EP2385225B1 - Silencer - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a silencer for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, in particular of a motor vehicle, with the features of the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to an associated manufacturing method.

Silencers are divided with respect to the production of their circumferentially closed circumferential shell in two production types, namely silencer in shell construction and silencer in coil construction. While in the shell construction two deep-drawn sheets are joined together at the edge, in the winding construction a sheet is wound around a core and closed. Subsequently, a silencer insert the front side, that is inserted axially into the wound shell and two end plates are attached to the opposite axial ends frontally or used and with the jacket, z. B. by folding, connected.

In the case of a transverse muffler, in particular in the case of a transverse muffler, at least one pipe, in particular an inlet pipe, is arranged laterally so that it extends through the mantle into the interior of the muffler. This is problematic in connection with the winding construction, since this laterally arranged pipe can be mounted only after the insertion of the muffler insert. Because to be able to reliably absorb the forces occurring during operation, it is necessary to support the laterally inserted through the jacket tube both on the jacket and on the inner muffler insert. However, this support on the muffler insert is difficult to realize in connection with the winding design due to the reduced accessibility.

From the WO 2006/131165 A1 a muffler of the type mentioned is known. It comprises two end faces facing away from one another, a jacket which is closed in the circumferential direction, at least one muffler insert, at least one inlet pipe and at least one outlet pipe. At least one of the tubes extends through the jacket into the silencer interior. This tube is also attached to the jacket. In the known muffler this pipe is also attached to the muffler insert, by mechanical forming. The attachment of the laterally guided by the jacket pipe on the muffler insert takes place in the known muffler z. Example, in that a Aufweitwerkzeug is introduced into the tube, with which the tube in the region of a bottom of the muffler insert, through which the tube is inserted, is expanded, such that the tube is pressed in a positive fit with the bottom in the radial direction.

From the EP 2 149 687 A1 is a similar muffler known.

The present invention is concerned with the problem of providing a muffler of the type mentioned an improved embodiment, which is characterized in particular by a simplified manufacturability.

This problem is solved according to the invention by the subject matters of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

The invention is based on the general idea, the tube, which projects through the jacket into the silencer interior, at its inner end with a cone which cooperates for supporting the pipe on the muffler insert in the mounted state with a mating cone formed on the muffler insert. The cone which engages with the counter-cone results in a positive-locking movement radially and axially relative to the axial direction of the tube Support between pipe and muffler insert. Both the cone and the counter cone can be realized comparatively easily. Likewise, the positive engagement between the cone and counter cone during assembly can be easily made. In the assembled state results for the laterally mounted pipe sufficient support, namely on the one hand on the jacket and on the other hand on the cooperating with the counter cone cone on the muffler insert. Thus, a sufficient stability for the laterally disposed tube is achieved with inexpensive manufacturability. According to the invention, the counter-cone is formed on an intermediate tube of the muffler insert.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the tube extending into the silencer interior may be mounted such that it is supported on the silencer insert under axial prestress via the cone which is in engagement with the counter-cone. The bias eliminates any play between cone and countercone, which also relative movements between the pipe and muffler insert can be avoided. The support effect for the respective pipe is thereby improved.

According to a special embodiment, the axial preload, with which the pipe is supported on the muffler insert, can be selectively selected so that an axial minimum preload is maintained over the entire expected thermal operating range of the muffler. As a result, in particular thermal expansion effects can be taken into account, so that a sufficient stability for the silencer can be ensured under all operating conditions.

The cone and counter-cone can be so coordinated that the cone intervenes in the counter-cone. The cone can then at least on its outer contour cone segment-shaped or spherical segment be configured. Fits to the counter-cone at least on its inner contour cone segment-shaped or spherical segment-shaped or funnel-shaped. Alternatively, cone and counter-cone can be designed so that the counter-cone engages in the cone. The cone can then be designed at least on its inner contour cone segment-shaped or spherical segment. Fits to the counter-cone can be at least on its outer contour cone segment-shaped or spherical segment-shaped or funnel-shaped. If the cone has a spherical segment-shaped outer contour, in particular positional tolerances that can occur in the context of manufacturing, easily compensate, since the tube then does not have to be mounted exactly coaxial with the counter-cone of the muffler insert to achieve the desired support effect. The same applies to the case that the counter-cone has a spherical segment-shaped outer contour.

