with reference to FIG. 10a may also apply to the embodiments shown in FIGS. 10b, 10c and 10d.

FIGS. 12a to 12g show exemplary field profiles which show the desired current flow from the electrode tips (high voltage) to earthed elements such as, for example, a bell cup or a hand axis or the like, using the example of a rotary atomizer 1201. In this case, the current flow through the respective object can be increased by the shielding measures. In FIG. 12 a, the rear discharge currents 1203 are stronger than the discharge currents 1207 directed to a bell plate 1205.

As shown in FIG. 12 b, it is possible for an insulating sleeve 1209 to cause the rear discharge streams 1211 to be weakened in relation to the front of the bell cup 1201 directed discharge currents are 1203. The insulation inwards and backwards can be realized by a material selection, by a material thickness, by a length of the insulating sleeve 1209, by a thread, which can be provided with insulating medium such as vases lme, or by other manufacturing processes.

As shown in FIG. 12c, a change in the field line concentration or discharge current 1215 forwardly to an edge of the bell cup 1217 may be effected by covering it.

As shown in FIG. 12d, a change in a field line concentration or discharge current 1219 to the bell cell can be effected by different angles of electrodes 1221 or by covered electrodes 1221.

As shown in FIG. 12e, a field line concentration 1223 may be effected by a modular construction of an electrode 1225 for various use cases, for example for the outer skin or for the interior painting.

As shown in Fig. 12f, a concentration of the backward discharge stream 1225 and the bellcup directed discharge stream 1227 may be effected by, for example, a 60 ° angled atomizer housing element 1229, which may be insulated, particularly for interior painting. An insulating sleeve 1230 connected to the atomizer housing element 1229 effects an influence on a discharge current component 1231 extending in the direction of the manual axis of the atomizer.

In Fig. 12g is an exemplary extension of a leakage current path 1233, which has a propagation path for a Defines discharge current component, illustrated by a sleeve 1235 or its thread.

The outer charging concept described above allows a compact and modular design of rotary atomizers and is therefore particularly suitable for the Karosseπeinnenpflierung, for the attachment painting, for the outer skin painting and / or for interior painting. Furthermore, this makes it possible to produce Rotationszerstauber which can be cleaned in a compact Zerstauberreimgungsgerat.

The already described use of an air heater, e.g. In addition, the control air (engine air) or the bearing clearance of the storage unit allows faster drying after the atomiser has been used.

In addition, an application of water-based paints in the interior or detail painting without an extensive potential separation with the same system as in the outer skin painting is possible, resulting in a simple structure and low maintenance costs. Furthermore, comparable coating application efficiencies or paint layer thicknesses can be achieved in comparison with standard systems, both in interior or detail painting and in exterior skin painting. In addition, low atomizing contamination, good cleaning options and the use of compact atomizer cleaning devices are made possible.

In compliance with certain safety aspects, it is possible to apply not only difficult or non-flammable paints (formerly yellow or green), such as water-based paints, but also flammable paints (formerly red), such as mederohmic solvent paints in particular to be painted under high tension with a high proportion of solids using the aforementioned electrostatic atomizer. Here, both the inner and the outer coating of low-resistance paints can be carried out in an advantageous manner with the same atomizer.

Advantageously, spark surpluses, for example, between a bell-shaped edge and the body or paint object due to the design, both in the interior and in the exterior paint can be avoided, so that a coating of Karosseriehohlraumen or narrow, sharp edges with higher voltages than direct charging possible is. Furthermore, a painting with or without high voltage is possible, with both body and Klemteilelackierungen in low and high Stuckzahlen can be realized, whereby a higher flexibility and a higher security can be achieved.

There is a relationship between the conductivity of a coating and the order efficiency in a certain range: the higher the conductivity or the lower the resistance of a coating, the greater the application efficiency.

In the field of solvent-based paints (some 100 kOhm Ransburg-resistance), the greatest potential for improvement can be seen. Increasing the conductivity of a solvent-based coating to a few kOhms results in an increase in the application efficiency. However, with conventional direct charging technology, operation is no longer possible without problems or without compromise. It had to be avoided on expensive and expensive potential separation systems. An application of these paints with the aforementioned atomizer (compact external charging) is a significant more favorable variant with a comparable result in terms of order efficiency.

