EP2373852B1 - Foldable form panel block for building walls - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a collapsible boulder block for the construction of walls, intended to replace the traditional rubble.

Traditionally the boulder blocks, generally called "rubble" are made individually of construction material, such as cement, brick or other agglomerated materials, and comprise two vertical walls, longitudinal and parallel, and several transverse partitions defining vertical cells capable of receive a packing material, such as cement, concrete or earth, reinforced or not by reinforcement.

For the construction of a wall, blocks on pallets are brought close to the construction site, then are taken manually one by one to be aligned in superimposed rows, with a shift of half a block from one row to another .

Each block is monolithic and is limited in size by its own mass, of the order of 20 to 22 kilograms, since it must be handled manually and repeatedly by natural persons, between its place of manufacture and a place of construction of a wall. Moreover, due to their parallelepipedal shape, determined and definitive, the blocks needed for a construction must be provided on several pallets, and therefore require, for their transport, heavy vehicles, such as trucks or vans, and for handling loaded pallets, lifting equipment, such as forklift.

These various constraints limit their use by individuals wishing to build themselves a fence wall, a house or swimming pool.

An object of the invention is to provide a block to bancher having, before its use to build a wall, on the one hand, a lower mass, so as to limit the effort required for its handling, and, secondly, less space, to limit its storage and transport volume, while ensuring during construction, the same functions as a block or rubble usual and providing greater adaptability to the needs of construction.

• ■ une configuration repliée de stockage et de transport, dans laquelle les éléments de charnière sont repliés l'un contre l'autre, et le bloc à bancher a une largeur minimale, sensiblement égale à la somme des épaisseurs de ses parois,
• ■ une configuration de travail, dans laquelle les éléments de charnières sont dans l'alignement l'un de l'autre, le bloc à bancher présente sa largeur maximale et ses parois longitudinales peuvent être superposées à celles d'un bloc déjà posé,
• ■ et diverses configurations intermédiaires dans laquelle, les éléments de paroi ne sont pas à leur écartement maximal, par exemple pour former des parois moins larges.

We know by the document US2004 / 0103609 a foldable folding block whose assembly with blocks, identical or similar, makes it possible to form insulating walls by juxtaposition in rows and superposition of these rows. Each block is composed of two vertical walls, longitudinal and parallel, spaced and connected to each other by transverse hinges in two elements, the latter being articulated to one another, by a vertical hinge and on the walls by other vertical joints. Because of this structure each block can have several configurations:

• A folded storage and transport configuration, in which the hinge elements are folded against each other, and the bending block has a minimum width, substantially equal to the sum of the thicknesses of its walls,
• ■ a working configuration, in which the hinge elements are in alignment with each other, the bending block has its maximum width and its longitudinal walls can be superimposed on those of an already laid block,
• And various intermediate configurations in which the wall elements are not at their maximum spacing, for example to form narrower walls.

The relative positioning of the blocks is ensured by engagement of longitudinal grooves, opening downwards and the lower edge of each wall, on ribs projecting upwards from the upper edge of each longitudinal wall.

The folding of the block makes it possible to reduce but requires many manipulations, on the one hand, to mount the rigid plastic hinge elements on the inserts on the foam walls of the block and, on the other hand, to implement places the many axes of articulation between the hinge elements and the walls.

Moreover, the positioning of the blocks by cooperation of ribs and grooves ensures only a wedge in transverse translation and does not make a positive connection between the blocks. As a result of this construction, when casting the filler material, some blocks can slide longitudinally forming intervals through which the packing material can escape.

A second object of the invention is to provide blocks of low unitary mass but which, during the construction of a wall, can be linked to their neighbors. both longitudinally and vertically, to form a monolithic assembly, rigid and resistant, in particular the efforts resulting from the casting of the lining material and not requiring stamping.

The invention therefore relates to a foldable block whose longitudinal walls are connected by hinged elements hinged vertically, these walls can thus take several configurations respectively, storage, working and intermediate.

