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EP2337688B1 - Coating device and associated coating method - Google Patents

Coating device and associated coating method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2337688B1
EP2337688B1 EP09737368.2A EP09737368A EP2337688B1 EP 2337688 B1 EP2337688 B1 EP 2337688B1 EP 09737368 A EP09737368 A EP 09737368A EP 2337688 B1 EP2337688 B1 EP 2337688B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coating agent
coating
print head
accordance
nozzles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP09737368.2A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2337688A1 (en
EP2337688B8 (en
Inventor
Frank Herre
Hans-Georg Fritz
Steffen Wesselky
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Duerr Systems AG
Original Assignee
Duerr Systems AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=41527840&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP2337688(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Priority to EP16001688.7A priority Critical patent/EP3112177B1/en
Priority to EP16001687.9A priority patent/EP3112176B1/en
Priority to PL16001688T priority patent/PL3112177T3/en
Priority to EP16001689.5A priority patent/EP3115216B1/en
Priority to EP18151709.5A priority patent/EP3332979B1/en
Application filed by Duerr Systems AG filed Critical Duerr Systems AG
Publication of EP2337688A1 publication Critical patent/EP2337688A1/en
Publication of EP2337688B1 publication Critical patent/EP2337688B1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2337688B8 publication Critical patent/EP2337688B8/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B13/00Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00
    • B05B13/02Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work
    • B05B13/04Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work the spray heads being moved during spraying operation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J3/00Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed
    • B41J3/407Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed for marking on special material
    • B41J3/4073Printing on three-dimensional objects not being in sheet or web form, e.g. spherical or cubic objects
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/14Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with multiple outlet openings; with strainers in or outside the outlet opening
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05CAPPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C11/00Component parts, details or accessories not specifically provided for in groups B05C1/00 - B05C9/00
    • B05C11/10Storage, supply or control of liquid or other fluent material; Recovery of excess liquid or other fluent material
    • B05C11/1002Means for controlling supply, i.e. flow or pressure, of liquid or other fluent material to the applying apparatus, e.g. valves
    • B05C11/1005Means for controlling supply, i.e. flow or pressure, of liquid or other fluent material to the applying apparatus, e.g. valves responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material already applied to the surface, e.g. coating thickness, weight or pattern
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05CAPPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C11/00Component parts, details or accessories not specifically provided for in groups B05C1/00 - B05C9/00
    • B05C11/10Storage, supply or control of liquid or other fluent material; Recovery of excess liquid or other fluent material
    • B05C11/1002Means for controlling supply, i.e. flow or pressure, of liquid or other fluent material to the applying apparatus, e.g. valves
    • B05C11/1015Means for controlling supply, i.e. flow or pressure, of liquid or other fluent material to the applying apparatus, e.g. valves responsive to a conditions of ambient medium or target, e.g. humidity, temperature ; responsive to position or movement of the coating head relative to the target
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05CAPPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C11/00Component parts, details or accessories not specifically provided for in groups B05C1/00 - B05C9/00
    • B05C11/10Storage, supply or control of liquid or other fluent material; Recovery of excess liquid or other fluent material
    • B05C11/1002Means for controlling supply, i.e. flow or pressure, of liquid or other fluent material to the applying apparatus, e.g. valves
    • B05C11/1015Means for controlling supply, i.e. flow or pressure, of liquid or other fluent material to the applying apparatus, e.g. valves responsive to a conditions of ambient medium or target, e.g. humidity, temperature ; responsive to position or movement of the coating head relative to the target
    • B05C11/1018Means for controlling supply, i.e. flow or pressure, of liquid or other fluent material to the applying apparatus, e.g. valves responsive to a conditions of ambient medium or target, e.g. humidity, temperature ; responsive to position or movement of the coating head relative to the target responsive to distance of target
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05CAPPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C11/00Component parts, details or accessories not specifically provided for in groups B05C1/00 - B05C9/00
    • B05C11/10Storage, supply or control of liquid or other fluent material; Recovery of excess liquid or other fluent material
    • B05C11/1036Means for supplying a selected one of a plurality of liquids or other fluent materials, or several in selected proportions, to the applying apparatus
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05CAPPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C11/00Component parts, details or accessories not specifically provided for in groups B05C1/00 - B05C9/00
    • B05C11/10Storage, supply or control of liquid or other fluent material; Recovery of excess liquid or other fluent material
    • B05C11/1044Apparatus or installations for supplying liquid or other fluent material to several applying apparatus or several dispensing outlets, e.g. to several extrusion nozzles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05CAPPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C5/00Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work
    • B05C5/02Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work the liquid or other fluent material being discharged through an outlet orifice by pressure, e.g. from an outlet device in contact or almost in contact, with the work
    • B05C5/027Coating heads with several outlets, e.g. aligned transversally to the moving direction of a web to be coated
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J3/00Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed
    • B41J3/407Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed for marking on special material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B12/00Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area
    • B05B12/08Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material to be discharged, of ambient medium or of target ; responsive to condition of spray devices or of supply means, e.g. pipes, pumps or their drive means
    • B05B12/12Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material to be discharged, of ambient medium or of target ; responsive to condition of spray devices or of supply means, e.g. pipes, pumps or their drive means responsive to conditions of ambient medium or target, e.g. humidity, temperature position or movement of the target relative to the spray apparatus
    • B05B12/122Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material to be discharged, of ambient medium or of target ; responsive to condition of spray devices or of supply means, e.g. pipes, pumps or their drive means responsive to conditions of ambient medium or target, e.g. humidity, temperature position or movement of the target relative to the spray apparatus responsive to presence or shape of target
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B13/00Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00
    • B05B13/02Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work
    • B05B13/04Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work the spray heads being moved during spraying operation
    • B05B13/0431Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work the spray heads being moved during spraying operation with spray heads moved by robots or articulated arms, e.g. for applying liquid or other fluent material to 3D-surfaces
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B13/00Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00
    • B05B13/02Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work
    • B05B13/04Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work the spray heads being moved during spraying operation
    • B05B13/0447Installation or apparatus for applying liquid or other fluent material to conveyed separate articles
    • B05B13/0452Installation or apparatus for applying liquid or other fluent material to conveyed separate articles the conveyed articles being vehicle bodies
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B14/00Arrangements for collecting, re-using or eliminating excess spraying material
    • B05B14/40Arrangements for collecting, re-using or eliminating excess spraying material for use in spray booths
    • B05B14/43Arrangements for collecting, re-using or eliminating excess spraying material for use in spray booths by filtering the air charged with excess material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05DPROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • B05D5/06Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05DPROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/14Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a coating device for coating, in particular painting of motor vehicle body components. Furthermore, the invention relates to a corresponding coating method.
  • the known application devices are also associated with high operating costs due to the paint losses and the disposal costs for disposal of the overspray due to the resulting in operation overspray.
  • an ink jet printer with a printhead which, in one embodiment, includes two parallel rows each having a plurality of nozzles. In another embodiment, the printhead includes four parallel nozzle rows whose nozzles each inject one of four different primary colors. These and other known ink jet printers are not suitable for applying paint to body components.
  • the invention comprises the general technical teaching of using an application device with such a high degree of application efficiency that leaching can be dispensed with, in which convention the overspray is washed out of the cabin air.
  • An advantage of the coating device according to the invention is therefore in the preferred embodiment is that can be dispensed with a separate leaching.
  • the invention is not limited to paint shops that have no leaching at all. Rather, by the use of application equipment with a higher order efficiency, the possibility of a smaller dimensioning of the leaching, if a complete waiver is not possible.
  • the print head is positioned by a multi-axis robot, wherein the robot preferably comprises a plurality of pivotable robot arms and a multi-axis robot hand axis to which the print head is mounted.
  • the printhead in the case of the coating device according to the invention has a significantly larger surface coating output, which is greater than 1 m 2 / min. and preferably greater than 2m 2 / min., 3 m 2 / min. or 4m 2 / min ..
  • the high order efficiency of the printheads used in the invention as application devices allows a waiver of explosion protection measures in accordance with the relevant statutory ATEX directives, as less Overspray is generated and therefore no hazardous atmosphere is created during operation. In one embodiment of the invention, therefore, no explosion protection is provided in the paint booth.
  • the coating agent nozzles in the print head can be arranged in rows, for example in rows and columns.
  • the coating agent nozzles are thus arranged in the form of a matrix in the printing head.
  • the individual coating agent rows are each assigned a base color (eg cyan, magenta, yellow, black) that the coating agent nozzles of a row apply the same color.
  • a base color eg cyan, magenta, yellow, black
  • all coating agent nozzles of the print head or at least a large part thereof are connected together to a single coating agent feed line and therefore apply the same coating agent.
  • a part of the coating agent nozzles of the print head is connected to a first coating agent feed line, while a second part of the coating agent nozzles of the print head is connected to a second coating agent feed line, so that the print head can apply two different coating agents.
  • the coating agent nozzles in the individual rows of nozzles are in this case connected alternately with the one coating agent supply line or with the other coating agent supply line.
  • effect particles eg metallic, mica, etc.
  • a separate coating agent nozzle This can be very targeted and effects with local differences are applied to the object. Also under certain circumstances effects can be generated that are unthinkable today.
  • effect particles With the new inkjet technology, it is possible to place effect particles only on the surface of the layer, for example.
  • the coating agent nozzles in the print head are preferably arranged in matrix form in a plurality of rows and columns.
  • the individual coating agent nozzles of the print head are essentially the same size.
  • the adjacent rows of nozzles can be arranged offset from each other in the longitudinal direction, in particular by half a nozzle width, which allows a maximum packing density of the coating agent nozzles in the nozzle head.
  • the individual rows of nozzles are preferably aligned transversely, in particular at right angles to the feed direction of the nozzle head.
  • the print head is rotatably mounted and rotates during the coating.
  • the print head can have different sized coating agent nozzles, wherein the smaller coating agent nozzles are preferably arranged closer to the axis of rotation of the print head than the larger coating agent nozzles.
  • a plurality of print heads are provided, which are guided jointly by the multi-axis robot and are pivotable relative to one another, which allows adaptation to curved component surfaces.
  • a wear-reducing coating such as, for example, a DLC coating (DLC: diamond-like carbon), a diamond coating, a hard metal or a material combination of a hard and a soft material.
  • a wear-reducing coating such as, for example, a DLC coating (DLC: diamond-like carbon), a diamond coating, a hard metal or a material combination of a hard and a soft material.
  • the surface areas of the print head which come into contact with the coating agent can be coated with titanium nitride, titanium oxide or chemical nickel or with another layer which is PVC (PVC: P hysical V apour D eposition) in the CVD process (CVD: C hemical V apour deposition) or in the anodizing process (Eloxal: E lektrolytician O xidation of A lumium) produced or provided with an "easy-to-clean" coating.
  • PVC P hysical V apour D eposition
  • CVD C hemical V apour deposition
  • Eloxal E lektrolytician O xidation of A lumium
  • electrostatic coating agent charging and / or compressed air assist may be provided.
  • Another possibility is a position detection which detects the spatial position of the print head and / or the component surface to be coated and controls or regulates the positioning of the print head accordingly.
  • the "mixing space” may be a mixing chamber, a piece of tubing or a mixing system (e.g., Keenix mixer).
  • a mixing system e.g., Keenix mixer.
  • the dosing technique can also be inkjet technology.
  • the required amount of individual droplets that are dependent on the opening time of the nozzle and the pressure can be generated.
  • These inkjet nozzles in turn mix the color in a mixing room.
  • a sensor which detects the course of a guide track in order to position the print head in relation to the guide track.
  • the senor is mounted on the printhead or on the robot, but in principle other constructions are possible.
  • the sensor can detect the preceding painting track, so that the current painting track can be applied in a specific relative position relative to the preceding painting track.
  • the senor is an optical sensor, but in principle, other types of sensors are possible.
  • the aforesaid guideway may also be a separate web which is applied only for guidance purposes and may comprise, for example, a normally invisible color which is visible to the sensor only when illuminated with ultraviolet (UV) or infrared (IR) light.
  • UV ultraviolet
  • IR infrared
  • a laser measuring system can also detect the distance to the surface of the component to be coated and keep it constant within the scope of a regulation.
  • a robot control is provided, the input side with the sensor and the output side is connected to the robot, wherein the robot controller positions the print head in dependence on the course of the guideway.
  • the printhead has an enveloped stream nozzle which emits an enveloping stream of air or another gas, the enveloping stream enveloping the coating medium stream emitted from the coating compound nozzle in order to atomize or delineate the coating agent droplets.
  • this envelope flow in the form of an air curtain can direct the resulting overspray on the component surface, whereby the order efficiency is improved.
  • the printhead has a plurality of coating agent nozzles juxtaposed with respect to the web direction, with the outer coating agent nozzles delivering less coating agent than the inner coating nozzles, resulting in a corresponding layer thickness of the pitch transverse to the web direction. It is not necessarily arranged nozzles in a row. It can be controlled for each nozzle and each pixel, the amount of color. By different amounts of color z. B. also controlled the hue intensity. In this case, there is the possibility that the layer thickness distribution is a Gaussian normal distribution. Alternatively, there is the possibility that the amount of coating agent dispensed from the individual coating agent nozzles is selected such that the layer thickness distribution is a trapezoidal distribution. Such a trapezoidal layer thickness distribution is advantageous because the adjacent coating middle webs can overlap each other so that the superposition of the trapezoidal layer thickness distributions of the adjacent coating center webs leads to a constant layer thickness.
  • the components to be coated are conveyed along a conveying path, which is known per se from the prior art of paint shops and therefore need not be described in detail.
  • a portal spans the conveying path, wherein on the portal numerous print heads are mounted, which are directed to the components on the conveying path and coat these components.
  • the invention also includes a corresponding coating method, as already apparent from the above description.
  • the technology according to the invention can also be used for the targeted coating of cut edges of pre-coated sheets, stamped sheets or for the efficient sealing of seams and edges
  • FIG. 2 shows a painting according to the invention, which partially with the initially described and in FIG. 1
  • FIG. 2 shows a painting according to the invention, which partially with the initially described and in FIG. 1
  • a special feature of the painting plant according to the invention consists firstly in that the painting robots 3, 4 as application device do not carry rotary atomizers, but rather print heads 8, 9, which have a much greater degree of application efficiency of more than 95% and therefore generate substantially less overspray.
  • this offers the advantage that in accordance with the conventional paint shop FIG. 1 existing leaching 7 can be dispensed with.
  • an air suction 10 located in the paint shop according to the invention under the spray booth 2, an air suction 10, which sucks the cabin air through a filter cover 11 down from the spray booth 2.
  • the filter cover 11 filters out the excess air in the cabin air overspray out without the leaching 7 is required as in the conventional painting.
  • the printheads 8, 9 operate in this embodiment as conventional printheads according to the piezo principle, however, the surface coating performance of the printheads 8, 9 compared to conventional printheads much larger, so that the vehicle body components can be painted with a satisfactory operating speed.
  • FIG. 3A shows a coating agent nozzle 12, which is arranged in each case in the print heads 8, 9 in addition to numerous other coating agent nozzles, wherein the coating agent nozzle 12 is supplied by a color changer 13 with the coating agent to be applied.
  • the color changer 13 On the input side, the color changer 13 is connected to a total of seven coating agent supply lines, of which the color changer 13 can select one for coating agent supply of the coating agent nozzle 12.
  • the other three coating agent supply lines of the color changer 13 on the other hand serve to supply a metallic lacquer, a mica lacquer and a special lacquer.
  • the desired hue of the coating agent is mixed on the vehicle body component to be coated, with either temporal or local mixing being possible.
  • successively coating agent droplets in the primary colors C, M, Y and K are applied in the desired color ratio, so that the coating agent droplets then mix on the motor vehicle body component to be coated.
  • coating agent droplets of a specific base color C, M, Y or K are applied from the coating agent nozzle 12, which then become on the vehicle body components to be coated with other coating agent droplets mix, which are applied by another, not shown here Be Anlagenungsstoffdüse.
  • FIG. 3B shows a modification of the embodiment according to FIG. 3A , wherein a nozzle row with four coating agent nozzles 14.1-14.4 and four color changers 15.1-15.4 is shown.
  • the color changers 15.1-15.4 are connected in parallel to five coating agent supply lines, via which the color changers 15.1-15.4 are supplied with the four primary colors C, M, Y, K of the CMYK color system and additionally with a special paint S.
  • FIG. 4A shows a group of coating agent nozzles 16.1-16.5, which are connected together with the output of a color changer 17 and therefore apply the same coating agent in operation.
  • the color changer 17 is connected on the input side to seven coating agent supply lines, four of the coating agent supply lines supplying the primary colors C, M, Y, K of the CMYK color system, while the other three coating agent supply lines supply a metallic lacquer, a mica lacquer or a special lacquer.
  • FIG. 4B The embodiment according to FIG. 4B is largely consistent with that described above and in FIG. 4A illustrated embodiment, so reference is made to avoid repetition of the above description, wherein the same reference numerals are used for corresponding details.
  • a special feature of this exemplary embodiment consists firstly in that the color changer 17 is connected on the output side to a total of six coating agent nozzles 16.1-16.6, which thus apply the same coating agent.
  • Another special feature of this embodiment is that the color changer 17 is connected on the input side only with five coating agent supply lines, four of the coating agent leads the primary colors C, M, Y, K of the CMYK color system, whereas the fifth coating agent supply line supplies a special paint.
  • FIG. 5 partially in accordance with the embodiment FIG. 4A to avoid repetition, reference is made to the above description, wherein like reference numerals are used for corresponding details.
  • a special feature of this embodiment is that the color changer 17 is connected on the input side to a color mixer 18, wherein the color mixer 18 is connected on the input side to four coating agent supply lines, which supply the four primary colors C, M, Y, K of the CMYK color system.
  • the color mixer 18 can therefore mix any color from the four primary colors C, M, Y, K and feed the color changer 17.
  • the color changer 17 can optionally supply only the coating agent nozzle 16.1 with the coating agent to be applied or optionally also the coating agent nozzles 16.2, 16.3 and possibly also further coating agent nozzles which are not shown in the drawing.
  • a special feature of this embodiment is that the adjacent coating agent nozzles 16.1-16.4 are connected directly to a respective coating agent supply line, via which in each case one of the primary colors C, M, Y, K of the CMYK color system is supplied.
  • the adjacent coating agent nozzle 16.5 is connected via the color changer 17 to three further coating agent supply lines which supply a metallic lacquer, a mica lacquer or a special lacquer.
  • the color changer selects the desired effect varnish (metallic varnish, mica varnish or special varnish) and applies it via the coating compound nozzle 16.5.
  • the four primary colors C, M, Y and K of the CMYK color system are applied in the desired ratio via the coating agent nozzles 16.1-16.4.
  • On the component to be coated then mix the primary colors C, M, Y, K with the selected effect varnish.
  • FIG. 7 shows several nozzle rows 19.1-19.4 with numerous coating agent nozzles 20, wherein the individual nozzle rows 19.1-19.4 each one of the four primary colors C, M, Y, K of the CMYK color system is assigned.
  • the coating agent nozzles 20 of the coating agent series 19.1 apply the base color C (cyan), while the coating agent series 19.2 applies the base color M (magenta).
  • the nozzle rows 19.1-19.4 can also apply a special paint S.
  • every second of the coating agent nozzles 20 is connected to a special paint supply line.
  • the individual coating agent nozzles 20 can thus alternately apply the special coating S and one of the four primary colors C, M, Y, K.
  • FIG. 8 also shows four nozzle rows 21.1-21.4, each comprising numerous coating agent nozzles 22.
  • each color changer 23.1-23.4 is provided, each supplying all coating agent nozzles 22 of one of the four nozzle rows 21.1-21.4 with a coating agent.
  • the color changer 23.1 feeds all coating agent nozzles 22 of the nozzle row 21.1
  • the color changer 23.2 feeds all coating agent nozzles 22 of the nozzle row 21.2
  • the color changer 23.3 feeds all the coating agent nozzles 22 of the nozzle row 21.3
  • the color changer 23.4 supplies all coating agent nozzles 20 of the nozzle row 21.4 with the coating agent to be applied.
  • the color changers 23.1-23.4 are each supplied with a base color C, M, Y, K, so that each of the primary colors C, M, Y, K is assigned to one of the four nozzle rows 21.1-21.4.
  • the color changer 23.1-23.4 are connected to several special color supply lines, on the special colors, Metallic paints or the like can be supplied.
  • FIG. 9 partly in agreement with the one described above and in FIG. 8 illustrated embodiment, so reference is made to avoid repetition of the above description, wherein the same reference numerals are used for corresponding details.
  • a special feature of this embodiment is that the color changer 23.1-23.4 are connected on the input side together with another color changer 24, wherein the color changer 24 is supplied on the input side with three different effect coatings S1, S2, S3.
  • the color changer 24 thus selects one of the effect coatings S1, S2 or S3 during operation and makes the selected effect coating available to the other color changers 23.1 to 23.4 for selection.
  • the color changer 23.1-23.4 can thus optionally select the respective base color C.M, Y or K or the effect varnish provided by the color changer 24.
  • a special feature of this embodiment is that the coating agent nozzles 16.1-16.4 are not separated from each other with one of the primary colors C, M, Y and K, respectively be supplied. Rather, the coating agent nozzles 16.1-16.4 supplied together by a color mixer 25 with the coating agent to be applied, the color mixer 25 is supplied on the input side with the primary colors C, M, Y, K of the CMYK color system and mixes a desired color tone according to the control, the then applied by the coating agent nozzles 16.1-16.4.
  • FIG. 11 partly in agreement with the one described above and in FIG. 7 illustrated embodiment, so reference is made to avoid repetition of the above description, wherein the same reference numerals are used for corresponding details.
  • a special feature of this embodiment is that the individual rows of nozzles 19.1-19.4 are not supplied with different primary colors, but with a mixed-together coating agent that is mixed together by a color mixer 26 of the primary colors C, M, Y and K.
  • FIG. 12 partly in agreement with the one described above and in FIG. 8 illustrated embodiment, so reference is made to avoid repetition of the above description, wherein the same reference numerals are used for corresponding details.
  • a special feature of this embodiment is that the individual color changer 23.1-23.4 are supplied together with a color mixture which is provided by a color mixer 27, wherein the color mixer 27 is supplied on the input side with the primary colors C, M, Y and K.
  • FIG. 13 shows a further embodiment of a nozzle arrangement in the print heads 8, 9, wherein here four nozzle rows 28.1-28.4 are shown, each having numerous coating agent nozzles 29. All coating agent nozzles 29 and all coating agent rows 28.1-28.4 are in this case supplied together by a color changer 30 with the same coating agent.
  • the color changer 30 is connected to three special color supply lines via which three special paints S1, S2, S3 are supplied.
  • the color changer 30 is connected on the input side to a color mixer 31, which mixes a desired color tone from the primary colors C, M, Y, K and makes it available to the color changer 30 for selection.
  • FIG. 14 partly in agreement with the one described above and in FIG. 13 illustrated embodiment, so reference is made to avoid repetition of the above description, wherein the same reference numerals are used for corresponding details.
  • a special feature of this embodiment is that all coating agent nozzles 29 are connected in all nozzle rows 28.1-28.4 to a common coating agent supply line 31, via which the same coating agent is supplied.
  • a special feature of this embodiment is that the coating agent nozzles 20 in the individual nozzle rows 19.1-19.4 are alternately connected to a first coating agent line 32 and a second coating agent supply line 33.
  • the nozzle arrangement 34 has a plurality of nozzle rows 35.1-35.7, each of which comprises a plurality of coating agent nozzles 36.
  • FIG. 17 shows a modified nozzle assembly 34, which is largely with the above-described and in FIG. 16 the nozzle arrangement shown matches, so that reference is made to avoid repetition of the above description.
  • FIG. 19 is largely consistent with the embodiment described above FIG. 18 to avoid repetition, reference is made to the above description, wherein like reference numerals are used for corresponding details.
  • a special feature of this embodiment is that the nozzle rows are 38.1-38.5 offset with the larger nozzle openings in the longitudinal direction to each other and that by half a nozzle width.
  • FIG. 22 a printhead assembly 46 having a total of four print heads 47-50 which are pivotable relative to each other to allow a better fit to the surface of a curved member 51.
  • the coating agent feeders 63-65 are connected on the output side to a mixer 66 which mixes the individual components into a coating agent mixture, which is then fed to a print head 67.
  • the mix of different Components of the coating agent thus takes place before application by the print head 67.
  • the sheath flow discharged by the sheath current nozzle 73 deflects any overspray in the direction of the component surface 71 and thereby improves the application efficiency.
  • a peculiarity of this embodiment is that the individual coating agent drops 70 are pneumatically ejected from the coating agent nozzle 72, wherein the coating agent drops 70 are pneumatically accelerated, whereby the maximum possible Lackierabstand is increased because the individual coating agent drops 70 due to the pneumatic acceleration correspondingly greater genetic energy to have.
  • the conveying path 78 is in this case spanned by a portal 79, wherein on the portal numerous print heads 80 are mounted, which are directed to the components 77 on the conveying path 78 and coat them with a coating agent.
  • FIG. 31 shows a modification of FIG. 19

