EP2365130A1 - Impregnated fibre compound, use and manufacture of same - Google Patents

Abstract

Composite fiber comprises at least one additive integrated into the composite fiber, where the additive is suitable for improving at least one property of the composite fiber including e.g. opacity, cellulose content, strength, air permeability, porosity, gloss, smoothness, volume index, wet-, tearing- or chemical resistance. The additive is prepared from at least two liquid and/or solid reactive components, which are separately supplied to the composite fiber, and converted into the additive during or after the production of the composite fiber through a chemical reaction with each other. Composite fiber comprises at least one additive integrated into the composite fiber, where the additive is suitable for improving at least one property of the composite fiber including opacity, brightness, cellulose content, strength, flame-retarding effect, air permeability, porosity, gloss, smoothness, surface feel, printability, foldability, laminating properties, coloring properties, color rendering, wet resistance, tearing resistance, bondability, sheet formation properties, dewatering properties, volume index, roughness, drying, coating ability, chemical resistance, picking resistance or mottling. The additive is prepared from at least two liquid and/or solid reactive components, which are separately supplied to the composite fiber, and converted into the additive during or after the production of the composite fiber through a chemical reaction with each other. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for producing the composite fiber, comprising preparing the additive from the two liquid and/or solid reactive components, supplying the reactive components separately to the composite fiber, and converting the components together into the additive during or after the production of the composite fiber.

Description

The invention relates to a fiber composite which comprises at least one additive integrated into the fiber composite which is suitable for improving at least one property of the fiber composite selected from the group consisting of opacity, whiteness, cellulose content, strength, flame retardancy, air permeability, porosity Gloss, smoothness, haptic, printability, hapticity, coatability, dyeability, color rendering, wet strength, tear propagation resistance, bondability, sheet-forming properties, dewaterability, volume index, roughness, drying, coatability, chemical resistance, pick resistance, mottling and others. The additive can be prepared from at least two liquid and / or solid reactive components which can be supplied separately to the fiber composite and which can be reacted with one another during or after the production of the fiber composite by chemical reaction to the additive.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing a fiber composite, which comprises at least one integrated in the fiber composite additive, which is suitable for improving at least one property of the fiber composite, which is selected from a group, which opacity, whiteness, cellulose content, strength, flame retardancy , Air permeability, porosity, gloss, smoothness, haptics, printability, hapticity, coatability, dyeability, color rendering, wet strength, tear propagation resistance, bondability, sheet forming properties, dewaterability, volume index, roughness, drying, coatability, chemical resistance, pick resistance, mottling and others. The additive is prepared from at least two liquid and / or solid reactive components, which are fed to the fiber composite separately and which be reacted with each other during or after the production of the fiber composite to the additive.

Paper is a material that is mainly used for writing and printing and consists largely of vegetable fibers. In addition, fillers, pigments and additives are used in papermaking. Important applications for such fiber composites are in addition to the use as information carrier packaging (cardboard, cardboard), hygiene papers such as toilet paper and specialty papers such as wallpaper. The main component of paper is usually pulp or mechanical pulp (eg made of groundwood).

• Faserstoffe (z.B. Holzschliff, Halbzellstoffe, Zellstoffe, andere Fasern),
• Leimung und Imprägnierung (z.B. tierische Leime, Harze, Paraffine, Wachse),
• Füllstoffe (z. B. Kaolin, Talkum, Gips, Bariumsulfat, Kreide, Titanweiß),
• Hilfsstoffe (z. B. Wasser, Farbstoffe, Entschäumer, Dispergiermittel, Retentionsmittel, Flockungsmittel, Netzmittel).

The starting materials necessary for the paper can be divided into four groups. These are:

• Fibrous materials (eg wood pulp, semi-pulps, pulps, other fibers),
• Sizing and impregnation (eg animal glues, resins, paraffins, waxes),
• Fillers (eg kaolin, talc, gypsum, barium sulfate, chalk, titanium white),
• Auxiliary agents (eg water, dyes, defoamers, dispersants, retention aids, flocculants, wetting agents).