According to the invention, each of the two longitudinal walls of the block is made by rigid plastic molding, is surrounded by an angled turn facing inwards and comprises, on the one hand and in its longitudinal parts, respectively, lower or upper , and, on the other hand and on the vertical edge of one of its ends, a rabbet of section V or U whose opening is turned towards the outside, this rabbet being suitable, when the block is brought into work configuration, to cap the bent return another block already laid, to ensure the connection with the other block, that it is juxtaposed in the same row or in the row underlying.

Thanks to this, from its installation next to another block, each block is mechanically linked to its neighbors and forms a monolithic wall rigid, indémontable and indeformable. This arrangement guarantees the resistance of the block row and allows it to resist without deformation during a possible reinforcement and during the casting of a filling material, such as concrete, concrete and hemp, concrete and vermiculite, raw earth , rammed earth, lime, straw or wood chips. So,

Moreover and because of its rigid plastic molding, the block is much lighter than the current blocks, and for example for a standard block of 500 X 250 x 200 millimeters weighs 1.4 kilograms, instead of 22 kilograms.

In addition, the hinges that connect the walls of each block, can store the blocks in the folded state and, for example, to stack 120 on a standard pallet, forming a stack having a height of 1.20 meters and a mass of 160 kilograms. This quantity of blocks, which makes it possible to make a wall having a surface of 15 m ² , can easily be transported by a personal vehicle, thus without having recourse to a truck and a lifting trolley, which increases the possibilities of use of the block by individuals.

The lightness of a block according to the invention facilitates its handling on the site, as well as its positioning on the row of blocks placed and its intermediate position, to align its locking means with those of neighboring blocks. On the construction site of a wall, this lightness also facilitates the spacing of the walls of the block to ensure, by the interpenetration of the wedging means, the mechanical connection of the edges of the block with those of the already laid blocks and already in position working.

In one embodiment and advantageously, the hinge elements are removable, interchangeable and selected in a series of elements differing in their vertical and transverse dimensions and their wall, perforated or full.

Thus, by the simple combination of standard longitudinal walls with appropriate hinge elements, it is possible to obtain a multitude of blocks differing in their width, their ability to accommodate various filling materials and / or thermal insulation and sound.

In one embodiment of the invention, each of the longitudinal walls of the block comprises, in its thickness, hooking openings, for example buttonhole-shaped, able to receive complementary hooking means arranged on the back of the block. insulation plates, each consisting of either a wall with vertical channels or a solid wall on which an insulating liner is plated.

In this way, the same block can receive insulating plates, whose thermal and / or sound insulation capacity, outwards and inwards, is adapted to the needs of the construction and can even be modified later. by exchanging plates attached to the blocks.

In another particular embodiment, the hinge elements extend vertically only on the lower part of the bending block, to form, in its upper internal part, a reinforcement receiving space reinforcing the bending blocks aligned on the same wall opening to form lintel formwork.

Such a block is substituted for studs, eliminates the use of lintels banchages and keeps the filling material in a protective envelope supporting all biological coatings.

• ■ une face plane, parallèle à la face dont il faut assurer l'obturation et ayant les mêmes dimensions que cette face,
• ■ deux retours coudés longitudinaux venant dans le prolongement des parois longitudinales de l'élément de construction, et
• ■ des ailettes de calage saillant à l'intérieur de la plaque, à partir de chaque retour coudé et en direction du retour en vis-à-vis, ces ailettes étant aptes à être engagées dans les feuillures en V du bloc à obturer.

Preferably, in this application to the formwork, each bending block cooperates with plates which, capable of closing its bottom and / or at least one of its end faces, comprise:

• A flat face, parallel to the face which must be sealed and having the same dimensions as this face,
• Two longitudinal bends coming in the extension of the longitudinal walls of the construction element, and
• ■ wedging fins protruding inside the plate, from each return bent and towards the return vis-à-vis, these fins being adapted to be engaged in V rabbets of the block to be closed.