For example, in the plastic accessory coating with an extremely low-resistance solvent-based clearcoat, the aforementioned atomizer is particularly advantageous for use, as well as in the car paint finish both in the interior and in the outer skin.

Further, in the plastic accessory paint shop, the use of e.g. even an advantage for an extremely low-resistance lottery paint varnish. The already applied filler and basecoat layers or the substrate in general can be electrically insulated, so that the use of a high-conductivity solvent clearcoat material again ensures a connection to the earth and thus a good application efficiency.

The invention also encompasses the recognition that by evaluating current (I) and / or voltage (U), a positioner monitoring / detection / determination of an object to be painted and / or of the atomizer, in particular of the electrode arrangement, can be achieved , Preferably, the relative position between the atomizer and the object to be fired can be monitored, detected and / or determined.

If, for example, the electrode ring or the electrode arrangement approaches an earthed object, the voltage is regulated down in the case of a given current in operating mode 2 or 3 (I-constant., U). This behavior can be exploited to determine the distance between the electrode ring and grounded object, and se to the position of the object to be painted against the atomizer to pull.

In the case of a bodywork painting, for example, the position of a door or bonnet to be painted, etc. can be determined or at least the information: object positioned yes or no.

One possible embodiment provides for the values of actual current I and actual voltage U to be recorded or recorded. The evaluation can be carried out differentially dl / dt or dü / dt to changing environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, etc.) or the Zerstauber- pollution or already painted layers on the Lackierobjekt, which Emfluss on the current or Voltage values have to be calculated.

Variant 1: In order to calibrate the system, one or more "master positions" (logging the distances of the electrode tips to the object) can be defined for each atomiser in a clean condition:

Logging of the absolute values of current I and voltage U at defined distances x and formation of relative values dl (x) / dt or dU (x) / dt.

Example: The robot travels at a constant speed (200 mm / s) a distance of 200 mm in the direct direction of the object, distance between electrode tips and object x = 250 mm. Every 20 mm, U and I are recorded. Time interval dt = 100 ms → calculation dl (x) / dt or dü (x) / dt).

During a production (painting cycle), the absolute values of actual current I and actual voltage U at For example, in the event of excessive deviations (towards lower voltage values) of the actual current and voltage values, atomizer forced cleaning can be detected or initiated.

Variant 2: Since the voltage is not linearly dependent on the distance and, in addition, the geometry of the object and the position of the electrode ring with respect to the object are included, a theoretical approximation curve with parameters can be stored. These parameters can then be adapted individually for the respective object by software. For each modified object to be painted (eg door, bonnet, etc.), a different approximate curve with corresponding parameters can be stored or recreated once. The adaptation of the theoretical approximation to reality is e.g. once by the measurement of U and I at different defined distances x from the object to be painted (see embodiment variant 1).

Embodiments 1 and 2 can be combined for redundant position monitoring, but each can also be used individually.

The determination of the position of an object to be painted can take place via a defined movement of the atomizer (electrode ring) in the direction of the object (eg door or hood, etc.). By calculating the values dU / dt or dl / dt, the comparison with the master positions x makes it possible to determine whether the object to be painted is correctly positioned within a tolerance range or not. The invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments described above. Rather, a variety of variants and modifications is possible, which also make use of the inventive idea and therefore fall within the scope.

Claims

1. Electrode arrangement for an electrostatic atomizer, in particular for a rotary atomizer and / or preferably for external charging of coating agent, with:

a) an electrode holding device (101) for holding at least one electrostatic field generating electrode (108) about an axis of symmetry (105); b) wherein a dielectric material (103, 715) for

Influencing a extending in the direction of the axis of symmetry discharge current component of a discharge current is provided.

2. Electrode arrangement according to claim 1, wherein a) the dielectric material (103, 715) is in particular asymmetrically arranged or formed and is provided for selectively influencing the direction of the axis of symmetry (105) extending discharge current component; and / or b) the dielectric material (103, 715) is provided on the at least one electrode in such a way that insulation is achieved inwards and / or backwards and / or forwards and / or outwards.

3. Electrode arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, having at least one electrode (108) which is connected to the electrode holder device (101) for generating the electrostatic charge. The at least one electrode (108) in the electrode support means (101) at least partially or up to an electrode end, which may be between about 1 mm and 5 mm long, or completely or largely completely positionable, preferably embedded or housed or plugged or can be sunk in the Elektrodenhalterungsemrichtung.