Today, 95% of paper is made of wood in the form of wood pulp, semi-pulp or pulp. Often, conifers such as spruce, fir, pine and larch are used. Due to the usually longer fibers of wood pulp from softwood compared to softwood softened from softwood fibers lighter and there is a higher strength of the paper. The pulp used in the paper is one of the largest cost factors for paper raw materials compared to other required raw materials and the other fillers used. Increasing demand for paper is expected globally, which in turn will lead to rising fiber prices. In addition, a considerable further shortage is expected due to the anticipated intensified competition of different uses for renewable raw materials (eg for energy use, bio-based polymers), which is also associated with corresponding price increases and which is already becoming apparent.

In addition to the fibers, up to 30% and more of fillers and / or pigments are added to the stock. Through this one is able to adapt the properties of the paper to a certain extent to the respective requirements. Possible fillers (additives) are z. Kaolin, talc, titanium dioxide, ground calcium carbonate (GCC) and precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC). By filling in the gaps between the fibers, the fillers make the paper softer and smoother and give it a smooth surface. The proportion of fillers in the basis weight is expressed in the so-called ash number. The composition and crystal structure of the fillers determines transparency and opacity of a paper as well as the ink acceptance when printing with wegschlagenden colors.

Kaolin is mainly used as a pigment in papermaking. Kaolin remains chemically inert over a wide pH range and can therefore be used not only in acidic but also in alkaline production processes.

Talc reduces the porosity of paper and is therefore used to improve the printability of uncoated papers.

With titanium dioxide high opacity, good light scattering and excellent gloss can be achieved. TiO ₂ is many times more expensive than calcium carbonate and is therefore not used in standard filling or coating applications. Titanium dioxide is one of the most expensive components compared to the mentioned fillers and pigments for paper.

Another important additive in papermaking is calcium carbonate, which is used as ground (GCC) or precipitated (PCC) calcium carbonate. As a filler, GCC contains 40-75% particles with a size (particle diameter d ₅₀ ) of less than 2 μm. PCC is a synthetic industrial mineral made from quicklime or its raw material, limestone. The paper industry is the largest buyer of PCC and uses the material as a filler and as a coating pigment. PCC reduces fiber strength and therefore can not be used in bulk as a filler. The same applies to other fillers used according to the prior art.

In addition to these fillers, which are sometimes used in large quantities, numerous other minerals are used in various applications with low application or filling quantities. These include u. a. Gypsum, bentonite, aluminum hydroxide and silicates.

Further properties of papers can be influenced by further additives. For example, high opacity and high whiteness are crucial goals z. B. in the production of specialty papers. By adding pigments, especially TiO ₂ can Both the whiteness, but especially the opacity be increased significantly. Although TiO ₂ causes high opacity and a high whiteness, but has no beneficial self-extinguishing properties, or no flame retardant effect, which are in some applications of great interest. In addition, the very expensive TiO ₂ does not contribute to the reinforcement of the paper. However, a high tensile strength is z. B. desired in the manufacture of kraft paper or decorative paper. The strength of the tensile strength is usually measured as breaking load in. The force necessary to tear a paper sample is given in Newton. Since the tensile strength mainly depends on the basis weight, the tensile strength is often referred back to the basis weight and given as the tensile index with the unit of measure Nm / g (or kNm / g). By adding fillers of the prior art, the strength is reduced.

For both economic and technical reasons, the paper industry has an interest in having innovative processes and formulations which make it possible to provide a paper product with high opacity and high filler content at a favorable price. These should have the properties and functionalities known or improved from the state of the art, in particular with regard to strength and self-extinguishing properties.

Possibilities for this purpose include, for example, the fibers by physical, chemical or mechanical methods or a combination of these methods z. B. in combination with other methods or materials, eg. As fillers or pigments to change so that they give the paper higher strength at the same time lesser amount of fiber. A positive side effect here is that the optical properties and processing properties of papers thus produced could also be improved due to the higher filler content. According to the prior art, the above-mentioned fillers and pigments in the indicated mineralogical or chemical or morphological form are added to the process of papermaking or, as in DE 10 2006 029 642 B3 described, precipitated in the pulp suspension. In this document, a method for loading a pulp suspension with fillers, in particular calcium carbonate is described, wherein calcium hydroxide is introduced in liquid or dry form into the fiber suspension and precipitated by a chemical reaction of the fillers in the pulp suspension. The PCC precipitates rhombohedral, scalenohedral or spherical and the crystals have dimensions of 0.05 - 5 μm.

