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EP2440408B1 - Device and method for mutual engagement of at least two cylinders of a printing machine - Google Patents

Device and method for mutual engagement of at least two cylinders of a printing machine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2440408B1
EP2440408B1 EP10755086.5A EP10755086A EP2440408B1 EP 2440408 B1 EP2440408 B1 EP 2440408B1 EP 10755086 A EP10755086 A EP 10755086A EP 2440408 B1 EP2440408 B1 EP 2440408B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cylinders
cylinder
throwing
printing
during
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP10755086.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2440408A2 (en
Inventor
Frank Westhof
Uwe HÖWELMEYER
Manfred Loddenkötter
Martin Krümpelmann
Rainer Ehrenberg
Frank Gunschera
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Windmoeller and Hoelscher KG
Original Assignee
Windmoeller and Hoelscher KG
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Publication of EP2440408A2 publication Critical patent/EP2440408A2/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F5/00—Rotary letterpress machines
    • B41F5/24—Rotary letterpress machines for flexographic printing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F13/00—Common details of rotary presses or machines
    • B41F13/08—Cylinders
    • B41F13/24—Cylinder-tripping devices; Cylinder-impression adjustments
    • B41F13/34—Cylinder lifting or adjusting devices
    • B41F13/38—Cylinder lifting or adjusting devices electrically or magnetically operated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F31/00—Inking arrangements or devices
    • B41F31/30—Arrangements for tripping, lifting, adjusting, or removing inking rollers; Supports, bearings, or forks therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO PRINTING, LINING MACHINES, TYPEWRITERS, AND TO STAMPS
    • B41P2213/00—Arrangements for actuating or driving printing presses; Auxiliary devices or processes
    • B41P2213/70—Driving devices associated with particular installations or situations
    • B41P2213/73—Driving devices for multicolour presses