Suitably, the intermediate pipe may be arranged in the muffler insert so that it fluidly connects the inlet pipe with the outlet pipe. Optionally, it may be provided to fluidly connect the intermediate pipe to a branch pipe, which opens into a resonance chamber. According to a further development, this resonance space can be fluidly connected to an additional space via at least one connecting pipe, as a result of which, for example, the volume of the resonance space can be significantly increased. Optionally, the additional space may be connected to another pipe, which may be another outlet pipe.

In simple embodiments, which are characterized by a particularly simple mountability, the cone may be formed on an intermediate tube facing the inner end of the tube penetrating the jacket. Likewise, the counter-cone at one of the respective, the coat penetrating Tube facing the end of the intermediate tube may be formed. In another embodiment which allows greater lateral or radial support between the shell penetrating tube and the intermediate tube, the cone may be positioned spaced from the inboard end so that an end portion projecting above the cone exists through the opposing cone the intermediate tube is inserted, or in which the counter cone is inserted. Additionally or alternatively, the counter-cone may be arranged at a distance from the end of the intermediate tube, so that an end section projecting beyond the counter-cone axially engages over the tube passing through the jacket such that the cone is inserted into this end section of the intermediate tube in order to engage in the counter-cone can, or such that this end portion of the intermediate tube is inserted through the cone in the respective tube in order to engage in the cone can.

According to another embodiment, the cone may have a plurality of circumferentially distributed projections, over which the cone is supported on the counter-cone. As a result, positional tolerances and shape tolerances between cone and counter cone can be better compensated. In particular, in the circumferential direction between these projections passages between cone and counter cone remain free. Alternatively, it is also possible to equip the counter-cone with a plurality of circumferentially distributed projections, over which the counter-cone is supported on the cone.

Additionally or alternatively, according to another Ausführunsform be provided that the cone has a plurality of slots distributed in the circumferential direction, which extend axially, which are axially open on one side and which separate a plurality of cone segments in the circumferential direction from each other. By this measure, the cone receives in the region of its cone segments increased radial elasticity, what the mating process for engagement between cone and Counter cone simplified. Additionally or alternatively, the counter-cone may have a plurality of slots distributed in the circumferential direction which extend axially, which are axially open on one side and which separate a plurality of counter-cone segments in the circumferential direction, whereby the counter-cone has an increased radial spring elasticity in the area of the counter-cone segments.

Other important features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims, from the drawings and from the associated figure description with reference to the drawings.

It is understood that the features mentioned above and those yet to be explained below can be used not only in the particular combination given, but also in other combinations or in isolation, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Preferred embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and will be described in more detail in the following description, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar or functionally identical components.

Fig. 1

einen stark vereinfachten Längsschnitt durch einen Schalldämpfer,

Fig. 2 bis 8

Längsschnitte des Schalldämpfers im Bereich eines seitlich ange-ordneten Rohres, bei verschiedenen Ausführungsformen,

Fig. 9

einen Längsschnitt des Schalldämpfers wie in den Fig. 2 bis 8, jedoch bei einer weiteren Ausführungsform,

Fig. 10

einen Querschnitt entsprechend den Schnittlinien X in Fig. 9,

Fig. 11

einen Längsschnitt wie in Fig. 9, jedoch bei einer anderen Ausführungsform,

Fig. 12

einen Querschnitt entsprechend Schnittlinien XII in Fig. 11.

Show, in each case schematically,

Fig. 1

a greatly simplified longitudinal section through a silencer,

Fig. 2 to 8

Longitudinal sections of the muffler in the region of a laterally arranged pipe, in various embodiments,

Fig. 9

a longitudinal section of the muffler as in the Fig. 2 to 8 but in another embodiment,

Fig. 10

a cross section corresponding to the section lines X in Fig. 9 .

Fig. 11

a longitudinal section as in Fig. 9 but in another embodiment,

Fig. 12

a cross section corresponding to section lines XII in Fig. 11 ,

Corresponding Fig. 1 For example, a muffler 1 comprises two end faces 2 facing away from one another, a jacket 3 which is closed in the circumferential direction, at least one muffler insert 4, at least one inlet pipe 5 and at least one outlet pipe 6.

