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EP2402969A1 - Arc chamber for a medium- or high-voltage circuit breaker with reduced operating energy - Google Patents

Arc chamber for a medium- or high-voltage circuit breaker with reduced operating energy Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2402969A1
EP2402969A1 EP11172006A EP11172006A EP2402969A1 EP 2402969 A1 EP2402969 A1 EP 2402969A1 EP 11172006 A EP11172006 A EP 11172006A EP 11172006 A EP11172006 A EP 11172006A EP 2402969 A1 EP2402969 A1 EP 2402969A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
movable
arc
operating rod
chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11172006A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2402969B1 (en
Inventor
Assen Vassilev
Vincent Peyard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Technology GmbH
Original Assignee
Alstom Grid SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alstom Grid SAS filed Critical Alstom Grid SAS
Publication of EP2402969A1 publication Critical patent/EP2402969A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2402969B1 publication Critical patent/EP2402969B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H2033/028—Details the cooperating contacts being both actuated simultaneously in opposite directions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H2033/907—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism using tandem pistons, e.g. several compression volumes being modified in conjunction or sequential
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H2033/908—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism using valves for regulating communication between, e.g. arc space, hot volume, compression volume, surrounding volume

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a breaking chamber for use in a medium or high voltage circuit breaker typically in the range of 7.2 kV to 800 kV.
  • high voltage circuit breaker includes circuit breakers that can be classified in the non-standard ultra-high voltage category, i-e beyond 550 kV.
  • a low energy mechanism control usually a spring latch mechanism control which is located outside the interrupting chambers.
  • the speed of separation between the contacts is one of the main parameters to guarantee the break and the dielectric strength of the circuit breaker when it is opened.
  • contact means the whole of a permanent contact, also called principal, constituting an electrical contact (possibly with its hood). discharge guard) through which the nominal permanent current passes and an arc contact on which an electric arc is established during a power failure.
  • Cutoff chambers that include a movable contact and a fixed contact are commonly referred to as "single-motion”.
  • cutoff chambers which comprise two opposite contacts and which are simultaneously movable one and the other are commonly called "double movement".
  • the patent application EP 0907195 discloses a breaking chamber in which the moving assembly constituted by the operating rod 8 in the form of a tube, to which is fixed the permanent contact 1, the arc contact 6 and the blowing nozzle, has at its periphery two racks 32, 33 in meshing each with a fixed gear 34, 35 itself in meshing each with a rack mobile 30, 31 fixed on displacement rods 18, 19 fixed to the other permanent contact 5 and arc 7.
  • the operating rod 8 is moved in translation, the engagement achieved allows a simultaneous movement in sense opposite of the contacts 1, 6 with respect to the contacts 5, 7.
  • the patent application EP 1879207 also discloses a break chamber 1 with double movement, with a contact 3 directly connected to the operating rod and on which the first rack 8 is made, but a single pinion 6 fixed to a guide means 5b monoblock around the contact 3, 3a the other guide means being constituted by the second rack 7 screwed into the blowing nozzle 4 secured to the other contact 2, 2a.
  • the patent US 6,229,109 also relates to a double-action interrupting chamber in which a gear system with two fixed gears 5a, 5b are meshing each one internally with the racks 7a, 7b fixed on the arc contact 3 and on the other hand outside with the racks integrated in the operating rods 4a, 4b.
  • the latter allow the transmission of the movement in arc contact 3.
  • the passage of the electric current is effected through the flange 8.
  • All of these two-movement cut-off chambers include a transmission system that makes it possible to move the contacts in the opposite direction. However, they do not make it possible to increase the absolute speed of one of the contacts of arc relative to the speed imposed by the control maneuver.
  • the object of the invention is thus to propose a breaking chamber which does not have the disadvantages of the prior art, and therefore of proposing a solution which makes it possible to increase the absolute speed of at least one of the arcing contacts. relative to the speed imposed by the operating control while using a low maneuvering energy, such as for example, in the event of a high short-circuit current failure ( ⁇ 40 kA).
  • the at least one movable arc contact connected to the operating rod is linked indirectly to the latter by mechanical transmission means adapted to obtain a gear ratio in translation between said movable contact and the actuating rod greater than 1 and the blowing piston is integral with a movable arcing contact and a permanent arcing contact, the contact tube for supplying the current to the moving permanent contact being fixed.
  • the "operating rod” element is the elongated element which is moved by the operating control and which is the closest physically, among all the mechanical means of maneuvering , of the breaking room.
  • the interrupting chamber according to the invention comprises a single moving contact, that is to say that when the chamber constitutes a single-movement chamber, it can be considered as an advantageous alternative to a double-action interrupting chamber. in which the two contacts are movable one and the other and move simultaneously in opposite directions.
  • a chamber according to the invention with a simple movement has a moving mass smaller than a double-movement chamber according to the state of the art, that is to say with one of the arc contacts directly connected to the rod of maneuver and therefore it requires reduced maneuvering energy.
  • the operating energy is reduced due to the mass of the lower moving assembly and the compression speed of the gas is higher due to the connection of the blowing piston with the accelerated movable contact relative to the operating rod .
  • the transmission means comprise at least one meshing system with at least one pinion, a first rack fixedly arranged in the interrupting chamber and a second rack fixed to the moving contact, the first and second rack being arranged diametrically opposite one another with respect to the diameter of the pinion.
  • the invention can be applied to a double movement chamber, that is to say a chamber in which the two arc contacts are connected together by coupling means so as to be movable together in opposite directions.
  • the two movable arcing contacts move in the opposite direction and are indirectly connected to the operating rod, with, as mechanical transmission means, at least two meshing systems, the axis of the pinion of a system being fixed to the rod of maneuver, the axis of the pinion of the other system being fixed to a portion of the coupling means.
  • the coupling means comprise three levers, one of which is connected to the arc contact meshing with the actuating rod, the second lever being a lever for returning the movement of the first lever to which it is articulated, in the opposite direction to a third lever to which it is also articulated, the third lever being meshing with the other arcing contact via the pinion that it fixes.
  • the mobile contact (s) indirectly linked to the operating rod may be in the form of a tulip and / or in the form of a rod.
  • the invention also relates to a higher high or medium voltage circuit breaker comprising, for a pole, one or more breaking chambers described above.
  • the nominal current passes through the permanent contacts 2, 3 from the contact carrier tube 8 fixed current supply in permanent contact.
  • the nominal current passage is made between the arc contact 6 in the form of a tulip and the other arc contact in the form of a rod 5, through the fingers of the tulip which, during an opening, surrounds the rod and slides on its surface before their separation.
  • the gas present in the compression volume V1 is compressed by the blowing piston 60 integral with the arc contact 6 in the form of a tulip and the permanent contact 6, and is evacuated by the valve 61 to the volume blowing V2 and contributes to the extinction of the electric arc.
  • the passage sections 600, 800 which are respectively formed in the tube of the arc contact 6 and the permanent contact-holder tube 8 make it possible to evacuate the hot gas blown from the zone d arc towards the periphery of the chamber, as represented by the curved arrows G in figure 1 and in Figure 4B .
  • the operating rod and the moving arc contact (s) and the moving permanent contact are linked directly to each other, ie with a transmission ratio in translation equal to 1.
  • these mechanical means for increasing the transmission ratio advantageously consist of at least one rectilinear pinion and double racking meshing system, one of which is arranged on a fixed support and the other is integral with the movable arc contact.
  • Each of the two racks is in meshing with a pinion 41 whose axis 410 is fixed on the operating rod 4 ( figures 1 and 2 ) or with a pinion 91 whose axis is fixed on a coupling lever 90 forming part of coupling means 9 between arc contacts to make them mobile together in opposite directions ( Figures 3A - 3B and Figures 4A - 4B ).
  • the embodiment of the figure 1 illustrates a breaking chamber with a single moving arcing contact 6 in the form of a tulip, the other arcing contact 5 in the form of a rod being fixed.
  • two gear meshing systems 41 / racks 62, 80 are implemented only on the side of the tulip 6 of the interrupting chamber.
  • the two systems 41, 62, 80 are identical and are arranged on either side of the movable arcing contact 6.
  • first rack 80 made on the fixed permanent contact-holder tube 8 in the interrupting chamber.
  • An axis 410 is mounted at the end of the operating rod 4 and constitutes the axis of rotation of the pinion 41.
  • the second rack 62 is integral with the movable arcing contact 6 in the form of a tulip and arranged in a diametrically opposed position. with the first rack 80 with respect to the diameter of the pinion 41.
  • the speed of translation of the movable arcing contact 6 is doubled with respect to the speed of translation of the operating rod 4.
  • the pinion 41 is moved over a distance X 1 in the interrupting chamber by the operating rod 4
  • the movable arcing contact 6 moves for the same period of time over a double distance 2 ⁇ 1 , which doubles its speed translation.
  • the embodiment of the figure 2 illustrates a solution according to the invention also with two gear meshing systems 41 / racks 130, 310, but this time applied to the side of the arc contact 5 in the form of a rod.
  • Such a solution is described in the patent application entitled “Maneuvering Room Cutoff and Small Dimensions” filed the same day as the present application on behalf of the plaintiff.
  • On the figure 2 for each system, there is provided a first rack 130 made on a fixed support 13 in the interrupting chamber in which is housed the operating rod 4.
  • An axis 410 is mounted at the end of the operating rod 4 and constitutes the axis of rotation of the pinion 41.
  • the second rack 310 is integral with the moving arcing contact and movable 3, 5 and arranged being diametrically opposed with the first rack 130 relative to the diameter of the pinion 41.
  • FIG. 3A and 3B illustrates a breaking chamber with two movable arcing contacts, that is to say both that 6 in the form of a tulip, and that 5 in the form of a rod.
  • This breaking chamber according to the invention is said double-movement because the two arcing contacts 5, 6 are connected together by coupling means so as to be movable together in opposite directions. More exactly, these coupling means 9 consist of a system of levers 90, 91, 92.
  • the first lever 90 is attached to the movable blow nozzle 7 and transmits the movement in the opposite direction, through the second lever, which constitutes the return lever 91 to the third lever 92.
  • the return lever 91 is pivotally mounted around a fixed axis 910 in the breaking chamber.
  • An axis 920 is mounted at the end of the third lever 92 and constitutes the axis of rotation of a pinion 921.
  • a first rack 20 is provided on the same fixed part as the permanent contact 2 in the interrupting chamber.
  • the second rack 50 is integral with the movable arcing contact 5 in the form of a rod and arranged being diametrically opposed with the first rack 20 relative to the diameter of the pinion 921.
  • At least one rack / pinion meshing system is applied to each movable contact.
  • the operating rod 4 moves by a distance X1
  • the moving assembly comprising the arc contact in the form of a tulip 6, the permanent contact 3 and the blowing nozzle 7 moves a double distance 2X1
  • the movable arc contact in the form of a rod 5 moves simultaneously by a quadruple distance 4X1.
  • the relative distance between the arc contact in the form of a tulip 6 and the arc contact in the form of a rod 5 is equal to six times (6 ⁇ 1) the operating distance X 1 made by the operating rod 4 .
  • ⁇ are fixed end pieces 42 made of material with both a low coefficient of friction and resistant to high temperatures.
  • the material of the tips 42 is PTFE.
  • rings 43 are arranged between the stationary permanent contact-holder tube 8 and the meshing system 41, 62, 80. These tips 42 and rings 43 thus prevent the hot gases discharged during the break from entering the zone where they are located. arranged racks 41, 80 and sprockets 41.
  • an additional piece forming a spacer 21 On the other side of the interrupting chamber, that is to say on the fixed permanent contact 2 side is arranged in a fixed manner in the chamber, an additional piece forming a spacer 21 whose function is double. It provides both guiding with the guide strips 10 of the movable contact 5 during its translation to the opening over its entire travel and the deviation of the hot gases discharged from the cutoff zone to the openings 200 provided for this purpose. the periphery in the fixed permanent tube 2.
  • the hot gases are evacuated effectively (see arrows G indicated in FIG. Figure 4B ) at the periphery of the fixed permanent contact 2 and fixed contact-carrier tube 8 and by reducing their thermal impact to the components of the breaking chamber according to the invention.
  • the first rack is arranged in the inner part of the fixed support, it can be provided to realize it on the outer part.
  • the arcing contact is made so that the pinion meshes between this upper part of the fixed support and a lower part of an additional cylindrical tube connected to the operating rod.
  • the fixed support comprising the rack 80 advantageously constitutes a permanent contact-carrying tube 8 for supplying the nominal current from outside the interrupting chamber. It is possible to envisage a fixed support constituting a permanent output contact of the current towards the outside of the breaking chamber.
  • the translation of the arc contacts 5, 6 is provided to occur along the axis XX 'of the breaking chamber.
  • guide strips on either side of the operating rod 4 and, if appropriate, the contact mobile arc, as referenced 10 on the figures 1 , 3A and 3B , 4A and 4B to ensure the proper operation of gear meshing systems and racks according to the invention.