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for mutual hiring at least two cylinders of a printing press according to the preamble of claim 1 and an associated method according to the preamble of claim 2.
  • inking units of rotary printing machines a plurality of cylinders is often arranged, which are adjustable with respect to their adjacent cylinders in the distance.
  • various flexographic printing machines have a plurality of inking units, which are arranged together on a central impression cylinder.
  • the inking units in turn comprise at least two further cylinders, a printing cylinder and an applicator roll.
  • the patent application EP 1 018 426 A1 shows a flexographic printing machine to which an automatic method for mutual employment of a printing cylinder, an applicator roll and a counter-pressure cylinder is feasible.
  • the printing cylinder is set in slow rotation by means of the drive motor.
  • the non-rotating applicator roll in its radial direction is slowly against the printing cylinder hazards.
  • a change in torque occurs in the drive train of the impression cylinder, which is detected by a rotary encoder (the drive train).
  • the position that the applicator roll has reached at that moment is stored by the press control unit as the zero position for the applicator roll.
  • the - further rotating - pressure cylinder is moved against the impression cylinder until a further change in torque enters its drive train.
  • the position of the printing cylinder is stored in the control unit as zero position for the printing cylinder.
  • the path that the printing cylinder was moved to contact the impression cylinder is added to the zero position of the applicator roll.
  • the printing cylinders often consist of a cylinder mandrel, which optionally carries a cylinder sleeve, on which in turn a cliché is attached.
  • the cliché can also be mounted directly on a solid cylinder.
  • the cliché carries the raised areas that make up the printed image. After each job change, the clichés are replaced.
  • the different clichés usually have different thicknesses (thicknesses). Therefore, the zero position of the cylinders must be re-determined after each job change.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to propose a device and a method for adjusting cylinders of a printing press, in which / the damage to the printing cylinder is avoided.
  • control unit of the printing machine is set up such that it operates the at least one drive of the cylinders during the employment of the same against each other, in field weakening operation.
  • at least one of the at least two cylinders has an asynchronous motor as drive and at least one of the two cylinders has at least one elevation on its peripheral surface.
  • the present invention can be used in flexographic printing machines.
  • Such printing machines have at least one inking unit, which comprises at least two cylinders.
  • these cylinders are a printing cylinder (including cliché) and a job cylinder, which are employed in the printing operation against each other and against the impression cylinder.
  • Modern flexographic printing machines can have up to 10 inking units, which are arranged together around a central impression cylinder.
  • all cylinders impression cylinder, impression cylinder and applicator roller
  • These are often electric motors, which - usually gearless - apply a torque to the cylinder axis.
  • Conceivable are DC, three-phase, synchronous or asynchronous motors.
  • the cylinders are rotatably mounted in the inking unit in so-called bearing blocks.
  • the bearing blocks are usually provided with spindle drives and associated electric motors and can be moved on rails in the radial direction of the cylinder.
  • the cylinders are adjustable against each other.
  • the spindle motors of the bearing blocks can be controlled via a control unit of the printing press.
  • the control unit is the respective (current) position of the individual bearing blocks - and thus the radial position of the cylinder each other - known.
  • radial direction is meant that the direction of movement at least one Radial component of the cylinder should include, so that at least a partial contact of the peripheral surfaces of the two cylinders is brought about. Accordingly, a non-parallel hiring the two cylinders to each other is possible. In this case, the axes of the at least two cylinders are inclined to each other during employment.
  • sensors are provided which record the parameters of the rotational movement of the cylinder.
  • the parameters will be the torque and / or the rotational speed of the cylinders. If these parameters change, a first contact between the cylinders to be set up is established.
  • a sensor for example, serve the rotary encoder, which is associated with the rotating cylinder.
  • the rotary encoder is capable of measuring the angular velocity (rotational speed) of a rotating body (in this case, the cylinder).
  • the data of the rotary encoder are transmitted via a suitable data line to the control unit. If the diameter of the cylinder is known, the peripheral speed can be calculated from the angular velocity.
  • the control unit perceives a change in the angular velocity of the engaged cylinder. At this moment, the radial relative movement of the two cylinders is terminated to each other. The position which the cylinders have at this point in time is stored by the control unit as zero position.
  • a change in the torque forming current supplied to the drive of the cylinder may be detected by the control unit.
  • the current forming the torque is supplied by a so-called frequency converter. But also so-called servos can be provided for this purpose.
  • the measuring device that monitors the torque-forming current serves as a sensor for the first contact of the cylinder.
  • the torque-forming current is monitored by the control unit of the printing press.
  • the excitation current (field current) and / or the torque-forming current can be monitored.
  • sensors can measure the parameters of the rotational movement of the cylinder.
  • optical Sensors conceivable that record the rotational speed of the cylinder.
  • pneumatic sensors or piezo sensors which perceive the contact of the cylinder, are conceivable. Some of such sensors, which are suitable for the contact detection of two rotating body, are in the EP 0 627 309 A1 disclosed.
  • the zero position is added to a specific pressing range - a so-called offset.
  • This contact pressure ensures that the cylinders exert an optimum contact pressure against each other and thus achieve the desired ink transfer on the substrate.
  • This Anpresset is advantageously between 10 and 100 microns.
  • the control unit reduces the torque producing current that is supplied to the drive of the cylinder so that the drive experiences a so-called field weakening.
  • the control device will usually control a respective power drive associated power controller - such as a frequency converter.
  • this current is the so-called field current.
  • the magnetic flux in the working range of the engine is lowered below the nominal value. This achieves a reduction of the torque at the same speed in the drive. If a spinning cylinder is now attached to another cylinder - is made according to the method described above, the torque and thus the force acting on the contact of the cylinder on the cylinder surface, very low.
  • the cylinder surface - and in particular the raised areas of the printing cylinder - take no damage.
  • a field weakening can be realized both in DC and in three-phase motors.
  • At least one of the at least two cylinders has an asynchronous motor as a drive.
  • asynchronous motors field weakening is particularly easy to implement. For this purpose is simply - as already stated above - the field current lowered.
  • At least one of the cylinders which are to be set against each other, performs a rotational movement whose direction changes. It may be advantageous if the movement alternately - that is alternating - changes. But it may also be advantageous if a direction of movement is preferably carried out.
  • At least one of the cylinders comprises a projection on its peripheral surface.
  • This survey exerts the first contact when hiring the at least two cylinders. This means that the survey is in contact with a cylinder as soon as the sensors perceive a change in the parameters of the rotational movement of the cylinders.
  • the surveys are also called microdots. They advantageously have a diameter of 100 to 400 microns, but preferably a diameter between 150 and 250 microns.
  • the height of the microdots is modeled on the height of the raised areas (ie the cliché height). The use such microdots is recommended, for example, when Einjust réelle the printing press.
  • a bearing block of the cylinder to be set is moved in the radial direction against the other cylinder until the control unit detects the first contact between the cylinders. The first contact, the cylinders are therefore not parallel to each other.
  • the cylinder is returned to the starting position. Subsequently, the other side of the cylinder is moved against the other cylinder and the mutual zero position is equally determined and stored. This "bilateral determination of the zero position" can be achieved in the axial direction uniform Beiwolf (a uniform force in the axial direction of the cylinder).
  • both of the at least two cylinders rotate during their employment.
  • Particularly advantageous is an opposite rotation of the at least two cylinders.
  • a small speed difference can be realized.
  • the cylinders have a rotation in the employment, which is rectified. This can be advantageous if the parameters change so little during employment that the sensors can only perceive them with difficulty. A sense of direction in the same direction reinforces the changing parameters in the cylinder provision.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention includes that the speed difference between the at least two cylinders during the employment is less than 30 mm / s, but preferably between 5 and 10 mm / s.
  • Fig. 1 shows a printing machine 1, which represents a central cylinder flexographic printing machine in the illustrated embodiment. It therefore comprises an impression cylinder 2, on which the printing material 3 is guided.
  • the direction of rotation of the impression cylinder is represented by the arrow R. So that the printing material 3 rests completely on the counter-pressure cylinder 2 before the first pressure roller, it is guided by a pressure roller 4.
  • each inking unit 5 initially comprises a bracket 6, which extends away from a central machine frame 7.
  • Each console carries the cylinders necessary to print one color.
  • anilox rollers 9 are provided, which are accordingly adjustable to the pressure rollers 8.
  • the anilox rollers 9 are made of in the FIG. 1 Not shown doctoring chambers 10 supplied with the respective desired ink.
  • the pressure rollers 8, optionally also the anilox rollers 9 against those with different diameters or against those with Differences in relation to other properties (in anilox rollers, for example, the delivery volume) to be exchanged said rollers 8, 9 are mounted in bearing blocks, which are displaceable by means of suitable displacement devices relative to the counter-pressure cylinders.
  • These displacement means may comprise guide rails which are mounted on or on the console and which extend away from the impression cylinder.
  • the displacement devices further include drives for moving the bearing blocks along the guide rails, these drives usually have a spindle-spindle nut combination.
  • Each of the rollers 8, 9 is supplied with torque by torque-supplying components. Often, these are gears that mesh with each attached to the roller gear. These gears can be driven by a central drive. But there are also known for some years printing presses, which include a separate drive for each roller 8, 9, which drive the respective roller via gears. In modern printing machines gears are completely omitted; the drives drive the cylinders directly.
  • the bearings of the bearing blocks which store these rollers are designed in such a way that removal of the rollers is possible. It is advantageous if the bearings remain on the journal of the rollers and parts of the bearing block are folded down, so that the rollers are removed upwards. In addition, the roller - if necessary before - decouple from the drive train.
  • the color transport of a paint reservoir the color is supplied from outside the printing press - here the paint bucket 20 - sketch to the substrate 3.
  • the color lines 13 establish the connection between the paint bucket 20 and the doctoring chamber 10.
  • a paint line color 23 is passed to the doctoring chamber and in the other line 13 from the doctoring chamber 10 to the bucket 23.
  • the anilox roller 41 delivers the ink to the plate 43 of the plate roller 42, which rotates in the direction indicated by the arrow B.
  • With the cliché will the printing substrate 3 printed while it passes through the printing gap 48 defined by cliché roller 42 and impression cylinder 2.
  • the printing material is further promoted in the direction of rotation A of the impression cylinder, passes the guide roller 49, is lifted from the impression cylinder 2 and examined by the optical measuring device 21.
  • the light cone 22 represents the remitted from the printed image light.
  • a weighing device 24 monitoring the weight of the bucket 20 is shown.
  • FIG. 3 the cylinders of an inking unit of a flexographic printing machine 1 are shown in a parked position to each other.
  • the addition method according to the invention initially involves putting the printing cylinder 42 carrying the cliché 43 into rotation.
  • the direction of rotation of the cylinder 42 can take place in both directions of the double arrow D.
  • This parameter can be, for example, a change in the peripheral speed of the cylinder 42 - which can be detected via a change in the angular velocity by the rotary encoder - but also a change in the motor current - which the frequency converter drives the cylinder 42 feeds - be.
  • FIG. 6 shows an opposite direction of rotation d41 and d42 of the cylinders 41 and 42.
  • the resulting velocity vectors v1 and v2 of the cylinders 41, 42 are rectified.
  • the differential speed results from the difference of the velocity vectors v1 and v2 and is therefore small in the pressure gap 40.
  • FIG. 7 is a co-rotation of the cylinder 41, 42 to see.
  • the velocity vectors v1 and v2 are opposite.
  • the speed difference is big.
  • the applicator roll Until contact with the printing cylinder 42, the applicator roll has traveled a distance x in the radial direction.
  • the position occupied by the applicator roll on the first contact with the impression cylinder is stored in the control unit of the printing press.
  • the application roller 41 by a defined distance - for example, 1 mm - from the printing cylinder - that is opposite to the arrow E - moved away. This allows the printing cylinder to rotate freely again.
  • the further rotating printing cylinder 42 is now moved in the direction of the impression cylinder (in the direction of arrow E) until a sensor of the inking unit 5 again detects an exceeding of at least one parameter of the rotational movement of the cylinder 42.
  • a sensor of the inking unit 5 again detects an exceeding of at least one parameter of the rotational movement of the cylinder 42.
  • the printing cylinder 42 has to travel a distance y for this purpose.
  • the zero position for the impression cylinder the current position of the same is stored.
  • the distance y (of the printing cylinder) is added to the stored position of the applicator roll and stored as a zero position for the applicator roll.
  • the EP 1 249 346 A1 shows a method for adjusting a printed image in a flexographic printing press. In the in FIG. 2 illustrated embodiments of the EP 1 249 346 A1 is shown in which way or order the three rollers involved (counter-pressure, impression cylinder, applicator roll) of an inking unit of a flexographic printing machine can be employed against each other.
  • the printing cylinder 42 thus carries the above-mentioned microdots 45.
  • An alternative embodiment of the addition method according to the invention involves first making a first axial end G of a cylinder 42 against the other cylinder 41 ( FIG. 4 ). In this case, first, the microdot 45 of the first side G comes into contact with the surface of the roller.
  • the axes 46, 44 of the two cylinders 41, 42 are in this phase (during employment) at an angle to each other.
  • the position of the first side G of the cylinder 42 is stored in the control unit as the zero position of the first side G of the cylinder. Subsequently, the first side G of the cylinder is returned to its original position.
  • the axes 46, 44 of the cylinders are again parallel to each other ( FIG. 5 ). Now, the second axial side H of the cylinder 42 is turned against the second roller 41 in the same manner.
  • the position at contact is stored in the control unit as zero position of the second side H of the cylinder.
  • the cylinders 41, 42 can be made to each other when pressed.
  • This further exemplary embodiment of the addition method according to the invention makes it possible, after a parallel application or adjustment as described above, to maintain a constant contact pressure of the two cylinders 41, 42 over the entire axial contact region thereof.
  • FIG. 8 Once again an embodiment of a drive of a printing press according to the invention is shown.
  • the pressure roller 8 receives its torque via the drive train 50 from the asynchronous 51. Often. is the drive train 50 gearless and thus designed only as a shaft.
  • the drive train 50 has a coupling 58, with which the pressure roller 8 can be released from the asynchronous machine 51.
  • the speed of the asynchronous machine 51 and / or the shaft can with a Encoder 52 are monitored.
  • This rotary encoder 52 may be structurally integrated into the motor 51.
  • the asynchronous motor 51 receives the power necessary for its operation via the three-phase lines 56 from the frequency converter 53. It is possible to measure the currents flowing through the lines 56, inter alia, with current sensors 57. These may be integrated in the frequency converter 53.
  • the frequency converter receives its power from a line network 54.
  • the control device has not shown lines contact with the encoders 52 and current sensors 57. In addition, they can drive the frequency converter 53 so that it operates the asynchronous motor 51 in field weakening operation. For this purpose, for example, it can lower the exciter or field current below the nominal value.
  • control unit 55 can also control the adjusting means and optionally the drive of the second cylinder, which is to be placed on the pressure roller, such that the Anstellrea between the cylinders takes place as described in this document and that the relative peripheral speed of the two cylinders is within the desired range.
  • the control unit can be set up-for example with a computer program.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Inking, Control Or Cleaning Of Printing Machines (AREA)
  • Rotary Presses (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum gegenseitigen Anstellen zumindest zweier Zylinder einer Druckmaschine nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 und ein zugehöriges Verfahren nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 2.The invention relates to a device for mutual hiring at least two cylinders of a printing press according to the preamble of claim 1 and an associated method according to the preamble of claim 2.

In den Farbwerken von Rotationsdruckmaschinen ist häufig eine Vielzahl von Zylindern angeordnet, die zu ihren benachbarten Zylindern im Abstand zueinander einstellbar sind. Beispielsweise weisen verschiedene Flexodruckmaschinen mehrere Farbwerke auf, die gemeinsam an einen zentralen Gegendruckzylinder angeordnet sind. Die Farbwerke umfassen ihrerseits zumindest zwei weitere Zylinder, einen Druckzylinder und eine Auftragswalze.In the inking units of rotary printing machines, a plurality of cylinders is often arranged, which are adjustable with respect to their adjacent cylinders in the distance. For example, various flexographic printing machines have a plurality of inking units, which are arranged together on a central impression cylinder. The inking units in turn comprise at least two further cylinders, a printing cylinder and an applicator roll.