Finally, and according to a very advantageous characteristic of the invention, the components of the boulder block, and in particular its longitudinal walls, its transverse partitions forming hinges, its closure plates and at least the core of its insulating elements, are made by compression injection of a polypropylene mixture with a proportion of 60 to 80% by weight of a fibrous material, such as sawdust.

Thanks to this composition, all the components are at the same time resistant and light, while being ecological.

• Figures 1, 2 et 3 sont des vues en perspectives d'une forme d'exécution du bloc lorsqu'il est, respectivement, en position de travail, en position de prémontage et en position de stockage et de transport ;
• Figure 4 est une vue partielle en perspective, vue par l'intérieur, de la paroi du bloc des figures précédente, montrant en détail la structure d'une forme de réalisation des charnières ;
• Figure 5 est une vue en perspective d'un tronçon de mur formé par alignement et superposition de blocs à bancher, selon l'invention ;
• Figure 6 est une vue de face en bout de deux rangées de blocs, avec le bloc supérieur en position de prémontage,
• Figure 7 est une vue partielle en plan par-dessus et à échelle agrandie montant deux blocs en cours d'assemblage,
• Figure 8 est une vue à échelle très agrandie de la section VIII à la figure 6 montrant l'interpénétration d'une languette dans une feuillure ;
• Figures 9 à 12 sont des vues de face en élévation de plusieurs formes de réalisation d'éléments de charnières ;
• Figures 13 à 14 sont des vues en perspectives montant deux formes d'exécution de blocs isolants ;
• Figure 15 est une vue en perspective du coffrage de linteau formé par plusieurs blocs à bancher ;
• Figure 16 est une vue partielle, en perspective et à échelle agrandie, montrant l'un des blocs de figure 15 équipé d'une paroi de fond ;
• Figure 17 est une vue en perspective d'un tronçon de paroi courbe, formée par des blocs à parois courbes.

Other features and advantages will emerge from the description which follows, with reference to the appended schematic drawing, showing several embodiments of this block to bancher and wherein:

• Figures 1, 2 and 3 are perspective views of an embodiment of the block when it is, respectively, in the work position, in the pre-assembly position and in the storage and transport position;
• Figure 4 is a partial perspective view, seen from the inside, of the wall of the block of the preceding figures, showing in detail the structure of an embodiment of the hinges;
• Figure 5 is a perspective view of a section of wall formed by alignment and superposition of bending blocks, according to the invention;
• Figure 6 is a front end view of two rows of blocks, with the upper block in pre-assembly position,
• Figure 7 is a partial plan view over and on an enlarged scale of two blocks being assembled,
• Figure 8 is a greatly enlarged view of section VIII at figure 6 showing the interpenetration of a tongue in a rabbet;
• Figures 9 to 12 are front elevation views of several embodiments of hinge elements;
• Figures 13 to 14 are perspective views of two forms of execution of insulating blocks;
• Figure 15 is a perspective view of the lintel formwork formed by several boulder blocks;
• Figure 16 is a partial view, in perspective and on an enlarged scale, showing one of the blocks of figure 15 equipped with a bottom wall;
• Figure 17 is a perspective view of a curved wall section formed by curved walled blocks.

In this drawing, reference numeral 2 designates the longitudinal walls of a block, 3 and 4 the hinge elements constituting the transverse partitions. Each of these elements 2 to 4, as well as those relating to them, are obtained independently of each other and by molding a rigid plastic material.

In one embodiment, the various components of the blocks are molded in a polypropylene blend comprising a proportion by weight of the order of 60 to 80% of a fibrous material, such as sawdust, and of Preferably, they are obtained by compression molding, making it possible to obtain reduced thicknesses, even in the presence of a higher viscosity of the material than with the uncharged materials.