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
  • Spray Control Apparatus (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Details Or Accessories Of Spraying Plant Or Apparatus (AREA)
  • Ink Jet (AREA)
  • Manipulator (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Spraying Apparatus (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Beschichtungseinrichtung zur Beschichtung, insbesondere Lackierung von Kraftfahrzeugkarosseriebauteilen. Weiterhin betrifft die Erfindung ein entsprechendes Beschichtungsverfahren.The invention relates to a coating device for coating, in particular painting of motor vehicle body components. Furthermore, the invention relates to a corresponding coating method.

Figur 1 zeigt eine Querschnittsansicht durch eine herkömmliche Lackieranlage zur Lackierung von Kraftfahrzeugkarosseriebauteilen. Hierbei werden die zu lackierenden Kraftfahrzeugkarosseriebauteile auf einem Förderer 1 rechtwinklig zur Zeichenebene durch eine Lackierkabine 2 transportiert, in der die Kraftfahrzeugkarosseriebauteile dann von Lackierrobotern 3, 4 in herkömmlicher Weise lackiert werden. Die Lackierroboter 3, 4 weisen mehrere schwenkbare Roboterarme auf und führen über eine mehrachsige Roboterhandachse jeweils ein Applikationsgerät, wie beispielsweise einen Rotationszerstäuber, einen Luftzerstäuber oder ein sogenanntes Airless-Gerät. FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view through a conventional paint shop for painting automotive body components. Here, the vehicle body components to be painted are transported on a conveyor 1 at right angles to the plane through a painting booth 2, in which the vehicle body components are then painted by painting robots 3, 4 in a conventional manner. The painting robots 3, 4 have a plurality of pivotable robot arms and each lead via a multi-axis robot hand axis an application device, such as a rotary atomizer, an air atomizer or a so-called airless device.

Nachteilig an diesen bekannten Applikationsgeräten ist jedoch der nicht optimale Auftragswirkungsgrad, so dass ein als Overspray bezeichneter Teil des versprühten Lacks nicht auf dem zu lackierenden Kraftfahrzeugkarosseriebauteil landet und mit der Kabinenluft aus der Lackierkabine 2 entfernt werden muss. Über der Lackierkabine 2 befindet sich deshalb ein sogenanntes Plenum 5, aus dem Luft durch eine Decke 6 der Lackierkabine 2 nach unten in Pfeilrichtung in die Lackierkabine 2 eingeleitet wird. Die Kabinenluft gelangt dann mit dem darin enthaltenen Overspray nach unten aus der Lackierkabine 2 in eine unterhalb der Lackierkabine 2 befindliche Auswaschung 7, in der der Overspray wieder aus der Kabinenluft entfernt und an Wasser gebunden wird.A disadvantage of these known application devices, however, is the non-optimal application efficiency, so that a designated as overspray part of the sprayed paint does not land on the vehicle body part to be painted and must be removed with the cabin air from the spray booth 2. Therefore, a so-called plenum 5, is introduced from the air through a ceiling 6 of the spray booth 2 down in the direction of arrow in the paint booth 2 above the spray booth 2. The cabin air then passes with the contained overspray down from the spray booth 2 in a below the painting booth 2 leaching 7, in which the overspray is removed again from the cabin air and bound to water.

Dieses Abwasser mit dem darin enthaltenen Overspray muss dann anschließend wieder in einem aufwendigen Prozess aufbereitet werden, wobei der anfallende Lackschlamm ein Sondermüll ist und entsprechend aufwendig entsorgt werden muss.This wastewater with the overspray contained therein must then be re-processed in a complex process, the resulting paint sludge is a hazardous waste and must be disposed of consuming.

Darüber hinaus muss die Luftsinkgeschwindigkeit in der Lackierkabine 2 mindestens im Bereich von ca. 0,3-0,5m/s, um den beim Lackieren entstehenden Overspray zügig aus der Lackierkabine 2 zu entfernen.In addition, the Luftsinkgeschwindigkeit in the spray booth 2 at least in the range of about 0.3-0.5 m / s, in order to quickly remove the resulting during painting overspray from the spray booth 2.

Ferner kann der beim Lackieren entstehende Overspray zeitweise und örtlich begrenzt eine explosionsfähige Atmosphäre erzeugen, so dass die einschlägigen gesetzlichen ATEX-Produktrichtlinien (ATEX: Atmosphäre explosible) beachtet werden müssen.Further, the resulting when painting overspray can temporarily and locally create a potentially explosive atmosphere, so that the relevant legal ATEX product policies (ATEX: A tmosphäre ex plosible) must be observed.

Zum einen verursachen die bekannten Applikationsgeräte also aufgrund ihres unbefriedigenden Auftragswirkungsgrades und des dadurch entstehenden Oversprays hohe Investitionskosten für die erforderliche Auswaschung und den nötigen Explosionsschutz.On the one hand cause the known application devices so because of their unsatisfactory order efficiency and the resulting overspray high investment costs for the required leaching and the necessary explosion protection.

Zum anderen sind die bekannten Applikationsgeräte aufgrund des im Betrieb entstehenden Oversprays auch mit hohen Betriebskosten durch die Lackverluste und die Entsorgungskosten zur Entsorgung des Oversprays verbunden.On the other hand, the known application devices are also associated with high operating costs due to the paint losses and the disposal costs for disposal of the overspray due to the resulting in operation overspray.

Der Erfindung liegt deshalb die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine entsprechende Verbesserung zu schaffen.The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a corresponding improvement.

Aus JP 2008-246713 A ist ein Tintenstrahldrucker mit einem Druckkopf bekannt, der bei einem Ausführungsbeispiel zwei parallele Reihen mit jeweils mehreren Düsen enthält. Bei einem anderen Ausführungsbeispiel enthält der Druckkopf vier parallele Düsenreihen, deren Düsen jeweils eine von vier verschiedenen Grundfarben injizieren. Diese und andere bekannte Tintenstrahldrucker eignen sich nicht zur Applikation von Lack auf Karosseriebauteile.Out JP 2008-246713 A For example, an ink jet printer with a printhead is known which, in one embodiment, includes two parallel rows each having a plurality of nozzles. In another embodiment, the printhead includes four parallel nozzle rows whose nozzles each inject one of four different primary colors. These and other known ink jet printers are not suitable for applying paint to body components.

Die oben genannte Aufgabe wird durch eine erfindungsgemäße Beschichtungseinrichtung und ein entsprechendes Beschichtungsverfahren gemäß den unabhängigen Ansprüchen gelöst.The above object is achieved by a coating device according to the invention and a corresponding coating method according to the independent claims.

Die Erfindung umfasst die allgemeine technische Lehre, ein Applikationsgerät mit einem so großen Auftragswirkungsgrad einzusetzen, dass auf eine Auswaschung verzichtet werden kann, in der herkömmlicherweise das Overspray aus der Kabinenluft ausgewaschen wird. Ein Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Beschichtungseinrichtung besteht also in dem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel darin, dass auf eine separate Auswaschung verzichtet werden kann. Die Erfindung ist jedoch nicht auf Lackieranlagen beschränkt, die überhaupt keine Auswaschung aufweisen. Vielmehr besteht durch die Verwendung von Applikationsgeräten mit einem höheren Auftragswirkungsgrad die Möglichkeit einer kleineren Dimensionierung der Auswaschung, falls ein vollständiger Verzicht nicht möglich ist.The invention comprises the general technical teaching of using an application device with such a high degree of application efficiency that leaching can be dispensed with, in which convention the overspray is washed out of the cabin air. An advantage of the coating device according to the invention is therefore in the preferred embodiment is that can be dispensed with a separate leaching. However, the invention is not limited to paint shops that have no leaching at all. Rather, by the use of application equipment with a higher order efficiency, the possibility of a smaller dimensioning of the leaching, if a complete waiver is not possible.

Bei dem Applikationsgerät kann es sich um einen Bubble-Jet-Druckkopf oder einen Piezo-Druckkopf handeln. Die Erfindung ist jedoch hinsichtlich des technischen Prinzips des verwendeten Druckkopfs nicht auf Bubble-Jet-Druckköpfe und Piezo-Druckköpfe beschränkt, sondern grundsätzlich auch mit anderen Ausstoßmechanismen realisierbar.The application device may be a bubble jet printhead or a piezo printhead. However, the invention is not limited to Bubble Jet printheads and piezo printheads in terms of the technical principle of the printhead used, but in principle also with other ejection mechanisms feasible.