The muffler 1 is provided for installation in an exhaust system, not shown, of an internal combustion engine and can be used in particular in a motor vehicle. Preferably, the silencer 1 is a rear silencer, ie the silencer, which is within the exhaust system with respect. The exhaust gas flow direction of the last traversed silencer before the exhaust gas reaches the tailpipe of the exhaust system, which has the mouth of the exhaust system to the environment. The muffler is particularly advantageously a muffler arranged transversely in the mounted state. In the transverse muffler 1, an axial direction 7 of the muffler 1 extends substantially parallel to a horizontal transverse direction of the vehicle. In order to be able to install the silencer 1 more easily transversely in the vehicle, at least one of the tubes, that is to say at least one inlet tube 5 and / or one outlet tube 6, extends through the jacket 3 into the silencer interior 8. In the example shown, exactly one pipe, namely the inlet pipe 5, extends through the casing 3. Preferably, only a single inlet pipe 5 is provided. In contrast, more than one outlet pipe 6 may be provided. The example of Fig. 1 shows two outlet pipes 6. Although in the following description always only the inlet pipe 5 is the side of the jacket 3 penetrating pipe 5, 6, in another embodiment with opposite flow direction and the Outlet pipe 6, the laterally the jacket 3 penetrating pipe 5, 6 be. Likewise, an embodiment is possible in which both at least one inlet pipe 5 and at least one outlet pipe 6 are arranged laterally and penetrate the jacket 3. Optionally, all the inlet and outlet pipes 5, 6 can be connected laterally to the casing 3.

The inlet pipe 5 is fixed to the jacket 3. In the example, at least one welded joint 9 is provided with which the inlet pipe 5 is fastened to the casing 3. This may be e.g. to act around a circular closed circumferential weld, creating a gas-tight connection is created at the same time. Alternatively, it is also possible e.g. in the manufacture of the muffler 1, the inlet pipe 5 to be fixed by means of at least one welding point or a staple on the jacket 3. When installing the muffler 1 in an exhaust system then a corresponding feed pipe 29 can be connected to the inlet pipe 5. When attaching the feed tube 29 then a circumferential weld can be generated. Preference is then given to the attachment of a three-cut seam, which simultaneously three sheets, so here the inlet tube 5, the jacket 3 and the feed tube 29 connects to each other.

For this purpose, the inlet pipe 5 passes through an opening 17 incorporated laterally into the casing 3. The respective welded connection 9 can be formed at an end face of an outwardly projecting collar 18 which surrounds the opening 17.

In the interior 8, the inlet pipe 5 has a cone 10, which engages with a complementary or complementarily shaped counter-cone 11, which is provided on the muffler insert 4. By this positive engagement between the cone 10 and the counter-cone 11 suitably shaped for the inlet tube 5 with respect. Its tube longitudinal axis 12 results in a radial and axial support on the muffler insert 4. Thus, the inlet tube 5 is supported on the one hand on the jacket 3 and on the other hand, spaced over the engaging cone 11 in the cone 11 on the muffler insert 4. As a result, the inlet tube 5 can absorb moments and support the forces occurring during operation without further notice.

In all examples shown the Fig. 1 to 12 in each case the cone 10 is inserted into the counter-cone 11, so that the cone 10 engages in the counter-cone 11. Basically, however, a reverse design is conceivable in which the cone 10 is attached to the counter-cone 11 and in which the counter-cone 11 is inserted into the cone 10 and therein intervenes. This reverse design is - as far as appropriate - in all embodiments described above and below for the embodiments of cone 10 and counter cone 11 feasible.

It is particularly advantageous if the inlet pipe 5 is mounted in such a way that it is supported on the muffler insert 4 under an axial pretensioning with respect to the pipe longitudinal axis 12. This axial preload is in Fig. 1 indicated by a double arrow and denoted by 13. The axial prestress 13 acts between the muffler insert 4 and the jacket 3 and is transmitted via the inlet pipe 5 between the jacket 3 and the muffler insert 4. In other words, the inlet tube 5 engages with its cone 10 under the axial bias 13 in the counter-cone 11 a.

Preferred is an embodiment in which the axial preload 13 is not chosen arbitrarily, but has a predetermined value. In particular, the axial preload 13 can be deliberately set so large that an axial minimum preload for the entire during operation of the muffler guaranteed to the expected temperature range. The thermal operating range can range in a vehicle application, for example. From -40 ° C to + 500 ° C, if it is a rear silencer.