As shown in detail in figure 4 , each of the longitudinal walls 2 is formed by a core 2a surrounded by an inwardly bent return, respectively upper longitudinal 5a, lower longitudinal 5b, vertical 5c and vertical 5d.

In the embodiment shown in detail at this figure 4 the returns, respectively, horizontal 5b and vertical 5d are each associated with a fin 6 to form a rabbet 7 of section V or U, facing outwards and adapted to receive or cap the hooking tongues formed by the returns, respectively, horizontal 5a of the wall of a block of the underlying and vertical row 5c of the wall of a juxtaposed block of the row in progress.

The core 2a of each wall 2 is traversed by hooking openings 8 which, in the shape of a buttonhole, are arranged with the same spacing near its edges, respectively, upper and lower. The Figures 1 to 3 show that each wall 2 has on its outer face vertical grooves 19 which, forming breakable thinning, mark the sectioning areas of the block to adapt its length to the need of the construction. In the example shown, the grooves are three in number per wall and disposed midway of the block and near its ends, but their number and distribution may be different.

The web 2a of the wall also has, projecting from its inwardly facing face, vertical ribs 9 which, constituting axes of pivoting, are connected to it by material bridges 10 separated by vertical spaces 12. the embodiment shown in the drawing, each wall 2 comprises three axes 9, but according to the embodiments this number may be different and vary from 1 to 5. The cross section of this axis, which is shown with a T-shape may have any other form in a circular envelope.

The axes 9 serve for the articulation of the elements 3 and 4 of hinges which each have, on their outwardly facing edge, a superposition of hooks C 13 able to snap onto the axis 9 in the spaces 12 Each hook 13 is separated from its neighbors by a space 14 having a height equal to the functional clearance, to that of a bridge of material 10 linking an axis 9 to the wall 2.

The articulation one on the other of the hinge elements 3 and 4 is also ensured by a removable hinge comprising on the inner edge of one of the elements, for example that 3, an alternation of hooks 15, separated by spaces 16, and on the inner edge of the other element, for example 4, alternating sections of cylindrical axes 17 adapted to receive a hook 15. The sections 17 are separated by cylindrical sections 18 which, of larger diameter that they, ensure their connection with the edge of the element, while moving away from this edge by forming spaces for the passage of the hooks.

It is obvious that this mode of articulation removable, although particularly interesting, can be replaced by any other, provided that are preserved the interchangeability and large angle of movement between elements, between 0 and 180 degrees, to give the block the storage configuration and transport, shown at figure 3 , and the working configuration shown in the figure 1 .

• ceux 3 et 4 des figures 4 et 9, comportant des lumières internes 20 facilitant le passage du matériau de remplissage,
• ceux 3a et 4a de la figure 10, présentant des parois pleines pour mieux retenir le matériau de remplissage,
• et ceux 3b et 4b de la figure 11, ne s'étendant verticalement que sur une partie de la hauteur d'un bloc pour former, dans une rangée de bloc, un logement 22 de réception d'un ferraillage.

The Figures 9 to 12 show that the interchangeability allows, during the assembly of the components of a block, to mount between two standard walls 2, different hinge elements selected from a series of elements, for example:

• those 3 and 4 of figures 4 and 9 , having internal lumens 20 facilitating the passage of the filling material,
• those 3a and 4a of the figure 10 , having solid walls to better retain the filling material,
• and those 3b and 4b of the figure 11 , extending vertically only over a portion of the height of a block to form, in a block row, a housing 22 for receiving a reinforcement.

The figure 12 shows that the hinge elements 3c and 4c can also be differentiated by their length to give the block different widths, this feature can be combined with the previous as needed. Thus, by assembling the same walls 2 with different hinge elements, it is possible to obtain a very large range of blocks perfectly adapted to the needs of the constructions envisaged. The use of walls 2 longer and / or higher, further increases the possibilities of the range, without this has great consequences on the mass of the blocks and the efforts that must be made to handle them, as it would be the case with traditional blocks.