Zur Abwicklung von Druckaufträgen ist es notwendig, die im Farbwerk vorhandenen Zylinder in einem bestimmten Abstand bzw. mit einer bestimmten Kraft gegeneinander anzustellen, um einen optimalen Farbübertrag auf den zu bedruckenden Bedruckstoff zu erreichen.For the execution of print jobs, it is necessary to employ the existing inking cylinder in a certain distance or with a certain force against each other in order to achieve optimum ink transfer to the substrate to be printed.

Die Patentanmeldung EP 1 018 426 A1 zeigt eine Flexodruckmaschine, an der ein automatisches Verfahren zum gegenseitigen Anstellen eines Druckzylinders, einer Auftragswalze und eines Gegendruckzylinders durchführbar ist. Zunächst wird der Druckzylinder mithilfe des Antriebsmotors in langsame Rotation versetzt. Anschließend wird die nicht rotierende, Auftragswalze in ihrer radialen Richtung langsam gegen den druckzylinder gefahren. Sobald ein Kontakt zwischen Druckzylinder und Auftragswalze stattfindet, tritt eine Drehmomentsänderung im Antriebszug des Druckzylinders auf, der von einem Drehgeber (des Antriebszuges) erfasst wird. Die Position, die die Auftragswalze in diesem Moment erreicht hat, wird von der Steuereinheit der Druckmaschine als Nullposition für die Auftragswalze gespeichert. Anschließend wird der - sich weiterhin drehende - Druckzylinder gegen den Gegendruckzylinder gefahren, bis eine weitere Drehmomentsänderung in dessen Antriebszug eintritt. Die Position des Druckzylinders wird in der Steuereinheit als Nullposition für den Druckzylinder gespeichert. Der Weg, den der Druckzylinder bis zum Kontakt mit dem Gegendruckzylinder verfahren wurde, wird der Nullposition der Auftragswalze hinzuaddiert.The patent application EP 1 018 426 A1 shows a flexographic printing machine to which an automatic method for mutual employment of a printing cylinder, an applicator roll and a counter-pressure cylinder is feasible. First, the printing cylinder is set in slow rotation by means of the drive motor. Subsequently, the non-rotating applicator roll in its radial direction is slowly against the printing cylinder hazards. As soon as contact takes place between the impression cylinder and the applicator roll, a change in torque occurs in the drive train of the impression cylinder, which is detected by a rotary encoder (the drive train). The position that the applicator roll has reached at that moment is stored by the press control unit as the zero position for the applicator roll. Subsequently, the - further rotating - pressure cylinder is moved against the impression cylinder until a further change in torque enters its drive train. The position of the printing cylinder is stored in the control unit as zero position for the printing cylinder. The path that the printing cylinder was moved to contact the impression cylinder is added to the zero position of the applicator roll.

Die Druckzylinder bestehen häufig aus einem Zylinderdorn, welcher optional eine Zylinderhülse trägt, auf der wiederum ein Klischee befestigt ist. Das Klischee kann aber auch direkt auf einem Vollzylinder befestigt werden. Das Klischee trägt dabei die erhabenen Bereiche, die das Druckbild ergeben. Nach jedem Auftragswechsel werden die Klischees ausgetauscht. Die unterschiedlichen Klischees weisen in der Regel auch unterschiedliche Stärken (Dicken) auf. Daher muss die Nullposition der Zylinder nach jedem Auftragswechsel wieder neu ermittelt werden.The printing cylinders often consist of a cylinder mandrel, which optionally carries a cylinder sleeve, on which in turn a cliché is attached. The cliché can also be mounted directly on a solid cylinder. The cliché carries the raised areas that make up the printed image. After each job change, the clichés are replaced. The different clichés usually have different thicknesses (thicknesses). Therefore, the zero position of the cylinders must be re-determined after each job change.

Das Beistellverfahren nach der EP 1 018 426 A1 weist allerdings Nachteile auf, da die Kräfte, die bei dem Kontakt der Zylinder auf die Zylinderoberfläche wirken, sehr hoch sind. Tests haben gezeigt, dass die Druckzylinder nach diesem Beistellverfahren bereits nach wenigen automatischen Anstellzyklen Schäden aufweisen. Beim Flexodruck werden beispielsweise die erhabenen Bereiche des Druckzylinder - die zumeist von einem Klischee bereitgestellt werden - bei einem solchen Beistellverfahren beschädigt.The addition procedure after the EP 1 018 426 A1 However, there are disadvantages, since the forces acting on the contact of the cylinder on the cylinder surface are very high. Tests have shown that the printing cylinders damage already after a few automatic Anstellzyklen after this Beistellverfahren. In the case of flexographic printing, for example, the raised areas of the printing cylinder-which are usually provided by a cliché-are damaged in such an auxiliary process.

Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zum Anstellen von Zylindern eine Druckmaschine vorzuschlagen, bei der/dem die Beschädigung des Druckzylinders vermieden wird.The object of the present invention is therefore to propose a device and a method for adjusting cylinders of a printing press, in which / the damage to the printing cylinder is avoided.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch die Merkmale der kennzeichnenden Teile der Ansprüche 1 und 2 gelöst. Demnach ist die Steuereinheit der Druckmaschine derart eingerichtet, dass sie den zumindest einen Antrieb der Zylinder während der Anstellung derselben gegeneinander, im Feldschwächbetrieb betreibt.
Darüber hinaus weist zumindest einer der zumindest zwei Zylinder einen Asynchronmotor als Antrieb auf und zumindest einer der zwei Zylinder besitzt zumindest eine Erhebung auf seiner Umfangsfläche.According to the invention this object is solved by the features of the characterizing parts of claims 1 and 2. Accordingly, the control unit of the printing machine is set up such that it operates the at least one drive of the cylinders during the employment of the same against each other, in field weakening operation.
In addition, at least one of the at least two cylinders has an asynchronous motor as drive and at least one of the two cylinders has at least one elevation on its peripheral surface.

Vorteilhaft ist die vorliegende Erfindung bei Flexodruckmaschinen einsetzbar. Derartige Druckmaschinen weisen zumindest ein Farbwerk auf, welches zumindest zwei Zylinder umfasst. Wie oben bereits erwähnt, handelt es sich bei diesen Zylindern um einen Druckzylinder (inklusive Klischee) und einen Auftragszylinder, die im Druckbetrieb gegeneinander und gegen den Gegendruckzylinder angestellt sind. Moderne Flexodruckmaschinen können bis zu 10 Farbwerke aufweisen, die gemeinsam um einen zentralen Gegendruckzylinder angeordnet sind. In der Regel sind alle Zylinder (Gegendruck-, Druckzylinder und Auftragswalze) mit einem eigenen Antrieb ausgestattet. Dabei handelt es sich häufig um Elektromotoren, die - zumeist getriebelos - ein Drehmoment auf die Zylinderachse aufbringen. Denkbar sind Gleichstrom-, Drehstrom-, Synchron- oder Asynchronmotoren.Advantageously, the present invention can be used in flexographic printing machines. Such printing machines have at least one inking unit, which comprises at least two cylinders. As mentioned above, these cylinders are a printing cylinder (including cliché) and a job cylinder, which are employed in the printing operation against each other and against the impression cylinder. Modern flexographic printing machines can have up to 10 inking units, which are arranged together around a central impression cylinder. As a rule, all cylinders (impression cylinder, impression cylinder and applicator roller) are equipped with their own drive. These are often electric motors, which - usually gearless - apply a torque to the cylinder axis. Conceivable are DC, three-phase, synchronous or asynchronous motors.

Die Zylinder sind im Farbwerk drehbar in so genannten Lagerböcken gelagert. Die Lagerböcke sind zumeist mit Spindelantrieben und zugehörigen Elektromotoren versehen und können auf Schienen in radialer Richtung der Zylinder bewegt werden. Mithilfe der verschiebbaren Lagerböcke sind die Zylinder gegeneinander anstellbar. Die Spindelmotoren der Lagerböcke sind über eine Steuereinheit der Druckmaschine ansteuerbar. Dabei ist der Steuereinheit die jeweilige (aktuelle) Position der einzelnen Lagerböcke - und damit auch die radiale Position der Zylinder zueinander- bekannt.
Um die Zylinder vor Druckbeginn gegeneinander anzustellen, wird zumindest. ein Zylinder mithilfe seines Antriebsmotors in eine Drehbewegung versetzt. Anschließend wird der sich drehende Zylinder in Kontakt mit einem benachbarten Zylinder gebracht. Dabei ist es egal, welcher Zylinder dafür in seiner radialen Richtung bewegt wird. Es kommt lediglich auf eine stetige Verkürzung der radialen Relativposition der beiden Zylinder zueinander an. Mit radialer Richtung ist gemeint, dass die Bewegungsrichtung zumindest eine Radialkomponente des Zylinders beinhalten sollte, so dass zumindest eine teilweise Berührung der Umfangsflächen der beiden Zylinder herbeigeführt wird. Demnach ist auch ein nicht paralleles Anstellen der beiden Zylinder zueinander möglich. In diesem Fall stehen die Achsen der zumindest zwei Zylinder während der Anstellung schräg zueinander.The cylinders are rotatably mounted in the inking unit in so-called bearing blocks. The bearing blocks are usually provided with spindle drives and associated electric motors and can be moved on rails in the radial direction of the cylinder. By means of the sliding bearing blocks, the cylinders are adjustable against each other. The spindle motors of the bearing blocks can be controlled via a control unit of the printing press. In this case, the control unit is the respective (current) position of the individual bearing blocks - and thus the radial position of the cylinder each other - known.
To set the cylinders against each other before the start of printing, at least. a cylinder is rotated by means of its drive motor. Subsequently, the rotating cylinder is brought into contact with an adjacent cylinder. It does not matter which cylinder in there for is moved in its radial direction. It depends only on a steady shortening of the radial relative position of the two cylinders to each other. By radial direction is meant that the direction of movement at least one Radial component of the cylinder should include, so that at least a partial contact of the peripheral surfaces of the two cylinders is brought about. Accordingly, a non-parallel hiring the two cylinders to each other is possible. In this case, the axes of the at least two cylinders are inclined to each other during employment.