Furthermore, it is possible to apply the specified mineralogical or chemical or morphological form of the additives to the paper surface. DE 10 2005 015 196 A1 describes a process for flame retardant finishing of fiber products using polyethyleneimine and a phosphoric acid.

In EP 112 903 3 B1 discloses a process in which a particularly highly concentrated slurry with up to 70% solids of satin white is obtained. This is z. B. used for high quality art papers with a high gloss and a high degree of whiteness as an additive. These papers receive their excellent print appearance and exceptional feel, as requested and expected by customers for high quality art paper, through a special satin-lay process.

These measures serve on the one hand to reduce the pulp content in the paper and on the other hand to achieve the same or even improved paper quality with long-term secured raw material availability, for example to produce a greatly improved paper surface. These goals are in the prior art in view of the requirements described not solved satisfactorily. In particular, there is a further need for improved additives and / or processes in terms of increased filler content, fiber composite strength and other characteristic properties such as opacity, feel, flame retardancy, porosity, gloss, smoothness and many other properties.

The object of the invention is therefore to provide a fiber composite which comprises at least one additive integrated in the fiber composite, which is suitable for improving at least one property of the fiber composite, wherein the additive of at least two reactive components can be produced, which the fiber composite fed separately are and which during or after the production of the fiber composite with each other by chemical reaction to the additive can be implemented. Another aim is that a high opacity and a high degree of whiteness in the fiber composite can be achieved with a reduced proportion of TiO ₂ or without the addition of TiO ₂ . At the same time, the relative proportion of fibers in the production or coating of a fiber composite should be reduced to reduce the manufacturing costs and at the same time the strength of the fiber composite should be kept almost constant or increased.

It is another object of the invention to provide a method for producing such a fiber composite.

These objects are achieved by the subject matters of the independent claims.

An essential aspect of the invention is a fiber composite which comprises at least one additive integrated in the fiber composite, which is suitable for improving at least one property of the fiber composite which is selected from a group which opacity, whiteness, cellulose content, strength, flame retardancy, air permeability , Porosity, gloss, smoothness, feel, printability, hapticity, flatability, dyeability, color rendering, wet strength, tear propagation resistance, bondability, sheet forming properties, dewaterability, bulk index, roughness, drying, coatability, chemical resistance, pick resistance, mottling and others, the additive consisting of at least two reactive components can be produced, which can be supplied to the fiber composite separately and which can be reacted with each other during or after the production of the fiber composite by chemical reaction to the additive.

The chemical reaction of the at least two liquid and / or solid reactive components to form an additive during or after the production of the fiber composite offers the possibility of being able to use cavities in the fiber composite particularly efficiently. Depending on the additive formed, it is also possible for additional efficient crosslinking of the individual fibers to take place, and thus a constant or even increased strength of the fiber composite compared with fiber composites produced according to the prior art is achieved even with a reduced proportion of cellulose fibers , Preferably, at least one of the reactive components, preferably all reactive components, are liquid and / or solid and / or gaseous components.

Particularly preferred is an embodiment of a fiber composite in which at least one of the reactive components is selected from a group which comprises Ca compounds, Mg compounds, Ba compounds, Sr compounds, Al compounds, ammonium compounds, borates, silicates, phosphates, sulfates , Salts of organic acids, silica and others, which components may be present as a solid, suspension, emulsion and / or solution in aqueous and / or organic solvent.

The described components offer by reaction with other substances, which may also be selected from the group of these components, the ability to produce a variety of additives directly in the fiber composite can. The positive effect of some of the additives that can be produced thereby is already known, but this is often significantly enhanced by the chemical reaction directly in the fiber composite. It is thus possible, for example, to produce fiber composites with a very high degree of whiteness or L * value in the L * a * b * color space even without the use of TiO ₂ . Furthermore, it is possible in one embodiment, a fiber composite, for. As a paper to equip flame retardant in a simple and cost-effective manner. Other chemical and / or physical properties of the fiber composite (eg paper, cardboard, cardboard), such. As the air permeability, porosity, gloss, smoothness and others are, by the formation of additives directly in and / or on the fiber composite in comparison to methods in which additives are added before the production of fiber composite, only slightly deteriorated, maintained or even improved.