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  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)

Abstract

The device has a pair of movable arc contacts (5, 6), and a compression chamber whose volume (V1) varies and opens in a blowing chamber under action of a blowing-piston (60). One of the arc contacts is indirectly linked to an operating rod by mechanical transmission units for obtaining a value of ratio of displacement speed of the movable arc contact and the operating rod greater than 1. The blowing chamber is integrated to the movable arc contact and a permanent arc contact (3), and a contact carrier tube (8) provides current to the permanent arc contact while movable arc contact is fixed.

Description

DOMAINE TECHNIQUETECHNICAL AREA

L'invention concerne une chambre de coupure destinée à être utilisée dans un disjoncteur à moyenne ou haute tension typiquement dans la gamme de 7.2 kV à 800 kV.The invention relates to a breaking chamber for use in a medium or high voltage circuit breaker typically in the range of 7.2 kV to 800 kV.

Par convention, on précise ici que la terminologie « disjoncteur à haute tension » englobe les disjoncteurs qui peuvent classés dans la catégorie non normalisée ultra-haute tension, i-e au-delà de 550 kV.By convention, it is specified here that the terminology "high voltage circuit breaker" includes circuit breakers that can be classified in the non-standard ultra-high voltage category, i-e beyond 550 kV.

Une application particulière intéressante est l'utilisation dans un disjoncteur d'alternateur.An interesting particular application is the use in an alternator circuit breaker.

ART ANTÉRIEURPRIOR ART

Dans ces applications dans lesquelles il est nécessaire de pouvoir couper également un courant de court-circuit élevé, typiquement de 40 kA voire plus, la conception doit être prévue de sorte que les manoeuvres d'ouverture et de fermeture du disjoncteur tripolaire puissent être réalisées uniquement au moyen de l'actionnement d'une commande à mécanisme à faible énergie, usuellement une commande à mécanisme à accrochage de ressort qui est implantée à l'extérieur des chambres de coupure.In those applications in which it is necessary to be able to also cut a high short circuit current, typically 40 kA or more, the design must be provided so that the opening and closing operations of the three-pole circuit breaker can be performed only. by actuating a low energy mechanism control, usually a spring latch mechanism control which is located outside the interrupting chambers.

Or, la masse et les dimensions (volumes) nécessaires aux pièces traversées par le courant de court-circuit augmentent avec la valeur de ce dernier.However, the mass and dimensions (volumes) required for the parts through which the short-circuit current increases with the value of the latter.

L'énergie de manoeuvre nécessaire à leurs déplacements pour couper le courant de court-circuit augmente en conséquence jusqu'au point où il n'est plus possible d'utiliser des commandes à mécanisme à faible énergie qui soient standards.The maneuvering energy required to move them to cut the short-circuit current accordingly increases to the point where it is no longer possible to use low-energy mechanism controls that are standard.

Les disjoncteurs moyenne et haute tension comprennent:

  • une paire de contacts permanents dont au moins un est mobile sous l'action d'une tige de manoeuvre auquel il est lié, pour se séparer mutuellement entre une position de fermeture dans laquelle un courant nominal peut circuler à travers et une position d'ouverture dans laquelle le courant est interrompu.
  • une paire de contacts d'arc dont au moins un est mobile également sous l'action de la tige de manoeuvre auquel il est lié; la course en translation du contact mobile étant suffisamment élevée pour réaliser la coupure de courant quelle que soit sa valeur et pour obtenir la tenue diélectrique du disjoncteur.
Medium and high voltage circuit breakers include:
  • a pair of permanent contacts, at least one of which is movable under the action of an operating rod to which it is connected, for mutually separating between a closed position in which a nominal current can flow through and an open position in which the current is interrupted.
  • a pair of arcing contacts of which at least one is movable also under the action of the operating rod to which it is connected; the travel in translation of the movable contact being sufficiently high to achieve the power failure regardless of its value and to obtain the dielectric strength of the circuit breaker.

La vitesse de séparation entre les contacts est un des paramètres principaux pour garantir la coupure et la tenue diélectrique du disjoncteur lors de son ouverture.The speed of separation between the contacts is one of the main parameters to guarantee the break and the dielectric strength of the circuit breaker when it is opened.