Im Farbwerk sind Sensoren vorgesehen, welche die Parameter der Drehbewegung der Zylinder aufzeichnen. In der Regel wird es sich bei den Parametern um das Drehmoment und/oder die Drehgeschwindigkeit der Zylinder handeln. Ändern sich diese Parameter, ist ein erster Kontakt zwischen den anzustellenden Zylindern hergestellt. Als Sensor kann beispielsweise der Drehgeber dienen, der dem sich drehenden Zylinder zugeordnet ist. Der Drehgeber ist in der Lage, die Winkelgeschwindigkeit (Drehgeschwindigkeit) eines Rotationskörpers (in diesem Fall des Zylinders) zu messen. Die Daten des Drehgebers werden - über eine geeignete Datenleitung - der Steuereinheit übermittelt. Ist der Durchmesser des Zylinders bekannt, kann aus der Winkelgeschwindigkeit die Umfangsgeschwindigkeit berechnet werden. Beim ersten Kontakt der beiden Zylinder wird von der Steuereinheit eine Änderung der Winkelgeschwindigkeit des angestellten Zylinders wahrgenommen. In diesem Moment wird die radiale Relativbewegung der beiden Zylinder zueinander beendet. Die Position, die die Zylinder zu diesem Zeitpunkt zueinander haben, wird von der Steuereinheit als Nullposition gespeichert. Alternativ kann beim ersten Kontakt der Zylinder eine Änderung des den Drehmoment bildenden Stroms, der dem Antrieb des Zylinders zugeführt wird, von der Steuereinheit detektiert werden. In der Regel wird der den Drehmoment bildende Strom von einem so genannten Frequenzumrichter zugeführt. Aber auch so genannte Servos können für diesen Zweck vorgesehen sein. In diesem Fall dient die Messeinrichtung, die den Drehmoment bildenden Strom überwacht, als Sensor für den ersten Kontakt der Zylinder. In der Regel wird der Drehmoment bildende Strom von der Steuereinheit der Druckmaschine überwacht. Bei einer Asynchronmaschine kann der Erregerstrom (Feldstrom) und oder der Drehmoment bildende Strom überwacht werden.
Es ist auch eine Vielzahl anderer Sensoren denkbar, die die Parameter der Drehbewegung der Zylinder messen können. Beispielsweise sind optische Sensoren denkbar, die die Drehgeschwindigkeit des Zylinders aufzeichnen. Auch pneumatische Sensoren oder Piezosensoren, die den Kontakt der Zylinder wahrnehmen, sind denkbar. Einige solcher Sensoren, die für die Kontakterfassung zweier Rotationskörper geeignet sind, sind in der EP 0 627 309 A1 offenbart.In the inking unit sensors are provided which record the parameters of the rotational movement of the cylinder. As a rule, the parameters will be the torque and / or the rotational speed of the cylinders. If these parameters change, a first contact between the cylinders to be set up is established. As a sensor, for example, serve the rotary encoder, which is associated with the rotating cylinder. The rotary encoder is capable of measuring the angular velocity (rotational speed) of a rotating body (in this case, the cylinder). The data of the rotary encoder are transmitted via a suitable data line to the control unit. If the diameter of the cylinder is known, the peripheral speed can be calculated from the angular velocity. At the first contact of the two cylinders, the control unit perceives a change in the angular velocity of the engaged cylinder. At this moment, the radial relative movement of the two cylinders is terminated to each other. The position which the cylinders have at this point in time is stored by the control unit as zero position. Alternatively, upon the first contact of the cylinder, a change in the torque forming current supplied to the drive of the cylinder may be detected by the control unit. As a rule, the current forming the torque is supplied by a so-called frequency converter. But also so-called servos can be provided for this purpose. In this case, the measuring device that monitors the torque-forming current serves as a sensor for the first contact of the cylinder. In general, the torque-forming current is monitored by the control unit of the printing press. In an asynchronous machine, the excitation current (field current) and / or the torque-forming current can be monitored.
It is also conceivable a variety of other sensors that can measure the parameters of the rotational movement of the cylinder. For example, optical Sensors conceivable that record the rotational speed of the cylinder. Also pneumatic sensors or piezo sensors, which perceive the contact of the cylinder, are conceivable. Some of such sensors, which are suitable for the contact detection of two rotating body, are in the EP 0 627 309 A1 disclosed.

Bei einer Flexodruckmaschine ist es notwendig, mehr als zwei Zylinder gegeneinander anzustellen. In diesem Fall ist es sinnvoll, zunächst den Druckzylinder und die Auftragswalze gegeneinander anzustellen. Die so ermittelte Nullposition der Auftragswalze wird in der Steuereinheit gespeichert. Anschließend ist es vorteilhaft die Auftragswalze - um eine bestimmte Weglänge - von der Druckwalze abzustellen und den sich drehenden Druckzylinder in radialer Richtung - nach demselben Verfahren - gegen den Gegendruckzylinder anzustellen. So wird die Nullposition des Druckzylinders ermittelt und ebenfalls in der Steuereinheit gespeichert. Die Wegdifferenz, die der Druckzylinder zum Gegendruckzylinder verfahren wurde, wird der Nullposition der Auftragswalze hinzuaddiert. Vor Druckbeginn wird der Nullposition eine bestimmte Anpressstrecke - ein so genannter Offset - zuaddiert. Diese Anpressstrecke sorgt dafür, dass die Zylinder einen optimalen Anpressdruck gegeneinander ausüben und damit den gewünschten Farbübertrag auf dem Bedruckstoff erreichen. Diese Anpresstrecke liegt vorteilhafterweise zwischen 10 und 100 µm.In a flexographic printing machine, it is necessary to make more than two cylinders against each other. In this case, it makes sense first to set the impression cylinder and the applicator roll against each other. The thus determined zero position of the applicator roll is stored in the control unit. Subsequently, it is advantageous to turn off the application roller - by a certain path length - from the pressure roller and to turn the rotating pressure cylinder in the radial direction - by the same method - against the impression cylinder. Thus, the zero position of the printing cylinder is determined and also stored in the control unit. The path difference, which was the printing cylinder moved to the impression cylinder, is added to the zero position of the applicator roll. Before printing begins, the zero position is added to a specific pressing range - a so-called offset. This contact pressure ensures that the cylinders exert an optimum contact pressure against each other and thus achieve the desired ink transfer on the substrate. This Anpresstrecke is advantageously between 10 and 100 microns.

Um die erhabenen Bereiche des Druckzylinders während des Anstellverfahrens nicht zu beschädigen, verringert die Steuereinheit den Drehmoment bildenden Strom, der dem Antrieb des Zylinders zugeführt wird, so dass der Antrieb eine so genannte Feldschwächung erfährt. Zu diesem Zweck wird die Steuervorrichtung in der Regel einen den betreffenden Antrieb zugeordneten Leistungssteller - wie einen Frequenzumrichter - ansteuern.
Erfindungsgemäß handelt es sich bei diesem Strom um den so genannten Feldstrom. So wird der magnetische Fluss im Arbeitsbereich des Motors unter den Nennwert abgesenkt. Damit wird beim Antrieb eine Reduktion des Drehmomentes bei gleicher Geschwindigkeit erreicht. Wenn ein sich drehender Zylinder jetzt an einen anderen Zylinder - nach dem oben beschriebenen Verfahren - angestellt wird, ist das Drehmoment und damit die Kraft, die bei dem Kontakt der Zylinder auf die Zylinderoberfläche wirkt, sehr gering. Die Zylinderoberfläche - und insbesondere die erhabenen Bereiche des Druckzylinders - nehmen keinen Schaden.In order not to damage the raised areas of the impression cylinder during the pitching process, the control unit reduces the torque producing current that is supplied to the drive of the cylinder so that the drive experiences a so-called field weakening. For this purpose, the control device will usually control a respective power drive associated power controller - such as a frequency converter.
According to the invention, this current is the so-called field current. Thus, the magnetic flux in the working range of the engine is lowered below the nominal value. This achieves a reduction of the torque at the same speed in the drive. If a spinning cylinder is now attached to another cylinder - is made according to the method described above, the torque and thus the force acting on the contact of the cylinder on the cylinder surface, very low. The cylinder surface - and in particular the raised areas of the printing cylinder - take no damage.