The processing properties of such a fiber composite z. As in printing, cutting, folding, laminating, dyeing, bonding and other process steps also largely correspond to those known from processes in which additives are added before the manufacture of the fiber composite, or are even improved in comparison. Likewise, in the production of such a fiber composite it is largely possible to continue to use methods already known from the prior art. Especially in sheet formation, dewatering and drying or paper finishing, only insignificant drawbacks or even improvements in the use of known processing conditions and processing equipment are discernible. In particular, it is possible with such a fiber composite to save energy during dewatering and drying. It is also possible in many cases to maintain or even improve the exhaust air and waste water quantity as well as the CO ₂ balance.

Preferably, the additive is present in the fiber composite as a solid. However, it is also possible that it is present as a gel, liquid film, sol or other forms in the fiber composite.

A possible additive in high-grade paper grades with a high gloss and a high degree of whiteness is satin white of the empirical formula Ca ₆ Al ₂ (SO ₄ ) ₃ (OH) ₁₂ · 26H ₂ O, which occasionally also contains Ca ₆ Al ₂ [(OH) ₁₂ | (SO ₄ ) ₃₁ · 26 H ₂ O is indicated. According to the state of the art, particularly highly concentrated suspensions are used for coating papers Additive containing up to 70% solids used. Thanks to a special calendering process, these paper grades receive their excellent print appearance and an extraordinary feel. The suspensions are characterized by a disadvantageously high viscosity, which makes handling very difficult. Both the materials used for the preparation of this suspension and the difficult handling make paper containing satin-white more expensive. In a preferred embodiment of the fiber composite, the additive in the fiber composite is satin white and / or has the empirical formula Ca ₆ Al _{2 [} (OH) ₁₂ | (SO ₄ ) ₃ ]. 26H ₂ O.

This makes it possible to produce a particularly high-quality paper without having to handle the highly viscous suspension of the highly concentrated satin white. After the reaction

Ca ₃ Al ₂ (OH) ₁₂ + 3 CaSO ₄ .2H ₂ O → Ca ₆ Al ₂ (SO ₄ ) ₃ (OH) ₁₂ .226H ₂ O

For example, satin white can be made from easy-to-use solutions or suspensions directly in the fiber composite. The representation of satin white in the fiber composite is also possible after other reactions. The reaction used can therefore be selected depending on available raw materials, their prices and the process engineering possibilities. For example, the presentation of alum and milk of lime is possible:

Al ₂ (SO ₄ ) ₃ + 6 Ca (OH) ₂ + 26 H ₂ O → Ca ₆ Al ₂ (SO ₄ ) ₃ (OH) ₁₂ · 26 H ₂ O

For example, a Ca component may first be added as filler to a fiber composite before, during or after its production. Subsequently, the fiber composite is coated by a customary in the paper industry application unit according to the prior art (eg, film press, size press, blade) with an Al-containing component, for example Al ₂ (SO ₄ ) ₃ . This penetrates the paper and forms with the contained Ca-component in the fiber composite satin white. The reaction conditions such as a possibly necessary pH adjustment or others are adapted to the respective requirements.

It is also conceivable a method according to which the fiber composite initially contains an Al-containing component and is then coated in a subsequent step with a Ca-containing component. In both cases, the use of highly viscous suspensions can be dispensed with.

In a further preferred embodiment of the fiber composite, the additive comprises a carbonate group and / or a silicate group and / or a sulfate group and an alkaline earth metal, preferably Ca and / or Mg, this additive having a structure by which the fiber composite is additionally crosslinkable.