Par convention ici et dans le cadre de l'invention, on désigne par « contact», l'ensemble d'un contact permanent, aussi appelé principal, constituant un contact électrique (éventuellement avec son capot pare-effluve) par lequel transite le courant nominal permanent et d'un contact d'arc sur lequel un arc électrique est établi lors d'une coupure du courant.By convention here and in the context of the invention, the term "contact" means the whole of a permanent contact, also called principal, constituting an electrical contact (possibly with its hood). discharge guard) through which the nominal permanent current passes and an arc contact on which an electric arc is established during a power failure.

Les chambres de coupure qui comprennent un contact mobile et un contact fixe sont communément appelés «à simple mouvement ».Cutoff chambers that include a movable contact and a fixed contact are commonly referred to as "single-motion".

Pour réduire l'énergie de manoeuvre tout en augmentant la vitesse de séparation des contacts lors notamment d'une coupure d'un disjoncteur, il a été proposé de concevoir deux contacts mobiles l'un et l'autre simultanément, entraînés par l'intermédiaire d'une seule tige de manoeuvre, la transmission d'un contact mobile à l'autre étant réalisée par des moyens appropriés agencés dans la chambre de coupure.In order to reduce the maneuvering energy while increasing the speed of separation of the contacts during a break in a circuit breaker, it has been proposed to design two movable contacts simultaneously and simultaneously, driven via of a single operating rod, the transmission of a movable contact to the other being carried out by appropriate means arranged in the interrupting chamber.

Ainsi, les chambres de coupure qui comprennent deux contacts opposés et qui sont simultanément mobiles l'un et l'autre sont communément appelés « à double mouvement ».Thus, the cutoff chambers which comprise two opposite contacts and which are simultaneously movable one and the other are commonly called "double movement".

Parmi l'ensemble des chambres de coupure à double mouvement existantes, on peut citer celles utilisant des systèmes d'engrenage, comme moyens de transmission pour séparer mutuellement le premier et deuxième contact lors d'une coupure.Among all the existing double-motion cut-off chambers, mention may be made of those using gear systems, as transmission means for mutually separating the first and second contacts during a break.

Ainsi, la demande de brevet EP 0907195 divulgue une chambre de coupure dans laquelle l'ensemble mobile constitué par la tige de manoeuvre 8 sous forme d'un tube, à laquelle est fixée le contact permanent 1, le contact d'arc 6 et la buse de soufflage, présente à sa périphérie deux crémaillères 32, 33 en engrènement chacune avec un pignon fixe 34, 35 lui-même en engrènement chacun avec une crémaillère mobile 30, 31 fixée sur des tiges de déplacement 18, 19 fixées à l'autre contact permanent 5 et d'arc 7. Ainsi, lorsque la tige de manoeuvre 8 est déplacée en translation, l'engrènement réalisé permet un déplacement simultané en sens opposé des contacts 1, 6 par rapport aux contacts 5, 7.Thus, the patent application EP 0907195 discloses a breaking chamber in which the moving assembly constituted by the operating rod 8 in the form of a tube, to which is fixed the permanent contact 1, the arc contact 6 and the blowing nozzle, has at its periphery two racks 32, 33 in meshing each with a fixed gear 34, 35 itself in meshing each with a rack mobile 30, 31 fixed on displacement rods 18, 19 fixed to the other permanent contact 5 and arc 7. Thus, when the operating rod 8 is moved in translation, the engagement achieved allows a simultaneous movement in sense opposite of the contacts 1, 6 with respect to the contacts 5, 7.

La demande de brevet EP 1879207 divulgue également une chambre de coupure 1 à double mouvement, avec un contact 3 lié directement à la tige de manoeuvre et sur lequel la première crémaillère 8 est réalisée, mais un seul pignon 6 fixé à un moyen de guidage 5b monobloc autour du contact 3, 3a l'autre moyen de guidage étant constitué par la deuxième crémaillère 7 vissée dans la buse de soufflage 4 solidaire de l'autre contact 2, 2a.The patent application EP 1879207 also discloses a break chamber 1 with double movement, with a contact 3 directly connected to the operating rod and on which the first rack 8 is made, but a single pinion 6 fixed to a guide means 5b monoblock around the contact 3, 3a the other guide means being constituted by the second rack 7 screwed into the blowing nozzle 4 secured to the other contact 2, 2a.

Le brevet US 6 229 109 concerne également une chambre de coupure à double mouvement dans laquelle un système d'engrenage avec deux pignons fixes 5a, 5b sont en engrènement chacun d'une part à l'intérieur avec les crémaillères 7a, 7b fixées sur le contact 3 d'arc et d'autre part à l'extérieur avec les crémaillères intégrées dans les tiges de manoeuvre 4a, 4b. Ces dernières permettent la transmission du mouvement au contact d'arc 3. Le passage du courant électrique s'effectue à travers la bride 8.The patent US 6,229,109 also relates to a double-action interrupting chamber in which a gear system with two fixed gears 5a, 5b are meshing each one internally with the racks 7a, 7b fixed on the arc contact 3 and on the other hand outside with the racks integrated in the operating rods 4a, 4b. The latter allow the transmission of the movement in arc contact 3. The passage of the electric current is effected through the flange 8.

Toutes ces chambres de coupure à double mouvement selon l'état de l'art comprennent un système de transmission permettant de réaliser un mouvement des contacts dans le sens opposé. Or, elles ne permettent pas d'augmenter la vitesse absolue d'un des contacts d'arc par rapport à la vitesse imposée par la commande de manoeuvre.All of these two-movement cut-off chambers according to the state of the art include a transmission system that makes it possible to move the contacts in the opposite direction. However, they do not make it possible to increase the absolute speed of one of the contacts of arc relative to the speed imposed by the control maneuver.

La demande de brevet EP 0483840 divulgue, dans son mode de réalisation de la figure 2, une chambre de coupure avec un contact d'arc mobile 3 sous la forme d'une tulipe qui est lié indirectement à à la tige de manoeuvre 17 par un système d'engrènement à au moins un pignon 20, une première crémaillère 21 agencée de manière fixe dans la chambre de coupure et une deuxième crémaillère 4 fixée au contact mobile 3, la première 21 et deuxième 20 crémaillère étant agencées diamétralement opposées l'une à l'autre par rapport au diamètre du pignon. Les inconvénients majeurs de cette chambre de coupure sont les suivants:

  • d'une part, le tube porte-contact permanent 8 est solidaire de la tige de manoeuvre 17 par l'intermédiaire du piston de soufflage 12, ce qui alourdit la masse de l'ensemble mobile de la chambre et donc est préjudiciable à l'énergie de manoeuvre nécessaire ;
  • d'autre part, du fait que le piston de soufflage 12 est solidaire de la tige de manoeuvre 17, la compression des gaz lors d'une coupure se fait toujours à la même vitesse que celle de manoeuvre.
The patent application EP 0483840 discloses, in its embodiment of the figure 2 , an interrupting chamber with a movable arcing contact 3 in the form of a tulip which is linked indirectly to the operating rod 17 by a meshing system with at least one pinion 20, a first rack 21 arranged to fixed way in the breaking chamber and a second rack 4 fixed to the movable contact 3, the first 21 and second rack 20 being arranged diametrically opposite to each other with respect to the diameter of the pinion. The major disadvantages of this breaking chamber are the following:
  • on the one hand, the permanent contact-holding tube 8 is integral with the operating rod 17 by means of the blowing piston 12, which increases the mass of the mobile assembly of the chamber and is therefore detrimental to the necessary maneuvering energy;
  • on the other hand, because the blowing piston 12 is integral with the operating rod 17, the gas compression during a cut is always at the same speed as that of maneuvering.

Le but de l'invention est ainsi de proposer une chambre de coupure qui ne présente pas les inconvénients de l'art antérieur, et donc de proposer une solution qui permette d'augmenter la vitesse absolue d'au moins un des contacts d'arc par rapport à vitesse imposée par la commande de manoeuvre tout en utilisant une faible énergie de manoeuvre, comme par exemple, en cas de coupure de courant de court-circuit élevés (≥ 40 kA).The object of the invention is thus to propose a breaking chamber which does not have the disadvantages of the prior art, and therefore of proposing a solution which makes it possible to increase the absolute speed of at least one of the arcing contacts. relative to the speed imposed by the operating control while using a low maneuvering energy, such as for example, in the event of a high short-circuit current failure (≥ 40 kA).