Eine Feldschwächung kann sowohl bei Gleichstrom- wie auch bei Drehstrommotoren realisiert werden.A field weakening can be realized both in DC and in three-phase motors.

Erfindungsgemäß weist zumindest einer der zumindest zwei Zylinder einen Asynchronmotor als Antriebauf. Bei den Asynchronmotoren ist eine Feldschwächung besonders einfach zu realisieren. Hierzu wird einfach - wie oben bereits ausgeführt - der Feldstrom gesenkt.According to the invention, at least one of the at least two cylinders has an asynchronous motor as a drive. In the case of asynchronous motors, field weakening is particularly easy to implement. For this purpose is simply - as already stated above - the field current lowered.

Um eine Feldschwächung bei einem Synchronmotor zu erreichen, muss magnetisches Gegenfeld zum Läufer (Rotor) desselben aufgebracht werden. Das ist technisch allerdings sehr aufwendig.In order to achieve field weakening in a synchronous motor, magnetic opposing field to the rotor (rotor) of the same must be applied. This is technically very expensive.

In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung führt zumindest einer der Zylinder, die gegeneinander angestellt werden sollen, eine Drehbewegung aus, deren Richtung sich ändert. Dabei kann es vorteilhaft sein, wenn die Bewegung sich abwechselnd - also alternierend - ändert. Es kann aber auch vorteilhaft sein, wenn eine Bewegungsrichtung bevorzugt ausgeführt wird.In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one of the cylinders, which are to be set against each other, performs a rotational movement whose direction changes. It may be advantageous if the movement alternately - that is alternating - changes. But it may also be advantageous if a direction of movement is preferably carried out.

Erfindungsgemäß umfasst zumindest einer der Zylinder eine Erhebung auf seiner Umfangsfläche. Diese Erhebung übt den ersten Kontakt beim Anstellen der zumindest zwei Zylinder aus. Das bedeutet, dass die Erhebung im Kontakt mit einem Zylinder steht, sobald die Sensoren eine Änderung der Parameter der Drehbewegung der Zylinder wahrnehmen. Die Erhebungen werden auch Mikropunkte genannt. Sie haben vorteilhafterweise einen Durchmesser von 100 bis 400 µm, bevorzugt aber einen Durchmesser zwischen 150 und 250 µm. Die Höhe der Mikropunkte ist der Höhe der erhabenen Bereiche (also der Klischeehöhe) nachempfunden. Der Einsatz solcher Mikropunkte empfiehlt sich beispielsweise bei der Einjustierung der Druckmaschine.According to the invention, at least one of the cylinders comprises a projection on its peripheral surface. This survey exerts the first contact when hiring the at least two cylinders. This means that the survey is in contact with a cylinder as soon as the sensors perceive a change in the parameters of the rotational movement of the cylinders. The surveys are also called microdots. They advantageously have a diameter of 100 to 400 microns, but preferably a diameter between 150 and 250 microns. The height of the microdots is modeled on the height of the raised areas (ie the cliché height). The use such microdots is recommended, for example, when Einjustierung the printing press.

Es ist besonders vorteilhaft, wenn die Anstellung der zumindest zwei Zylinder zunächst einseitig erfolgt. In diesem Fall wird zunächst ein Lagerbock des anzustellenden Zylinders in radialer Richtung gegen den anderen Zylinder gefahren, bis die Steuereinheit den ersten Kontakt zwischen den Zylindern detektiert. Beim ersten Kontakt stehen die Zylinder demnach nicht parallel zueinander. Nachdem die Steuereinheit die einseitige Nullposition gespeichert hat, wird der Zylinder in die Ausgangslage zurückgefahren. Anschließend wird die andere Seite des Zylinders gegen den anderen Zylinder gefahren und die gegenseitige Nullposition gleichermaßen ermittelt und gespeichert. Durch dieses "beidseitige Ermitteln der Nullposition" kann in axialer Richtung eine gleichmäßige Beistellung (eine gleichmäßige Kraft in axialer Richtung der Zylinder) erreicht werden.It is particularly advantageous if the employment of the at least two cylinders initially takes place on one side. In this case, first a bearing block of the cylinder to be set is moved in the radial direction against the other cylinder until the control unit detects the first contact between the cylinders. The first contact, the cylinders are therefore not parallel to each other. After the control unit has stored the unilateral zero position, the cylinder is returned to the starting position. Subsequently, the other side of the cylinder is moved against the other cylinder and the mutual zero position is equally determined and stored. This "bilateral determination of the zero position" can be achieved in the axial direction uniform Beistellung (a uniform force in the axial direction of the cylinder).

Es ist besonders vorteilhaft, wenn sich beide der zumindest zwei Zylinder bei ihrer Anstellung drehen. Besonders vorteilhaft ist eine gegensinnige Drehung der zumindest zwei Zylinder. Bei einer gegensinnigen Drehung - mit unterschiedlicher Geschwindigkeit der Zylinder - kann eine geringe Geschwindigkeitsdifferenz realisiert werden. Damit wird nur eine geringe Kraft auf die erhabenen Bereiche des Druckzylinders ausgeübt. Es kann aber auch von Vorteil sein, wenn die Zylinder bei der Anstellung einen Drehsinn aufweisen, der gleichgerichtet ist. Dies kann vorteilhaft sein, wenn sich die Parameter bei der Anstellung nur so gering ändern, dass die Sensoren diese nur schwierig wahrnehmen können. Ein gleichsinniger Drehsinn verstärkt die sich ändernden Parameter bei der Zylinderbeistellung.It is particularly advantageous if both of the at least two cylinders rotate during their employment. Particularly advantageous is an opposite rotation of the at least two cylinders. In an opposite direction - with different speed of the cylinder - a small speed difference can be realized. Thus, only a small force is exerted on the raised areas of the impression cylinder. But it may also be advantageous if the cylinders have a rotation in the employment, which is rectified. This can be advantageous if the parameters change so little during employment that the sensors can only perceive them with difficulty. A sense of direction in the same direction reinforces the changing parameters in the cylinder provision.

Eine besonders bevorzugte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung beinhaltet, dass die Geschwindigkeitsdifferenz zwischen den zumindest zwei Zylindern während der Anstellung geringer als 30 mm/s ist, vorzugsweise jedoch zwischen 5 und 10 mm/s liegt.A particularly preferred embodiment of the invention includes that the speed difference between the at least two cylinders during the employment is less than 30 mm / s, but preferably between 5 and 10 mm / s.

Weitere Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung gehen aus der gegenständlichen Beschreibung und den Ansprüchen hervor.
Die einzelnen Figuren zeigen:

Fig. 1
Seitenansicht einer Druckmaschine
Fig. 2
Seitenansicht eines Farbwerks einer Zentralzylinder-Flexodruckmaschine.
Fig. 3
Seitenansicht eines Farbwerks einer Zentralzylinder-Flexodruckmaschine.
Fig. 4
Draufsicht des Druckzylinders und der Auftragswalze
Fig. 5
Draufsicht des Druckzylinders und der Auftragswalze
Fig. 6
Eine Seitenansicht des Druckzylinders und der Auftragswalze
Fig. 7
Eine Seitenansicht des Druckzylinders und der Auftragswalze
Fig. 8
Eine Prinzipskizze eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines Antriebes einer erfindungsgemäßen Druckmaschine
Further embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the description and the claims.
The individual figures show:
Fig. 1
Side view of a printing press
Fig. 2
Side view of an inking unit of a central cylinder flexographic printing machine.
Fig. 3
Side view of an inking unit of a central cylinder flexographic printing machine.
Fig. 4
Top view of the printing cylinder and the applicator roll
Fig. 5
Top view of the printing cylinder and the applicator roll
Fig. 6
A side view of the printing cylinder and the applicator roll
Fig. 7
A side view of the printing cylinder and the applicator roll
Fig. 8
A schematic diagram of an embodiment of a drive of a printing press according to the invention

Fig. 1 zeigt eine Druckmaschine 1, die im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel eine Zentralzylinder-Flexodruckmaschine darstellt. Sie umfasst daher einen Gegendruckzylinder 2, auf dem der Bedruckstoff 3 geführt wird. Die Rotationsrichtung des Gegendruckzylinders wird durch den Pfeil R dargestellt. Damit der Bedruckstoff 3 bereits vor der ersten Druckwalze vollständig auf dem Gegendruckzylinder 2 aufliegt, wird er von einer Anpresswalze 4 geführt. Fig. 1 shows a printing machine 1, which represents a central cylinder flexographic printing machine in the illustrated embodiment. It therefore comprises an impression cylinder 2, on which the printing material 3 is guided. The direction of rotation of the impression cylinder is represented by the arrow R. So that the printing material 3 rests completely on the counter-pressure cylinder 2 before the first pressure roller, it is guided by a pressure roller 4.