Such additives are particularly preferred in order to be able to maintain or even increase the strength of the fiber composite even in the case of possibly reduced cellulose content. Such carbonates or silicates or sulfates form net-like structures which reinforce the fiber composite in addition to the net-like composite of the cellulose fibers. This can be done, for example, in that in the reaction of the reactive components used, these crystallize in the form of fine needles or rods and are present in this form in the fiber composite. The individual needles and / or rods interlock and thus form an additional network. Since crystallization occurs only after the fiber composite is made from cellulosic fibers, it is possible that the crystallization of the additive occurs directly on individual fibers, in interstices between individual fibers and also in crevices, sipes and / or other surface irregularities of individual fibers. As a result, the additive crystals can be firmly bonded to the individual cellulose fibers, which not only two separate networks, namely one made of cellulose fibers and another of additive crystals, which penetrate each other, but a single network, which includes both cellulose fibers and additive crystals and so has a special strength. Also other crystal forms, e.g. Tufts are suitable for such network structure enhancing crosslinks. The invention is therefore not limited to additives which crystallize in needle and / or rod form. Likewise, the use of other additives with similar crosslinking properties is possible, even if they have no carbonate group and / or silicate group. For example, these are phosphates.

The fiber composite is particularly preferably a cardboard and / or a paper or a paperboard and / or paper precursor. Since particular requirements are placed on the material properties in the case of boards and / or papers, particular demands are placed on the additives for these applications. The formation of the additives during or after the production of the fiber composite makes it possible to influence a wide range of properties of a paper or a cardboard. In some cases it is possible to increase the proportion of additives and / or to improve the effectiveness of the additives in the fiber composite.

The use of such a fiber composite preferably takes place as a storage medium for information, as hygiene articles and / or for applications in the construction industry, packaging industry and / or as a decorative element. Especially in these applications, high demands are made in particular with regard to strength, feel, opacity, gloss, smoothness, printability, color rendering, volume index, roughness, chemical resistance, mottling and others.

Another essential aspect of the invention is a method for producing a fiber composite which comprises at least one additive integrated in the fiber composite, which is suitable for improving at least one property of the fiber composite which is selected from a group which opacity, whiteness, cellulose content, strength , flame retardancy, air permeability, porosity, gloss, smoothness, haptics, printability, creasability, coatability, dyeability, color rendering, wet strength, tear propagation resistance, bondability, sheet forming properties, dewaterability, volume index, roughness, drying, coatability, chemical resistance, pick resistance, mottling and others wherein the additive is prepared from at least two reactive components which are supplied separately to the fiber composite and which are reacted with each other during or after the production of the fiber composite to the additive.

By this method, it is possible to produce an additive only during or after the production of the fiber composite directly in this. As a result, on the one hand the handling can be facilitated, since many times soluble reactive components are used and not a suspension of the additive must be handled. On the other hand, the distribution of the additive in the fiber composite can also be improved, since - especially in the case of homogeneous solutions of the reactive components - the reaction to the additive can be very homogeneously distributed over the entire fiber composite. This leads to improved properties, in particular with regard to mottling. Furthermore, the formation of the additive in terms of the strength of the fiber composite is advantageous because in the formation of the additive this can also get into the finest gaps in the fiber composite. As a result, for example, an additional crosslinking of cellulose fibers via the additive in these areas is possible. Preferably, liquid and / or solid reactive components are used.

The reaction of the reactive components to the additive is possible during various process steps. In a preferred variant of the method, in a first step at least one first reactive component is added to a fiber before and / or during formation of a fiber composite, and at least one further second reactive component is added to the fiber composite in a second step during and / or after its formation this second reactive component, preferably brought about by an adjustment of defined reaction conditions and optionally by addition of further reactants, with the first reactive component for the reaction to the additive.

For example, in papermaking

1. a) in a first step, a first or further reactive material before or during the paper sheet formation are added to the pulp and then in the sheet and this reactive material are then reacted in a second or further step with a second or further component and then reacted further processing, z. As the drying, done, or
2. b) in a first step, a first or further reactive material before or during the paper sheet formation are added to the pulp and are then in the sheet and this reactive material not directly but z. B. temporally and / or locally or otherwise offset be brought in a second or further step with a second or further component to the reaction and before and / or after the reaction with the second or further component, a drying.

As illustrated by these examples, the addition of the second reactive component may be independent of the reaction to the additive. It is likewise possible for the addition of the second additive and / or the reaction to take place in a time- and / or place-offset manner. Optionally, this can also be done before or after the production of the paper or the (possibly partial) drying.

In a further preferred variant of the method, after a formation of a fiber composite in a first step, at least one first reactive component is introduced onto the fiber composite and / or into the fiber composite, and in a second subsequent step at least one further, second reactive component is applied to the fiber composite and / or introduced into the fiber composite and this second reactive component, preferably by an adjustment of defined reaction conditions and optionally by adding further reactants, with the first reactive component for the reaction to the additive brought.