EXPOSÉ DE L'INVENTIONSTATEMENT OF THE INVENTION

Pour ce faire, l'invention a pour objet une chambre de coupure de courant pour disjoncteur à moyenne ou haute tension s'étendant selon un axe longitudinal et comprenant :

  • une paire de contacts permanents dont au moins un est mobile selon l'axe longitudinal sous l'action d'une tige de manoeuvre auquel il est lié, pour se séparer mutuellement entre une position de fermeture dans laquelle un courant nominal peut circuler à travers et une position d'ouverture dans laquelle le courant est interrompu ;
  • une paire de contacts d'arc dont au moins un est mobile selon l'axe longitudinal sous l'action de la tige de manoeuvre auquel il est lié; la course en translation du(es) contact(s) mobile(s) étant suffisamment élevée pour réaliser la coupure de courant quelle que soit sa valeur et pour obtenir la tenue diélectrique du disjoncteur;
  • une chambre de soufflage dont le volume est figé et qui débouche à l'intérieur de la buse de soufflage pour amener le gaz de soufflage vers l'arc formé entre les contacts lors d'une coupure ;
  • une chambre de compression dont le volume varie et débouche dans la chambre de soufflage sous l'action d'un piston de soufflage;
To do this, the subject of the invention is a current breaking chamber for a medium or high voltage circuit breaker extending along a longitudinal axis and comprising:
  • a pair of permanent contacts, at least one of which is movable along the longitudinal axis under the action of an operating rod to which it is connected, for mutually separating between a closed position in which a nominal current can flow through and an open position in which the current is interrupted;
  • a pair of arcing contacts of which at least one is movable along the longitudinal axis under the action of the operating rod to which it is connected; the travel in translation of (es) mobile contact (s) being high enough to achieve the power failure regardless of its value and to obtain the dielectric strength of the circuit breaker;
  • a blowing chamber whose volume is fixed and which opens inside the blowing nozzle to bring the blowing gas to the arc formed between the contacts during a break;
  • a compression chamber whose volume varies and opens into the blowing chamber under the action of a blowing piston;

Selon l'invention, le au moins un contact d'arc mobile lié à la tige de manoeuvre est lié indirectement à celle-ci par des moyens mécaniques de transmission adaptés pour obtenir un rapport de vitesses en translation entre ledit contact mobile et la tige de manoeuvre supérieur à 1 et le piston de soufflage est solidaire d'un contact d'arc mobile et d'un contact d'arc permanent, le tube porte-contact d'amenée du courant au contact permanent mobile étant fixe.According to the invention, the at least one movable arc contact connected to the operating rod is linked indirectly to the latter by mechanical transmission means adapted to obtain a gear ratio in translation between said movable contact and the actuating rod greater than 1 and the blowing piston is integral with a movable arcing contact and a permanent arcing contact, the contact tube for supplying the current to the moving permanent contact being fixed.

c On réduit ainsi l'énergie de manoeuvre en en doublant au minimum, la vitesse de translation du contact mobile par rapport à la vitesse d'actionnement de la tige de manoeuvre.This reduces the maneuvering energy by doubling to a minimum, the speed of translation of the movable contact relative to the speed of actuation of the operating rod.

On précise ici que dans le cadre de l'invention, l'élément « tige de manoeuvre » est l'élément de forme allongée qui est déplacé par la commande de manoeuvre et qui est le plus proche physiquement, parmi tous les moyens mécaniques de manoeuvre, de la chambre de coupure.It is specified here that in the context of the invention, the "operating rod" element is the elongated element which is moved by the operating control and which is the closest physically, among all the mechanical means of maneuvering , of the breaking room.

Lorsque la chambre de coupure selon l'invention comprend un seul contact mobile, c'est-à-dire que lorsque la chambre constitue une chambre à simple mouvement, elle peut être considérée comme une alternative avantageuse à une chambre de coupure à double-mouvement, dans laquelle les deux contacts sont mobiles l'un et l'autre et se déplacent simultanément en sens opposé.When the interrupting chamber according to the invention comprises a single moving contact, that is to say that when the chamber constitutes a single-movement chamber, it can be considered as an advantageous alternative to a double-action interrupting chamber. in which the two contacts are movable one and the other and move simultaneously in opposite directions.

En effet, à vitesse relative entre contacts d'arc identique, une chambre selon l'invention à simple mouvement a une masse mobile inférieure à une chambre à double mouvement selon l'état de l'art, c'est-à-dire avec un des contacts d'arc lié directement à la tige de manoeuvre et donc elle nécessite une énergie de manoeuvre réduite.Indeed, at a relative speed between identical arc contacts, a chamber according to the invention with a simple movement has a moving mass smaller than a double-movement chamber according to the state of the art, that is to say with one of the arc contacts directly connected to the rod of maneuver and therefore it requires reduced maneuvering energy.

Autrement dit, en comparaison avec une chambre à double mouvement selon l'état de l'art, doubler la vitesse du contact d'arc mobile d'une chambre à simple mouvement grâce aux moyens mécaniques de transmission avec la tige de manoeuvre selon l'invention, permet d'avoir une masse mobile réduite et donc d'utiliser une énergie de manoeuvre réduite.In other words, in comparison with a double-movement chamber according to the state of the art, to double the speed of the moving arc contact of a single-movement chamber thanks to the mechanical transmission means with the operating rod according to the invention. invention, allows to have a reduced moving mass and thus to use a reduced maneuvering energy.

En outre, comparativement à la chambre de coupure selon la demande de brevet EP 0483840 , l'énergie de manoeuvre est réduite du fait de la masse de l'ensemble mobile moindre et la vitesse de compression des gaz est plus élevée du fait de la liaison du piston de soufflage avec le contact mobile accéléré par rapport à la tige de manoeuvre.In addition, compared to the break chamber according to the patent application EP 0483840 , the operating energy is reduced due to the mass of the lower moving assembly and the compression speed of the gas is higher due to the connection of the blowing piston with the accelerated movable contact relative to the operating rod .

On peut en outre réaliser une chambre de coupure à double mouvement avec des moyens de transmission selon l'invention réalisés sur les deux contacts mobiles : on peut ainsi multiplier par six la vitesse de déclenchement des contacts d'arc par rapport à la vitesse initiale imposée sur la tige de manoeuvre. Selon un mode de réalisation, les moyens de transmission comprennent au moins un système d'engrènement à au moins un pignon, une première crémaillère agencée de manière fixe dans la chambre de coupure et une deuxième crémaillère fixée au contact mobile, la première et deuxième crémaillère étant agencées diamétralement opposées l'une à l'autre par rapport au diamètre du pignon.It is furthermore possible to provide a double-motion interrupting chamber with transmission means according to the invention made on the two moving contacts: the trigger speed of the arcing contacts can thus be multiplied by six with respect to the initial speed imposed. on the operating rod. According to one embodiment, the transmission means comprise at least one meshing system with at least one pinion, a first rack fixedly arranged in the interrupting chamber and a second rack fixed to the moving contact, the first and second rack being arranged diametrically opposite one another with respect to the diameter of the pinion.

L'invention peut être appliquée à une chambre à double mouvement, c'est-à-dire une chambre dans laquelle les deux contacts d'arc sont liés ensemble par des moyens d'accouplement de sorte à être mobiles ensemble en sens opposé.The invention can be applied to a double movement chamber, that is to say a chamber in which the two arc contacts are connected together by coupling means so as to be movable together in opposite directions.

On peut ainsi prévoir de rendre les deux contacts d'arc mobiles. Ces derniers se déplacent en sens opposé et sont indirectement liés à la tige de manoeuvre, avec, en tant que moyens mécaniques de transmission, au moins deux systèmes d'engrènement, l'axe du pignon d'un système étant fixé à la tige de manoeuvre, l'axe du pignon de l'autre système étant fixé à une partie des moyens d'accouplement.It is thus possible to make the two movable arcing contacts. The latter move in the opposite direction and are indirectly connected to the operating rod, with, as mechanical transmission means, at least two meshing systems, the axis of the pinion of a system being fixed to the rod of maneuver, the axis of the pinion of the other system being fixed to a portion of the coupling means.

Avantageusement, les moyens d'accouplement comprennent trois leviers dont un premier est lié au contact d'arc en engrènement avec la tige de manoeuvre, le deuxième levier étant un levier de renvoi du mouvement du premier levier auquel il est articulé, en sens opposé vers un troisième levier auquel il est également articulé, ce troisième levier étant en engrènement avec l'autre contact d'arc par l'intermédiaire du pignon qu'il fixe.Advantageously, the coupling means comprise three levers, one of which is connected to the arc contact meshing with the actuating rod, the second lever being a lever for returning the movement of the first lever to which it is articulated, in the opposite direction to a third lever to which it is also articulated, the third lever being meshing with the other arcing contact via the pinion that it fixes.

Le (s) contact(s) mobile(s) lié(s) indirectement avec la tige manoeuvre peut(peuvent) être sous la forme d'une tulipe et/ou ou sous la forme d'une tige.The mobile contact (s) indirectly linked to the operating rod may be in the form of a tulip and / or in the form of a rod.