Weiterhin besteht im Rahmen der Erfindung die Möglichkeit, dass der Druckkopf das Beschichtungsmittel pneumatisch ausstößt. Beispielsweise können die einzelnen Beschichtungsmitteltropfen durch kurze Luftpulse ausgestoßen werden, welche die Beschichtungsmitteltropfen in Richtung des zu beschichtenden Bauteils beschleunigen, wodurch der Lackierabstand vergrößert werden kann.Furthermore, it is within the scope of the invention, the possibility that the print head ejects the coating agent pneumatically. For example, the individual coating agent drops can be ejected by short air pulses, which accelerate the coating agent drops in the direction of the component to be coated, whereby the painting distance can be increased.

Weiterhin ist zu erwähnen, dass der Druckkopf das Beschichtungsmittel wahlweise in einzelnen Beschichtungsmitteltröpfchen ausstoßen kann oder kontinuierlich. Darüber hinaus besteht im Rahmen der Erfindung die Möglichkeit, dass ein Teil der Beschichtungsmitteldüsen des Druckkopfs das Beschichtungsmittel kontinuierlich ausstößt, wohingegen ein anderer Teil der Beschichtungsmitteldüsen des Druckkopfs das Beschichtungsmittel in einzelnen Beschichtungsmitteltröpfchen ausstößt.It should also be mentioned that the print head can eject the coating agent optionally in individual coating agent droplets or continuously. In addition, within the scope of the invention, it is possible that a part of the coating agent nozzles of the print head continuously ejects the coating agent, whereas another part of the coating agent nozzles of the print head ejects the coating agent in individual coating agent droplets.

Gemäß der Erfindung wird der Druckkopf von einem mehrachsigen Roboter positioniert, wobei der Roboter vorzugsweise mehrere schwenkbare Roboterarme und eine mehrachsige Roboterhandachse aufweist, an welcher der Druckkopf montiert ist.According to the invention, the print head is positioned by a multi-axis robot, wherein the robot preferably comprises a plurality of pivotable robot arms and a multi-axis robot hand axis to which the print head is mounted.

Im Gegensatz zu den herkömmlichen Druckköpfen, die beispielsweise in Tintenstrahldruckern verwendet werden, weist der Druckkopf bei der erfindungsgemäßen Beschichtungseinrichtung eine wesentlich größere Flächenbeschichtungsleistung auf, die größer ist als 1m2/min. und vorzugsweise größer als 2m2/min., 3 m2/min. oder 4m2/min..In contrast to the conventional printheads, which are used, for example, in inkjet printers, the printhead in the case of the coating device according to the invention has a significantly larger surface coating output, which is greater than 1 m 2 / min. and preferably greater than 2m 2 / min., 3 m 2 / min. or 4m 2 / min ..

Im Gegensatz zu herkömmlichen Tintenstrahldruckern muss der Druckkopf bei der erfindungsgemäßen Beschichtungseinrichtung auch flüssige Lacke applizieren können, die feste Lackbestandteile enthalten, wie beispielsweise Pigmente und sogenannten Metallic-Flakes (Mika's). Die einzelnen Beschichtungsmitteldüsen des Druckkopfs sind deshalb vorzugsweise hinsichtlich ihrer Größe an die festen Lackbestandteile angepasst, so dass der Druckkopf auch Lacke mit den festen Lackbestandteilen applizieren kann.In contrast to conventional inkjet printers, the printhead in the coating device according to the invention must also be able to apply liquid lacquers which contain solid lacquer constituents, such as, for example, pigments and so-called Metallic flakes (Mika's). The individual coating agent nozzles of the print head are therefore preferably adapted in terms of their size to the solid paint components, so that the print head can also apply paints with the solid paint components.

Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Beschichtungseinrichtung ist das Applikationsgerät vorzugsweise in einer Lackierkabine angeordnet, in der die Bauteile mit dem Beschichtungsmittel beschichtet werden. Derartige Lackierkabinen sind aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt und müssen deshalb nicht näher beschrieben werden.In the coating device according to the invention, the application device is preferably arranged in a painting booth, in which the components are coated with the coating agent. Such paint booths are known from the prior art and therefore need not be described in detail.

Es wurde jedoch bereits vorstehend erwähnt, dass die im Rahmen der Erfindung als Applikationsgeräte eingesetzten Druckköpfe einen wesentlich größeren Auftragswirkungsgrad aufweisen als herkömmliche Applikationsgeräte, wie beispielsweise Rotationszerstäuber. Die unterhalb der Lackierkabine befindliche Auswaschung kann deshalb wesentlich kleiner dimensioniert werden als bei herkömmlichen Lackieranlagen mit Rotationszerstäubern als Applikationsgeräten. In einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ermöglicht der hohe Auftragswirkungsgrad der als Applikationsgeräte eingesetzten Druckköpfe sogar einen vollständigen Verzicht auf eine Auswaschung oder auf andere aufwendige Filtermaßnahmen, wie z.B. Trockenabscheidung o.ä. unterhalb der Lackierkabine. Ausreichend sind in diesem Fall einfache Filter, die zyklisch (z.B. wöchentlich, monatlich, halbjährlich oder jährlich) ausgetauscht oder gereinigt werden.However, it has already been mentioned above that the printheads used in the context of the invention as application devices have a much greater application efficiency than conventional application devices, such as rotary atomizers. The leaching located below the paint booth can therefore be dimensioned substantially smaller than in conventional paint shops with rotary atomizers as application equipment. In one embodiment of the invention, the high degree of application efficiency of the printheads used as application devices even allows a complete elimination of leaching or other costly filtering measures, such as e.g. Dry separation or similar below the paint booth. Sufficient in this case are simple filters that are cyclically (e.g., weekly, monthly, semi-annual, or yearly) replaced or cleaned.

Weiterhin ermöglicht der hohe Auftragswirkungsgrad der im Rahmen der Erfindung als Applikationsgeräte eingesetzten Druckköpfe einen Verzicht auf Explosionsschutzmaßnahmen gemäß den einschlägigen gesetzlichen ATEX-Richtlinien, da weniger Overspray erzeugt wird und deshalb im Betrieb auch keine explosionsgefährdete Atmosphäre entsteht. In einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist deshalb in der Lackierkabine kein Explosionsschutz vorgesehen.Furthermore, the high order efficiency of the printheads used in the invention as application devices allows a waiver of explosion protection measures in accordance with the relevant statutory ATEX directives, as less Overspray is generated and therefore no hazardous atmosphere is created during operation. In one embodiment of the invention, therefore, no explosion protection is provided in the paint booth.

Auch bei der erfindungsgemäßen Beschichtungseinrichtung ist jedoch vorzugsweise eine Luftabsaugung vorgesehen, welche die Kabinenluft aus der Lackierkabine absaugt, wobei die Absaugung vorzugsweise nach unten erfolgt. Die Kabinenluft wird hierbei vorzugsweise durch einen Luftfilter abgesaugt, der den Overspray aus der Kabinenluft filtert, wobei der Luftfilter beispielsweise als Filterdecke ausgebildet sein kann, die am Boden der Lackierkabine angeordnet ist, so dass die Kabinenluft durch die Filterdecke hindurch aus der Lackierkabine nach unten abgesaugt wird.However, in the case of the coating device according to the invention, it is also preferable to provide an air extraction system which sucks the cabin air out of the painting booth, with the suction preferably taking place downwards. The cabin air is in this case preferably sucked off by an air filter which filters the overspray from the cabin air, wherein the air filter may be formed, for example, as a filter cover, which is arranged at the bottom of the paint booth, so that the cabin air sucked through the filter cover from the paint booth down becomes.

Aufgrund des größeren Auftragswirkungsgrades der im Rahmen der Erfindung als Applikationsgeräte eingesetzten Druckköpfe und des geringeren Oversprays kann die Luftsinkgeschwindigkeit in der Lackierkabine geringer sein als bei herkömmlichen Lackieranlagen, die beispielsweise Rotationszerstäuber als Applikationsgeräte verwenden. Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Lackieranlage kann die Luftsinkgeschwindigkeit in der Lackierkabine deshalb kleiner sein als 0,5m/s, 0,4m/s, 0,3m/s, 0,2m/s oder 0,1m/s.Due to the greater order efficiency of the printheads used in the invention as application devices and the lower overspray, the air sinking speed in the paint booth can be lower than in conventional paint shops that use rotary atomizers as application devices, for example. In the paint shop according to the invention, the air sink rate in the paint booth can therefore be less than 0.5 m / s, 0.4 m / s, 0.3 m / s, 0.2 m / s or 0.1 m / s.

In einer Variante der Erfindung ist dem Druckkopf mindestens ein Farbwechsler zugeordnet, der ausgangsseitig mit dem Druckkopf verbunden ist und eingangsseitig mit verschiedenen Beschichtungsmitteln versorgt wird, so dass der Farbwechsler eines der Beschichtungsmittel auswählt und den Druckkopf mit dem ausgewählten Beschichtungsmittel speist.In one variant of the invention, at least one color changer is associated with the print head, which is connected on the output side to the print head and supplied with various coating agents on the input side, so that the color changer selects one of the coating agents and feeds the print head with the selected coating agent.

Darüber hinaus kann der Farbwechsler eingangsseitig mit verschiedenen Effektlacken versorgt werden, wie beispielsweise Sonderlacken, Metallic-Lacken oder Mica-Lacken.In addition, the color changer on the input side can be supplied with various effect coatings, such as special paints, metallic paints or mica paints.

In einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung speist der Farbwechsler ausgangsseitig jeweils eine Gruppe von mehreren Beschichtungsmitteldüsen mit demselben Beschichtungsmittel, wobei die Beschichtungsmitteldüsen beispielsweise in einer Reihe angeordnet sein können, beispielsweise in einer Zeile oder einer Spalte.In one embodiment of the invention, the color changer outputs on the output side each a group of several coating agent nozzles with the same coating agent, wherein the coating agent nozzles can be arranged, for example, in a row, for example in a row or a column.

Weiterhin besteht die Möglichkeit, dass dem Farbwechsler eingangsseitig ein Farbmischer vorgeordnet ist, der eingangsseitig mit verschiedenfarbigen Beschichtungsmitteln in den Grundfarben eines Farbsystems (z.B. CMYK-Farbsystem) versorgt wird. Der Farbmischer kann dann aus den verschiedenen Grundfarben des jeweiligen Farbsystems einen gewünschten Farbton zusammenmischen und dem Farbwechsler zur Auswahl zuführen. Darüber hinaus wird der Farbwechsler in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel vorzugsweise mit mindestens einem Effektlack versorgt, beispielsweise einem Mica-Lack, einem Metallic-Lack und/oder einem Sonderlack. Der Farbwechsler kann dann entweder den von dem Farbmischer zusammengemischten Farbton auswählen oder auf einen der Effektlacke zugreifen.It is also possible for the color changer on the input side to be preceded by a color mixer, which is supplied on the input side with differently colored coating agents in the primary colors of a color system (for example CMYK color system). The color mixer can then mix together a desired color tone from the different primary colors of the respective color system and provide it to the color changer for selection. In addition, the color changer in this embodiment is preferably supplied with at least one effect varnish, for example a mica varnish, a metallic varnish and / or a special varnish. The color changer can then either select the color shade mixed together by the color mixer or access one of the effect colors.

Es wurde bereits vorstehend erwähnt, dass die Beschichtungsmitteldüsen in dem Druckkopf in Reihen angeordnet sein können, beispielsweise in Zeilen und Spalten. Vorzugsweise sind die Beschichtungsmitteldüsen also in dem Druckkopf matrixförmig angeordnet.It has already been mentioned above that the coating agent nozzles in the print head can be arranged in rows, for example in rows and columns. Preferably, the coating agent nozzles are thus arranged in the form of a matrix in the printing head.

Hierbei besteht im Rahmen der Erfindung die Möglichkeit, dass den einzelnen Beschichtungsmittelreihen jeweils eine Grundfarbe (z.B. Cyan, Magenta, Gelb, Schwarz) zugeordnet ist, so dass die Beschichtungsmitteldüsen einer Reihe die-selbe Farbe applizieren.In the context of the invention, there is the possibility that the individual coating agent rows are each assigned a base color (eg cyan, magenta, yellow, black) that the coating agent nozzles of a row apply the same color.

Im Rahmen der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass sämtliche Beschichtungsmitteldüsen des Druckkopfs oder zumindest ein Großteil davon gemeinsam mit einer einzigen Beschichtungsmittelzuleitung verbunden sind und deshalb dasselbe Beschichtungsmittel applizieren.In the context of the invention, it is provided that all coating agent nozzles of the print head or at least a large part thereof are connected together to a single coating agent feed line and therefore apply the same coating agent.

Alternativ besteht im Rahmen der Erfindung die Möglichkeit, dass ein Teil der Beschichtungsmitteldüsen des Druckkopfs mit einer ersten Beschichtungsmittelzuleitung verbunden ist, während ein zweiter Teil der Beschichtungsmitteldüsen des Druckkopfs mit einer zweiten Beschichtungsmittelzuleitung verbunden ist, so dass der Druckkopf zwei verschiedene Beschichtungsmittel applizieren kann. Vorzugsweise sind die Beschichtungsmitteldüsen in den einzelnen Düsenreihen (Zeilen oder Spalten) hierbei abwechselnd mit der einen Beschichtungsmittelzuleitung oder mit der anderen Beschichtungsmittelzuleitung verbunden.Alternatively, within the scope of the invention, it is possible that a part of the coating agent nozzles of the print head is connected to a first coating agent feed line, while a second part of the coating agent nozzles of the print head is connected to a second coating agent feed line, so that the print head can apply two different coating agents. Preferably, the coating agent nozzles in the individual rows of nozzles (rows or columns) are in this case connected alternately with the one coating agent supply line or with the other coating agent supply line.

In einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung weist der Druckkopf mindestens eine separate Beschichtungsmitteldüse auf, die nur Effektlack mit darin enthaltenen Effektpartikeln appliziert. Darüber hinaus weist der Druckkopf dann vorzugsweise mindestens eine weitere Beschichtungsmitteldüse auf, die normalen Lack appliziert, der keine Effektpartikel enthält. Die verschiedenen Beschichtungsmitteldüsen können dann entsprechend angepasst werden.In one embodiment of the invention, the print head has at least one separate coating agent nozzle, which applies only effect paint with effect particles contained therein. In addition, the print head then preferably has at least one further coating agent nozzle which applies normal paint which contains no effect particles. The various coating agent nozzles can then be adjusted accordingly.

Es ist auch denkbar, dass bei den oben beschriebenen Farbmischverfahren die Effektpartikel (z.B. Metallic, Mica, etc.) mit einer separaten Beschichtungsmitteldüse auf das Objekt aufgebracht werden. Dadurch können Effekte ganz gezielt und mit örtlichen Unterschieden auf das Objekt aufgetragen werden. Auch können unter Umständen Effekte erzeugt werden, die heute gar nicht denkbar sind. Mit der neuen Inkjet-Technik ist es möglich die, Effektpartikel z.B. nur auf der Oberfläche der Schicht zu platzieren.It is also conceivable that in the above-described color mixing process the effect particles (eg metallic, mica, etc.) are applied to the object with a separate coating agent nozzle. This can be very targeted and effects with local differences are applied to the object. Also under certain circumstances effects can be generated that are unthinkable today. With the new inkjet technology, it is possible to place effect particles only on the surface of the layer, for example.

Weiterhin ist es ein großer Hauptvorteil der Erfindung, dass es mit der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung erstmals möglich ist, überhaupt eine komplette Karosserie mit ausreichend Flächenleistung zu beschichten, aber auch gezielt Details und Grafiken zu drucken.Furthermore, it is a major advantage of the invention that it is possible for the first time ever to coat a complete body with sufficient area performance with the solution according to the invention, but also to selectively print details and graphics.

Es wurde bereits vorstehend erwähnt, dass die Beschichtungsmitteldüsen in dem Druckkopf vorzugsweise matrixförmig in mehreren Zeilen und Spalten angeordnet sind. In einer Variante der Erfindung sind die einzelnen Beschichtungsmitteldüsen des Druckkopfs im Wesentlichen gleich groß. Dabei können die benachbarten Düsenreihen in Längsrichtung zueinander versetzt angeordnet sein, insbesondere um eine halbe Düsenbreite, was eine maximale Packungsdichte der Beschichtungsmitteldüsen in dem Düsenkopf ermöglicht. Darüber hinaus sind die einzelnen Düsenreihen vorzugsweise quer, insbesondere rechtwinklig zur Vorschubrichtung des Düsenkopfs ausgerichtet.It has already been mentioned above that the coating agent nozzles in the print head are preferably arranged in matrix form in a plurality of rows and columns. In a variant of the invention, the individual coating agent nozzles of the print head are essentially the same size. In this case, the adjacent rows of nozzles can be arranged offset from each other in the longitudinal direction, in particular by half a nozzle width, which allows a maximum packing density of the coating agent nozzles in the nozzle head. In addition, the individual rows of nozzles are preferably aligned transversely, in particular at right angles to the feed direction of the nozzle head.