Um den Gegendruckzylinder 2 sind mehrere, in dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel acht Farbwerke 5 angeordnet. Jedes Farbwerk 5 umfasst zunächst eine Konsole 6, die sich von einem zentralen Maschinengestell 7 weg erstreckt. Jede Konsole trägt die Zylinder, die für das Verdrucken einer Farbe notwendig sind. An der Gegendruckzylinder 2 anstellbar sind die Druckwalzen 8. Zum Auftragen der Druckfarbe auf die Druckwalzen 8 sind Rasterwalzen 9 vorgesehen, die dementsprechend an die Druckwalzen 8 anstellbar sind. Die Rasterwalzen 9 werden aus der in der Figur 1 nicht dargestellten Rakelkammern 10 mit der jeweils gewünschten Druckfarbe versorgt. Da insbesondere die Druckwalzen 8, gegebenenfalls auch die Rasterwalzen 9 gegen solche mit unterschiedlichen Durchmessern oder gegen solche mit Unterschieden in Bezug auf andere Eigenschaften (bei Rasterwalzen beispielsweise das Fördervolumen) ausgetauscht werden sollen, sind die genannten Walzen 8, 9 in Lagerböcken gelagert, welche mittels geeigneter Verschiebeeinrichtungen relativ zum Gegendruckzylindern verschiebbar sind. Diese Verschiebeeinrichtungen können Führungsschienen umfassen, die auf oder an der Konsole befestigt sind und die sich vom Gegendruckzylinder weg erstrecken. Die Verschiebeeinrichtungen umfassen des weiteren Antriebe zum Verschieben der Lagerböcke entlang der Führungsschienen, wobei diese Antriebe in der Regel eine Spindel-Spindelmutter-Kombination aufweisen.To the impression cylinder 2 more, in the embodiment shown eight inking units 5 are arranged. Each inking unit 5 initially comprises a bracket 6, which extends away from a central machine frame 7. Each console carries the cylinders necessary to print one color. For applying the ink to the pressure rollers 8 anilox rollers 9 are provided, which are accordingly adjustable to the pressure rollers 8. The anilox rollers 9 are made of in the FIG. 1 Not shown doctoring chambers 10 supplied with the respective desired ink. In particular, the pressure rollers 8, optionally also the anilox rollers 9 against those with different diameters or against those with Differences in relation to other properties (in anilox rollers, for example, the delivery volume) to be exchanged, said rollers 8, 9 are mounted in bearing blocks, which are displaceable by means of suitable displacement devices relative to the counter-pressure cylinders. These displacement means may comprise guide rails which are mounted on or on the console and which extend away from the impression cylinder. The displacement devices further include drives for moving the bearing blocks along the guide rails, these drives usually have a spindle-spindle nut combination.

Jede der genannten Walzen 8, 9 wird von Drehmoment zuführenden Bauteilen mit einem Antriebsdrehmoment versorgt. Oft sind dies Zahnräder, die mit jeweils einem an der Walze angebrachten Zahnrad kämmen. Diese Zahnräder können von einem zentralen Antrieb angetrieben werden. Es sind aber auch seit einigen Jahren Druckmaschinen bekannt, die für jede Walze 8, 9 einen eigenen Antrieb umfassen, die über Zahnräder die jeweilige Walze antreiben. In modernen Druckmaschinen wird auf Zahnräder vollständig verzichtet; die Antriebe treiben die Zylinder direkt an.Each of the rollers 8, 9 is supplied with torque by torque-supplying components. Often, these are gears that mesh with each attached to the roller gear. These gears can be driven by a central drive. But there are also known for some years printing presses, which include a separate drive for each roller 8, 9, which drive the respective roller via gears. In modern printing machines gears are completely omitted; the drives drive the cylinders directly.

Zum Austausch der Walzen sind die diese Walzen lagernden Lager der Lagerböcke derart ausgestaltet, dass eine Entnahme der Walzen möglich ist. Vorteilhaft ist es, wenn die Lager auf den Zapfen der Walzen verbleiben und Teile des Lagerbocks abgeklappt werden, so dass die Walzen nach oben entnehmbar sind. Außerdem ist die Walze - gegebenenfalls zuvor - vom Antriebsstrang abzukoppeln.For exchanging the rollers, the bearings of the bearing blocks which store these rollers are designed in such a way that removal of the rollers is possible. It is advantageous if the bearings remain on the journal of the rollers and parts of the bearing block are folded down, so that the rollers are removed upwards. In addition, the roller - if necessary before - decouple from the drive train.

Anhand der Figur 2 lässt sich der Farbtransport von einem Farbreservoir, dem Farbe von außerhalb der Druckmaschine zugeführt wird - hier dem Farbeimer 20 - bis zum Bedruckstoff 3 skizzieren.
Die Farbleitungen 13 stellen die Verbindung zwischen dem Farbeimer 20 und der Rakelkammer 10 her. In einer Farbleitung wird Farbe 23 zur Rakelkammer und in der anderen Leitung 13 von der Rakelkammer 10 zum Eimer 23 geleitet. Die Rasterwalze 41 gibt die Farbe an das Klischee 43 der Klischeewalze 42 ab, die sich in der vom Pfeil B angegebenen Richtung dreht. Mit dem Klischee wird der Bedruckstoff 3 bedruckt, während dieser durch den von Klischeewalze 42 und Gegendruckzylinder 2 definierten Druckspalt 48 läuft.
Der Bedruckstoff wird in der Drehrichtung A des Gegendruckzylinders weiter gefördert, läuft an der Leitwalze 49 vorbei, wird von dem Gegendruckzylinder 2 abgehoben und von der optischen Messeinrichtung 21 untersucht. Der Lichtkegel 22 stellt das von dem Druckbild remittierte Licht dar.
Für die Zwecke des Wiegens oder der Feststellung der Farbmasse beziehungsweise des Farbvolumens der betreffenden Farbe 23 an der Druckmaschine 1 ist eine Wiegevorrichtung 24, die das Gewicht des Eimers 20 überwacht, gezeigt.Based on FIG. 2 can the color transport of a paint reservoir, the color is supplied from outside the printing press - here the paint bucket 20 - sketch to the substrate 3.
The color lines 13 establish the connection between the paint bucket 20 and the doctoring chamber 10. In a paint line color 23 is passed to the doctoring chamber and in the other line 13 from the doctoring chamber 10 to the bucket 23. The anilox roller 41 delivers the ink to the plate 43 of the plate roller 42, which rotates in the direction indicated by the arrow B. With the cliché will the printing substrate 3 printed while it passes through the printing gap 48 defined by cliché roller 42 and impression cylinder 2.
The printing material is further promoted in the direction of rotation A of the impression cylinder, passes the guide roller 49, is lifted from the impression cylinder 2 and examined by the optical measuring device 21. The light cone 22 represents the remitted from the printed image light.
For the purposes of weighing or determining the color mass or color volume of the respective ink 23 on the printing press 1, a weighing device 24 monitoring the weight of the bucket 20 is shown.

In Figur 3 sind die Zylinder eines Farbwerks einer Flexodruckmaschine 1 in einer abgestellten Position zueinander dargestellt. Um einen neuen Druckjob zu starten, ist es notwendig - beispielsweise nach dem Austauschen eines Klischees 43 - die Zylinder 2, 41, 42 eines Farbwerks 5 wieder gegeneinander anzustellen. Das erfindungsgemäße Beistellverfahren beinhaltet zunächst, den das Klischee 43 tragenden Druckzylinder 42 in Rotation zu versetzen. Die Drehrichtung des Zylinders 42 kann in beiden Richtungen des Doppelpfeils D erfolgen. Anschließend wird die Auftragswalze 41 - auf hier nicht dargestellten Lagerböcken - in radialer Richtung (in Richtung des Pfeils E) so lange verfahren, bis ein Sensor des Farbwerks 5 eine Überschreitung zumindest eines Parameters der Drehbewegung des Zylinders 42 detektiert. Dieser Parameter kann beispielsweise eine Änderung der Umfangsgeschwindigkeit des Zylinders 42 - die über eine Änderung der Winkelgeschwindigkeit durch den Drehgeber detektiert werden kann - aber auch eine Änderung des Motorstroms - den der Frequenzumrichter den Antrieb des Zylinders 42 zuführt - sein.In FIG. 3 the cylinders of an inking unit of a flexographic printing machine 1 are shown in a parked position to each other. To start a new print job, it is necessary - for example, after replacing a cliché 43 - the cylinder 2, 41, 42 of an inking unit 5 against each other again. The addition method according to the invention initially involves putting the printing cylinder 42 carrying the cliché 43 into rotation. The direction of rotation of the cylinder 42 can take place in both directions of the double arrow D. Subsequently, the applicator roll 41 - on bearing blocks, not shown here - in the radial direction (in the direction of arrow E) so long procedure until a sensor of the inking unit 5 detects an exceeding of at least one parameter of the rotational movement of the cylinder 42. This parameter can be, for example, a change in the peripheral speed of the cylinder 42 - which can be detected via a change in the angular velocity by the rotary encoder - but also a change in the motor current - which the frequency converter drives the cylinder 42 feeds - be.