In contrast to the previous exemplary embodiment, in this variant of the method, first of all, the production of the fiber composite takes place, for example. of the paper sheet and only in a subsequent step, the first reactive component is applied to the fiber composite. It is e.g. by diffusion possible that the first reactive component also penetrates into the interior of the fiber composite. The penetration depth can be controlled via a selection of process parameters.

It can, for example, in papermaking

• c) in a first step, a fiber composite according to the prior art are produced and applied to these near the surface of a first or further reactive material (eg., By brushing, spraying or other suitable method) and this reactive material immediately thereafter in a second or further step are reacted with a second or further component and then the further processing z. As the drying done, or
• d) in a first step, a fiber composite according to the prior art are produced and applied to these near the surface of a first or further reactive material (eg., By brushing, spraying or other suitable method) and this not directly but z. B. temporally and / or locally or otherwise offset in a second or further step with a second or further components are reacted, wherein before and / or after the reaction with the second or further component drying can take place.

Furthermore, it is possible that a plurality of additives are formed by such a method. In a preferred variant, after a fiber composite has been formed with a first additive, in a third step at least one third reactive component is introduced onto the fiber composite and / or into the fiber composite, and in a fourth subsequent step at least one further, fourth reactive component is applied to the fiber composite and / or introduced into the fiber composite and this fourth reactive component, preferably by setting defined reaction conditions and optionally by adding further reactants, brought to the reaction with the third reactive component to the additive.

The example of papermaking can therefore

• e) a fiber composite according to a) or b) are produced and then, in a third step, a third or further reactive material is applied near the surface (eg by brushing, spraying or other suitable method) and this immediately afterwards in a fourth or further Step with a fourth or further component to be reacted and then further processing z. B. the drying done,
• f) a fiber composite according to a) or b) are prepared and then applied in a third step near the surface of a third or further reactive material (eg., By brushing, spraying or other suitable method) and this not directly, but z. B. temporally and / or locally or otherwise offset in a fourth or further step are reacted with a fourth or further component, wherein before and / or after the reaction with the fourth or further component drying can take place,
• g) a fiber composite according to a) or b) are produced, but the first reactive component is not yet reacted with the second or further component and the fiber composite has a surface near the surface of another reactive material (eg again first reactive material or third reactive material) be applied (eg., By brushing, spraying or other suitable method) and this immediately afterwards in a further step the entire composite with a second, fourth or further component to be reacted, and then the further processing z. As the drying done, or
• h) a fiber composite according to a) or b) are produced, however, the first or further reactive component is not yet reacted with a second or further component and the fiber composite surface near another first, third or further reactive material are applied (eg B. by brushing, spraying or other suitable methods) and this not directly, but z. As time or locally or otherwise offset in a further step with a second, fourth or further components are reacted and then the further processing z. B. the drying done.

Furthermore, it is possible that the reactive components are applied at the same time to a fiber composite or introduced into this. In this preferred variant, after formation of a fiber composite, a first and a second reactive component is introduced onto the fiber composite and / or fiber composite and this second reactive component, preferably by setting defined reaction conditions and optionally by adding further reactants, with the first reactive Component brought to the reaction for the additive.

Thus, for example, in papermaking

• i) a fiber composite according to the prior art are produced and applied near the surface of a first or further reactive material (eg., By brushing, spraying or other suitable method) and this reactive material during this step with a second or further component Reaction are brought and then the further processing of the fiber composite z. B. the drying done,
• j) in a first step, a fiber composite according to a) or b) are prepared and on the surface near a first or further reactive material are applied (eg., By brushing, spraying or other suitable methods) and this reactive material during this step with a second or further component are reacted and then the further processing of the fiber composite z. B. the drying done,
• k) a fiber composite according to a) or b) is produced but the first component is not yet reacted with the second or further component and a further first, third or further reactive material is applied to this fiber composite near the surface (eg by brushing , Spraying or other suitable method) and this are reacted immediately during the application with a second or further components and then the further processing of the fiber composite z. B. the drying done.