In einem anderen Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung weist der Druckkopf unterschiedlich große Düsenöffnungen auf. So können in dem Druckkopf beispielsweise abwechselnd Düsenreihen mit großen Beschichtungsmitteldüsen und Düsenreihen mit kleinen Beschichtungsmitteldüsen angeordnet sein. Auch hierbei kann es sinnvoll sein, wenn die Düsenreihen mit den größeren Beschichtungsmitteldüsen relativ zueinander versetzt angeordnet sind, insbesondere um eine halbe Düsenbreite.In another embodiment of the invention, the print head has different sized nozzle openings. For example, rows of nozzles with large coating agent nozzles and rows of nozzles with small coating agent nozzles can be arranged alternately in the print head. Again, it may be useful if the rows of nozzles are arranged offset with the larger coating agent nozzles relative to each other, in particular by half a nozzle width.

In einer anderen Variante der Erfindung ist der Druckkopf drehbar gelagert und dreht sich während der Beschichtung. Auch hierbei kann der Druckkopf verschieden große Beschichtungsmitteldüsen aufweisen, wobei die kleineren Beschichtungsmitteldüsen vorzugsweise näher an der Drehachse des Druckkopfs angeordnet sind als die größeren Beschichtungsmitteldüsen.In another variant of the invention, the print head is rotatably mounted and rotates during the coating. In this case too, the print head can have different sized coating agent nozzles, wherein the smaller coating agent nozzles are preferably arranged closer to the axis of rotation of the print head than the larger coating agent nozzles.

In einer anderen Variante der Erfindung sind mehrere Druckköpfe vorgesehen, die gemeinsam von dem mehrachsigen Roboter geführt werden und relativ zueinander schwenkbar sind, was eine Anpassung an gekrümmte Bauteiloberflächen ermöglicht.In another variant of the invention, a plurality of print heads are provided, which are guided jointly by the multi-axis robot and are pivotable relative to one another, which allows adaptation to curved component surfaces.

Es wurde bereits vorstehend erwähnt, dass als Effektlack beispielsweise ein Sonderlack, ein Metallic-Lack oder ein Mica-Lack verwendet werden kann.It has already been mentioned above that, for example, a special lacquer, a metallic lacquer or a mica lacquer can be used as the effect lacquer.

Ferner kann es vorteilhaft sein, die mit dem Beschichtungsmittel in Kontakt kommenden Oberflächenbereiche des Druckkopfs (z.B. Leitungen) mindestens teilweise mit einer verschleißmindernden Beschichtung zu versehen, wie beispielsweise einer DLC-Beschichtung (DLC: Diamond-like Carbon), einer Diamantbeschichtung, einem Hartmetall oder einer Materialkombination aus einem harten und einem weichen Material. Weiterhin können die mit dem Beschichtungsmittel in Kontakt kommenden Oberflächenbereiche des Druckkopfs mit Titannitrid, Titanoxid oder chemischem Nickel beschichtet werden oder mit einer anderen Schicht, die im PVC-Verfahren (PVC: Physical Vapour Deposition), im CVD-Verfahren (CVD: Chemical Vapour Deposition) oder im Eloxal-Verfahren (Eloxal: Elektrolytische Oxidation von Aluminium) hergestellt oder mit einer "Easy-to-clean"-Beschichtung versehen wird.Furthermore, it may be advantageous to at least partially provide the surface areas of the print head (eg lines) which come into contact with the coating agent with a wear-reducing coating, such as, for example, a DLC coating (DLC: diamond-like carbon), a diamond coating, a hard metal or a material combination of a hard and a soft material. Furthermore, the surface areas of the print head which come into contact with the coating agent can be coated with titanium nitride, titanium oxide or chemical nickel or with another layer which is PVC (PVC: P hysical V apour D eposition) in the CVD process (CVD: C hemical V apour deposition) or in the anodizing process (Eloxal: E lektrolytische O xidation of A lumium) produced or provided with an "easy-to-clean" coating.

Ferner kann zur Verbesserung des Auftragswirkungsrads des Druckkopfs eine elektrostatische Beschichtungsmittelaufladung und/oder eine Druckluftunterstützung vorgesehen sein.Further, to improve the application efficiency of the printhead, electrostatic coating agent charging and / or compressed air assist may be provided.

Eine weitere Möglichkeit besteht in einer Positionserkennung, welche die räumliche Position des Druckkopfs und/oder der zu beschichtenden Bauteiloberfläche erfasst und die Positionierung des Druckkopfs entsprechend steuert bzw. regelt.Another possibility is a position detection which detects the spatial position of the print head and / or the component surface to be coated and controls or regulates the positioning of the print head accordingly.

Aktuell gibt es auch Bemühungen, Automobillacke direkt in den Lackierereien aus 6-10 Grundpasten zu mischen. Dazu werden die Pasten auf herkömmliche Weise in Mischstationen gemischt und die Farbtöne eingestellt. Aus diesen Pasten können alle, in der Automobilindustrie verwendeten Lacke (Uni, Metallic und Mica bzw. Effektlacke) hergestellt werden. Es ist denkbar, dass diese Pasten direkt im Zerstäuber oder einer vorgeschalteten Einrichtung gemischt werden. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass nur die benötigte Menge direkt vor oder bei der Applikation vollautomatisch bereitgestellt wird. Die Dosierung der Einzelkomponenten kann mit den bekannten Dosiertechniken (Druckregler, Dosierpumpen, Zahnradmesszellen, Durchflussmesszellen, Kolbendosierer,...) erfolgen. Der "Mischraum" kann eine Mischkammer, ein Schlauchstück oder ein Mischsystem (z.B. Keenix-Mischer) sein. Das Problem ist die sehr genaue Dosierung der Einzelkomponenten, um den genauen Farbton zu treffen. Deshalb kann ein Farbsensor zur Regelung der Dosiereinheit sinnvoll sein.Currently, there are also efforts to mix automotive coatings directly in the paint shops from 6-10 base pastes. For this purpose, the pastes are mixed in a conventional manner in mixing stations and adjusted the color tones. From these pastes all, used in the automotive industry paints (uni, metallic and mica or effect paints) can be produced. It is conceivable that these pastes are mixed directly in the atomizer or an upstream device. This has the advantage that only the required amount is provided fully automatically directly before or during the application. The dosage of the individual components can be done with the known dosing techniques (pressure regulator, dosing pumps, gear measuring cells, flow cells, piston dispensers, ...). The "mixing space" may be a mixing chamber, a piece of tubing or a mixing system (e.g., Keenix mixer). The problem is the very precise dosage of the individual components to make the exact color. Therefore, a color sensor for controlling the metering unit may be useful.

Als Dosiertechnik kann jedoch auch die Inkjet-Technik dienen. Dabei kann die benötigte Menge aus Einzeltröpfchen, die Abhängig von der Öffnungszeit der Düse und des Druckes sind, erzeugt werden. Diese Inkjet-Düsen mischen den Farbton wiederum in einem Mischraum.However, the dosing technique can also be inkjet technology. In this case, the required amount of individual droplets that are dependent on the opening time of the nozzle and the pressure can be generated. These inkjet nozzles in turn mix the color in a mixing room.

Weiterhin besteht im Rahmen der Erfindung die Möglichkeit, dass ein Sensor vorgesehen ist, der den Verlauf einer Führungsbahn erfasst, um den Druckkopf in Bezug auf die Führungsbahn zu positionieren.Furthermore, there is the possibility within the scope of the invention that a sensor is provided which detects the course of a guide track in order to position the print head in relation to the guide track.

In einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel ist der Sensor an dem Druckkopf oder an dem Roboter angebracht, jedoch sind grundsätzlich auch andere Bauweisen möglich. Beispielsweise kann der Sensor die vorangegangene Lackierbahn erfassen, so dass die aktuelle Lackierbahn in einer bestimmten Relativposition relativ zu der vorangegangenen Lackierbahn appliziert werden kann. So ist es in der Regel wünschenswert, dass die aktuelle Lackierbahn in einem bestimmten Abstand parallel zu der vorangegangenen Lackierbahn appliziert wird, was durch die vorstehend beschriebene Sensorerfassung möglich ist.In a preferred embodiment, the sensor is mounted on the printhead or on the robot, but in principle other constructions are possible. For example, the sensor can detect the preceding painting track, so that the current painting track can be applied in a specific relative position relative to the preceding painting track. Thus, it is generally desirable that the current coating path is applied at a certain distance parallel to the preceding coating path, which is possible by the sensor detection described above.

In dem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel handelt es sich bei dem Sensor um einen optischen Sensor, jedoch sind grundsätzlich auch andere Bauarten von Sensoren möglich.In the preferred embodiment, the sensor is an optical sensor, but in principle, other types of sensors are possible.

Die vorstehend erwähnte Führungsbahn kann auch eine separate Bahn sein, die nur zu Führungszwecken aufgetragen wird und beispielsweise eine normalerweise unsichtbare Farbe umfassen kann, die nur bei Beleuchtung mit ultraviolettem (UV) oder infrarotem (IR) Licht für den Sensor sichtbar ist.The aforesaid guideway may also be a separate web which is applied only for guidance purposes and may comprise, for example, a normally invisible color which is visible to the sensor only when illuminated with ultraviolet (UV) or infrared (IR) light.

In diesem Zusammenhang besteht auch die Möglichkeit des Einsatzes eines Lasermesssystems, wie es an sich aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt ist. Ein derartiges Lasermesssystem kann auch den Abstand zu der Oberfläche des zu beschichtenden Bauteils erfassen und im Rahmen einer Regelung konstant halten.In this context, there is also the possibility of using a laser measuring system, as is known per se from the prior art. Such a laser measuring system can also detect the distance to the surface of the component to be coated and keep it constant within the scope of a regulation.

In dieser Erfindungsvariante ist eine Robotersteuerung vorgesehen, die eingangsseitig mit dem Sensor und ausgangsseitig mit dem Roboter verbunden ist, wobei die Robotersteuerung den Druckkopf in Abhängigkeit von dem Verlauf der Führungsbahn positioniert.In this variant of the invention, a robot control is provided, the input side with the sensor and the output side is connected to the robot, wherein the robot controller positions the print head in dependence on the course of the guideway.

In einer Variante der Erfindung weist der Druckkopf eine Hüllstromdüse auf, welche einen Hüllstrom aus Luft oder einem anderen Gas abgibt, wobei der Hüllstrom den aus der Beschichtungsmitteldüse abgegebenen Beschichtungsmittelstrom umhüllt, um die Beschichtungsmitteltropfen zu zerstäuben bzw. abzugrenzen. Darüber hinaus kann dieser Hüllstrom in Form eines Luftvorhangs den entstehenden Overspray auf die Bauteiloberfläche lenken, wodurch der Auftragswirkungsgrad verbessert wird.In one variant of the invention, the printhead has an enveloped stream nozzle which emits an enveloping stream of air or another gas, the enveloping stream enveloping the coating medium stream emitted from the coating compound nozzle in order to atomize or delineate the coating agent droplets. In addition, this envelope flow in the form of an air curtain can direct the resulting overspray on the component surface, whereby the order efficiency is improved.

In einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung weist der Druckkopf mehrere Beschichtungsmitteldüsen auf, die bezüglich der Bahnrichtung nebeneinander angeordnet sind, wobei die äußeren Beschichtungsmitteldüsen weniger Beschichtungsmittel abgeben als die inneren Beschichtungsmitteldüsen, was zu einer entsprechenden Schichtdicke der Teilung quer zur Bahnrichtung führt. Es müssen nicht unbedingt Düsen in einer Reihe angeordnet sein. Es kann für jede Düse und jedes Pixel die Farbmenge gesteuert werden. Durch unterschiedliche Farbmengen wird z. B. auch die Farbton-Intensität gesteuert. Hierbei besteht die Möglichkeit, dass die Schichtdickenverteilung eine Gauß'sche Normalverteilung ist. Alternativ besteht die Möglichkeit, dass die von den einzelnen Beschichtungsmitteldüsen abgegebene Beschichtungsmittelmenge so gewählt ist, dass die Schichtdickenverteilung eine trapezförmige Verteilung ist. Eine derartige trapezförmige Schichtdickenverteilung ist vorteilhaft, weil die benachbarten Beschichtungsmittelbahnen einander so überlappen können, dass die Überlagerung der trapezförmigen Schichtdickenverteilungen der benachbarten Beschichtungsmittelbahnen zu einer konstanten Schichtdicke führt.In one embodiment of the invention, the printhead has a plurality of coating agent nozzles juxtaposed with respect to the web direction, with the outer coating agent nozzles delivering less coating agent than the inner coating nozzles, resulting in a corresponding layer thickness of the pitch transverse to the web direction. It is not necessarily arranged nozzles in a row. It can be controlled for each nozzle and each pixel, the amount of color. By different amounts of color z. B. also controlled the hue intensity. In this case, there is the possibility that the layer thickness distribution is a Gaussian normal distribution. Alternatively, there is the possibility that the amount of coating agent dispensed from the individual coating agent nozzles is selected such that the layer thickness distribution is a trapezoidal distribution. Such a trapezoidal layer thickness distribution is advantageous because the adjacent coating middle webs can overlap each other so that the superposition of the trapezoidal layer thickness distributions of the adjacent coating center webs leads to a constant layer thickness.

In einem anderen Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung werden die zu beschichtenden Bauteile entlang einem Förderweg gefördert, was an sich aus dem Stand der Technik von Lackieranlagen bekannt ist und deshalb nicht näher beschrieben werden muss. In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel überspannt ein Portal den Förderweg, wobei an dem Portal zahlreiche Druckköpfe angebracht sind, die auf die Bauteile auf dem Förderweg gerichtet sind und diese Bauteile beschichten.In another embodiment of the invention, the components to be coated are conveyed along a conveying path, which is known per se from the prior art of paint shops and therefore need not be described in detail. In this embodiment, a portal spans the conveying path, wherein on the portal numerous print heads are mounted, which are directed to the components on the conveying path and coat these components.

Schließlich umfasst die Erfindung auch ein entsprechendes Beschichtungsverfahren, wie bereits aus der vorstehenden Beschreibung ersichtlich ist.Finally, the invention also includes a corresponding coating method, as already apparent from the above description.