The cone 10 is expediently integrally formed on the inlet tube 5. For example. The inner end of the inlet tube 5 is converted to produce the cone 10. Basically, however, a built variant is possible.

The counter-cone 11 is formed on an intermediate tube 14 of the muffler insert 4. This intermediate tube 14 is attached here to an intermediate bottom 15 of the muffler insert 4, which is arranged between the two end floors 2.

Suitably, the counter-cone 11 is formed integrally on the intermediate tube 14. Likewise, a built version is possible. Suitably, the intermediate tube 14 is configured so that it is resilient in the region of the mating cone 11 in the tube longitudinal axis 12 resiliently. This resilient compliance facilitates the generation of the axial preload 13. During assembly, the intermediate tube 14 is tensioned like a spring to produce the bias voltage 13. In order to produce a comparatively high bias voltage 13, the intermediate tube 14 is designed with a comparatively high spring rigidity or stability. This can be realized, for example, in that the intermediate tube 14 is curved as in the example shown and is supported on two intermediate floors 15 and 30.

The jacket 3 is formed by winding a sheet metal part. Accordingly, this is a manufactured in the winding construction muffler 1. Eg. can the jacket 3 have a longitudinal fold 16 which is parallel to the Silencer longitudinal axis 7 extends. Suitably, the longitudinal fold 16 is positioned on a side facing away from the inlet pipe 5 side.

At least one of the end floors 2, here in Fig. 1 right end bottom 2, may be part of the muffler insert 4. According to the winding construction of the muffler 1, the muffler insert 4 is axially, that is used parallel to the muffler longitudinal axis 7 and thus the front side in the shell 3. It may be expediently provided to match the outer dimension of the insert 4 and the inner dimension of the shell 3 so that the muffler insert 4 relative to the longitudinal axis of the muffler 7 rests or is held under radial bias on the casing 3.

The respective outlet pipe 6 extends through one of the end floors 2, here by the in Fig. 1 Right end 2 shown on the right, which belongs to the silencer insert 4 in the example. In addition, the respective outlet pipe 6 extends in the example by a further intermediate bottom 31, which is also provided here for positioning and stabilization of the intermediate tube 14. The respective outlet pipe 6 is fastened at least to the end floor 2, for example by means of a welded connection 20 in order to realize a gas-tight connection here as well. The end floors 2 are attached axially to the jacket 3 and inserted therein and fixedly connected to the jacket 2, z. B. with a circumferential fold joint 21st

Corresponding Fig. 1 can the cone 10 in the circumferential direction of the inlet tube 5 annularly supported on the counter-cone 11 is supported. As a result, in each direction, a radial support of the inlet tube 5 on the muffler insert 4 is possible.

As Fig. 1 can be seen, cone 10 and counter-cone 11 are spaced from the jacket 3. This is achieved by a jacket 3 in the tube longitudinal axis 12 spaced positioning of the free pipe 5 facing the end 19 of the intermediate tube 14 relative to the shell 3. Transversely to the tube longitudinal axis 12, the intermediate tube 14 is supported on the shelves 15, 30. In particular, the intermediate tube 14 is arranged approximately centrally in the silencer interior 8, in relation to the tube longitudinal axis 12.

The inlet pipe 5 is axially open, so that the exhaust gas through the cone 10 and through the counter-cone 11 can flow into the intermediate tube 14. In the example, the inlet pipe 5 protrudes through the casing 3 into a space 22 which is formed in the silencer interior 8 with the aid of the silencer insert 4. Said space 22 is bounded laterally by the partitions 15, 30 and by a portion of the shell 3. The partitions 15, 30, 31 may be designed to be gas-permeable or sound-permeable, for example by means of openings or by means of a perforation. In the example shown, one outlet pipe 6 is fluidically connected to the inlet pipe 5 via the intermediate pipe 14 and leads out of the muffler 1. At least one of the exit tubes 6 may have a perforation 23 to communicate with a space 24 formed between the intermediate wall 31 and the adjacent end floor 2. Also, the intermediate wall 31 may, for example by means of a perforation, gas-permeable or sound permeable be designed to increase the volume of the space 24 to the intermediate floor 15, so that, for example, a space 25 formed between the shelves 15 and 31, eg can be used as adsorption.