Die Figur 6 zeigt eine gegensinnige Drehrichtung d41 und d42 der Zylinder 41 und 42. Die resultierenden Geschwindigkeitsvektoren v1 und v2 der Zylinder 41, 42 sind gleichgerichtet. Die Differenzgeschwindigkeit ergibt sich aus der Differenz der Geschwindigkeitsvektoren v1 und v2 und ist im Druckspalt 40 demnach klein. In Figur 7 ist eine gleichsinnige Drehbewegung der Zylinder 41, 42 zu sehen. Die Geschwindigkeitsvektoren v1 und v2 sind entgegengerichtet. Die Geschwindigkeitsdifferenz ist groß.The FIG. 6 shows an opposite direction of rotation d41 and d42 of the cylinders 41 and 42. The resulting velocity vectors v1 and v2 of the cylinders 41, 42 are rectified. The differential speed results from the difference of the velocity vectors v1 and v2 and is therefore small in the pressure gap 40. In FIG. 7 is a co-rotation of the cylinder 41, 42 to see. The velocity vectors v1 and v2 are opposite. The speed difference is big.

Bis zum Kontakt mit dem Druckzylinder 42 hat die Auftragswalze in radialer Richtung eine Wegstrecke x zurückgelegt. Die Position, die die Auftragswalze beim ersten Kontakt mit dem Druckzylinder einnimmt, wird in der Steuereinheit der Druckmaschine gespeichert. Anschließend wird die Auftragswalze 41 um eine definierte Wegstrecke - beispielsweise 1 mm - von dem Druckzylinder - also entgegen des Pfeils E - wegbewegt. Dadurch kann der Druckzylinder wieder frei drehen. Der sich weiterhin drehende Druckzylinder 42 wird jetzt so lange in Richtung des Gegendruckzylinders (in Richtung des Pfeils E) bewegt, bis ein Sensor des Farbwerks 5 erneut eine Überschreitung zumindest eines Parameters der Drehbewegung des Zylinders 42 detektiert. In dem in Figur 3 gezeigten Beispiel muss der Druckzylinder 42 dafür eine Wegstrecke y zurücklegen. Als Nullposition für den Druckzylinder wird die aktuelle Position desselben gespeichert. Zur gespeicherten Position der Auftragswalze wird die Wegstrecke y (des Druckzylinders) hinzuaddiert und als Nullposition für die Auftragswalze gespeichert.Until contact with the printing cylinder 42, the applicator roll has traveled a distance x in the radial direction. The position occupied by the applicator roll on the first contact with the impression cylinder is stored in the control unit of the printing press. Subsequently, the application roller 41 by a defined distance - for example, 1 mm - from the printing cylinder - that is opposite to the arrow E - moved away. This allows the printing cylinder to rotate freely again. The further rotating printing cylinder 42 is now moved in the direction of the impression cylinder (in the direction of arrow E) until a sensor of the inking unit 5 again detects an exceeding of at least one parameter of the rotational movement of the cylinder 42. In the in FIG. 3 For example, the printing cylinder 42 has to travel a distance y for this purpose. As the zero position for the impression cylinder, the current position of the same is stored. The distance y (of the printing cylinder) is added to the stored position of the applicator roll and stored as a zero position for the applicator roll.

Eine Reihenfolge, die angibt, welcher der drei Zylinder (Gegendruck-, Druckzylinder, Auftragswalze) zuerst gegeneinander angestellt wird, ist für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren unbedeutend. So kann beispielsweise auch zuerst der Druckzylinder an den Gegendruckzylinder angestellt und danach die Auftragswalze an den Druckzylinder angestellt werden. Die EP 1 249 346 A1 zeigt ein Verfahren zur Einstellung eines Druckbildes in einer Flexodruckmaschine. In den in Figur 2 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen der EP 1 249 346 A1 wird dargestellt, in welcher Weise beziehungsweise Reihenfolge die drei beteiligten Walzen (Gegendruck-, Druckzylinder, Auftragswalze) eines Farbwerks einer Flexodruckmaschine gegeneinander angestellt werden können.An order indicating which of the three cylinders (impression, impression cylinder, applicator roll) is first set against each other is insignificant for the method according to the invention. Thus, for example, the impression cylinder can first be set against the impression cylinder and then the application roll can be set against the impression cylinder. The EP 1 249 346 A1 shows a method for adjusting a printed image in a flexographic printing press. In the in FIG. 2 illustrated embodiments of the EP 1 249 346 A1 is shown in which way or order the three rollers involved (counter-pressure, impression cylinder, applicator roll) of an inking unit of a flexographic printing machine can be employed against each other.

Beim so genannten Andrucken der Druckmaschine werden die beteiligten Zylinder 41, 42 über eine bestimmte Wegstrecke - den so genannten Offset-über ihre Nullposition hinaus in radialer Richtung E verfahren. Dieser Offset bewirkt die gewünschte Andruckkraft bzw. den gewünschten Farbübertrag der am Druckprozess beteiligten Zylinder. Die Figuren 4 und 5 zeigen jeweils eine Draufsicht auf den Druckzylinder 42 und die Auftragswalze 41. Der Druckzylinder 42 trägt so die oben bereits erwähnten Mikropunkte 45. Eine alternative Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Beistellverfahrens beinhaltet, zunächst ein erstes axiales Ende G eines Zylinders 42 gegen den anderen Zylinder 41 anzustellen (Figur 4). In diesem Fall tritt zuerst der Mikropunkt 45 der ersten Seite G in Kontakt mit der Oberfläche der Walze. Die Achsen 46, 44 der zwei Zylinder 41, 42 stehen in dieser Phase (während der Anstellung) schräg zueinander. Die Position der ersten Seite G des Zylinders 42 wird in der Steuereinheit als Nullposition der ersten Seite G des Zylinders gespeichert. Anschließend wird die erste Seite G des Zylinders wieder in ihre Ursprungsposition zurückgefahren. Die Achsen 46, 44 der Zylinder stehen wieder parallel zueinander (Figur 5). Nun wird die zweite axiale Seite H des Zylinders 42 in derselben Weise gegen die zweite Walze 41 angestellt. Die Position bei Kontakt wird in der Steuereinheit als Nullposition der zweiten Seite H des Zylinders gespeichert. Anhand der jeweiligen Nullposition der ersten G und zweiten Seite H des Zylinders können die Zylinder 41, 42 beim Andrucken aneinander angestellt werden. Dieses weitere Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Beistellverfahrens ermöglicht - nach einer oben beschriebenen parallelen Bei- bzw. Anstellung - einen konstanten Anstelldruck der zwei Zylinder 41, 42 über den gesamten axialen Kontaktbereich derselben.
Anhand der Figur 8 wird noch einmal ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Antriebes einer erfindungsgemäßen Druckmaschine dargestellt. Die Druckwalze 8 erhält ihr Drehmoment über den Antriebsstrang 50 von der Asynchronmaschine 51. Oft. ist der Antriebsstrang 50 getriebelos und damit lediglich als Welle ausgebildet. In Figur 8 weißt der Antriebsstrang 50 eine Kupplung 58 auf, mit der die Druckwalze 8 von der Asynchronmaschine 51 gelöst werden kann. Die Drehzahl der Asynchronmaschine 51 und/oder der Welle kann mit einem Drehgeber 52 überwacht werden. Dieser Drehgeber 52 kann baulich in den Motor 51 integriert sein. Der Asynchronmotor 51 erhält den für seinen Betrieb nötigen Strom über die Drehstromleitungen 56 von dem Frequenzumrichter 53. Es ist möglich, die durch die Leitungen 56 laufenden Ströme unter anderem mit Stromsensoren 57 zu messen. Diese können in den Frequenzumrichter 53 integriert sein. Der Frequenzumrichter erhält seinen Strom aus einem Leitungsnetz 54. Die Steuervorrichtung hat über nicht dargestellte Leitungen Kontakt zu den Drehgebern 52 und Stromsensoren 57. Darüber hinaus kann sie den Frequenzumrichter 53 so ansteuern, dass dieser den Asynchronmotor 51 im Feldschwächbetrieb betreibt. Zu diesem Zweck kann sie beispielsweise den Erreger- oder Feldstrom unter den Nennwert senken. Z. B. bei einem Nennwert von 10 A bis auf 1 A.
Durch solche Maßnahmen wird auch der magnetische Fluss im Arbeitsbereich des Motors 51 unter seinen Nennwert gesenkt.
Die oben genannten Nennwerte - hier vor allem die Nennströme - sind in der Regel für die in der Industrie eingesetzten Motore aus Datenblättern bekannt.
Gleichzeitig mit den erwähnten Maßnahmen in Bezug auf den Antrieb kann die Steuereinheit 55 auch die Anstellmittel und gegebenenfalls den Antrieb des zweiten Zylinders, der an die Druckwalze angestellt werden soll, derart ansteuern, dass der Anstellprozess zwischen den Zylindern wie in dieser Druckschrift beschrieben stattfindet und dass die relative Umfangsgeschwindigkeit der beiden Zylinder in dem gewünschten Bereich liegt.During the so-called printing of the printing machine, the cylinders 41, 42 involved are moved over a certain distance - the so-called offset beyond their zero position in the radial direction E. This offset causes the desired pressure force or the desired ink transfer of the cylinder involved in the printing process. The FIGS. 4 and 5 The printing cylinder 42 thus carries the above-mentioned microdots 45. An alternative embodiment of the addition method according to the invention involves first making a first axial end G of a cylinder 42 against the other cylinder 41 ( FIG. 4 ). In this case, first, the microdot 45 of the first side G comes into contact with the surface of the roller. The axes 46, 44 of the two cylinders 41, 42 are in this phase (during employment) at an angle to each other. The position of the first side G of the cylinder 42 is stored in the control unit as the zero position of the first side G of the cylinder. Subsequently, the first side G of the cylinder is returned to its original position. The axes 46, 44 of the cylinders are again parallel to each other ( FIG. 5 ). Now, the second axial side H of the cylinder 42 is turned against the second roller 41 in the same manner. The position at contact is stored in the control unit as zero position of the second side H of the cylinder. On the basis of the respective zero position of the first G and second side H of the cylinder, the cylinders 41, 42 can be made to each other when pressed. This further exemplary embodiment of the addition method according to the invention makes it possible, after a parallel application or adjustment as described above, to maintain a constant contact pressure of the two cylinders 41, 42 over the entire axial contact region thereof.
Based on FIG. 8 Once again an embodiment of a drive of a printing press according to the invention is shown. The pressure roller 8 receives its torque via the drive train 50 from the asynchronous 51. Often. is the drive train 50 gearless and thus designed only as a shaft. In FIG. 8 The drive train 50 has a coupling 58, with which the pressure roller 8 can be released from the asynchronous machine 51. The speed of the asynchronous machine 51 and / or the shaft can with a Encoder 52 are monitored. This rotary encoder 52 may be structurally integrated into the motor 51. The asynchronous motor 51 receives the power necessary for its operation via the three-phase lines 56 from the frequency converter 53. It is possible to measure the currents flowing through the lines 56, inter alia, with current sensors 57. These may be integrated in the frequency converter 53. The frequency converter receives its power from a line network 54. The control device has not shown lines contact with the encoders 52 and current sensors 57. In addition, they can drive the frequency converter 53 so that it operates the asynchronous motor 51 in field weakening operation. For this purpose, for example, it can lower the exciter or field current below the nominal value. For example, at a nominal value of 10 A up to 1 A.
By such measures, the magnetic flux in the working range of the motor 51 is lowered below its nominal value.
The above mentioned nominal values - above all the nominal currents - are generally known from data sheets for motors used in industry.
Simultaneously with the mentioned measures in relation to the drive, the control unit 55 can also control the adjusting means and optionally the drive of the second cylinder, which is to be placed on the pressure roller, such that the Anstellprozess between the cylinders takes place as described in this document and that the relative peripheral speed of the two cylinders is within the desired range.