4. An electrode assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a) in the electrode support device or in an insulating material of the electrode support device or in the dielectric material, at least one resistor is preferably provided for preventing stress flashovers; and / or b) the at least one resistor has a length of about 30mm or between about 30mm to 100mm, and / or a diameter of about 8mm or between about 6mm and 12mm; and / or c) at least one preferably sleeve-shaped resistance receiving means is provided for receiving at least one resistor; and / or d) the at least one resistance-receiving means is coated or filled with an insulating medium; and / or e) the at least one resistor is coated or sheathed by an insulating medium or embedded in an insulating medium; and / or f) a closure means, preferably made of plastic, is provided for closing the resistance-receiving means; and / or g) the at least one resistor and / or the at least one resistance receiving means substantially Chen is arranged parallel to the axis of symmetry; and / or h) the closure means and / or the resistor and / or the resistance-receiving means comprises at least one sealing ring.

5. Electrode arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, a) wherein the electrode mounting device comprises at least one preferably cylindrical receiving space for receiving an electrode (108); and / or b) at least one electrode (108) and / or at least one electrode receiving space is angled relative to the axis of symmetry and / or extends obliquely outwards and / or forwards or backwards; and / or c) with at least one electrode receiving space and / or at least one electrode (108) connected to the electrode holding device (101)

Generation of the electrostatic field can be coupled, wherein an angle between the electrode receiving space and / or the electrode (108) and the axis of symmetry (105) is greater than 0 ° and not greater, preferably less than 180 °, in particular approximately 55 ° is; and / or d) with at least one electrode receiving space and / or at least one electrode (108), substantially parallel or non-parallel or wind obliquely to the symmetry axis (105).

6. Electrode arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, a) with at least one electrode (108) which can be coupled to the electrode mounting device (101) for generating the electrostatic field, and wherein the dielectric material (103, 715), in particular a dielectric bead or a dielectric projection, between the at least an electrode (108) and / or the at least one electrode receiving space and the axis of symmetry (105) is arranged or the at least one electrode (108) and / or the at least one electrode

Receiving space asymmetrically encloses or does not enclose or only partially encloses; and / or b) wherein the dielectric material (103, 715), in particular the dielectric bead or the dielectric projection, widens and / or coaxially with respect to

Is arranged symmetry axis and / or extends annularly around the axis of symmetry and / or extends obliquely outwards and / or forwardly.

7. An electrode assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the dielectric material (103, 715) is arranged to affect or not to affect or to attenuate less than the discharge current component a further discharge current component opposite the discharge current component.

8. Electrode arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a) the electrode mounting device (101) is in particular formed annularly about the axis of symmetry (105) or wherein a plurality of electrodes (108) are arranged in particular annularly around the axis of symmetry (105) and connected to the electrode mounting device. (101) is coupled or wherein the electrostatic field in the direction of the axis of symmetry is extendable and / or coronary about the axis of symmetry (105) is extendable; and / or b) in the assembled state of the atomizer the

Symmetryeachse coincides with the central axis of a Abspruh- element and / or the central axis of the atomizer.

9. Electrode arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, comprising:

a plurality of electrodes (108) disposed about the axis of symmetry (105) and coupled to the electrode support means (101), the ends of the plurality of electrodes (108) facing away from the electrode support means (101) Circular path are arranged; and where

a ratio of a radius of the circular path to a radius of a cross section of a Abspruhelementes (119), in particular a bell cup (119), the electrostatic atomizer or to a radius of a cross section of the Elektrodenhalte- tion device (101), predetermined, in particular within a tolerance range is equal to π , or within one

Range, in particular between 2 and 4 or between 2.5 and 3.5 or between 3 and 3.2; or where

a ratio of a product of a radius of the circular path and a distance of the circular path to a Abspruhelement (119), in particular a bell cup, the electrostatic atomizer is to a squared diameter of the component in a range between 2π and 4π.

10. Electrode arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, comprising:

at least one electrode (108) which can be coupled to the electrode holder device (101) for producing the electrostatic field, wherein the at least one electrode (108) has a variable electrode length or at least one movable electrode section which can be pushed telescopically onto a further electrode section or into which can be inserted.