According to Fig. 1 connects the intermediate pipe 14, the inlet pipe 5 with the one outlet pipe 6. Thus, the exhaust gas can flow directly and thus without much pressure loss, the muffler 1. If - as here - the inlet tube 5 passes through the jacket 3 and the respective outlet pipe 6 passes through one of the end plates 2, the intermediate tube 14 is suitably bent. In the example of Fig. 1 has the intermediate tube 14 a bend of about 90 °. Accordingly, it generates a flow deflection of about 90 °.

The intermediate tube 14 may according to Fig. 1 be fluidly connected to a branch pipe 26. The branch pipe 26 opens into a resonance chamber 32. The resonance chamber 32 is limited in the example by the one intermediate bottom 30 and by the adjacent end bottom 2 axially and circumferentially through the jacket 3. As a result, a Helmholtz resonator is generated. The resonance chamber 32 can now be fluidically connected to the space 25 via at least one connecting pipe 33, which is also referred to below as the additional space 25. To this additional space 25, a further pipe 34 is connected, which in the example is a further outlet pipe 6. Thus, it is possible that exhaust gas from the intermediate pipe 14 via the branch pipe 26, passes through the resonance chamber 32, via the connecting pipe 33 in the additional space 25 and exits via the further outlet pipe 6 and 34 from the muffler 1.

The space 22, which may also be referred to below as the intermediate space 22, may optionally be coupled sound-transmitting to the resonance space 32 and / or to the additional space 25 and / or to the interior of the connection pipe 33 and / or to the interior of the intermediate pipe 14. The respective sound-transmitting connection can be realized for example by means of a perforation 35, which is formed in the intermediate space 30 separating the intermediate space 22 from the resonance space 32. Likewise, such a perforation 35 may be formed in the intermediate space 15 separating the intermediate space 22 from the additional space 25. Likewise, the connecting tube 33 may have such a perforation. Finally, in principle, the intermediate tube 14 may have such a perforation 35.

At low exhaust gas flow rates, the exhaust gas flows largely directly from the inlet pipe 5 via the intermediate pipe 14 to the outlet pipe 6 through the muffler 1. For larger volume flows, an increasing additional exhaust gas flow through the branch pipe 26, the connecting pipe 33 and the other outlet 6 can form.

According to the FIGS. 2 to 12 For the cone 10 and the counter cone 11 different configurations or embodiments can be realized. For example. can the cone 10 according to the FIGS. 2 and 6 to 8 have a cone-segment-shaped outer contour 27. According to the FIGS. 3 to 5 can the outer contour 27 of the cone 10 also be designed spherical segment. Likewise, other shapes for the outer contour 27 are conceivable.

According to the FIGS. 2 and 6 to 8 can the counter-cone 11 have a conical-segment-shaped inner contour 28. At coordinated angles and coaxial alignment of the cone 10 and the counter-cone 11, this results in a particularly intensive planar and annularly closed support of the inlet tube 5 on the intermediate tube 14.

However, the counter-cone 11 can also be a spherical segment-shaped inner contour 28 according to Fig. 4 or a funnel-shaped inner contour 28 according to Fig. 5 exhibit. The funnel-shaped inner contour 28 according to Fig. 5 Characterized in relation to the spherical segment-shaped inner contour 28 Fig. 4 and with respect to the cone-segment-shaped inner contour 28 of the FIGS. 2 and 6 to 8 in that the inner contour 28 has a curved profile which is convex toward the cone 10.

In the embodiments of the FIGS. 3 to 5 meets a cone 10 with spherical segment-shaped outer contour 27 on a cone-segment-shaped inner contour 28 (FIG. Fig. 3 ) or on a spherical segment-shaped inner contour 28 (FIG. Fig. 4 ) or on a funnel-shaped inner contour 28 ( Fig. 5 ) of the counter-cone 11. In these embodiments, it also comes to a circumferentially closed linear contact between cone 10 and counter-cone 11, if no exact coaxial alignment between the cone 10 and counter-cone 11 is present. These embodiments thus make it possible to compensate for manufacturing tolerances. Preferred is the embodiment according to Fig. 3 , in which a spherical segment-shaped outer contour 27 of the cone 10 cooperates with a conical-segment-shaped inner contour 28 of the mating cone 11. This embodiment can be realized comparatively inexpensively.