L'invention concerne également un disjoncteur à haute ou moyenne tension supérieure, comprenant, pour un pôle, une ou plusieurs chambres de coupure décrites précédemment.The invention also relates to a higher high or medium voltage circuit breaker comprising, for a pole, one or more breaking chambers described above.

BRÈVE DESCRIPTION DES DESSINSBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention ressortiront mieux à la lecture de la description détaillée faite en référence aux figures suivantes parmi lesquelles :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'une partie d'une chambre de coupure selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'une partie d'une chambre de coupure selon un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention montrant à la fois la position de fermeture et une position d'ouverture dans laquelle le courant d'arc est interrompu;
  • les figures 3A et 3B sont des vues en coupe longitudinale d'une partie d'une chambre de coupure selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention respectivement dans la position de fermeture et dans une position d'ouverture dans laquelle le courant d'arc est interrompu ;
  • les figures 4A et 4B sont également des vues en coupe longitudinale d'une partie d'une chambre de coupure selon le même mode de réalisation que celui des figures 3A et 3B respectivement dans la position de fermeture et dans une position d'ouverture dans laquelle le courant d'arc est interrompu ;
  • la figure 4C est une vue en coupe transversale selon l'axe C-C de la partie de chambre selon les figures 4A et 4B réalisée au niveau d'un système d'engrènement conforme à l'invention.
Other advantages and characteristics of the invention will emerge more clearly on reading the detailed description given with reference to the following figures among which:
  • the figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a portion of an interrupting chamber according to one embodiment of the invention;
  • the figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a portion of an interrupting chamber according to another embodiment of the invention showing both the closed position and an open position in which the arc current is interrupted;
  • the Figures 3A and 3B are views in longitudinal section of a part of a breaking chamber according to an embodiment of the invention respectively in the closed position and in an open position in which the arc current is interrupted;
  • the Figures 4A and 4B are also views in longitudinal section of a part of a breaking chamber according to the same embodiment as that of Figures 3A and 3B respectively in the closed position and in an open position in which the arc current is interrupted;
  • the figure 4C is a cross-sectional view along the axis CC of the chamber portion according to the Figures 4A and 4B performed at a meshing system according to the invention.

EXPOSÉ DÉTAILLÉ DE MODES DE RÉALISATION PARTICULIERSDETAILED PRESENTATION OF PARTICULAR EMBODIMENTS

Les chambres de coupure de courant 1 pour disjoncteur à moyenne ou haute tension selon l'invention représentées s'étendent selon un axe longitudinal (XX') et comprennent chacune une enveloppe isolante comprenant un gaz isolant diélectrique et dans laquelle sont agencées :

  • une paire de contacts permanents 2, 3 dont un 2 est fixe et l'autre 3 est mobile selon l'axe longitudinal (XX') sous l'action d'une tige de manoeuvre auquel il est lié, pour se séparer mutuellement entre une position de fermeture dans laquelle un courant nominal peut circuler à travers et une position d'ouverture dans laquelle le courant est interrompu ;
  • une paire de contacts d'arc 5, 6 dont au moins un est mobile selon l'axe longitudinal (XX') sous l'action de la tige de manoeuvre 4 auquel il est lié; la course en translation du(es) contact(s) mobile(s) étant suffisamment élevée pour réaliser la coupure de courant quelle que soit sa valeur et pour obtenir la tenue diélectrique du disjoncteur;
  • une buse de soufflage d'arc 7.
The current breaking chambers 1 for a medium or high voltage circuit breaker according to the invention shown extend along a longitudinal axis (XX ') and each comprise an insulating envelope comprising a dielectric insulating gas and in which are arranged:
  • a pair of permanent contacts 2, 3, one of which is fixed and the other of which is movable along the longitudinal axis (XX ') under the action of an operating rod to which it is connected, to separate one another between a closing position in which a nominal current can flow through and an open position in which the current is interrupted;
  • a pair of arc contacts 5, 6 at least one of which is movable along the longitudinal axis (XX ') under the action of the operating rod 4 to which it is connected; the travel in translation of (es) mobile contact (s) being high enough to achieve the power failure regardless of its value and to obtain the dielectric strength of the circuit breaker;
  • an arc-blowing nozzle 7.

Plus exactement, dans la position de fermeture (partie haute de la figure 1, figure 3A et figure 4A), le courant nominal traverse les contacts permanents 2, 3 en provenant du tube porte-contact 8 fixe d'amenée de courant au contact permanent. Après la séparation des contacts permanents 2, 3 (partie basse de la figure 1, figure 3B et figure 4B), le passage de courant nominal est réalisé entre le contact d'arc 6 sous la forme d'une tulipe et l'autre contact d'arc sous la forme d'une tige 5, à travers les doigts de la tulipe qui, lors d'une ouverture, entoure la tige et coulisse sur sa surface avant leur séparation.More exactly, in the closed position (upper part of the figure 1 , figure 3A and Figure 4A ), the nominal current passes through the permanent contacts 2, 3 from the contact carrier tube 8 fixed current supply in permanent contact. After the separation of the permanent contacts 2, 3 (the lower part of the figure 1 , figure 3B and Figure 4B ), the nominal current passage is made between the arc contact 6 in the form of a tulip and the other arc contact in the form of a rod 5, through the fingers of the tulip which, during an opening, surrounds the rod and slides on its surface before their separation.

Lors de la séparation entre les contacts d'arc 5, 6, un arc représenté par la ligne brisée en figure 1 est créé, et sa coupure réalisée comme expliqué brièvement ci-dessous.When separating between the arc contacts 5, 6, an arc represented by the broken line in figure 1 is created, and its cut made as explained briefly below.

Lors de l'ouverture, le gaz présent dans le volume de compression V1 est comprimé par le piston de soufflage 60 solidaire du contact d'arc 6 sous forme de tulipe et du contact permanent 6, et est évacué par le clapet 61 vers le volume de soufflage V2 et contribue par la suite à l'extinction de l'arc électrique. En aval du volume occupé par l'arc, les sections de passage 600, 800 qui sont réalisés respectivement dans le tube du contact d'arc 6 et le tube porte-contact permanent 8 permettent d'évacuer le gaz chaud soufflé depuis la zone d'arc vers la périphérie de la chambre, comme représenté par les flèches incurvées G en figure 1 et en figure 4B.When opening, the gas present in the compression volume V1 is compressed by the blowing piston 60 integral with the arc contact 6 in the form of a tulip and the permanent contact 6, and is evacuated by the valve 61 to the volume blowing V2 and contributes to the extinction of the electric arc. Downstream of the volume occupied by the arc, the passage sections 600, 800 which are respectively formed in the tube of the arc contact 6 and the permanent contact-holder tube 8 make it possible to evacuate the hot gas blown from the zone d arc towards the periphery of the chamber, as represented by the curved arrows G in figure 1 and in Figure 4B .

Dans les chambres de coupure selon l'état de l'art, en particulier les chambres de coupure à double-mouvement, la tige de manoeuvre et le(s) contact (s) d'arc mobile (s) et le contact permanent mobile sont liés directement l'un à l'autre, i-e avec un rapport de transmission en translation égal à 1.In break chambers according to the state of the art, in particular the double-action breaking chambers, the operating rod and the moving arc contact (s) and the moving permanent contact are linked directly to each other, ie with a transmission ratio in translation equal to 1.

Pour réduire encore l'énergie de manoeuvre de la chambre de coupure selon l'invention, on prévoit uniquement des moyens mécaniques pour augmenter ce rapport de transmission, c'est-à-dire des moyens permettant d'accélérer la translation du(es) contact(s) d'arc 5, 6 mobile(s) et du contact permanent mobile 6 par rapport à la translation de la tige de manoeuvre 4, et donc d'obtenir un rapport de transmission supérieur à 1.To further reduce the operating energy of the breaking chamber according to the invention, only mechanical means are provided to increase this transmission ratio, that is to say making it possible to accelerate the translation of the movable arc contact (s) 5, 6 and the moving permanent contact 6 with respect to the translation of the operating rod 4, and thus to obtain a ratio of transmission greater than 1.