11. Electrode arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, with at least one electrode (108) which can be coupled to the electrode holder device (111) for generating the electrostatic field, wherein the at least one electrode (108) with a dielectric material, in particular Polytetrafluoroethylene, sheathed.

12. Electrode arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the electrode arrangement and / or the dielectric

Material and / or the electrode holding device (101) a) comprises a coaxial with the axis of symmetry (105) arranged thread (116); and / or b) the thread (116) is provided to be connected to a nebulizer housing member (113); and / or c) the thread (116) is tapered to produce self-locking; and / or d) the thread (116) is arranged coaxially with the axis of symmetry; and / or e) the thread (116) is provided to be provided with insulating medium, or provided with insulating medium, preferably for preventing or Minimizing a discharge current or a discharge current component; and / or f) the thread (116) is provided in order to achieve a preferably enlarged discharge path and / or a labyrinth for the discharge current; and / or g) the thread (116) is provided to reduce or avoid unwanted discharges.

13. The electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein the electrode holding device has a first electrical connection for contacting at least one electrode, and wherein the electrode arrangement has a second electrical connection or a charging ring for contacting the first electrical connection outside is guided.

14. An electrode arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the electrode arrangement and / or the electrode holder (101) and / or the dielectric material (103, 715) a) is shaped in a substantially annular manner about the axis of symmetry; and / or b) is arranged substantially coaxially to the axis of symmetry; and / or c) a central opening defined for receiving a housing element (117) of the atomizer and / or for the passage of a coating agent; and / or d) accommodates at least one electrode receiving space and / or at least one electrode and / or at least one resistance receiving means and / or at least one resistor.

15. An electrode assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a) one or more electrode receiving spaces are connected to one or more resistance-receiving means; and / or b) one or more electrodes are connected to one or more resistors; and / or c) at least one electrode receiving space and / or at least one electrode and / or at least one resistor receiving means and / or at least one resistor spaced from the central axis and / or the axis of symmetry; and / or d) a plurality of electrode receiving spaces and / or a plurality of electrodes and / or a plurality of resistance receiving means and / or a plurality of resistors to the

Center axis and / or the symmetry axis are arranged around.

16. Electrode arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the electrode arrangement and / or the electrode holder (101) and / or the dielectric material (103, 715) a) has a substantially annular portion and / or at least one widening Ab - section includes; and / or b) the flared portion extends from the substantially annular portion; and / or c) the substantially annular portion comprises the thread and / or at least one resistor and / or at least one resistance receiving space; and or d) the widening section accommodates at least one electrode and / or at least one electrode receiving space.

17. atomizer housing element (113), in particular for holding the electrode assembly according to one of the preceding claims for an electrostatic atomizer, preferably for a Rotationszerstauber, the electrostatic atomizer having a Zerstaubergehause with a housing element (117) having a first diameter, wherein the housing element (117) for receiving or covering a storage device for a Abspruhelement (119), in particular for a bell cup, is suitable, wherein:

the atomizer housing member (113) has a second diameter different from the first diameter; and where

a diameter difference between the first diameter and the second diameter defines an electrode support portion (115) for supporting the electrode assembly.

18. The atomizer housing element (113) according to claim 17, wherein a) a first thread (313) and / or a second thread (311) is provided at a first end of the atomizer housing element (113); and / or b) a third thread (309) is provided at a second end of the atomizer housing member (113); and / or c) the first thread (313) is provided for connecting the atomizer housing element (113) to the electrode assembly; and or d) the second thread (311) is provided for connecting the demister housing element (113) to the housing element (117); and / or e) the third thread (309) is provided for connecting the atomizer housing element (113) with an insulating sleeve; and / or f) the electrode support portion (115) intervening between a surface of the atomizer housing member

(113) and the second thread (311) extends and / or is provided on an end face of the Zerstaubergehause- elements.

The atomizer housing member (113) according to claim 17 or 18, a) wherein the atomizer housing member (113) has a central axis extending through the atomizer housing member (113); and / or b) wherein the second diameter is greater than the first one

Diameter or wherein the first diameter is greater than the second diameter.

20. atomizer housing element (113) according to any one of claims 17 to 19, wherein the difference in diameter defines an at least partially in Abspruhπchtung facing surface or at least partially pointing in Abspruhπchtung projection, in particular a circumferential surface or a circumferential projection for holding the electrode assembly.