In the embodiments of the Fig. 1 to 5 and 7 the cone 10 is formed in each case at an inner end of the inlet tube 5. Furthermore, in the embodiments of the Fig. 1 to 6 the counter-cone 11 is formed in each case at an end 19 of the intermediate tube 14 facing the inlet tube 5.

In the embodiments of the 6 and 8 the cone 10 is formed between an inboard end portion 36 of the inlet tube 5 and a portion 37 of the inlet tube 5 fixed to the shell 3. Accordingly, in these embodiments, the cone 10 is positioned at a distance from the inner axial end of the inlet tube 5. The end portion 36, which projects axially beyond the cone 10, forms a plug-in portion which can be inserted into the intermediate tube 14 through the counter-cone 11. In this case, the outer dimension of the end portion 36 and the inner dimension of the intermediate tube 14 may be so matched to each other that sets only a little play or no play or even a press fit. By means of such an end section 36 immersed in the intermediate tube 14, the radial support of the inlet tube 5 can be significantly improved via the intermediate tube 14 on the remaining muffler insert 4.

Additionally or alternatively, it is according to the FIGS. 7 and 8 it is possible to form the counter-cone 11 between an end section 38 of the intermediate tube 14 facing the inlet tube 5 and a section 39 of the intermediate tube 14, via which the intermediate tube 14 is fastened to the silencer insert 4. In other words, the counter-cone 11 is arranged at a distance from the inlet tube 5 facing the end 19 of the intermediate tube 14 in these embodiments. The over the counter-cone 11 axially projecting end portion 38 of the intermediate tube 14 is so measured that it can be plugged onto the inlet tube 5 from the outside. In other words, the inlet tube 5 is inserted with its cone 10 in the end portion 38 of the intermediate tube 14 in order to come into engagement with the mating cone 11. Here, too, the outer dimension of the inlet tube 5 and the inner dimension of the end portion 38 can be adjusted to one another in such a way that a slight radial clearance or no radial clearance or even an interference fit is formed. This measure also leads to a stiffening of the coupling between inlet tube 5 and intermediate tube 14, which improves the radial support of the inlet tube 5 via the intermediate tube 14 on the muffler insert 14.

At the in Fig. 6 In the embodiment shown, only the inlet tube 5 has an end section 36 protruding beyond the cone 10 Fig. 7 In the embodiment shown, only the intermediate tube 14 has an end section 38 protruding beyond the mating cone 11 Fig. 8 In the embodiment shown, both the inlet tube 5 has an end section 36 protruding beyond the cone 10, and the intermediate tube 14 has an end section 38 protruding beyond the countercone 11.

According to the FIGS. 9 and 10 For example, the cone 10 may have a plurality of projections 40 distributed in the circumferential direction, which protrude outward in relation to the remaining outer contour 27. About these projections 40, the cone 10 is supported at the counter cone 11 from. In particular, through openings 41 can thereby form in the circumferential direction between the projections 40. In the example, exactly four such projections 40 are provided by way of example only, which are also arranged distributed symmetrically in the circumferential direction. It will be understood that there are at least three such protrusions 40, with the number of protrusions 40 being suitably limited to fifteen or ten. Alternatively, it is also possible to provide the counter-cone 11 with such projections, which then protrude inward on the inner contour 28.

According to the FIGS. 11 and 12 may be formed according to another option on the cone 10 a plurality of circumferentially spaced slots 42 which each extend axially and which are each open on one side and divide the cone 10 in the circumferential direction into a plurality of cone segments 43. In other words, the slots 42 separate the cone segments 43 from each other in the circumferential direction. This gives the cone 10 within the cone segments 43 increased radial resilience. As a result, an improved support can be realized. Additionally or alternatively, the mating cone 11 may also be provided with such slots distributed in the circumferential direction, extending axially, axially open on one side, and dividing the mating cone 11 in the circumferential direction into a plurality of mating cone segments. In the example of FIGS. 11 and 12 are formed without restriction of generality exactly four such slots 42, which are also arranged symmetrically distributed. It is clear that more or less than four such slots 42 can be realized.

The above with reference to the Fig. 9 to 12 presented measures can be combined with each other, so that, for example, a projection 40 may be arranged in the circumferential direction between two adjacent slots 42 on the respective cone segment 43. Furthermore, the in the Fig. 9 until 12 presented measures with the in the Fig. 2 to 8 combine presented configurations.