Die erfindungsgemäße Technologie kann auch zur gezielten Beschichtung von Schnittkanten vorbeschichteter Bleche, gestanzter Platinen oder zur effizienten Versiegelung von Nähten und Kanten eingesetzt werdenThe technology according to the invention can also be used for the targeted coating of cut edges of pre-coated sheets, stamped sheets or for the efficient sealing of seams and edges

Andere vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet oder werden nachstehend zusammen mit der Beschreibung der bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung anhand der Figuren näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
eine Querschnittsansicht durch eine herkömmliche Lackieranlage zur Lackierung von Kraftfahrzeugkarosseriebauteilen,
Figur 2
eine Querschnittsansicht durch eine erfindungsgemäße Lackieranlage zur Lackierung von Kraftfahrzeugkarosseriebauteilen mit Druckköpfen als Applikationsgeräte,
Figur 3A
eine Düse des Druckkopfs mit einem Farbwechsler und der zugehörigen Beschichtungsmittelversorgung,
Figur 3B
eine Düsenreihe des Druckkopfs mit mehreren Beschichtungsmitteldüsen und jeweils individuell zugeordneten Farbwechslern,
Figur 4A
eine Düsenreihe mit mehreren Beschichtungsmitteldüsen und einem zugeordneten Farbwechsler
Figur 4B
eine Abwandlung von Figur 4A, wobei der Farbwechsler eingangsseitig nur eine einzige Sonderfarbversorgung aufweist,
Figur 5
eine Abwandlung von Figur 4A, wobei der Farbwechsler eingangsseitig mit einem Farbmischer verbunden ist, der mit den Grundfarben eines Farbsystems versorgt wird,
Figur 6
eine Düsenreihe des Druckkopfs mit mehreren Beschichtungsmitteldüsen, wobei vier der Beschichtungsmitteldüsen jeweils mit einer Grundfarbe eines CMYK-Farbsystems gespeist werden, während die fünfte Beschichtungsmitteldüse von einem Farbwechsler mit einem Effektlack gespeist wird,
Figur 7
mehrere Düsenreihen des Druckkopfs, denen jeweils eine Grundfarbe eines CMYK-Farbsystems zugeordnet ist,
Figur 8
mehrere Düsenreihen des Druckkopfs, denen jeweils ein Farbwechsler und jeweils eine Grundfarbe eines CMYK-Farbsystems zugeordnet ist,
Figur 9
mehrere Düsenreihen des Druckkopfs, denen jeweils eine Grundfarbe eines CMYK-Farbsystems und ein Farbwechsler zugeordnet ist, wobei die Düsenreihen alternativ über einen weiteren Farbwechsler mit einem Effektlack versorgt werden können,
Figur 10
eine Düsenreihe des Druckkopfs, wobei vier benachbarte Beschichtungsmitteldüsen über einen Farbmischer mit einem gemischten Farbton versorgt werden, während die fünfte Beschichtungsmitteldüse über einen Farbwechsler einem Effektlack versorgt wird,
Figur 11
mehrere Düsenreihen des Druckkopfs, die gemeinsam über einen Farbmischer mit einem Mischfarbton versorgt werden,
Figur 12
mehrere Düsenreihen des Druckkopfs mit jeweils einem Farbwechsler, wobei die Farbwechsler der einzelnen Düsenreihen über einen Farbmischer mit einem Farbmischton versorgt werden,
Figur 13
mehrere Düsenreihen des Druckkopfs, die gemeinsam über einen Farbwechsler und einen Farbmischer mit dem zu applizierenden Beschichtungsmittel versorgt werden,
Figur 14
mehrere Düsenreihen des Druckkopfs, die gemeinsam über eine einzige Beschichtungsmittelzuleitung versorgt werden,
Figur 15
mehrere Düsenreihen des Druckkopfs, wobei die einzelnen Düsen innerhalb der Düsenreihen abwechselnd mit einer ersten Beschichtungsmittelzuleitung und einer zweiten Beschichtungsmittelzuleitung verbunden sind,
Figur 16
eine Düsenanordnung in einem Druckkopf,
Figur 17
eine alternative Düsenanordnung in dem Druckkopf mit kleineren Beschichtungsmitteldüsen,
Figur 18
eine alternative Anordnung der Beschichtungsmitteldüsen in dem Druckkopf, wobei die Beschichtungsmitteldüsen unterschiedliche Düsengrößen aufweisen,
Figur 19
eine Abwandlung von Figur 18, wobei die Düsenreihen mit den größeren Beschichtungsmitteldüsen versetzt zueinander angeordnet sind,
Figur 20
ein Schema zur Verdeutlichung der Lackierung einer scharfen Kante mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Druckkopf,
Figur 21
einen rotierenden Druckkopf,
Figur 22
eine Druckkopfanordnung mit mehreren verschwenkbaren Druckköpfen zur Anpassung an gekrümmte Bauteiloberflächen,
Figur 23
ein schichtförmig aufgebautes Pixel mit mehreren Schichten in den Grundfarben eines Farbsystems und einer obersten Schicht aus einem Metalliclack,
Figur 24
eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Beschichtungseinrichtung mit einem mehrachsigen Roboter, der einen Druckkopf und einen Sensor führt, um den Druckkopf zu positionieren,
Figur 25
eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Beschichtungseinrichtung, bei der mehrere Komponenten zu einem Gemisch zusammengemischt werden, wobei der Druckkopf dann das Gemisch appliziert,
Figur 26
eine schematische Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Druckkopfs, der mehrere Komponenten unabhängig voneinander appliziert, wobei die Mischung auf der Bauteiloberfläche erfolgt,
Figur 27
eine schematische Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Druckkopfs mit einer Hüllstromdüse,
Figur 28
eine schematische Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Druckkopfs, bei dem die Beschichtungsmitteltropfen pneumatisch ausgestoßen und beschleunigt werden,
Figur 29
eine schematische Darstellung eins Druckkopfs, der eine trapezförmige Schichtdickenverteilung erzeugt,
Figur 30
eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Beschichtungseinrichtung, bei der zahlreiche Druckköpfe an einem Portal angebracht sind,
Figur 31 und 32
Abwandlungen der Figuren 18 und 19 mit einer maximalen Packungsdichte der einzelnen Düsen.
Other advantageous developments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims or are explained in more detail below together with the description of the preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to FIGS. Show it:
FIG. 1
a cross-sectional view through a conventional paint shop for painting automotive body components,
FIG. 2
a cross-sectional view through an inventive paint shop for painting automotive body components with printheads as application devices,
FIG. 3A
a nozzle of the print head with a color changer and the associated coating agent supply,
FIG. 3B
a nozzle row of the printhead having a plurality of coating agent nozzles and individually assigned color changers,
FIG. 4A
a row of nozzles with several coating agent nozzles and an associated color changer
FIG. 4B
a modification of FIG. 4A , wherein the color changer has on the input side only a single spot color supply,
FIG. 5
a modification of FIG. 4A in which the color changer is connected on the input side to a color mixer which is supplied with the primary colors of a color system,
FIG. 6
a nozzle row of the printhead having a plurality of coating agent nozzles, wherein four of the coating agent nozzles are each fed with a base color of a CMYK color system, while the fifth coating agent nozzle is fed by a color changer with an effect varnish,
FIG. 7
several nozzle rows of the print head, each of which is assigned a base color of a CMYK color system,
FIG. 8
a plurality of nozzle rows of the print head, each associated with a color changer and a respective base color of a CMYK color system,
FIG. 9
a plurality of rows of nozzles of the print head, each of which is assigned a base color of a CMYK color system and a color changer, wherein the nozzle rows can be alternatively supplied with an effect varnish via a further color changer,
FIG. 10
a nozzle row of the printhead, wherein four adjacent coating agent nozzles are supplied with a mixed color tone via a color mixer, while the fifth coating agent nozzle is supplied with an effect varnish via a color changer,
FIG. 11
several nozzle rows of the print head, which are supplied together via a color mixer with a mixed color,
FIG. 12
several rows of nozzles of the print head, each with a color changer, wherein the color changer of the individual rows of nozzles are supplied via a color mixer with a color mixing sound,
FIG. 13
several nozzle rows of the print head, which are supplied together via a color changer and a color mixer with the coating agent to be applied,
FIG. 14
several nozzle rows of the print head, which are supplied together via a single coating agent feed line,
FIG. 15
a plurality of rows of nozzles of the print head, wherein the individual nozzles are connected within the nozzle rows alternately with a first coating agent supply line and a second coating agent supply line,
FIG. 16
a nozzle arrangement in a printhead,
FIG. 17
an alternative nozzle arrangement in the printhead with smaller coating agent nozzles,
FIG. 18
an alternative arrangement of the coating agent nozzles in the print head, wherein the coating agent nozzles have different nozzle sizes,
FIG. 19
a modification of FIG. 18 , wherein the rows of nozzles are arranged offset with the larger coating agent nozzles,
FIG. 20
a scheme for clarifying the coating of a sharp edge with the printhead according to the invention,
FIG. 21
a rotating printhead,
FIG. 22
a printhead assembly having a plurality of pivotable printheads for conforming to curved component surfaces;
FIG. 23
a layered pixel with several layers in the primary colors of a color system and a top layer of a metallic paint,
FIG. 24
a schematic representation of a coating device according to the invention with a multi-axis robot, which leads a printhead and a sensor to position the print head,
FIG. 25
1 is a schematic representation of a coating device according to the invention in which a plurality of components are mixed together to form a mixture, wherein the print head then applies the mixture,
FIG. 26
1 is a schematic representation of a printhead according to the invention, which applies a plurality of components independently of one another, wherein the mixture takes place on the component surface,
FIG. 27
a schematic representation of a printhead according to the invention with a jacket nozzle,
FIG. 28
a schematic representation of a printhead according to the invention, in which the coating agent drops are ejected and accelerated pneumatically,
FIG. 29
a schematic representation of a printhead, which generates a trapezoidal layer thickness distribution,
FIG. 30
a schematic representation of a coating device according to the invention, in which numerous print heads are mounted on a portal,
FIGS. 31 and 32
Modifications of the Figures 18 and 19 with a maximum packing density of the individual nozzles.

Die Querschnittsansicht in Figur 2 zeigt eine erfindungsgemäße Lackieranlage, die teilweise mit der eingangs beschriebenen und in Figur 1 dargestellten herkömmlichen Lackieranlage übereinstimmt, so dass zur Vermeidung von Wiederholungen auf die vorstehende Beschreibung verwiesen wird, wobei für entsprechende Einzelheiten dieselben Bezugszeichen verwendet werden.The cross-sectional view in FIG. 2 shows a painting according to the invention, which partially with the initially described and in FIG. 1 In order to avoid repetition, reference is made to the above description, the same reference numerals being used for corresponding details.

Eine Besonderheit der erfindungsgemäßen Lackieranlage besteht zunächst darin, dass die Lackierroboter 3, 4 als Applikationsgerät keine Rotationszerstäuber führen, sondern Druckköpfe 8, 9, die einen wesentlich größeren Auftragswirkungsgrad von mehr als 95% aufweisen und deshalb wesentlich weniger Overspray erzeugen.A special feature of the painting plant according to the invention consists firstly in that the painting robots 3, 4 as application device do not carry rotary atomizers, but rather print heads 8, 9, which have a much greater degree of application efficiency of more than 95% and therefore generate substantially less overspray.

Zum einen bietet dies den Vorteil, dass auf die bei der herkömmlichen Lackieranlage gemäß Figur 1 vorhandene Auswaschung 7 verzichtet werden kann.On the one hand, this offers the advantage that in accordance with the conventional paint shop FIG. 1 existing leaching 7 can be dispensed with.

Stattdessen befindet sich bei der erfindungsgemäßen Lackieranlage unter der Lackierkabine 2 eine Luftabsaugung 10, welche die Kabinenluft durch eine Filterdecke 11 hindurch nach unten aus der Lackierkabine 2 absaugt. Die Filterdecke 11 filtert hierbei den in der Kabinenluft geringfügig vorhandenen Overspray heraus, ohne dass die Auswaschung 7 wie bei der herkömmlichen Lackieranlage erforderlich ist.Instead, located in the paint shop according to the invention under the spray booth 2, an air suction 10, which sucks the cabin air through a filter cover 11 down from the spray booth 2. The filter cover 11 filters out the excess air in the cabin air overspray out without the leaching 7 is required as in the conventional painting.

Die Druckköpfe 8, 9 arbeiten in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel wie herkömmliche Druckköpfe entsprechend dem Piezo-Prinzip, jedoch ist die Flächenbeschichtungsleistung der Druckköpfe 8, 9 im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Druckköpfen wesentlich größer, damit die Kraftfahrzeugkarosseriebauteile mit einer befriedigenden Arbeitsgeschwindigkeit lackiert werden können.The printheads 8, 9 operate in this embodiment as conventional printheads according to the piezo principle, however, the surface coating performance of the printheads 8, 9 compared to conventional printheads much larger, so that the vehicle body components can be painted with a satisfactory operating speed.

Figur 3A zeigt eine Beschichtungsmitteldüse 12, die jeweils in den Druckköpfen 8, 9 neben zahlreichen weiteren Beschichtungsmitteldüsen angeordnet ist, wobei die Beschichtungsmitteldüse 12 von einem Farbwechsler 13 mit dem zu applizierenden Beschichtungsmittel versorgt wird. Eingangsseitig ist der Farbwechsler 13 an insgesamt sieben Beschichtungsmittelzuleitungen angeschlossen, von denen der Farbwechsler 13 eine zur Beschichtungsmittelversorgung der Beschichtungsmitteldüse 12 auswählen kann. Vier Beschichtungsmittelzuleitungen des Farbwechslers 13 dienen zur Zuführung von verschiedenfarbigen Beschichtungsmitteln in den Grundfarben C (Cyan), M (Magenta), Y (Gelb = Yellow) und K (Key = Schwarz). Die anderen drei Beschichtungsmittelzuleitungen des Farbwechslers 13 dienen dagegen zur Zuführung eines Metallic-Lacks, eines Mica-Lacks und eines Sonderlacks. FIG. 3A shows a coating agent nozzle 12, which is arranged in each case in the print heads 8, 9 in addition to numerous other coating agent nozzles, wherein the coating agent nozzle 12 is supplied by a color changer 13 with the coating agent to be applied. On the input side, the color changer 13 is connected to a total of seven coating agent supply lines, of which the color changer 13 can select one for coating agent supply of the coating agent nozzle 12. Four coating agent supply lines of the color changer 13 are used to supply differently colored coating compositions in the primary colors C (cyan), M (magenta), Y (yellow = yellow) and K (key = black). The other three coating agent supply lines of the color changer 13 on the other hand serve to supply a metallic lacquer, a mica lacquer and a special lacquer.

Bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel wird der gewünschte Farbton des Beschichtungsmittels auf dem zu beschichtenden Kraftfahrzeugkarosseriebauteil gemischt, wobei wahlweise eine zeitliche oder eine örtliche Mischung möglich ist.In this embodiment, the desired hue of the coating agent is mixed on the vehicle body component to be coated, with either temporal or local mixing being possible.

Bei einer zeitlichen Mischung werden beispielsweise nacheinander Beschichtungsmitteltröpfchen in den Grundfarben C, M, Y und K in dem gewünschten Farbverhältnis appliziert, so dass sich die Beschichtungsmitteltröpfchen dann auf dem zu beschichtenden Kraftfahrzeugkarosseriebauteil mischen.In a temporal mixture, for example, successively coating agent droplets in the primary colors C, M, Y and K are applied in the desired color ratio, so that the coating agent droplets then mix on the motor vehicle body component to be coated.

Bei einer örtlichen Mischung werden dagegen aus der Beschichtungsmitteldüse 12 Beschichtungsmitteltröpfchen einer bestimmten Grundfarbe C, M, Y oder K appliziert, die sich dann auf den zu beschichtenden Kraftfahrzeugkarosseriebauteilen mit anderen Beschichtungsmitteltröpfchen mischen, die von einer anderen, hier nicht dargestellten Beschichtungsmitteldüse appliziert werden.In the case of a local mixture, on the other hand, coating agent droplets of a specific base color C, M, Y or K are applied from the coating agent nozzle 12, which then become on the vehicle body components to be coated with other coating agent droplets mix, which are applied by another, not shown here Beschichtungsmitteldüse.

Figur 3B zeigt eine Abwandlung des Ausführungsbeispiels gemäß Figur 3A, wobei eine Düsenreihe mit vier Beschichtungsmitteldüsen 14.1-14.4 und vier Farbwechslern 15.1-15.4 dargestellt ist. FIG. 3B shows a modification of the embodiment according to FIG. 3A , wherein a nozzle row with four coating agent nozzles 14.1-14.4 and four color changers 15.1-15.4 is shown.

Die Farbwechsler 15.1-15.4 sind gemeinsam an fünf Beschichtungsmittelzuleitungen angeschlossen, über die die Farbwechsler 15.1-15.4 mit den vier Grundfarben C, M, Y, K des CMYK-Farbsystems und zusätzlich mit einem Sonderlack S versorgt werden.The color changers 15.1-15.4 are connected in parallel to five coating agent supply lines, via which the color changers 15.1-15.4 are supplied with the four primary colors C, M, Y, K of the CMYK color system and additionally with a special paint S.

Figur 4A zeigt eine Gruppe von Beschichtungsmitteldüsen 16.1-16.5, die gemeinsam mit dem Ausgang eines Farbwechslers 17 verbunden sind und deshalb im Betrieb dasselbe Beschichtungsmittel applizieren. FIG. 4A shows a group of coating agent nozzles 16.1-16.5, which are connected together with the output of a color changer 17 and therefore apply the same coating agent in operation.

Der Farbwechsler 17 ist eingangsseitig mit sieben Beschichtungsmittelzuleitungen verbunden, wobei vier der Beschichtungsmittelzuleitungen die Grundfarben C, M, Y, K des CMYK-Farbsystems zuführen, während die anderen drei Beschichtungsmittelzuleitungen einen Metallic-Lack, einen Mica-Lack bzw. einen Sonderlack zuführen.The color changer 17 is connected on the input side to seven coating agent supply lines, four of the coating agent supply lines supplying the primary colors C, M, Y, K of the CMYK color system, while the other three coating agent supply lines supply a metallic lacquer, a mica lacquer or a special lacquer.