21. atomizer housing element (113) according to one of claims 17 to 20, a) which is straight or, in particular in an angular range by 60 °, angled; and / or (b) which is intended to provide a mounting device for a fastener for mounting or dismounting. To cover the installation of an atomizer and / or a robot hand axis insulating.

22. The atomizer housing element (113) according to claim 17, wherein the electrode mounting area has at least one electrical connection or charging ring for electrically contacting at least one electrical connection of the electrode arrangement or one electrode charging ring.

The nebulizer housing member (113) according to any one of claims 17 to 22, wherein the electrode support portion has at least one thread for extending a discharge gap.

A nebulizer housing member (113) according to any one of claims 17-23, wherein the first thread (313) and / or the second thread (311) and / or the third thread (309) a) is arranged coaxially with the central axis; and / or b) is provided to be provided with insulating medium, or provided with insulating medium, preferably for preventing or minimizing a discharge current or a discharge current component; and / or c) is tapered to produce self-locking; and / or d) is provided in order to achieve a preferably enlarged discharge path and / or a labyrinth for discharge current; and / or e) is provided to reduce or avoid unwanted discharges.

25. Atomizer housing for an electrostatic atomizer, in particular for a rotary atomizer, comprising: a housing element (117) having a first diameter for receiving or covering a bearing device and / or a drive turbine for a spray-off element (119), in particular for a bell cup; and

preferably with the atomizer housing element (113) according to one of claims 17 to 24.

26. The atomizer housing according to claim 25, wherein a) a central axis extends through the housing element (117) and / or the atomizer housing; and / or b) the housing member (117) includes a first thread (1103) at a first end; and / or c) the housing member (117) includes a second thread (1105) at a second end; and / or d) the first thread (1103) is provided for connection to the atomizer housing element (113); and / or e) the second thread (1105) is provided for connection to a spray part having a shaping air ring; and / or f) the diameter of the first thread (1103) is greater than the diameter of the second thread (1105); and / or g) the first thread (1103) and / or the second thread (1105) are arranged coaxially with the central axis; and / or h) a shaping air ring is incorporated into the housing element (117).

27. atomizer housing according to claim 25 or 26, wherein the first thread (1103) and / or the second thread (1105) a) extends around the housing element (117) and / or the central axis; and / or b) is provided to be provided with insulating medium, or provided with insulating medium, preferably for preventing or minimizing a

Discharge current or a discharge current component; and / or c) is tapered to produce self-locking; and / or d) is provided to a preferably enlarged

Discharge path and / or a labyrinth for discharge current to achieve; and / or e) is provided to reduce or avoid unwanted discharges.

The atomizer housing according to any one of claims 25-27, wherein the electrode support portion (115) is formed between an outer surface of the atomizer housing member (113) and an outer surface of the housing member (117).

The atomizer housing of any of claims 25-28, wherein the atomizer housing member (113) is connected to the housing member

(117) releasably, in particular by means of the thread (123, 1103) or a snap connection or a latching connection or a clamping connection, connected and this in particular with respect to an arrangement of the Abspruhelementes (119) can be stored.

30. atomizer housing according to one of claims 25-29, a) with one or more dielectric Isolierhulsen

(201, 401) for covering a robot hand axis, which is preferably acted upon or acted upon by a ground potential; and or b) with an electrode assembly according to any one of claims 1-16.

31 Isolierhulse (201, 401) for a Zerstaubergehause for hand axis isolation, preferably for the isolation of a robot hand axis, in particular according to one of claims 25 to 30, a) wherein the Isolierhulse (201, 401) has a connecting portion (403) for releasably connecting , in particular by means of a threaded connection or a

Snap-fit connection with the atomizer housing and formed from an insulating or dielectric material, in particular polytetrafluoroethylene; and / or b) wherein a further Isolierhulse is provided for connection to the Isolierhulse; and / or c) wherein the insulating sleeve or the further Isolierhulse is provided to cover a receiving device for a fastening means for mounting or dismounting an atomizer and / or a robot hand axis insulating.