Tel qu'illustré dans l'ensemble des figures, ces moyens mécaniques d'augmentation du rapport de transmission consistent avantageusement en au moins un système d'engrènement à pignon et double crémaillère rectilignes, dont une est agencée sur un support fixe et l'autre est solidaire du contact d'arc mobile. Chacune des deux crémaillères est en engrènement avec un pignon 41 dont l'axe 410 est fixé sur la tige de manoeuvre 4 (figures 1 et 2) ou avec un pignon 91 dont l'axe est fixé sur un levier d'accouplement 90 faisant partie de moyens d'accouplement 9 entre contacts d'arc pour les rendre mobiles ensemble en sens opposé (figures 3A - 3B et figures 4A - 4B).As illustrated in all the figures, these mechanical means for increasing the transmission ratio advantageously consist of at least one rectilinear pinion and double racking meshing system, one of which is arranged on a fixed support and the other is integral with the movable arc contact. Each of the two racks is in meshing with a pinion 41 whose axis 410 is fixed on the operating rod 4 ( figures 1 and 2 ) or with a pinion 91 whose axis is fixed on a coupling lever 90 forming part of coupling means 9 between arc contacts to make them mobile together in opposite directions ( Figures 3A - 3B and Figures 4A - 4B ).

Le mode de réalisation de la figure 1, illustre une chambre de coupure à un seul contact d'arc mobile 6 sous la forme d'une tulipe, l'autre contact d'arc 5 sous la forme d'une tige étant fixe. Dans ce mode de réalisation, deux systèmes à engrènement à pignon 41/crémaillères 62, 80 sont mis en oeuvre uniquement du côté de la tulipe 6 de la chambre de coupure. Les deus systèmes 41, 62, 80 sont identiques et sont agencés de part et d'autre du contact d'arc mobile 6.The embodiment of the figure 1 , illustrates a breaking chamber with a single moving arcing contact 6 in the form of a tulip, the other arcing contact 5 in the form of a rod being fixed. In this embodiment, two gear meshing systems 41 / racks 62, 80 are implemented only on the side of the tulip 6 of the interrupting chamber. The two systems 41, 62, 80 are identical and are arranged on either side of the movable arcing contact 6.

Plus exactement, pour chaque système, il est prévu une première crémaillère 80 réalisée sur le tube porte-contact permanent fixe 8 dans la chambre de coupure. Un axe 410 est monté en extrémité de la tige de manoeuvre 4 et constitue l'axe de rotation du pignon 41. La deuxième crémaillère 62 est solidaire du contact d'arc mobile 6 sous la forme d'une tulipe et agencée en étant diamétralement opposée avec la première crémaillère 80 par rapport au diamètre du pignon 41.More exactly, for each system, there is provided a first rack 80 made on the fixed permanent contact-holder tube 8 in the interrupting chamber. An axis 410 is mounted at the end of the operating rod 4 and constitutes the axis of rotation of the pinion 41. The second rack 62 is integral with the movable arcing contact 6 in the form of a tulip and arranged in a diametrically opposed position. with the first rack 80 with respect to the diameter of the pinion 41.

Grâce aux deux systèmes de crémaillères 62, 80 et pignon 41 solidaire de la tige de manoeuvre 4, la vitesse de translation du contact d'arc mobile 6 est doublée par rapport à la vitesse de translation de la tige de manoeuvre 4. Autrement dit, lorsque le pignon 41 est déplacé sur une distance X1 dans la chambre de coupure par la tige de manoeuvre 4, le contact d'arc mobile 6 se déplace pendant le même laps de temps sur une double distance 2X1, ce qui double sa vitesse de translation.Thanks to the two rack systems 62, 80 and pinion 41 integral with the operating rod 4, the speed of translation of the movable arcing contact 6 is doubled with respect to the speed of translation of the operating rod 4. In other words, when the pinion 41 is moved over a distance X 1 in the interrupting chamber by the operating rod 4, the movable arcing contact 6 moves for the same period of time over a double distance 2 × 1 , which doubles its speed translation.

Le mode de réalisation de la figure 2, illustre une solution selon l'invention également avec deux systèmes à engrènement à pignon 41/ crémaillères 130, 310, mais cette fois-ci appliquée du côté du contact d'arc 5 sous la forme d'une tige. Une telle solution est décrite dans la demande de brevet intitulée «Chambre de coupure à énergie de manoeuvre et dimensions réduites » déposée le même jour que la présente demande au nom de la demanderesse. Sur la figure 2, pour chaque système, il est prévu une première crémaillère 130 réalisée sur un support fixe 13 dans la chambre de coupure dans laquelle est logée la tige de manoeuvre 4.The embodiment of the figure 2 illustrates a solution according to the invention also with two gear meshing systems 41 / racks 130, 310, but this time applied to the side of the arc contact 5 in the form of a rod. Such a solution is described in the patent application entitled "Maneuvering Room Cutoff and Small Dimensions" filed the same day as the present application on behalf of the plaintiff. On the figure 2 , for each system, there is provided a first rack 130 made on a fixed support 13 in the interrupting chamber in which is housed the operating rod 4.

Un axe 410 est monté en extrémité de la tige de manoeuvre 4 et constitue l'axe de rotation du pignon 41.An axis 410 is mounted at the end of the operating rod 4 and constitutes the axis of rotation of the pinion 41.

La deuxième crémaillère 310 est solidaire du contact d'arc et permanent mobile 3, 5 et agencée en étant diamétralement opposée avec la première crémaillère 130 par rapport au diamètre du pignon 41.The second rack 310 is integral with the moving arcing contact and movable 3, 5 and arranged being diametrically opposed with the first rack 130 relative to the diameter of the pinion 41.

Grâce à un tel système de crémaillères 130, 310 et pignon 41 solidaire de la tige de manoeuvre 4, la vitesse de translation du contact d'arc et permanent mobile 3, 5 est doublée par rapport à la vitesse de translation de la tige de manoeuvre 4. Autrement dit, lorsque le pignon 41 est déplacé sur une distance X1 dans la chambre de coupure par la tige de manoeuvre 4, le contact d'arc et permanent 3, 5 se déplace pendant le même laps de temps sur une double distance 2X1, ce qui double sa vitesse de translation.Thanks to such a system of racks 130, 310 and pinion 41 integral with the operating rod 4, the translational speed of the arcing contact and moving permanent 3, 5 is doubled with respect to the speed of translation of the operating rod 4. In other words, when the pinion 41 is moved a distance X 1 in the interrupting chamber by the operating rod 4, the arc contact and permanent 3, 5 moves for the same period of time over a double distance 2X 1 , which doubles its speed of translation.

Pour assurer la continuité électrique entre le contact d'amenée 12 du courant nominal depuis l'extérieur de la chambre et le contact d'arc et permanent mobile 2, on peut prévoir un élargissement de section 31 sur le contact d'arc et permanent 3, 5. On prévoit en outre de conformer le contact d'amenée sous la forme d'une tulipe 120. Lors d'une manoeuvre, la tulipe 120 coulisse alors sur l'élargissement de section 31 du contact 3, 5.To ensure the electrical continuity between the supply contact 12 of the nominal current from outside the chamber and the arcing contact and moving permanent 2, it is possible to provide an enlargement of section 31 on the arcing contact and permanent 3 5. It is furthermore intended to conform the supply contact in the form of a tulip 120. During a maneuver, the tulip 120 then slides on the enlargement of section 31 of the contact 3, 5.

Le mode de réalisation des figures 3A et 3B, illustre une chambre de coupure à deux contacts d'arc mobiles, c'est-à-dire à la fois celui 6 sous la forme d'une tulipe, et celui 5 sous la forme d'une tige. Cette chambre de coupure selon l'invention est dite double-mouvement car les deux contacts d'arc 5, 6 sont liés ensemble par des moyens d'accouplement de sorte à être mobiles ensemble en sens opposé. Plus exactement, ces moyens d'accouplement 9 consistent en un système de leviers 90, 91, 92.The embodiment of the Figures 3A and 3B , illustrates a breaking chamber with two movable arcing contacts, that is to say both that 6 in the form of a tulip, and that 5 in the form of a rod. This breaking chamber according to the invention is said double-movement because the two arcing contacts 5, 6 are connected together by coupling means so as to be movable together in opposite directions. More exactly, these coupling means 9 consist of a system of levers 90, 91, 92.

La première levier 90 est fixé à la buse de soufflage mobile 7 et transmet le mouvement dans le sens opposé, par l'intermédiaire du deuxième levier, qui constitue le levier de renvoi 91 au troisième levier 92. Le levier de renvoi 91 est monté pivotant autour d'un axe 910 fixe dans la chambre de coupure.The first lever 90 is attached to the movable blow nozzle 7 and transmits the movement in the opposite direction, through the second lever, which constitutes the return lever 91 to the third lever 92. The return lever 91 is pivotally mounted around a fixed axis 910 in the breaking chamber.

Un axe 920 est monté en extrémité du troisième levier 92 et constitue l'axe de rotation d'un pignon 921.An axis 920 is mounted at the end of the third lever 92 and constitutes the axis of rotation of a pinion 921.