When the components of a block are assembled, the hinge elements 3 and 4 are folded against each other, as shown in FIG. figure 2 , until the two walls 2 are against each other and give the block a thickness substantially equal to that of the two walls.

To allow this reduction in size, the hinge elements 3 and 4 have a height less than the distance between the returns 5a and 5b of the wall 2, returns between which these elements are embedded.

To avoid that, during stacking, the mass of the stacked blocks deteriorates the lowest blocks, each wall still has, projecting from its inner face several transverse studs 23, visible figure 4 , and whose 9 ends are at least at the edge of the bent returns and are adapted to bear against the ends of the tenons of the opposite wall 2 of the same block.

To make a wall, composed for example, as shown in figure 5 , a row of blocks B1, B2 and B3, on which is built another row formed by a block B4, it is necessary to take from the stock a block B5 having its hinges in the folded state, then remove the hinges for bring the block into the pre-assembly configuration shown in figure 2 , 5, 6 and 7 . This configuration allows the mason to longitudinally position the block B5 in contact with the end face of the block B4 and to position transversely the same block B5, so that its vertical median plane is substantially in the longitudinal and vertical median plane of the rows of blocks. posed. So, as shown in figure 8 , the lower rabbets 7 of the block B5 are vis-à-vis but without contact of the hooking tabs constituted by the returns 5a of the lower block B3, while, as shown in FIG. figure 7 the vertical rebates 7 of the block B5 are vis-à-vis but without contact vertical locking tabs formed by the vertical returns 5c of the block B4.

In this way, when the walls 2 are spaced to bring the block B5 in its working position and in its greater width, the rabbets 7 cover the tongues and ensure the connection of the block B5 with the blocks B3 and B4 already laid. This connection is made on two vertical edges and two horizontal edges and is locked by the hinge elements which are in alignment with each other. The implementation of the next element and the two upper elements based on the block B5, bind the last 4 edges with these blocks.

It is thus possible to form a monolithic assembly resistant and not at risk of deformation or disassembly locally under the forces that are communicated to him during the establishment of the reinforcement and casting of the lining material, such as cement, concrete , concrete and hemp, concrete and pouring vermiculite, raw earth, rammed earth, lime, straw, wood chips, and other materials chosen according to the preferred thermal and / or sound insulation characteristics.

The monolithic nature of the wall, also allows, before filling it and without danger of separation of the blocks, to pass in the vertical channels, formed by superposition of the blocks, the various networks of a building, such as, cold water and hot water, electricity, computer, sound system ......

The Figures 13 and 14 show that each block can receive, on one of its faces or on each of its outer faces, a thermal and / or phonic insulating doubling, during the assembly of its components or after construction of a wall. Each dubbing has a length and height equal to those of a block.

To the figure 13 each lining is constituted by a plastic panel 30 and double wall, wherein vertical ribs 31 define vertical channels 32 containing air and providing insulation.

To the figure 14 , the doubling is composed of a solid plate 33 of plastic material against which is fixed a panel 34 of insulating material, such as polyurethane foam, polystyrene, or other insulating material.

Each panel 30 and plate 33 has attachment means 35 which, projecting from its face to be applied against a block, have shapes complementary to those of the buttonholes 8 so as to be hooked thereon.

Furthermore, each panel 30, each plate 33 and each insulating panel 34 has, in its outer face, vertical grooves 36 for cutting to adjust its length to that of the block.

• une paroi plane 41, dont la largeur et la longueur correspondent à celles d'un bloc,
• des retours coudés longitudinaux 42,
• et des ailettes de calage 43, saillant à l'intérieur de la plaque à partir de chaque retour 42.