32. Isolierhulse (201, 401) according to claim 31, wherein a) extends a central axis through the Isolierhulse (201, 401) and / or the further Isolierhulse; and / or b) a first thread is provided at a first end of the insulating sleeve; and / or c) a second thread is provided at a second end of the insulating sleeve; and / or d) the first thread is provided for connection to the atomizer housing element (113); and / or e) the second thread is provided for connection to the further Isolierhulse; and or f) the diameter of the first thread is substantially equal to the diameter of the second thread; and / or g) the first thread and / or the second thread is arranged coaxially to the central axis.

33. insulating sleeve (201, 401) according to claim 31 or 32, wherein the first thread and / or the second thread a) extends around the insulating sleeve (201, 401) and / or the central axis around; and / or b) is provided to be provided with insulating medium, or provided with insulating medium, preferably for preventing or minimizing a discharge current or a discharge current component; and / or c) is tapered to produce self-locking; and / or d) is provided in order to achieve a preferably enlarged discharge path and / or a labyrinth for discharge current; and / or e) is provided to reduce or avoid unwanted discharges.

34. insulating sleeve (201, 401) according to any one of claims 31-33, whose length is in a range between about 100 mm and 200 mm or about 140 mm and 160 mm or about 150 mm.

35. insulating sleeve (201, 401) according to any one of claims 31-34, the surface for surface enlargement uneven, in particular structured or wavy, is.

36. An electrostatic atomizer, preferably a rotary atomizer, in particular suitable for external charging in the inner / detail coating and the outer coating, comprising: a) the electrode arrangement according to one of Claims 1-16; and / or b) the atomizer housing element according to any of claims 17-24; and / or c) the atomizer housing according to any of claims 25-30; and / or d) the insulating sleeve (201, 401) according to any one of claims 31-35; and / or e) suitable for interior / detail coating without potential separation.

37. Electrostatic sprayer according to claim 36, having a Abspruhelement (119), in particular a bell cup (119), and at least one electrode (108), which is halterbar by the electrode assembly, the electrostatic atomizer by means of a manual axis side Verbindungsele- element, in particular a wherein a ratio of a distance between an electrode end of the at least one electrode (108) to the Abspruhelement (119) or to the hand-axis-side connecting element in a range between 1.5 and 2 or with a Isolierhulse covered connecting element, in particular a flange 2 and 2.5 and / or wherein a distance (dl) between an electrode end of the at least one electrode (108) to the Abspruhelement (119), in particular to a Abspruhelementkan- te, in particular a Glockentellerkante, in a range between 80mm and 250mm is and / or wherein a distance between the at least one electr ode (108) to the hand axis or to a connecting element, in particular to a connecting flange, of the electrostatic atomizer in a is between about 120 mm and 625 mm or about 195 mm or about 240 mm.

38. The electrostatic sprayer according to claim 36, wherein the electrostatic atomizer has a shaping air ring, the electrode arrangement having at least one electrode, and wherein the electrode arrangement and / or the housing element are made of dielectric material for influencing a in the direction of the symmetry axis (105) and / or in the direction of the spray-off element (119) extending current component for charging a sprayable paint or atomized paint are formed.

39. An electrostatic atomizer according to any one of claims 36-38, wherein the electrode assembly and / or the housing member (117) and / or the insulating sleeve (201, 401) and / or the shaping air ring (121) and / or the Zerstäubergehäuseelement

(113) can each be held in place by means of a releasable connection mechanism, preferably a thread (116, 123, 309), in particular a connection mechanism (116, 123, 309) coated with insulating medium or surrounded by insulating medium, and / or wherein the thread (116 , 123, 309) has at least one diaphragm, in particular a diaphragm coated with insulating medium, wherein the thread (116, 123, 309) and / or the at least one diaphragm are provided to effect an extension, in particular through a labyrinth, of a discharge current path ,

40. An electrostatic sprayer according to any one of claims 36-39, a) wherein the insulating sleeve (201, 401) and / or the

Shaping air ring (121) and / or the electrode arrangement and / or the housing element (117) and / or the atomizer housing element (113) and / or a spray-off element (119), in particular a bell cup (119), are modular exchangeable; and / or b) wherein the atomizer part having the shaping air ring and / or the housing element (117) has the lateral surface facing away from the component to be coated

Abspruhelements of a discharge current component, which is discharged from the at least one electrode, partially or substantially completely shields; and / or c) the spraying part having the shaping air ring and / or the housing element (117) shields the lateral surface of the spraying element facing away from the component to be coated from a discharge current component which is emitted by the at least one electrode and exposes the spraying element such that a discharge , in particular, can ignite a corona discharge; and / or d) the spray-off element does not protrude from the atomizer part having the shaping air ring and / or the housing element (117); and / or e) the Abspruhelement is partially or completely housed in the air freshener having the atomizing part and / or the housing element (117).