Il est prévu une première crémaillère 20 réalisée sur la même pièce fixe que le contact permanent 2 dans la chambre de coupure.A first rack 20 is provided on the same fixed part as the permanent contact 2 in the interrupting chamber.

La deuxième crémaillère 50 est solidaire du contact d'arc mobile 5 sous la forme d'une tige et agencée en étant diamétralement opposée avec la première crémaillère 20 par rapport au diamètre du pignon 921.The second rack 50 is integral with the movable arcing contact 5 in the form of a rod and arranged being diametrically opposed with the first rack 20 relative to the diameter of the pinion 921.

Ainsi, dans ce mode de réalisation des figures 3A et 3B, on applique au moins un système d'engrènement à pignon/crémaillères sur chaque contact mobile. Lors d'une manoeuvre d'ouverture, la tige de manoeuvre 4 se déplace d'une distance X1, l'ensemble mobile comprenant le contact d'arc sous la forme d'une tulipe 6, du contact permanent 3 et la buse de soufflage 7 se déplace sur une distance double 2X1, et le contact d'arc mobile sous la forme d'une tige 5 se déplace simultanément d'une distance quadruple 4X1.Thus, in this embodiment of Figures 3A and 3B at least one rack / pinion meshing system is applied to each movable contact. During an opening maneuver, the operating rod 4 moves by a distance X1, the moving assembly comprising the arc contact in the form of a tulip 6, the permanent contact 3 and the blowing nozzle 7 moves a double distance 2X1, and the movable arc contact in the form of a rod 5 moves simultaneously by a quadruple distance 4X1.

Par conséquent, la distance relative entre le contact d'arc sous forme d'une tulipe 6 et le contact d'arc sous forme de tige 5 est égal à six fois (6X1) la distance de manoeuvre X1 réalisée par la tige de manoeuvre 4.Consequently, the relative distance between the arc contact in the form of a tulip 6 and the arc contact in the form of a rod 5 is equal to six times (6 × 1) the operating distance X 1 made by the operating rod 4 .

Autrement dit, grâce à l'invention, on peut dans une chambre de coupure à double mouvement, multiplier par six la vitesse de manoeuvre entre contacts d'arc. Autrement dit encore, on peut, grâce à l'invention, multiplier la vitesse de déclenchement des contacts d'arc 5, 6 dans un rapport de 6 :1 par rapport à la vitesse initiale imposée sur la tige de manoeuvre 4.In other words, thanks to the invention, it is possible in a double-action breaking chamber to multiply by six the operating speed between arcing contacts. In other words, it is possible, thanks to the invention, to multiply the triggering speed of the arcing contacts 5, 6 in a ratio of 6: 1 with respect to the initial speed imposed on the operating rod 4.

Dans le mode de réalisation des figures 4A à 4C, on applique également deux systèmes d'engrènement à pignon 41 / crémaillères 62, 80 sur le contact mobile 6 sous forme tulipe et un seul système d'engrènement à pignon 921 / crémaillères 20, 50 sur le contact mobile 5 sous forme de tige. On a représenté sur ces figures 4A à 4C plus en détail les moyens d'évacuation des gaz chauds évacués lors d'une coupure de courant ainsi que les moyens pour protéger les systèmes d'engrènement desdits gaz chauds. De tels moyens permettent ainsi d'éviter toute usure prématurée des composants de la chambre de coupure par les gaz chauds évacués lors des coupures d'arc.In the embodiment of Figures 4A to 4C two gear meshing systems 41 / racks 62, 80 are also applied to the movable contact 6 in the form of a tulip and only one gear meshing system 921 / racks 20, 50 to the movable contact 5 in the form of a shank. We have shown on these Figures 4A to 4C in more detail the means for evacuating the hot gases discharged during a power failure and the means for protecting the meshing systems of said hot gases. Such means thus make it possible to avoid any premature wear of the components of the interrupting chamber by the hot gases discharged during arc interruptions.

En extrémité de tige de manoeuvre 4, sont fixés des embouts 42 en matériau à la fois à faible coefficient de frottement et résistant aux hautes températures. De préférence, le matériau des embouts 42 est du PTFE. Comme mieux visible en figure 4C, des bagues 43 sont agencées entre le tube porte-contact permanent fixe 8 et le système d'engrènement 41, 62, 80. Ces embouts 42 et bagues 43 empêchent ainsi les gaz chauds évacués lors de la coupure de pénétrer dans la zone où sont agencées crémaillères 41, 80 et pignons 41.At the end of operating rod 4, are fixed end pieces 42 made of material with both a low coefficient of friction and resistant to high temperatures. Preferably, the material of the tips 42 is PTFE. As better visible in figure 4C rings 43 are arranged between the stationary permanent contact-holder tube 8 and the meshing system 41, 62, 80. These tips 42 and rings 43 thus prevent the hot gases discharged during the break from entering the zone where they are located. arranged racks 41, 80 and sprockets 41.

De l'autre côté de la chambre de coupure, c'est-à-dire du côté du contact permanent fixe 2 est agencée de manière fixe dans la chambre, une pièce supplémentaire formant entretoise 21 dont la fonction est double. Elle assure à la fois de guidage avec les bandes de guidage 10 du contact mobile 5 lors de sa translation à l'ouverture sur toute sa course et la déviation des gaz chauds évacués de la zone de coupure vers les ouvertures 200 prévues à cet effet à la périphérie dans le tube permanent fixe 2.On the other side of the interrupting chamber, that is to say on the fixed permanent contact 2 side is arranged in a fixed manner in the chamber, an additional piece forming a spacer 21 whose function is double. It provides both guiding with the guide strips 10 of the movable contact 5 during its translation to the opening over its entire travel and the deviation of the hot gases discharged from the cutoff zone to the openings 200 provided for this purpose. the periphery in the fixed permanent tube 2.

Ainsi, avec ces moyens de protection des systèmes d'engrènement pignons/crémaillères par les gaz chauds et d'orientation de ceux-ci, les gaz chauds sont évacués efficacement (voir flèches G indiquées en figure 4B) à la périphérie du contact permanent fixe 2 et tube porte-contact fixe 8 et en réduisant au mieux leur impact thermique sur les composants de la chambre de coupure selon l'invention.Thus, with these means of protection of the gears / racks meshing systems by the hot gases and of the orientation thereof, the hot gases are evacuated effectively (see arrows G indicated in FIG. Figure 4B ) at the periphery of the fixed permanent contact 2 and fixed contact-carrier tube 8 and by reducing their thermal impact to the components of the breaking chamber according to the invention.

D'autres améliorations peuvent être prévues sans pour autant sortir du cadre de l'invention.Other improvements may be provided without departing from the scope of the invention.

Si dans les modes illustrés, la première crémaillère est agencée dans la partie intérieure du support fixe, on peut prévoir de la réaliser sur la partie extérieure. Dans ce cas, le contact d'arc est réalisé de manière que le pignon s'engrène entre cette partie supérieure du support fixe et une partie inférieure d'un tube cylindrique supplémentaire relié à la tige de manoeuvre.If in the illustrated modes, the first rack is arranged in the inner part of the fixed support, it can be provided to realize it on the outer part. In this case, the arcing contact is made so that the pinion meshes between this upper part of the fixed support and a lower part of an additional cylindrical tube connected to the operating rod.

Comme représenté dans les modes des figures 1, 3A et 3B, 4A à 4C le support fixe comprenant la crémaillère 80 constitue avantageusement un tube porte-contact permanent d'amenée 8 du courant nominal depuis l'extérieur de la chambre de coupure. On peut envisager un support fixe constituant un contact permanent de sortie du courant vers l'extérieur de la chambre de coupure.As shown in the modes of figures 1 , 3A and 3B , 4A to 4C the fixed support comprising the rack 80 advantageously constitutes a permanent contact-carrying tube 8 for supplying the nominal current from outside the interrupting chamber. It is possible to envisage a fixed support constituting a permanent output contact of the current towards the outside of the breaking chamber.

On peut prévoir de réaliser un contact sous forme de tulipe et le support d'une crémaillère en une seule pièce, ce qui peut faciliter le montage.Provision can be made to make a contact in the form of a tulip and the support of a rack in one piece, which can facilitate assembly.