Das Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 4B stimmt weitgehend mit dem vorstehend beschriebenen und in Figur 4A dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel überein, so dass zur Vermeidung von Wiederholungen auf die vorstehende Beschreibung verwiesen wird, wobei für entsprechende Einzelheiten dieselben Bezugszeichen verwendet werden.The embodiment according to FIG. 4B is largely consistent with that described above and in FIG. 4A illustrated embodiment, so reference is made to avoid repetition of the above description, wherein the same reference numerals are used for corresponding details.

Eine Besonderheit dieses Ausführungsbeispiels besteht zunächst darin, dass der Farbwechsler 17 ausgangsseitig mit insgesamt sechs Beschichtungsmitteldüsen 16.1-16.6 verbunden ist, die somit dasselbe Beschichtungsmittel applizieren.A special feature of this exemplary embodiment consists firstly in that the color changer 17 is connected on the output side to a total of six coating agent nozzles 16.1-16.6, which thus apply the same coating agent.

Eine weitere Besonderheit dieses Ausführungsbeispiels besteht darin, dass der Farbwechsler 17 eingangsseitig nur mit fünf Beschichtungsmittelzuleitungen verbunden ist, wobei vier der Beschichtungsmittelzuleitungen die Grundfarben C, M, Y, K des CMYK-Farbsystems zuführen, wohingegen die fünfte Beschichtungsmittelzuleitung einen Sonderlack zuführt.Another special feature of this embodiment is that the color changer 17 is connected on the input side only with five coating agent supply lines, four of the coating agent leads the primary colors C, M, Y, K of the CMYK color system, whereas the fifth coating agent supply line supplies a special paint.

Das Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 5 stimmt teilweise mit dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 4A überein, so dass zur Vermeidung von Wiederholungen auf die vorstehende Beschreibung verwiesen wird, wobei für entsprechende Einzelheiten dieselben Bezugszeichen verwendet werden.The embodiment according to FIG. 5 partially in accordance with the embodiment FIG. 4A to avoid repetition, reference is made to the above description, wherein like reference numerals are used for corresponding details.

Eine Besonderheit dieses Ausführungsbeispiels besteht darin, dass der Farbwechsler 17 eingangsseitig mit einem Farbmischer 18 verbunden ist, wobei der Farbmischer 18 eingangsseitig an vier Beschichtungsmittelzuleitungen angeschlossen ist, welche die vier Grundfarben C, M, Y, K des CMYK-Farbsystems zuführen. Der Farbmischer 18 kann also aus den vier Grundfarben C, M, Y, K einen beliebigen Farbton mischen und dem Farbwechsler 17 zuführen.A special feature of this embodiment is that the color changer 17 is connected on the input side to a color mixer 18, wherein the color mixer 18 is connected on the input side to four coating agent supply lines, which supply the four primary colors C, M, Y, K of the CMYK color system. The color mixer 18 can therefore mix any color from the four primary colors C, M, Y, K and feed the color changer 17.

Weiterhin ist aus der Zeichnung ersichtlich, dass der Farbwechsler 17 wahlweise nur die Beschichtungsmitteldüse 16.1 mit dem zu applizierenden Beschichtungsmittel versorgen kann oder wahlweise auch die Beschichtungsmitteldüsen 16.2, 16.3 und ggf. auch weitere Beschichtungsmitteldüsen, die in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellt sind.Furthermore, it can be seen from the drawing that the color changer 17 can optionally supply only the coating agent nozzle 16.1 with the coating agent to be applied or optionally also the coating agent nozzles 16.2, 16.3 and possibly also further coating agent nozzles which are not shown in the drawing.

Das Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 6 stimmt wieder teilweise mit den vorstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispielen überein, so dass zur Vermeidung von Wiederholungen auf die vorstehende Beschreibung verwiesen wird, wobei für entsprechende Einzelheiten dieselben Bezugszeichen verwendet werden.The embodiment according to FIG. 6 again partially coincides with the embodiments described above, so reference is made to avoid repetition of the above description, wherein the same reference numerals are used for corresponding details.

Eine Besonderheit dieses Ausführungsbeispiels besteht darin, dass die benachbarten Beschichtungsmitteldüsen 16.1-16.4 direkt an jeweils eine Beschichtungsmittelzuleitung angeschlossen sind, über die jeweils eine der Grundfarben C, M, Y, K des CMYK-Farbsystems zugeführt wird.A special feature of this embodiment is that the adjacent coating agent nozzles 16.1-16.4 are connected directly to a respective coating agent supply line, via which in each case one of the primary colors C, M, Y, K of the CMYK color system is supplied.

Die benachbarte Beschichtungsmitteldüse 16.5 ist dagegen über den Farbwechsler 17 mit drei weiteren Beschichtungsmittelzuleitungen verbunden, die einen Metallic-Lack, einen Mica-Lack bzw. einen Sonderlack zuführen.On the other hand, the adjacent coating agent nozzle 16.5 is connected via the color changer 17 to three further coating agent supply lines which supply a metallic lacquer, a mica lacquer or a special lacquer.

Im Betrieb wählt der Farbwechsler dann den gewünschten Effektlack (Metallic-Lack, Mica-Lack oder Sonderlack) aus und appliziert diesen über die Beschichtungsmitteldüse 16.5. Darüber hinaus werden die vier Grundfarben C, M, Y und K des CMYK-Farbsystems in dem gewünschten Verhältnis über die Beschichtungsmitteldüsen 16.1-16.4 appliziert. Auf dem zu beschichtenden Bauteil mischen sich dann die Grundfarben C, M, Y, K mit dem ausgewählten Effektlack.In operation, the color changer then selects the desired effect varnish (metallic varnish, mica varnish or special varnish) and applies it via the coating compound nozzle 16.5. In addition, the four primary colors C, M, Y and K of the CMYK color system are applied in the desired ratio via the coating agent nozzles 16.1-16.4. On the component to be coated then mix the primary colors C, M, Y, K with the selected effect varnish.

Figur 7 zeigt mehrere Düsenreihen 19.1-19.4 mit zahlreichen Beschichtungsmitteldüsen 20, wobei den einzelnen Düsenreihen 19.1-19.4 jeweils eine der vier Grundfarben C, M, Y, K des CMYK-Farbsystems zugeordnet ist. So applizieren die Beschichtungsmitteldüsen 20 der Beschichtungsmittelreihe 19.1 die Grundfarbe C (Cyan), während die Beschichtungsmittelreihe 19.2 die Grundfarbe M (Magenta) appliziert. Die Beschichtungsmitteldüsen 20 der Düsenreihe 19.3 applizieren dagegen Beschichtungsmittel der Grundfarbe Y (Yellow = Gelb), während die Beschichtungsmitteldüsen 20 der Düsenreihe 19.4 Beschichtungsmittel der Grundfarbe K (Key = Schwarz) applizieren. FIG. 7 shows several nozzle rows 19.1-19.4 with numerous coating agent nozzles 20, wherein the individual nozzle rows 19.1-19.4 each one of the four primary colors C, M, Y, K of the CMYK color system is assigned. Thus, the coating agent nozzles 20 of the coating agent series 19.1 apply the base color C (cyan), while the coating agent series 19.2 applies the base color M (magenta). The coating agent nozzles In contrast, 20 of the nozzle row 19.3 apply coating agent of the base color Y (yellow = yellow), while the coating agent nozzles 20 of the nozzle row 19.4 apply coating agent of the base color K (key = black).

Darüber hinaus können die Düsenreihen 19.1-19.4 auch einen Sonderlack S applizieren. In den einzelnen Düsenreihen 19.1-19.4 ist deshalb jede zweite der Beschichtungsmitteldüsen 20 an eine Sonderlackzuleitung angeschlossen. In den einzelnen Düsenreihen 19.1-19.4 können die einzelnen Beschichtungsmitteldüsen 20 also abwechselnd den Sonderlack S und eine der vier Grundfarben C, M, Y, K applizieren.In addition, the nozzle rows 19.1-19.4 can also apply a special paint S. In the individual nozzle rows 19.1-19.4, therefore, every second of the coating agent nozzles 20 is connected to a special paint supply line. In the individual nozzle rows 19.1-19.4, the individual coating agent nozzles 20 can thus alternately apply the special coating S and one of the four primary colors C, M, Y, K.

Figur 8 zeigt ebenfalls vier Düsenreihen 21.1-21.4, die jeweils zahlreiche Beschichtungsmitteldüsen 22 umfassen. FIG. 8 also shows four nozzle rows 21.1-21.4, each comprising numerous coating agent nozzles 22.

Weiterhin sind hierbei vier Farbwechsler 23.1-23.4 vorgesehen, die jeweils sämtliche Beschichtungsmitteldüsen 22 einer der vier Düsenreihen 21.1-21.4 mit einem Beschichtungsmittel versorgen. So speist der Farbwechsler 23.1 sämtliche Beschichtungsmitteldüsen 22 der Düsenreihe 21.1, während der Farbwechsler 23.2 sämtliche Beschichtungsmitteldüsen 22 der Düsenreihe 21.2 speist. Der Farbwechsler 23.3 speist dagegen sämtliche Beschichtungsmitteldüsen 22 der Düsenreihe 21.3, während der Farbwechsler 23.4 sämtliche Beschichtungsmitteldüsen 20 der Düsenreihe 21.4 mit dem zu applizierenden Beschichtungsmittel versorgt.Furthermore, in this case four color changer 23.1-23.4 are provided, each supplying all coating agent nozzles 22 of one of the four nozzle rows 21.1-21.4 with a coating agent. Thus, the color changer 23.1 feeds all coating agent nozzles 22 of the nozzle row 21.1, while the color changer 23.2 feeds all coating agent nozzles 22 of the nozzle row 21.2. In contrast, the color changer 23.3 feeds all the coating agent nozzles 22 of the nozzle row 21.3, while the color changer 23.4 supplies all coating agent nozzles 20 of the nozzle row 21.4 with the coating agent to be applied.

Eingangsseitig werden die Farbwechsler 23.1-23.4 mit jeweils einer Grundfarbe C, M, Y, K versorgt, so dass jede der Grundfarben C, M, Y, K einer der vier Düsenreihen 21.1-21.4 zugeordnet ist. Darüber hinaus sind die Farbwechsler 23.1-23.4 mit mehreren Sonderfarbzuleitungen verbunden, über die Sonderfarben, Metallic-Lacke oder dergleichen zugeführt werden können.On the input side, the color changers 23.1-23.4 are each supplied with a base color C, M, Y, K, so that each of the primary colors C, M, Y, K is assigned to one of the four nozzle rows 21.1-21.4. In addition, the color changer 23.1-23.4 are connected to several special color supply lines, on the special colors, Metallic paints or the like can be supplied.

Auch bei dieser Düsenanordnung erfolgt eine Farbmischung auf dem zu beschichtenden Bauteil.Also in this nozzle arrangement, a color mixture takes place on the component to be coated.

Das Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 9 stimmt teilweise mit dem vorstehend beschriebenen und in Figur 8 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel überein, so dass zur Vermeidung von Wiederholungen auf die vorstehende Beschreibung verwiesen wird, wobei für entsprechende Einzelheiten dieselben Bezugszeichen verwendet werden.The embodiment according to FIG. 9 partly in agreement with the one described above and in FIG. 8 illustrated embodiment, so reference is made to avoid repetition of the above description, wherein the same reference numerals are used for corresponding details.

Eine Besonderheit dieses Ausführungsbeispiels besteht darin, dass die Farbwechsler 23.1-23.4 eingangsseitig gemeinsam mit einem weiteren Farbwechsler 24 verbunden sind, wobei der Farbwechsler 24 eingangsseitig mit drei verschiedenen Effektlacken S1, S2, S3 versorgt wird. Der Farbwechsler 24 wählt also im Betrieb einen der Effektlacke S1, S2 oder S3 aus und stellt den ausgewählten Effektlack den anderen Farbwechslern 23.1-23.4 zur Auswahl zur Verfügung. Die Farbwechsler 23.1-23.4 können also wahlweise die jeweilige Grundfarbe C. M, Y bzw. K oder den von dem Farbwechsler 24 bereitgestellten Effektlack auswählen.A special feature of this embodiment is that the color changer 23.1-23.4 are connected on the input side together with another color changer 24, wherein the color changer 24 is supplied on the input side with three different effect coatings S1, S2, S3. The color changer 24 thus selects one of the effect coatings S1, S2 or S3 during operation and makes the selected effect coating available to the other color changers 23.1 to 23.4 for selection. The color changer 23.1-23.4 can thus optionally select the respective base color C.M, Y or K or the effect varnish provided by the color changer 24.

Das Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 10 stimmt teilweise mit dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 6 überein, so dass zur Vermeidung von Wiederholungen auf die vorstehende Beschreibung verwiesen wird, wobei für entsprechende Einzelheiten dieselben Bezugszeichen verwendet werden.The embodiment according to FIG. 10 partially in accordance with the embodiment FIG. 6 to avoid repetition, reference is made to the above description, wherein like reference numerals are used for corresponding details.

Eine Besonderheit dieses Ausführungsbeispiels besteht darin, dass die Beschichtungsmitteldüsen 16.1-16.4 nicht getrennt voneinander mit jeweils einer der Grundfarben C, M, Y bzw. K versorgt werden. Vielmehr werden die Beschichtungsmitteldüsen 16.1-16.4 gemeinsam von einem Farbmischer 25 mit dem zu applizierenden Beschichtungsmittel versorgt, wobei der Farbmischer 25 eingangsseitig mit den Grundfarben C, M, Y, K des CMYK-Farbsystems versorgt wird und entsprechend der Ansteuerung einen gewünschten Farbton mischt, der dann von den Beschichtungsmitteldüsen 16.1-16.4 appliziert wird.A special feature of this embodiment is that the coating agent nozzles 16.1-16.4 are not separated from each other with one of the primary colors C, M, Y and K, respectively be supplied. Rather, the coating agent nozzles 16.1-16.4 supplied together by a color mixer 25 with the coating agent to be applied, the color mixer 25 is supplied on the input side with the primary colors C, M, Y, K of the CMYK color system and mixes a desired color tone according to the control, the then applied by the coating agent nozzles 16.1-16.4.

Das Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 11 stimmt teilweise mit dem vorstehend beschriebenen und in Figur 7 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel überein, so dass zur Vermeidung von Wiederholungen auf die vorstehende Beschreibung verwiesen wird, wobei für entsprechende Einzelheiten dieselben Bezugszeichen verwendet werden.The embodiment according to FIG. 11 partly in agreement with the one described above and in FIG. 7 illustrated embodiment, so reference is made to avoid repetition of the above description, wherein the same reference numerals are used for corresponding details.

Eine Besonderheit dieses Ausführungsbeispiels besteht darin, dass die einzelnen Düsenreihen 19.1-19.4 nicht mit verschiedenen Grundfarben versorgt werden, sondern mit einem zusammengemischten Beschichtungsmittel, dass von einem Farbmischer 26 aus den Grundfarben C, M, Y und K zusammengemischt wird.A special feature of this embodiment is that the individual rows of nozzles 19.1-19.4 are not supplied with different primary colors, but with a mixed-together coating agent that is mixed together by a color mixer 26 of the primary colors C, M, Y and K.

Das Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 12 stimmt teilweise mit dem vorstehend beschriebenen und in Figur 8 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel überein, so dass zur Vermeidung von Wiederholungen auf die vorstehende Beschreibung verwiesen wird, wobei für entsprechende Einzelheiten dieselben Bezugszeichen verwendet werden.The embodiment according to FIG. 12 partly in agreement with the one described above and in FIG. 8 illustrated embodiment, so reference is made to avoid repetition of the above description, wherein the same reference numerals are used for corresponding details.

Eine Besonderheit dieses Ausführungsbeispiels besteht darin, dass die einzelnen Farbwechsler 23.1-23.4 gemeinsam mit einer Farbmischung versorgt werden, die von einem Farbmischer 27 bereitgestellt wird, wobei der Farbmischer 27 eingangsseitig mit den Grundfarben C, M, Y und K versorgt wird.A special feature of this embodiment is that the individual color changer 23.1-23.4 are supplied together with a color mixture which is provided by a color mixer 27, wherein the color mixer 27 is supplied on the input side with the primary colors C, M, Y and K.

Figur 13 zeigt ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer Düsenanordnung in den Druckköpfen 8, 9, wobei hier vier Düsenreihen 28.1-28.4 dargestellt sind, die jeweils zahlreiche Beschichtungsmitteldüsen 29 aufweisen. Sämtliche Beschichtungsmitteldüsen 29 und sämtliche Beschichtungsmittelreihen 28.1-28.4 werden hierbei gemeinsam von einem Farbwechsler 30 mit demselben Beschichtungsmittel versorgt. FIG. 13 shows a further embodiment of a nozzle arrangement in the print heads 8, 9, wherein here four nozzle rows 28.1-28.4 are shown, each having numerous coating agent nozzles 29. All coating agent nozzles 29 and all coating agent rows 28.1-28.4 are in this case supplied together by a color changer 30 with the same coating agent.