41. Operating method, in particular electrostatic dusting method with external charging of the coating agent, preferably for the inner / detail coating and the outer coating:

a) wherein an electrostatic field for electrostatic charging of the Abspruhstrahls is generated about an axis of symmetry; and a discharge current component of a discharge current which differs in Direction of the axis of symmetry, is dielectrically influenced by a dielectric material; and or

b) wherein an external charging of the coating agent is carried out in the inner / detail coating.

42. Operating method according to claim 41, wherein with the same atomizer and / or the same external charging system a) an inner / detail coating and an outer coating is performed; and / or b) external charging of the coating agent is carried out in the inner / detail coating and the outer coating; and / or c) an inner / detail coating and an outer coating with solvent-based paints and / or aqueous basecoats is carried out.

43. An operating method according to any of claims 41-42, wherein a discharge current component opposite the discharge current component is less or unaffected, in particular less or not damped, by the dielectric material.

44. The method of operation of any of claims 41-43, a) wherein the electrostatic field is generated by one or more electrodes disposed about the axis of symmetry; and / or b) wherein the painting distance between the front edge of the atomizer and the component to be coated, bl) is greater than or equal to approximately 5mm, 10mm, 50mm, 100mm, 150mm or 200mm; and or b2) is less than about 7.5mm, 25mm, 75mm, 125mm, 175mm or 225mm; and / or c) wherein the relative position between the atomizer and the component to be coated is monitored and / or determined and / or detected by evaluating

Current and / or voltage; and / or d) wherein an inner / detail coating is performed without potential separation.

45. Operating method according to one of claims 41-44, performed with a system comprising a) the electrode arrangement according to one of claims 1-16; and / or b) the atomizer housing element according to any one of claims 17-24; and / or c) the atomizer housing according to any of claims 25-30; and / or d) the insulating sleeve according to any one of claims 31-35; and / or e) the electrostatic sprayer according to any one of claims 36-40.

46. A method of manufacturing the electrode assembly of any of claims 1-16, comprising:

Forming an electrode holding device for holding the electrode around an axis of symmetry; and

Forming a dielectric material for influencing a discharge current component extending in the direction of the axis of symmetry.

47. A method for producing a Zerstäubergehäuseelementes according to any one of claims 17-24 for holding an E The electrode assembly according to any one of claims 1-16 for an electrostatic atomizer, comprising:

Forming the Zerstäubgehauseelements according to any one of claims 17-24 with the second diameter to define an electrode denhalterungsbereich for holding the electrode assembly according to one of claims 1 to 16 by a difference in diameter between the first diameter and the second diameter.

48. A method of manufacturing the atomizer housing according to any one of claims 25-30, comprising:

Forming the housing element for receiving or covering a storage device for a Abspruhelement, in particular for a bell cup, with the first diameter; and

Forming the Zerstaubergehauseelementes according to any one of claims 17-24.

49. A method of manufacturing the electrostatic sprayer according to any one of claims 36-40, comprising:

Forming the Zerstaubergehauses according to any one of claims 25-30 and / or the Isolierhulse according to one of claims 31- 35;

Forming the electrode assembly according to any one of claims 1-16;

Merging of the atomizer housing, the insulating sleeve and / or the electrode assembly to obtain the electrostatic atomizer.

50th use

a) an electrostatic Rotationszerstaubers for external charging a coating agent in the inner / detail coating; and or

b) the electrostatic atomizer according to one of claims 36-40 for the interior / detail coating, in particular interior / detail painting, of vehicle bodies or small parts or attachments, in particular of plastic, or bumpers, in particular bumper elements or bumpers or bumpers.

51. A painting robot, comprising an electrostatic atomizer according to any one of claims 36-40.

52. The painting robot according to claim 51, comprising a receiving device for a fastening means for mounting or dismounting the atomizer and / or a robot hand axis, insulating covered by the insulating sleeve or the further insulating sleeve or the atomizer housing element.