Lors d'une manoeuvre d'ouverture ou de fermeture de la chambre de coupure selon l'invention, la translation des contacts d'arc 5, 6 est prévue pour s'effectuer selon l'axe XX' de la chambre de coupure. Pour compenser toute déviation légère de la tige de manoeuvre 4 par rapport à l'axe longitudinal XX', on peut prévoir d'agencer des bandes de guidage de part et d'autre de la tige de manoeuvre 4 et le cas échéant du contact d'arc mobile, comme référencées 10 sur les figures 1, 3A et 3B, 4A et 4B afin d'assurer le bon fonctionnement des systèmes d'engrènement à pignon/crémaillères selon l'invention.During an opening or closing maneuver of the breaking chamber according to the invention, the translation of the arc contacts 5, 6 is provided to occur along the axis XX 'of the breaking chamber. To compensate for any slight deviation of the operating rod 4 with respect to the longitudinal axis XX ', it is possible to arrange guide strips on either side of the operating rod 4 and, if appropriate, the contact mobile arc, as referenced 10 on the figures 1 , 3A and 3B , 4A and 4B to ensure the proper operation of gear meshing systems and racks according to the invention.

Claims (7)

Chambre de coupure (1) de courant pour disjoncteur à moyenne ou haute tension (D) s'étendant selon un axe longitudinal (XX') et comprenant : - une paire de contacts permanents (2, 3) dont au moins un (3) est mobile selon l'axe longitudinal (XX') sous l'action d'une tige de manoeuvre auquel il est lié, pour se séparer mutuellement entre une position de fermeture dans laquelle un courant nominal peut circuler à travers et une position d'ouverture dans laquelle le courant est interrompu ; - une paire de contacts d'arc (5, 6) dont au moins un est mobile selon l'axe longitudinal (XX') sous l'action de la tige de manoeuvre (4) auquel il est lié; la course en translation du(es) contact(s) mobile(s) étant suffisamment élevée pour réaliser la coupure de courant quelle que soit sa valeur et pour obtenir la tenue diélectrique du disjoncteur; - une chambre de soufflage dont le volume V2 est figé et qui débouche à l'intérieur de la buse de soufflage pour amener le gaz de soufflage vers l'arc formé entre les contacts lors d'une coupure ; - une chambre de compression dont le volume V1 varie et débouche dans la chambre de soufflage sous l'action d'un piston de soufflage (60);
dans laquelle au moins un contact d'arc (5, 6) mobile est indirectement lié à la tige de manoeuvre par des moyens mécaniques de transmission adaptés pour obtenir un rapport de vitesses en translation entre ledit contact mobile et la tige de manoeuvre supérieur à 1 ;
caractérisée en ce que le piston de soufflage (60) est solidaire d'un contact d'arc (6) mobile et d'un contact d'arc permanent (3), le tube porte-contact (8) d'amenée du courant au contact permanent (3) mobile étant fixe. Discharge chamber (1) for a medium or high voltage circuit breaker (D) extending along a longitudinal axis (XX ') and comprising: a pair of permanent contacts (2, 3) of which at least one (3) is movable along the longitudinal axis (XX ') under the action of an operating rod to which it is connected, to separate each other between a closing position in which a nominal current can flow through and an open position in which the current is interrupted; - a pair of arcing contacts (5, 6) of which at least one is movable along the longitudinal axis (XX ') under the action of the operating rod (4) to which it is connected; the travel in translation of (es) mobile contact (s) being high enough to achieve the power failure regardless of its value and to obtain the dielectric strength of the circuit breaker; - A blowing chamber whose volume V2 is fixed and which opens inside the blowing nozzle to bring the blowing gas to the arc formed between the contacts during a cut; a compression chamber whose volume V1 varies and opens into the blowing chamber under the action of a blowing piston (60);
wherein at least one movable arc contact (5, 6) is indirectly connected to the operating rod by mechanical transmission means adapted to obtain a translational speed ratio between said movable contact and the operating rod greater than 1 ;
characterized in that the blowing piston (60) is integral with a movable arc contact (6) and a permanent arc contact (3), the contact-carrying tube (8) for supplying the current in permanent contact (3) movable being fixed. Chambre de coupure selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle les moyens de transmission (80, 62, 41, 410 ; 130, 310, 41, 410 ; 20, 50, 920, 921) comprennent au moins un système d'engrènement à au moins un pignon (41 ; 921), une première crémaillère (80 ; 130 ; 20) agencée de manière fixe dans la chambre de coupure et une deuxième crémaillère (62 ; 310 ; 50) fixée au contact mobile (5, 6), la première (80 ; 130 ;20) et deuxième (62 ; 310 ; 50) crémaillère étant agencées diamétralement opposées l'une à l'autre par rapport au diamètre du pignon (41 ; 921)).Cutoff chamber according to claim 1, wherein the transmission means (80, 62, 41, 410, 130, 310, 41, 410, 20, 50, 920, 921) comprise at least one meshing system with at least a pinion (41; 921), a first rack (80; 130; 20) fixedly arranged in the interrupting chamber and a second rack (62; 310; 50) fixed to the movable contact (5,6), the first (80; 130; 20) and second (62; 310; 50) rack being arranged diametrically opposed to each other with respect to the diameter of the pinion (41; 921)). Chambre de coupure selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans laquelle les deux contacts d'arc (5, 6) sont liés ensemble par des moyens d'accouplement (9) de sorte à être mobiles ensemble en sens opposé.Cutoff chamber according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the two arc contacts (5, 6) are connected together by coupling means (9) so as to be movable together in opposite directions. Chambre de coupure selon la revendication 3 en combinaison avec la revendication 2, dans laquelle les deux contacts d'arc (5, 6) mobiles en sens opposés sont indirectement liés à la tige de manoeuvre, la chambre comprenant, en tant que moyens mécaniques de transmission, au moins deux systèmes d'engrènement, l'axe du pignon (41) d'un système étant fixé à la tige de manoeuvre (4), l'axe du pignon (921) de l'autre système étant fixé à une partie des moyens d'accouplement (9).Cutoff chamber according to claim 3 in combination with claim 2, wherein the two oppositely movable two arc contacts (5, 6) are indirectly connected to the operating rod, the chamber comprising, as mechanical means of transmission, at least two meshing systems, the axis of the pinion (41) of a system being attached to the operating rod (4), the axis of the pinion (921) of the other system being fixed to a part of the coupling means (9). Chambre de coupure selon la revendication 3 ou 4, dans laquelle les moyens d'accouplement (9) comprennent trois leviers (90, 91, 92) dont un premier (90) lié au contact d'arc(6) en engrènement avec la tige de manoeuvre (4), le deuxième levier (91) étant un levier de renvoi du mouvement du premier levier auquel il est articulé, en sens opposé vers un troisième levier (92) auquel il est également articulé, ce troisième levier étant en engrènement avec l'autre contact d'arc (5) par l'intermédiaire du pignon (921) qu'il fixe.Cutoff chamber according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the coupling means (9) comprise three levers (90, 91, 92), a first (90) connected to the arc contact (6) meshing with the rod actuating means (4), the second lever (91) being a lever for returning the movement of the first lever to which it is articulated, in opposite directions to a third lever (92) to which it is also articulated, this third lever being in meshing with the other arcing contact (5) via the pinion (921) which it fixes. Chambre de coupure selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le(s) contact (s) mobile (s) lié (s) indirectement avec la tige de manoeuvre est (sont) sous la forme d'une tulipe et/ou ou sous la forme d'une tige.Cutoff chamber according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the movable contact (s) indirectly connected with the actuating rod is (are) in the form of a tulip and / or in the form of a stem. Disjoncteur (D) à haute ou moyenne tension supérieure, comprenant, pour un pôle, une ou plusieurs chambres de coupure (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes.Circuit breaker (D) at high or medium voltage, comprising, for a pole, one or more breaking chambers (1) according to any one of the preceding claims.
EP20110172006 2010-07-01 2011-06-29 Arc chamber for a medium- or high-voltage circuit breaker with reduced operating energy Active EP2402969B1 (en)

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FR1055323A FR2962252B1 (en) 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 BREAKER CHAMBER FOR A MEDIUM OR HIGH VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH REDUCED MANEUVER POWER

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CN112635230A (en) * 2020-10-21 2021-04-09 平高集团有限公司 Circuit breaker and double-acting arc extinguishing chamber
CN113782364A (en) * 2021-07-23 2021-12-10 合肥和旭继电科技有限公司 Relay with arc control device

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CN109346370A (en) * 2018-11-01 2019-02-15 沈阳工业大学 A kind of piston helps gas dual intensity formula high pressure SF6Arc-extinguishing chamber of circuit breaker
CN112635230A (en) * 2020-10-21 2021-04-09 平高集团有限公司 Circuit breaker and double-acting arc extinguishing chamber
CN113782364A (en) * 2021-07-23 2021-12-10 合肥和旭继电科技有限公司 Relay with arc control device
CN113782364B (en) * 2021-07-23 2023-07-11 宁波金宸科技有限公司 Relay with arc extinguishing device

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Publication number Publication date
EP2402969B1 (en) 2013-05-29
FR2962252A1 (en) 2012-01-06
FR2962252B1 (en) 2013-08-30

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