Zum Zweck der automatischen Durchführung dieser erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren kann die Steuereinheit - beispielsweise mit einem Computerprogramm - eingerichtet sein. Bezugszeichenliste 1 Druckmaschine 2 Gegendruckzylinder 3 Bedruckstoff 4 Anpresswalze 5 Farbwerk 6 Konsole 7 Maschinengestell 8 Druckwalze 9 Rasterwalzen 10 Rakelkammer 11 12 13 Farbleitungen 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Farbeimer 21 Messeinrichtung 22 Lichtkegel 23 Farbe 24 Wiegevorrichtung 25 26 27 40 Druckspalt 41 Auftragswalze 42 Druckzylinder 43 Klischee 44 Achse 45 Mikropunkt 46 Achse 49 Leitwalze 50 Antriebsstrang 51 Asynchronmotor 52 Drehgeber 53 Frequenzumrichter 54 Netz 55 Steuervorrichtung 56 Drehstrom leitungen 57 Stromsensoren 58 Kupplung A Drehrichtung B Drehrichtung C Drehrichtung D Doppelpfeil E Pfeil F Doppelpfeil G Erste Seite des Zylinders H Zweite Seite des Zylinders R Drehrichtung X Wegstrecke Y Wegstrecke d41 Drehrichtung des Zylinders 41 d42 Drehrichtung des Zylinders 42 For the purpose of automatically carrying out these methods according to the invention, the control unit can be set up-for example with a computer program. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS 1 press 2 Impression cylinder 3 substrate 4 pressure roller 5 inking 6 console 7 machine frame 8th platen 9 anilox rolls 10 blade chamber 11 12 13 color lines 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 paint bucket 21 measuring device 22 light cone 23 colour 24 weighing device 25 26 27 40 nip 41 applicator roll 42 pressure cylinder 43 cliche 44 axis 45 microdot 46 axis 49 guide roll 50 powertrain 51 asynchronous 52 encoders 53 frequency converter 54 network 55 control device 56 Three-phase cables 57 current sensors 58 clutch A direction of rotation B direction of rotation C direction of rotation D double arrow e arrow F double arrow G First side of the cylinder H Second side of the cylinder R direction of rotation X path Y path d41 Direction of rotation of the cylinder 41 d42 Direction of rotation of the cylinder 42

Claims (10)

  1. Printing machine (1) having at least one inking unit (5),
    - which printing machine (1) comprises at least two cylinders (2, 8, 9, 41, 42) which are set against each other during printing operation,
    - it being possible for the cylinders (2, 8, 9, 41, 42) to be rotated with the aid of at least one drive,
    - sensors being provided in the printing machine (1), by way of which sensors parameters of the rotational movement of the cylinders (2, 8, 9, 41, 42) are to be recorded,
    - the printing machine (1) having throwing-on means, by way of which the at least two cylinders can be set against each other in their radial direction,
    - the printing machine (1) being operatively connected to a control unit, by way of which the throwing-on means can be actuated,
    - and the control unit being set up in such a way
    - that it brings about the following method steps in order to set the throwing-on position of the at least two cylinders:
    - inducing a different circumferential speed of the at least two cylinders which are set apart from each other
    - setting of the two cylinders against each other by way of the throwing-on means
    - recording or maintaining of the relative position of the two cylinders with respect to each other if at least one parameter of the rotational movement of the at least two cylinders exceeds a limiting value,
    characterized
    - in that the control unit is set up in such a way that it operates the at least one drive in field weakening mode during the throwing-on operation,
    - in that at least one of the at least two cylinders (2, 8, 9, 41, 42) has an asynchronous motor as drive,
    - and in that at least one of the two cylinders (2, 8, 9, 41, 42) has at least one elevation (45) on its circumferential face.
  2. Method for optimizing the radial relative position of at least two adjacent cylinders (2, 8, 9, 41, 42) of an inking unit (5), which cylinders (2, 8, 9, 41, 42) are driven by at least one drive,
    - in which method a different circumferential speed of the at least two cylinders which are first of all set apart from each other is induced,
    - in which method the cylinders are set against each other,
    - in which method parameters of the rotational movement of the cylinders are recorded,
    - and in which method the relative position of the two cylinders with respect to one another is recorded or maintained if at least one parameter of the rotational movement of the at least two cylinders exceeds a limiting value,
    characterized
    - in that the control unit is set up in such a way that it operates the at least one drive in field weakening mode during the throwing-on operation,
    - in that at least one of the at least two cylinders (2, 8, 9, 41, 42) is driven by an asynchronous motor,
    - and in that at least one cylinder (2, 8, 9, 41, 42) is used which has at least one elevation (45) on its circumferential face.
  3. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that, during the throwing-on operation, at least one of the cylinders (2, 8, 9, 41, 42) performs a rotational movement (D, F) which changes its direction.
  4. Method according to either of Claims 2 and 3, characterized in that the relative position of the at least two cylinders (2, 8, 9, 41, 42) is recorded on a first axial side (6) of the cylinders and then on the other side (H) of the cylinders.
  5. Method according to one of Claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the axles (44, 46) of the at least two cylinders (2, 8, 9, 41, 42) are oblique with respect to one another during the throwing-on operation.
  6. Method according to one of Claims 2 to 5, characterized in that a cylinder (2, 8, 9, 41, 42) is used, the circumferential face of which has in each case at least one elevation (45) at its two axial ends (G, H).
  7. Method according to one of Claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the speed difference between the at least two cylinders (2, 8, 9, 41, 42) during the throwing-on operation is less than 30 mm/s.
  8. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the speed difference between the at least two cylinders (2, 8, 9, 41, 42) during the throwing-on operation lies between 5 and 10 mm/s.
  9. Method according to one of Claims 2 to 8, characterized in that both of the at least two cylinders (2, 8, 9, 41, 42) rotate during their throwing-on operation.
  10. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that, during the throwing-on operation, the cylinders (2, 8, 9, 41, 42) have a rotational direction which is directed in the opposite direction.
EP10755086.5A 2009-06-10 2010-06-07 Device and method for mutual engagement of at least two cylinders of a printing machine Active EP2440408B1 (en)

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DE102009025053A DE102009025053A1 (en) 2009-06-10 2009-06-10 Device and method for mutual hiring at least two cylinders of a printing press
PCT/EP2010/003397 WO2010142405A2 (en) 2009-06-10 2010-06-07 Device and method for setting at least two cylinders of a printing machine against each other

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WO2010142405A2 (en) 2010-12-16
US8578850B2 (en) 2013-11-12
US20120079954A1 (en) 2012-04-05
WO2010142405A3 (en) 2011-03-03
ES2532661T3 (en) 2015-03-30

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