The form of execution shown to Figures 15 and 16 relates to the production of a lintel formwork C with blocks B according to the invention. Each block conforms to that of the figure 11 , that is to say has hinge elements 3b and 4b delimiting an upper housing 22 to house the reinforcing bars and other reinforcing reinforcement. The bottom of each block B forming the envelope of the lintel is closed by a bottom plate 40 comprising, as shown in detail in FIG. figure 16 :

• a flat wall 41 whose width and length correspond to those of a block,
• longitudinal bend returns 42,
• and wedging vanes 43 protruding inside the plate from each return 42.

When each block B, then resting on a support board disposed in the opening T whose lintel is to be formed, is brought into the configuration of working by spacing its longitudinal walls 2, its rabbets 7, lower and longitudinal, cap the wedge fins 43 of the bottom, at the same time as the vertical rabbets 7 of its end faces 7 come to cap the vertical returns 5c of the face at the end of block B already laid.

In the same way, the lateral face of the end block of each row of blocks B bordering the opening T is closed by a tip plate 50 similar to the bottom plate 40, that is to say having a solid plate, lateral bends and spacing fins capable of cooperating with the vertical rabbets 7 or vertical bent returns 5c blocks, but differs from the plate 40 by its length, which corresponds to the height of a block and not to its length.

Again, the outer face of each of the bottom plates 40 has grooves 44 marking the areas to split it.

The figure 15 shows well that the bottom plates 40 and the end plates 50 not only close the formwork by preventing the filling material from escaping its casting, but also contribute to the finishing of the frame of the opening constituting supports that can receive any coating or reportable elements of facing.

Finally and as shown in figure 17 , the longitudinal walls 102a and 102b of each block may, while remaining parallel, be bent in a circular arc of concentric radii to form circular walls. The transverse partitions, always formed by hinge elements 3 and 4 chosen from a series of different elements, can be 1 to 5 per block, depending on the length of the latter.

• déplacements de ses parois longitudinales, procurant dans le sens de leur rapprochement, une pliabilité facilitant son stockage et son empilage sur palette, et, dans le sens de leur éloignement, le crochetage sur les blocs voisins,
• légèreté, réduisant les efforts physiques devant être effectué lors de ses manipulations,
• tolérances plus étroites, tant lors de sa fabrication que dans la construction d'un mur ou d'un coffrage,
• adaptabilité aux besoins du chantier, tant dans ses dimensions, en particulier de sa largeur pouvant varier de 150 à 500 millimètres, que dans la nature de ses cloisons transversales, pleines ou ajourées, haute ou à mi hauteur, que dans ses caractéristiques d'isolation thermique et/ou phonique et que dans le choix de son matériau de remplissage,
• suppression de tout mortier ou colle de liaison entre blocs répartis en rangées superposées, d'où suppression des risques de fissurage aux joints,
• réduction et allègement des structures de soutien nécessaires à sa pose, en particulier suppression de tout étampage et colombage pour les bétons légers.

It follows from the foregoing description that the deck block according to the invention provides many advantages over existing blocks:

• displacements of its longitudinal walls, providing in the sense of their approximation, a pliability facilitating its storage and pallet stacking, and, in the sense of their distance, the hooking on the neighboring blocks,
• lightness, reducing the physical efforts to be made during its handling,
• narrower tolerances, both during manufacture and in the construction of a wall or formwork,
• adaptability to the needs of the building site, both in its dimensions, in particular its width which can vary from 150 to 500 millimeters, as in the nature of its transversal partitions, solid or perforated, high or half height, than in its insulation characteristics thermal and / or phonic and that in the choice of its filling material,
• removal of any mortar or bonding adhesive between blocks distributed in superimposed rows, thereby eliminating the risk of cracking at the joints,
• reduction and lightening of support structures necessary for its installation, in particular suppression of all stamping and studding for lightweight concrete.