The projections 40 and the slots 42 simplify tolerance compensation and improve the support effect between the cone 10 and the counter-cone 11.

• Zunächst wird der jeweilige Schalldämpfereinsatz 4 stirnseitig, also parallel zur Schalldämpferlängsachse 7 in den Mantel 3 eingeschoben. Anschließend wird das Einlassrohr 5 seitlich in die Öffnung 17 des Mantels 3 eingesteckt, und zwar soweit, bis der Konus 10 und der Gegenkonus 11 miteinander in Eingriff stehen. Anschließend wird das Einlassrohr 5 am Mantel 3 befestigt.

The silencer 1 presented here can preferably be produced as follows:

• First, the respective muffler insert 4 is inserted into the shell 3 on the face side, ie parallel to the muffler longitudinal axis 7. Subsequently, the inlet tube 5 is inserted laterally into the opening 17 of the jacket 3, and indeed until the cone 10 and the counter-cone 11 are engaged with each other. Subsequently, the inlet pipe 5 is fixed to the jacket 3.

Preferably, the inlet tube 5 is inserted as far as through the opening 17 in the muffler interior 8 before attaching the inlet tube 5 on the jacket 3, until the inlet tube 5 via the engaging with the mating cone 11 cone 10 with the axial bias 13, in particular with the predetermined axial preload 13, is supported on the muffler insert 4. The attachment of the inlet pipe 5 on the jacket 3, ie in particular the attachment of the welded joint 9, then takes place with maintained axial prestress 13, that is, while the inlet pipe 5 is axially prestressed supported on the muffler insert 4. As a result, the previously, in particular targeted, applied bias 13 can be preserved.

Claims (13)

1. A silencer for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, in particular of a motor vehicle,

   - with two end bottoms (2) at the face end facing away from one another,

   - with a closed circumferential shell (3) in circumferential direction,

   - with at least one silencer insert (4),

   - with at least one inlet pipe (5),

   - with at least one outlet pipe (6), wherein at least one of the pipes (5, 6) extends through the shell (3) into the silencer interior (8) and is fastened to the shell (3),
   characterized

   - in that the pipe (5, 6) extending through the shell (3) has a cone (10),

   - in that the silencer insert (4) has an intermediate pipe (14), which has a mating cone (11),

   - in that cone (10) and mating cone (11) engage into one another.
2. The silencer according to Claim 1, characterized in that the pipe (5, 6) extending through the shell (3) is attached so that it is supported on the silencer insert (4) via the cone (10) interacting with the mating cone (11) subject to axial preload (13).
3. The silencer according to Claim 2, characterized in that the respective pipe (5, 6) supports itself on the silencer insert (4) under a predetermined axial preload (13), which can in particular be selected so that over the entire thermal operating range of the silencer (1) to be expected, an axial minimum preload is retained.
4. The silencer according to any one of the Claims 1 to 3, characterized

   - in that the cone (10) engages into the mating cone (11) or vice versa, and/or

   - in that the cone (10) has a cone segment-shaped or spherical segment-shaped outer contour (27) or inner contour, and/or

   - in that the mating cone (11) has a cone segment-shaped or spherical segment-shaped or funnelshaped inner contour (28) or outer contour, and/or

   - in that the mating cone (11) is formed complementarily to the cone (10).
5. The silencer according to any one of the Claims 1 to 4, characterized

   - in that the cone (10) is integrally moulded on the respective pipe (5, 6), and/or

   - in that the mating cone (11) is integrally moulded on the intermediate pipe (14).
6. The silencer according to any one of the Claims 1 to 5, characterized

   - in that the intermediate pipe (14) is configured and/or attached so that it resiliently yields in the region of the mating cone (11) parallel to the longitudinal axis (12) of the pipe (5, 6) comprising the cone (10) and/or

   - in that the intermediate pipe (14) is bent and creates a flow deflection of 90°.
7. The silencer according to any one of the Claims 1 to 6, characterized

   - in that the intermediate pipe (14) fluidically connects the inlet pipe (5) to the outlet pipe (6), and/or

   - in that the intermediate pipe (14) is fluidically connected to a branch-off pipe (26), which opens into a resonance chamber (32), and/or

   - in that the resonance chamber (32) is fluidically connected to an additional chamber (25) via at least one connecting pipe (33), and/or