Eingangsseitig ist der Farbwechsler 30 an drei Sonderfarbzuleitungen angeschlossen, über die drei Sonderlacke S1, S2, S3 zugeführt werden.On the input side, the color changer 30 is connected to three special color supply lines via which three special paints S1, S2, S3 are supplied.

Darüber hinaus ist der Farbwechsler 30 eingangsseitig an einen Farbmischer 31 angeschlossen, der aus den Grundfarben, C, M, Y, K einen gewünschten Farbton mischt und dem Farbwechsler 30 zur Auswahl bereitstellt.In addition, the color changer 30 is connected on the input side to a color mixer 31, which mixes a desired color tone from the primary colors C, M, Y, K and makes it available to the color changer 30 for selection.

Das Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 14 stimmt teilweise mit dem vorstehend beschriebenen und in Figur 13 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel überein, so dass zur Vermeidung von Wiederholungen auf die vorstehende Beschreibung verwiesen wird, wobei für entsprechende Einzelheiten dieselben Bezugszeichen verwendet werden.The embodiment according to FIG. 14 partly in agreement with the one described above and in FIG. 13 illustrated embodiment, so reference is made to avoid repetition of the above description, wherein the same reference numerals are used for corresponding details.

Eine Besonderheit dieses Ausführungsbeispiels besteht darin, dass sämtliche Beschichtungsmitteldüsen 29 in allen Düsenreihen 28.1-28.4 an eine gemeinsame Beschichtungsmittelzuleitung 31 angeschlossen sind, über die dasselbe Beschichtungsmittel zugeführt wird.A special feature of this embodiment is that all coating agent nozzles 29 are connected in all nozzle rows 28.1-28.4 to a common coating agent supply line 31, via which the same coating agent is supplied.

Das Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 15 stimmt teilweise mit dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 11 überein, so dass zur Vermeidung von Wiederholungen auf die vorstehende Beschreibung verwiesen wird.The embodiment according to FIG. 15 partially in accordance with the embodiment FIG. 11 match, so that to Reference is made to avoid repetition of the above description.

Eine Besonderheit dieses Ausführungsbeispiels besteht darin, dass die Beschichtungsmitteldüsen 20 in den einzelnen Düsenreihen 19.1-19.4 abwechselnd mit einer ersten Beschichtungsmittelleitung 32 und einer zweiten Beschichtungsmittelzuleitung 33 verbunden sind.A special feature of this embodiment is that the coating agent nozzles 20 in the individual nozzle rows 19.1-19.4 are alternately connected to a first coating agent line 32 and a second coating agent supply line 33.

Figur 16 zeigt eine Düsenanordnung 34 für die Druckköpfe 8, 9 der erfindungsgemäßen Lackieranlage, wobei der Pfeil die Vorschubrichtung der Druckköpfe 8, 9 anzeigt, d.h. die Druckrichtung. FIG. 16 shows a nozzle assembly 34 for the print heads 8, 9 of the painting system according to the invention, wherein the arrow indicates the feed direction of the print heads 8, 9, ie the printing direction.

Aus der Zeichnung ist ersichtlich, dass die Düsenanordnung 34 mehrere Düsenreihen 35.1-35.7 aufweist, die jeweils mehrere Beschichtungsmitteldüsen 36 umfasst.It can be seen from the drawing that the nozzle arrangement 34 has a plurality of nozzle rows 35.1-35.7, each of which comprises a plurality of coating agent nozzles 36.

Die Beschichtungsmitteldüsen 36 weisen hierbei innerhalb der gesamten Düsenanordnung 34 eine einheitlich große Düsenöffnung auf.The coating agent nozzles 36 in this case have a uniformly large nozzle opening within the entire nozzle arrangement 34.

Die benachbarten Düsenreihen 35.1-35.7 sind dabei in Längsrichtung zueinander versetzt angeordnet und zwar um eine halbe Düsenbreite, was eine maximale Packungsdichte der Beschichtungsmitteldüsen 36 innerhalb der Düsenanordnung 34 ermöglicht.The adjacent rows of nozzles 35.1-35.7 are arranged offset from one another in the longitudinal direction by half a nozzle width, which enables a maximum packing density of the coating agent nozzles 36 within the nozzle arrangement 34.

Figur 17 zeigt eine abgewandelte Düsenanordnung 34, die weitgehend mit der vorstehend beschriebenen und in Figur 16 dargestellten Düsenanordnung übereinstimmt, so dass zur Vermeidung von Wiederholungen auf die vorstehende Beschreibung verwiesen wird. FIG. 17 shows a modified nozzle assembly 34, which is largely with the above-described and in FIG. 16 the nozzle arrangement shown matches, so that reference is made to avoid repetition of the above description.

Eine Besonderheit dieses Ausführungsbeispiels besteht zunächst darin, dass die einzelnen Düsen 36 eine wesentlich geringere Düsengröße aufweisen.A special feature of this embodiment is first that the individual nozzles 36 have a much smaller nozzle size.

Eine weitere Besonderheit dieses Ausführungsbeispiels besteht darin, dass die benachbarten Düsenreihen nicht zueinander versetzt angeordnet sind.Another special feature of this embodiment is that the adjacent rows of nozzles are not arranged offset from one another.

Figur 18 zeigt ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer Düsenanordnung 37 mit fünf parallelen Düsenreihen 38.1-38.5 mit relativ großen Düsenöffnungen und vier Düsenreihen 39.1-39.4 mit relativ kleinen Düsenöffnungen. FIG. 18 shows a further embodiment of a nozzle assembly 37 with five parallel nozzle rows 38.1-38.5 with relatively large nozzle openings and four nozzle rows 39.1-39.4 with relatively small nozzle openings.

Das Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 19 stimmt weitgehend mit dem vorstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 18 überein, so dass zur Vermeidung von Wiederholungen auf die vorstehende Beschreibung verwiesen wird, wobei für entsprechende Einzelheiten dieselben Bezugszeichen verwendet werden.The embodiment according to FIG. 19 is largely consistent with the embodiment described above FIG. 18 to avoid repetition, reference is made to the above description, wherein like reference numerals are used for corresponding details.

Eine Besonderheit dieses Ausführungsbeispiels besteht darin, dass die Düsenreihen 38.1-38.5 mit den größeren Düsenöffnungen in Längsrichtung zueinander versetzt sind und zwar um eine halbe Düsenbreite.A special feature of this embodiment is that the nozzle rows are 38.1-38.5 offset with the larger nozzle openings in the longitudinal direction to each other and that by half a nozzle width.

Figur 20 zeigt ein Schema zur Lackierung einer scharfen Kante 39. Daraus ist ersichtlich, dass die Kante 39 aus verschieden großen Beschichtungsmittelflächen 40, 41, 42 zusammengesetzt wird, wobei die verschieden großen Beschichtungsmittelflächen 40-42 von entsprechend unterschiedlich großen Beschichtungsmitteldüsen erzeugt werden. FIG. 20 shows a scheme for painting a sharp edge 39. It can be seen that the edge 39 is composed of different sized coating agent surfaces 40, 41, 42, wherein the different sized coating agent surfaces 40-42 are produced by correspondingly different sized coating agent nozzles.

Beim Druck einer Grafik werden größere Bereiche eines Farbtons mit den großen Beschichtungsmitteldüsen gedruckt, wohingegen Bereiche, die eine gewisse Randschärfe erfordern, mit kleinen Beschichtungsmitteldüsen verfeinert werden. Sinnvoll ist dieses Verfahren vor allem bei Two-Tone-Lackierungen (zweifarbige Lackierung; z.B. Schwellerbereich einer Karosserie in Kontrastfarbe). In der Abbildung ist eine Randzone dargestellt, die mit drei verschiedenen Düsengrößen randscharf gedruckt wird.When printing a graphic, larger areas of a hue are printed with the large coating agent nozzles, whereas areas that require some edge sharpness are printed with it small coating agent nozzles are refined. This process is particularly useful for two-tone finishes (two-tone finish, eg the threshold area of a body in contrasting color). The illustration shows a border zone that is printed with three different nozzle sizes.

Figur 21 zeigt schematisch einen drehbaren Druckkopf 43 mit vier großen Beschichtungsmitteldüsen 44 und zahlreichen kleineren Beschichtungsmitteldüsen 45, wobei die größeren Beschichtungsmitteldüsen 44 bezüglich der Drehachse des Druckkopfs 43 außen angeordnet sind, während sich die kleineren Beschichtungsmitteldüsen 45 bezüglich der Drehachse des Druckkopfs 43 innen befinden. FIG. 21 schematically shows a rotatable printhead 43 with four large coating agent nozzles 44 and numerous smaller coating agent nozzles 45, wherein the larger coating agent nozzles 44 are arranged outside with respect to the axis of rotation of the printhead 43, while the smaller coating agent nozzles 45 are inside with respect to the axis of rotation of the printhead 43.

Schließlich zeigt Figur 22 eine Druckkopfanordnung 46 mit insgesamt vier Druckköpfen 47-50, die relativ zueinander schwenkbar sind, um eine bessere Anpassung an die Oberfläche eines gekrümmten Bauteils 51 zu ermöglichen.Finally shows FIG. 22 a printhead assembly 46 having a total of four print heads 47-50 which are pivotable relative to each other to allow a better fit to the surface of a curved member 51.

Figur 23 zeigt ein Pixel 52, das mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Beschichtungsverfahren mittels eines Druckkopfs auf ein Bauteil 53 aufgedruckt werden kann, wobei das Pixel 52 in der Zeichnung zur Vereinfachung einzeln dargestellt ist. In der Praxis werden jedoch zahlreiche Pixel 52 aufgebracht. FIG. 23 FIG. 5 shows a pixel 52 which can be printed on a component 53 by means of a printing head using the coating method according to the invention, the pixel 52 being shown individually in the drawing for the sake of simplicity. In practice, however, numerous pixels 52 are applied.

Das Pixel 52 besteht aus mehreren Schichten 54-57, die übereinander angeordnet sind.The pixel 52 consists of several layers 54-57, which are arranged one above the other.

Die drei unteren Schichten 55-57 bestehen hierbei aus den Grundfarben Rot, Grün und Blau des RGB-Farbsystems. Alternativ besteht jedoch auch die Möglichkeit, dass die unteren Schichten aus den Grundfarben eines anderen Farbsystems bestehen, wie beispielsweise des CMYK-Farbsystems. Die übereinander liegenden Schichten 55-57 erzeugen dann durch subtraktive Farbmischung einen bestimmten Farbton.The three lower layers 55-57 consist of the primary colors red, green and blue of the RGB color system. Alternatively, however, there is also the possibility that the lower layers consist of the primary colors of another color system, such as the CMYK color system. The one above the other Layers 55-57 then produce a specific hue by subtractive color mixing.

Die oberste Schicht besteht dagegen aus einem halbtransparenten Metalliclack, um einen Metalliceffekt zu erzielen. Figur 24 zeigt in stark vereinfachter Form eine erfindungsgemäße Beschichtungseinrichtung mit einem mehrachsigen Roboter 58, der einen Druckkopf 59 entlang vorgegebener Beschichtungsmittelbahnen über eine Bauteiloberfläche 60 bewegt, wobei der Roboter 58 von einer Robotersteuerung 61 angesteuert wird. Die Robotersteuerung 61 steuert den Roboter 58 hierbei so an, dass der Druckkopf 59 jeweils entlang vorgegebener Beschichtungsmittelbahnen über die Bauteiloberfläche 60 geführt wird, wobei die Beschichtungsmittelbahnen mäanderförmig nebeneinander liegen.The top layer, on the other hand, consists of a semi-transparent metallic lacquer to achieve a metallic effect. FIG. 24 shows in greatly simplified form a coating device according to the invention with a multi-axis robot 58, which moves a print head 59 along predetermined coating medium paths over a component surface 60, wherein the robot 58 is controlled by a robot controller 61. The robot controller 61 controls the robot 58 in this case in such a way that the print head 59 is guided along the component surface 60 along predetermined coating middle paths, the coating middle webs lying next to one another in a meandering manner.

Eine Besonderheit besteht hierbei darin, dass an dem Druckkopf 59 zusätzlich ein optischer Sensor 62 angebracht ist, der im Betrieb die Position und den Verlauf der vorangegangenen Beschichtungsmittelbahn erfasst, damit die aktuelle Beschichtungsmittelbahn exakt an der vorangegangenen Beschichtungsmittelbahn ausgerichtet werden kann.A special feature here is that an optical sensor 62 is additionally attached to the print head 59, which detects the position and the course of the preceding coating middle web in operation so that the current coating middle web can be aligned exactly on the preceding coating middle web.

Figur 25 zeigt in stark vereinfachter Form eine Variante einer erfindungsgemäßen Beschichtungseinrichtung mit drei getrennten Beschichtungsmittelzuführungen 63-65, die jeweils eine Komponente des zu applizierenden Beschichtungsmittels zuführen. FIG. 25 shows in greatly simplified form a variant of a coating device according to the invention with three separate coating agent feeds 63-65, each supplying a component of the coating agent to be applied.

Die Beschichtungsmittelzuführungen 63-65 sind ausgangsseitig mit einem Mischer 66 verbunden, der die einzelnen Komponenten zu einem Beschichtungsmittelgemisch zusammenmischt, das dann einem Druckkopf 67 zugeführt wird. Die Mischung der verschiedenen Komponenten des Beschichtungsmittels erfolgt hierbei also vor der Applikation durch den Druckkopf 67.The coating agent feeders 63-65 are connected on the output side to a mixer 66 which mixes the individual components into a coating agent mixture, which is then fed to a print head 67. The mix of different Components of the coating agent thus takes place before application by the print head 67.

Figur 26 zeigt dagegen in vereinfachter Form einen Druckkopf 68, der drei verschiedene Komponenten eines Beschichtungsmittels getrennt voneinander auf die Bauteiloberfläche appliziert, wobei die Mischung der einzelnen Komponenten erst auf der Bauteiloberfläche erfolgt. FIG. 26 on the other hand shows in simplified form a print head 68, which applies three different components of a coating agent separately from each other on the component surface, wherein the mixture of the individual components takes place only on the component surface.

Figur 27 zeigt in schematisierter Form einen Druckkopf 69 zur Applikation von Beschichtungsmitteltropfen 70 auf eine Bauteiloberfläche 71. FIG. 27 shows in schematic form a print head 69 for application of coating agent drops 70 on a component surface 71st

Der Druckkopf 69 weist hierbei eine Beschichtungsmitteldüse 72 auf, aus der die einzelnen Beschichtungsmitteltropfen 70 pneumatisch oder in sonstiger Weise ausgestoßen werden.The print head 69 in this case has a coating agent nozzle 72, from which the individual coating agent drops 70 are ejected pneumatically or in any other way.

Darüber hinaus weist der Druckkopf 69 eine Hüllstromdüse 73 auf, welche die Beschichtungsmitteldüse 72 ringförmig umgibt und einen ringförmigen Hüllstrom abgibt, der die einzelnen Beschichtungsmitteltropfen 70 umgibt.In addition, the print head 69 has an envelope flow nozzle 73 which annularly surrounds the coating agent nozzle 72 and emits an annular envelope flow surrounding the individual coating agent drops 70.

Zum Einen dient dies zur Zerstäubung bzw. Abgrenzung der einzelnen Beschichtungsmitteltropfen 70.On the one hand, this serves for atomization or delimitation of the individual coating agent drops 70.

Zum Anderen lenkt der von der Hüllstromdüse 73 abgegebene Hüllstrom etwaigen Overspray in Richtung auf die Bauteiloberfläche 71 und verbessert dadurch den Auftragswirkungsgrad.On the other hand, the sheath flow discharged by the sheath current nozzle 73 deflects any overspray in the direction of the component surface 71 and thereby improves the application efficiency.

Figur 28 zeigt in ebenfalls stark vereinfachter Form einen erfindungsgemäßen Druckkopf 69, der teilweise mit dem Druckkopf 69 gemäß Figur 27 übereinstimmt, so dass zur Vermeidung von Wiederholungen auf die vorstehende Beschreibung verwiesen wird, wobei für entsprechende Einzelheiten die selben Bezugszeichen verwendet werden. FIG. 28 also shows a highly simplified form of a printhead 69 according to the invention, which partially with the print head 69 according to FIG. 27 so refer to the above description to avoid repetition with the same reference numerals being used for corresponding details.