Claims (8)

1. Collapsible shuttering block for building walls by assembling it with identical or similar blocks, this block B comprising two longitudinal and parallel vertical walls (2), connected by hinges, the hinge elements (3, 4) of which are articulated to one another and to the walls (2) by vertical pins, so as to give the block various configurations including:

   • a collapsed, storage and transport configuration in which the hinge elements (3, 4) are folded against one another and the shuttering block B has a minimum width,

   • a work configuration, in which the shuttering block has its maximum width,

   • and an intermediate configuration in which the wall elements (2) are not at their maximum spacing, but can rest on the shuttering blocks beneath (B2 and B3), to make relative positioning of the block (B5) with respect to those that have already been laid (B2, B3 and B4) easier, before the block is brought into its work position,

   characterized in that each of the two longitudinal walls (2) of the block is produced by molding in a rigid plastic, is surrounded by a bent return (5a, 5b, 5c and 5d), facing towards the inside, and comprises, on the one hand and in its respectively lower (5b) or upper (5a) longitudinal part and, on the other hand, on the vertical edge of one of its ends, a V-section or U-section rebate (7), the opening of which faces outwards, this rebate being able, when the block is brought into the work configuration, to fit over the bent return (5b or 5c) of another block that has already been laid, to provide the connection with this other block, whether this block is juxtaposed with it in the same course or in the course below.
2. Shuttering block according to Claim 1, characterized in that the hinge elements (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) are dismantleable, interchangeable and chosen from a series of elements that differ in terms of their vertical and transverse dimensions and in terms of their wall, open-worked or solid.
3. Shuttering block according to Claim 1, characterized in that each of the hinge elements (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) comprises, on its outer vertical edge intended to be articulated to the wall (2) of the shuttering block, a superposition of C-shaped hooks (13) capable of clipping elastically onto a vertical pin (9) held spaced away from said wall (2) by bridges of material (10), these bridges being vertically spaced from one another thereby forming, between the wall and the vertical pin, passages (12) to accept the hooks (13).
4. Shuttering block according to Claim 1, characterized in that, in each hinge, one of the elements (3) comprises, on its inner vertical edge used for articulating it to the other element (4), an alternation of vertically-spaced C-shaped hooks (15), while the other element (4) has, on its inner vertical edge, superposed and spaced-apart cylindrical-pin sections (17) each able to receive a hook (15) of the other element (3), these pin sections (17) alternating vertically with bridges of material (18) of a greater diameter than them which connect them to the edge of the element while at the same time holding them away from this edge.
5. Shuttering block according to Claim 1, characterized in that the hinge elements (3b, 4b) extend vertically over only the lower part of the shuttering block in order, in the internal upper part thereof, to form a space (22) to receive the reinforcing steels that reinforce the shuttering blocks B that are aligned on one and the same wall opening T in order to form the formwork for a lintel.
6. Shuttering block according to Claim 1, characterized in that each of the longitudinal walls (2) comprises in its thickness attachment slots (8), for example in the shape of buttonhole slots, able to receive complementary catching means (35) projecting from insulation panels (30) and insulation sheets (33), the former being made up of a wall (30) with internal and vertical cavities (32), and the latter being made up of a solid wall (33) to which an insulating lining (34) is firmly applied.
7. Shuttering block according to Claim 1, characterized in that it collaborates with plates (40 and 50, respectively) which, capable respectively of closing off its bottom and at least one of its ends, comprise:

   • a solid wall (41), parallel to the face that is to be shut off and having the same dimensions as this face,

   • two longitudinal bent returns (42), and

   • wedging fins (43), projecting into the plate, from each bent return (42) and towards the return opposite, these fins being able to fit into the rebates (7) of the block that is to be closed off.
8. Shuttering block according to Claim 1, characterized in that its components, and particularly its longitudinal walls (2), its hinge-forming transverse partitions (3, 4), its closure plates (40 and 50) and at least the wall of its insulating elements (30 and 33), are produced by compression injection molding of a mixture of polypropylene containing 60 to 80 wt% of a fibrous material, such as sawdust.

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