   - in that the additional chamber (25) is fluidically connected to a further pipe (34), which can likewise be an outlet pipe (6), and/or

   - in that the intermediate pipe (14) and/or the additional chamber (25) and/or the resonance chamber (32) and/or the connecting pipe (33) is/are connected to an intermediate chamber (22) into which the pipe (5, 6) penetrating the shell (3) projects in a sound-transmitting manner.
8. The silencer according to any one of the Claims 1 to 7, characterized

   - in that the cone (10) is formed on an end of the pipe (5, 6) penetrating the shell (3) located inside or is formed between an end portion (36) located inside of the pipe (5, 6) penetrating the shell (3) and a portion (37) of said pipe (5, 6) which is fastened to the casing, wherein it can be provided in particular that the end portion (36) through the mating cone (11) dips into the intermediate pipe (14) or that the mating cone (11) is inserted into this end portion (36), and/or

   - in that the mating cone (11) is formed on an end (19) of the intermediate pipe (14) facing the respective pipe (5, 6) or is formed between an end portion (38) of the intermediate pipe (14) facing the respective pipe (5, 6) and a portion (39) of the intermediate pipe (14) fastened on the silencer insert (4), wherein it can be provided in particular that the cone (10) is inserted into this end portion (38) and/or in that this end portion (38) through the cone (10) dips into the respective pipe (5, 6).
9. The silencer according to any one of the Claims 1 to 8, characterized

   - in that the shell (3) is formed by wrapping a sheet metal part, and/or

   - in that the shell (3) has a longitudinal fold (16), which is located in particular on a side facing away from the pipe (5, 6) penetrating the shell (3), and/or

   - in that at least one of the end bottoms (2) forms a part of a silencer insert (4), and/or

   - in that the silencer insert (4) is inserted into the shell (3) on the face end, and/or

   - in that the shell (3) abuts the silencer insert (4) in a preloaded manner, and/or

   - in that at least one other one of the pipes (5, 6) extends through one of the end bottoms (2) and is fastened on the end bottom (2).
10. The silencer according to any one of the Claims 1 to 9, characterized

    - in that the cone (10) supports itself in circumferential direction of the respective pipe (5, 6) in an annularly closed manner, and/or

    - in that the cone (10) and the mating cone (11) are spaced from the shell (3), and/or

    - in that the respective pipe (5, 6) is fluidically connected through the cone (10) and through the mating cone (11) to the silencer interior (8), in particular to a chamber (22) that is formed through the silencer insert (4) in the silencer interior.
11. The silencer according to any one of the Claims 1 to 10, characterized

    - in that the cone (10) has multiple protrusions (14) arranged distributed in circumferential direction, via which the cone (10) is supported on the mating cone (11), so that passage openings (41) between cone (10) and mating cone (11) in particular in circumferential direction between the projections (40) remain clear, and/or

    - in that the mating cone (11) has multiple projections which are arranged distributed in circumferential direction, via which the mating cone (11) is supported on the cone (10), so that in particular in circumferential direction between the projections, passage openings remain clear between cone (10) and mating cone (11), and/or

    - in that the cone (10) has multiple slits (42) arranged distributed in circumferential direction, which extend axially, which are axially open on one side and which in circumferential direction separate multiple cone segments (43) from one another, and/or

    - in that the mating cone (11) has multiple slits distributed in circumferential direction, which extend axially, which are axially open on one side and which in circumferential direction separate multiple mating cone segments from one another.
12. A method for producing a silencer (1) for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, in particular of a motor vehicle,

    - in which at least one silencer insert (4) is inserted at the face end into a shell (3) that is circumferentially closed in circumferential direction,

    - in which at least one pipe (5, 6) is inserted laterally into an opening (17) of the shell (3) until a cone (10) on the preceding end of the pipe (5, 6) and a mating cone (11) formed on an intermediate pipe (14) of the silencer insert (4) engage into one another,

    - in which the respective pipe (5, 6) is fastened on the shell (3).
13. The method according to Claim 12, characterized

    - in that the respective pipe (5, 6) is inserted so far that the pipe (5, 6) via the cone (10) interacting with the mating cone (11) is supported on the silencer insert (4) with axial preload (13),

    - in that the respective pipe (5, 6) is fastened on the jacket (3), while it is supported axially preloaded on the silencer insert (4).

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