Eine Besonderheit dieses Ausführungsbeispiels besteht darin, dass die einzelnen Beschichtungsmitteltropfen 70 pneumatisch aus der Beschichtungsmitteldüse 72 ausgestoßen werden, wobei die Beschichtungsmitteltropfen 70 pneumatisch beschleunigt werden, wodurch der maximal mögliche Lackierabstand vergrößert wird, da die einzelnen Beschichtungsmitteltropfen 70 aufgrund der pneumatischen Beschleunigung eine entsprechend größere genetische Energie haben.A peculiarity of this embodiment is that the individual coating agent drops 70 are pneumatically ejected from the coating agent nozzle 72, wherein the coating agent drops 70 are pneumatically accelerated, whereby the maximum possible Lackierabstand is increased because the individual coating agent drops 70 due to the pneumatic acceleration correspondingly greater genetic energy to have.

Figur 29 zeigt in stark vereinfachter Form einen Druckkopf 74 bei der Applikation zweier benachbarter Lackierbahnen, wobei die Position des Druckkopfs 74 in der aktuellen Lackierbahn ohne Apostroph bezeichnet ist, wohingegen die Position des Druckkopfs 74' in der vorangegangenen Lackierbahn mit einem Apostroph gekennzeichnet ist. FIG. 29 shows in a highly simplified form a printhead 74 in the application of two adjacent coating paths, wherein the position of the print head 74 is designated in the current Lackierbahn without apostrophe, whereas the position of the print head 74 'is marked in the previous Lackierbahn with an apostrophe.

Der Druckkopf 74 weist mehrere Beschichtungsmitteldüsen 75 auf, die quer zur Bahnrichtung nebeneinander angeordnet sind, wobei die äußeren Beschichtungsmitteldüsen 75 weniger Beschichtungsmittel abgeben als die inneren Beschichtungsmitteldüsen 75. Im Ergebnis erzeugt der Druckkopf 74 auf der Bauteiloberfläche eine trapezförmige Schichtdickenverteilung 76. Dies ist vorteilhaft, weil sich die trapezförmige Schichtdickenverteilung 76 dann mit der ebenfalls trapezförmigen Schichtdickenverteilung 76' der vorangegangenen Lackierbahn überlagert, was zu einer konstanten Schichtdicke führt.The printhead 74 has a plurality of coating agent nozzles 75 juxtaposed transversely to the web direction, with the outer coating agent nozzles 75 delivering less coating agent than the inner coating nozzles 75. As a result, the printhead 74 creates a trapezoidal layer thickness distribution 76 on the component surface the trapezoidal layer thickness distribution 76 is then superimposed with the likewise trapezoidal layer thickness distribution 76 'of the preceding coating path, which leads to a constant layer thickness.

Figur 30 zeigt in vereinfachter Form eine erfindungsgemäße Beschichtungseinrichtung, bei der die zu lackierenden Bauteile 77 entlang einem linearen Förderweg 78 durch eine Lackierkabine transportiert werden, was an sich aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt ist und deshalb nicht näher beschrieben werden muss. FIG. 30 shows in simplified form a coating device according to the invention, in which the components to be coated 77 along a linear conveying path 78 through a paint booth be transported, which is known per se from the prior art and therefore need not be described in detail.

Der Förderweg 78 wird hierbei von einem Portal 79 überspannt, wobei an dem Portal zahlreiche Druckköpfe 80 angebracht sind, die auf die Bauteile 77 auf dem Förderweg 78 gerichtet sind und diese mit einem Beschichtungsmittel beschichten.The conveying path 78 is in this case spanned by a portal 79, wherein on the portal numerous print heads 80 are mounted, which are directed to the components 77 on the conveying path 78 and coat them with a coating agent.

Figur 31 zeigt eine Abwandlung von Figur 19, so dass zur Vermeidung von Wiederholungen auf die vorstehende Beschreibung verwiesen wird, wobei für entsprechende Einzelheiten die selben Bezugszeichen verwendet werden. FIG. 31 shows a modification of FIG. 19 Thus, to avoid repetition, reference is made to the above description, wherein the same reference numerals are used for corresponding details.

Eine Besonderheit dieses Ausführungsbeispiels besteht in der wesentlich größeren Packungsdichte der einzelnen Beschichtungsmitteldüsen.A special feature of this embodiment is the significantly greater packing density of the individual coating agent nozzles.

Figur 32 zeigt eine Abwandlung von Figur 18, so dass zur Vermeidung von Wiederholungen auf die vorstehende Beschreibung verwiesen wird, wobei für entsprechende Einzelheiten die selben Bezugszeichen verwendet werden. FIG. 32 shows a modification of FIG. 18 Thus, to avoid repetition, reference is made to the above description, wherein the same reference numerals are used for corresponding details.

Auch hier besteht die Besonderheit darin, dass die Packungsdichte der einzelnen Beschichtungsmitteldüsen wesentlich größer ist.Again, the peculiarity is that the packing density of the individual coating agent nozzles is much larger.

Die Erfindung ist nicht auf die vorstehend beschriebenen bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt. Vielmehr ist eine Vielzahl von Varianten und Abwandlungen möglich, die durch die Ansprüche definiert werden.The invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments described above. Rather, a variety of variants and modifications are possible, which are defined by the claims.

Bezugszeichenliste:LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Fördererpromoter
22
Lackierkabinespray booth
33
LackierroboterPainting robots
44
LackierroboterPainting robots
55
Plenumplenum
66
Deckeblanket
77
Auswaschungwashout
88th
Druckkopfprinthead
99
Druckkopfprinthead
1010
Luftabsaugungair extraction
1111
Filterdeckefilter ceiling
1212
BeschichtungsmitteldüseBeschichtungsmitteldüse
1313
Farbwechslercolor changers
14.1-14.414.1-14.4
BeschichtungsmitteldüsenCoating agent nozzles
15.1-15.415.1-15.4
Farbwechslercolor changers
16.1-16.616.1-16.6
BeschichtungsmitteldüsenCoating agent nozzles
1717
Farbwechslerscolor changer
1818
Farbmischercolor mixer
19.1-19.419.1-19.4
Düsenreihennozzle rows
2020
BeschichtungsmitteldüsenCoating agent nozzles
21.1-21.421.1-21.4
Düsenreihennozzle rows
2222
Düsenreihennozzle rows
23.1-23.423.1-23.4
Farbwechslercolor changers
2424
Farbwechslercolor changers
2525
Farbmischercolor mixer
2626
Farbmischercolor mixer
2727
Farbmischercolor mixer
28.1-28.428.1-28.4
Düsenreihennozzle rows
2929
BeschichtungsmitteldüsenCoating agent nozzles
3030
Farbwechslercolor changers
3131
BeschichtungsmittelzuleitungCoating agent supply line
3232
BeschichtungsmittelzuleitungCoating agent supply line
3333
BeschichtungsmittelzuleitungCoating agent supply line
3434
Düsenanordnungnozzle assembly
35.1-35.735.1-35.7
Düsenreihennozzle rows
3636
BeschichtungsmitteldüsenCoating agent nozzles
3737
Düsenanordnungnozzle assembly
38.1-38.538.1-38.5
Düsenreihennozzle rows
3939
Kanteedge
40-4240-42
BeschichtungsmittelflächenCoating agent surfaces
4343
Druckkopfprinthead
4444
BeschichtungsmitteldüsenCoating agent nozzles
4545
BeschichtungsmitteldüsenCoating agent nozzles
4646
DruckkopfanordnungPrinthead assembly
47-5047-50
Druckköpfeprintheads
5151
Bauteilcomponent
5252
Pixelpixel
5353
Bauteilcomponent
54-5754-57
Schichtenlayers
5858
Roboterrobot
5959
Druckkopfprinthead
6060
Bauteiloberflächecomponent surface
6161
Robotersteuerungrobot control
6262
Sensorsensor
6363
BeschichtungsmittelzuführungCoating agent feed
6666
Mischermixer
6767
Druckkopfprinthead
6868
Druckkopfprinthead
6969
Druckkopfprinthead
7070
BeschichtungsmitteltropfenCoating agent drops
7171
Bauteiloberflächecomponent surface
7272
BeschichtungsmitteldüseBeschichtungsmitteldüse
7373
HüllstromdüseHüllstromdüse
74, 74'74, 74 '
Druckkopfprinthead
75, 75'75, 75 '
BeschichtungsmitteldüsenCoating agent nozzles
76, 76'76, 76 '
SchichtdickenverteilungFilm thickness distribution
7777
Bauteilecomponents
7878
Fördererpromoter
7979
Portalportal
8080
Druckköpfeprintheads

Claims (24)

  1. Coating device for coating motor vehicle body parts with a multi-axis robot having a multi-axis robot hand on which an application device applying the coating agent is mounted, characterised in that the application device is a print head (8, 9) which discharges the coating agent from a plurality of coating agent nozzles (12; 14.1-14.4; 16.1-16.6; 20; 29; 36; 44; 45), the coating agent nozzles of the print head (8, 9) are jointly connected to a coating agent supply line (31) via which the coating agent to be applied is supplied,
    and the print head (8, 9) exhibits an area coating performance of at least 1 m2/min.
  2. Coating device in accordance with claim 2, characterised in that the print head (8, 9) exhibits an area coating performance of at least 2 m2/min, 3 m2/min, 4 m2/min or 5 m2/min.
  3. Coating device in accordance with claim 1 or 2 with a painting cabin, characterised in that during operation the air downdraft speed in the painting cabin (2) is less than 0.3 m/s, 0.2 m/s, 0.1 m/s, 70 cm/s or 50 cm/s.
  4. Coating device in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that
    the coating agent is fluid paint and contains pigments, metallic flakes or other solid paint components, and
    the coating agent nozzles (12; 14.1-14.4; 16.1-16.6; 20; 29; 36; 44; 45) of the print head (8, 9) are large enough to apply the paint containing the solid paint components.
  5. Coating device in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that
    the print head (8, 9) is arranged in a painting cabin (2) in which the components are coated with the coating agent,
    b) no wash-out (7) is arranged under the painting cabin (2), which in conventional painting installations washes overspray out of the cabin air in the painting cabin (2),
    c) the coating device is not protected against explosion,
    d) an air extractor (10) is provided which extracts the cabin air from the painting cabin (2) downwards and/or through side channels, and /or
    e) an air filter (11) is provided which is arranged upstream of the air extractor (10) and filters the overspray from the cabin air, and the air filter (11) is designed as a filter ceiling which is arranged on the base of the painting cabin (2) so that the cabin air is extracted from the painting cabin (2) downwards through the filter ceiling (11).
  6. Coating device in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that
    the print head (8, 9) has several coating agent nozzles (29) which are arranged in several nozzle rows (28.1-28.4), more particularly in matrix form in lines and columns, where each nozzle row contains several coating agent nozzles (29), and/or
    b) the coating agent nozzles (29) of the various nozzle rows (28.1-28.4) are jointly connected to a coating agent supply line (31) via which the coating agent to be applied is supplied.
  7. Coating device in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that
    the joint coating agent supply line (31) is supplied by a colour changer.
  8. Coating device in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that
    a) the print head (8, 9) has numerous coating agent nozzles (36) which are arranged in parallel nozzle rows (35.1-35.7),
    b) the coating agent nozzles (36) of the print head (8, 9) are essentially of equal size,
    c) the adjacent nozzle rows (35.1-35.7) are offset with regard to each other in the longitudinal direction, more particularly by half the width of a nozzle, and/or
    d) the nozzle rows (35.1-35.7) are arranged transversely, more particularly perpendicularly to the direction of advance of the nozzle head.
  9. Coating device in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that
    a) the print head (8, 9) has numerous coating agent nozzles which are arranged in parallel nozzle rows (38.1-38.5, 39.1-39.5),
    b) the coating agent nozzles within the individual nozzle rows (38.1-38.5, 39.1-39.5) are each of essentially uniform nozzle size,
    c) the various nozzle rows (38.1-38.5, 39.139.5) have nozzle openings of different sizes.
  10. Coating device in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that
    a) the print head (8, 9, 43) is rotatably mounted about an axis of rotation and rotates during coating or between consecutive coating sessions, and/or
    b) the print head (8, 9, 43) has coating agent nozzles of different sizes, and/or
    c) the smaller coating agent nozzles (45) are arranged closer to the axis of rotation of the print head (8, 9, 43) than the larger coating agent nozzles (44).
  11. Coating device in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a plurality of application devices are provided which are designed as print heads.
  12. Coating device in accordance with any one of the preceding claims characterised in that to coat curved component surfaces several print heads (47-50) are provided which preferably can swivel with regard to each other.
  13. Coating device in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the surface areas of the print head (8, 9) that come into contact with the coating agent are provided at least partly with a wear-reducing coating.
  14. Coating device in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised by an electrostatic coating agent charger and/or compressed air support to improve the application efficiency of the print head (8, 9).
  15. Coating device in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised by a position detection system for detecting the spatial position of the print head (8, 9) and/or the component surface to be coated.
  16. Coating device in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised by
    a sensor (62) which is positioned together with the print head (59) by the robot (58) and which detects the course of a guide path on the component to be coated (60), and
    a robot controller (61), which on the input side is connected to the sensor (62) and on the output side to the robot (58), whereby the robot controller (61) positions the print head (59) as a function of the course of the guide path.
  17. Coating device in accordance with claim 16, characterised in that
    a) the sensor (62) is an optical sensor, and/or
    b) the guide path is a previously applied coating agent path, or
    c) the guide path contains a coating agent that is only visible when illuminated with UV light or IR light.
  18. Coating device in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that
    a) the print head (69) has a sheath flow nozzle (73),
    b) the sheath flow nozzle (73) emits a sheath flow of air or another gas, and
    c) the sheath flow encompasses the coating agent emitted from the coating agent nozzle.
  19. Coating device in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that
    a) the print head (74) has several coating agent nozzles (75) which are arranged next to each other in relation to the direction of the path,
    b) the outer coating agent nozzles (75) emit less coating agent than the inner coating agent nozzles (75).
  20. Coating device in accordance with claim 19, characterised in that the print head (74) applies a coating agent path with a layer thickness distribution (76) transversely to the path direction which is a trapezoidal distribution or a Gaussian normal distribution.
  21. Coating method for coating motor vehicle body parts, the coating agent being applied by a print head (8, 9) which is mounted on the multi-axis robot hand of a multi-axis robot (3, 4) and discharges the coating agent from a plurality of coating agent nozzles, the coating agent nozzles of the print head (8, 9) being jointly connected to a coating agent supply line (31) via which the coating agent to be applied is supplied,
    and the coating agent being applied by the print head (8, 9) with an area coating performance of at least 1 m2/min.
  22. Coating method in accordance with claim 21, characterised in that in the area painting of large surface areas the print head (8, 9) rotates in order to achieve an even coating.
  23. Coating method in accordance with claims 21 or 22, characterised by the following stages:
    a) detecting of the spatial position of the print head (8, 9) and/or the component surface to be coated,
    b) control and/or regulation of the spatial position of the print head (8, 9) as a function of the detected position.
  24. Coating method in accordance with any one of claims 21 to 23, characterised in that the nozzle arrangement is changed towards a coating edge (39) in order to achieve a sharp course of the coating edge (39).
EP09737368.2A 2008-10-24 2009-10-16 Coating device and associated coating method Active EP2337688B8 (en)

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EP16001687.9A EP3112176B1 (en) 2008-10-24 2009-10-16 Coating device and associated coating method
PL16001688T PL3112177T3 (en) 2008-10-24 2009-10-16 Coating device and associated coating method
EP16001689.5A EP3115216B1 (en) 2008-10-24 2009-10-16 Coating device and associated coating method
EP18151709.5A EP3332979B1 (en) 2008-10-24 2009-10-16 Coating device and associated coating method
EP16001688.7A EP3112177B1 (en) 2008-10-24 2009-10-16 Coating device and associated coating method

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PCT/EP2009/007448 WO2010046064A1 (en) 2008-10-24 2009-10-16 Coating device and associated coating method

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EP18151709.5A Division EP3332979B1 (en) 2008-10-24 2009-10-16 Coating device and associated coating method
EP16001689.5A Division EP3115216B1 (en) 2008-10-24 2009-10-16 Coating device and associated coating method
EP16001689.5A Division-Into EP3115216B1 (en) 2008-10-24 2009-10-16 Coating device and associated coating method
EP16001687.9A Division EP3112176B1 (en) 2008-10-24 2009-10-16 Coating device and associated coating method
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EP18151709.5A Active EP3332979B1 (en) 2008-10-24 2009-10-16 Coating device and associated coating method
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EP16001687.9A Active EP3112176B1 (en) 2008-10-24 2009-10-16 Coating device and associated coating method
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US (3) US10150304B2 (en)
EP (5) EP2337688B8 (en)
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CN (4) CN106000730B (en)
DE (1) DE102008053178A1 (en)
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