Thus, also in this method, the time and place of addition of the respective reactive components to one another and, in particular, the time and place of initiation of the reaction of these components with one another are independent.

Particularly preferred is a method in which the first and second reactive components are added to the fiber composite, which react to satin white with the empirical formula Ca ₆ Al ₂ (SO ₄ ) ₃ (OH) ₁₂ · 26H ₂ O. As a result, it is possible to avoid that the highly viscous suspension of satin white must be handled procedurally in order to introduce the satin white into the fiber composite.

In a further preferred variant, the fiber composite is admixed with first and second reactive components which react to form an additive comprising a carbonate group and / or a silicate group and / or a sulfate group and an alkaline earth metal, preferably Ca and Mg, and preferably has a structure , which additionally crosslinks the fiber composite.

Of course, several layers of different or the same fiber composites can be combined to form a fiber composite. Furthermore, combinations of at least one fiber composite with other materials are possible, as far as they are further technically, economically feasible, in each case the resulting fiber composite paper, cardboard or cardboard or comparable materials and derivatives of various forms of this, z. B. in combination with other materials may be.

An overview of suitable reactive first and further as well as reactive second and further components are shown in Tables 1a and 1b below. This is a selection of suitable materials, other materials which can be used in the context of this invention are not excluded thereby. Chemically similar synthetic or natural compounds, which also show similar reactions or have reactivity, with comparable properties and are not described here, can also be used. Furthermore, all mixtures of said first or further components with one another and / or with other materials and respective mixtures of the second and further components with one another and / or with other materials for producing a fiber composite described above are also possible. Table 1a Reactive first or further components, examples Example (natural or synthetic) prefers Shape, example Ca sources Ca (OH) ₂ , CaO, CaSO ₄ , CaCl ₂ , Ca (NO ₃ ) ₂ , Ca ²⁺ CaO, Ca (OH) ₂ , Ca ²⁺ Powder / suspension, solution Mg sources Mg (OH) _2, MgO, _{MgSO4, MgCl2,} Mg (NO _{3). 2} Mg ²⁺ MgO, Mg (OH) ₂ , Mg ²⁺ Powder / suspension Combined Ca and Mg sources Dolomite, partially calcined, and / or partially calcined hydrated dolomite, and / or fully calcined and / or fully calcined hydrated dolomite, huntite, partially calcined and / or hydrated huntite, fully calcined and / or hydrated huntite, all mixtures thereof CaCO ₃ · MgO, CaO · MgO Powder / suspension CaCO _3. Mg (OH) ₂ Ca (OH) ₂ + Mg (OH) ₂ solution Ca ²⁺ and Mg ²⁺ Ba-source BaCl ₂ , Ba (NO ₃ ) ₂ , Ba (OH) ₂ , Ba ²⁺ Ba (OH) ₂ , BaCl ₂ , Ba ²⁺ Powder / suspension 1 solution Sr source SrCl ₂ , Sr (NO ₃ ) ₂ , Sr (OH) ₂ , Sr ²⁺ Sr (OH) ₂ , SrCl ₂ , Sr ²⁺ . Powder 1 suspension / solution other Silicates z. B. from K, Na, Li, water glass Sodium silicate Powder / suspension 1 solution K-water glass Aluminum compounds, aluminates, z. B. Na, K, Ca Al (OH) ₃ , Al ₂ (SO ₄ ) ₃ , boehmite Borates, e.g. B. Na., K NH ₄ H ₂ PO ₄ . (NH ₄ ) ₂ HPO ₄ , (NH ₄ ) ₃ PO ₄ , polyammonium phosphate For all, the ionic form is optional as well Ammonium compounds, e.g. NH ₄ (OH), NH ₄ Cl, (NH ₄ ) ₂ SO ₄ , NH ₄ HSO ₄ , NH ₄ NO ₃ , NH ₄ H ₂ PO ₄ , (NH ₄ ) ₂ HPO ₄ , (NH ₄ ) ₃ PO ₄ . Polyammonium phosphate SiO ₂ , sol, gel, Other organic and / or inorganic components Suitable for the purposes of the invention All mixtures of the above components with themselves or others Reactive deltas or other components, examples Beisplel (natural or synthetic) prefers shape Dissolved carbonates and / or CO ₂ and / or sulfates, sulfuric acid and / or oxalic acid, oxalates and / or tartrates, tartaric acid / phosphates, phosphoric acid citrates, citric acid Na ₂ CO ₃ , Na ₂ SO ₄ , NaH ₂ PO ₄ , Na ₂ HPO ₄ , C ₄ H ₆ O _6. C ₂ H ₂ O ₄ NaC ₄ H ₄ O ₆ , (Na) ₂ (COO) ₂ , For all also optionally apply the ion form CO ₃ ^2- , CO2, SO ₄ ^2- oxalates, oxalic acid citrates, citric acid Solution, gaseous, powder, suspension For all, the ionic form is optional as well ammonium compounds z. NH ₄ (OH), NH ₄ Cl, (NH ₄ ) ₂ SO ₄ , NH ₄ HSO ₄ , NH ₄ NO ₃ , NH ₄ H ₂ PO ₄ , (NH ₄ ) ₂ HPO ₄ , (NH ₄ ) ₃ PO ₄ , polyammonium phosphate The ion form is optional for all NH ₄ (OH), NH ₄ H ₂ PO ₄ , (NH ₄ ) ₂ HPO ₄ , (NH ₄ ) ₃ PO ₄ , polyammonium phosphate The ion form is also optional for all Solution, gaseous, powder, suspension Ca sources Ca (OH) _2, CaO, C ₃ SO _4, CaCl _2, Ca (NO _{3) 2,} Ca ²⁺ CaO, Ca (OH) ₂ , Ca ²⁺ Powder 1 suspension, solution Mg sources Mg (OH) _2, MgO, _{MgSO4, MgCl2,} Mg (NO _{3) 2,} Mg ²⁺ MgO, Mg (OH) ₂ , Mg ²⁺ Powder 1 suspension Combined Ca and Mg sources Dolomite, partially calcined, and / or partially calcined hydrated dolomite, and / or fully calcined and / or fully calcined hydrated dolomite, huntite, partially calcined and / or hydrated huntite, fully calcined and / or hydrated huntite, all mixtures thereof CaCO ₃ · MgO, CaO · MgO Powder / solution / suspension CaCO _3. Mg (OH) ₂ Ca (OH) ₂ + Mg (OH) ₂ Ca ²⁺ and Mg ²⁺ Ba-source BaCl ₂ , Ba (NO ₃ ) ₂ , Ba (OH) ₂ , Ba ²⁺ Ba (OH) ₂ , BaCl ₂ , Ba ²⁺ Powder / solution 1 suspension Sr source SrCl ₂ , Sr (NO ₃ ) ₂ , Sr (OH) ₂ , Sr ²⁺ Sr (OH) ₂ , SrCl ₂ , Sr ²⁺ Powder / solution / suspension other Silicates z. From K, Na, Li, Sodium silicate Powder / solution / suspension Water glass Aluminum compounds, aluminates, eg. B. Na, K, Ca K-water glass Borates, e.g. B. Na., K Al (OH) ₃ SiO ₂ , Sol, Gel, Optionally, the ion form also applies to all Al ₂ (SO ₄ ) ₃ , boehmite Other organic and / or inorganic components Suitable for the purposes of the invention All mixtures of the above components with themselves or others

The following table shows an overview of chemical-physical parameters for further description of the first or further components. As can be seen from the table, the degree of purity of the reactive components used can be comparatively low, since an additional purification can take place by the reaction to the additive. For example, this is possible if the contaminant can not react with the second or another reactive component and therefore, for. B. remains in solution and can be washed out with remaining solvent from the fiber composite. Table 2 parameter unit Area Prefers Mostly preferred Purity****) ma% 1-100 5-100 10-100 Heavy metals ***) ma% <10 <5 <1 ***) Sum of: Cu, Pb, Hg, Zn, Ni, Cd, Cr
****) purity as a single substance or as a mixture of these individual substances analogous to Table 1 or similar

The same applies as described above for the chemical-physical parameters of the second or further components. These may also be used in comparatively low purity under certain circumstances, as shown in the overview in Table 3. Table 3 parameter unit Area Prefers Mostly preferred Purity****) ma% 1-100 5-100 10-100 Heavy metals ***) ma% <10 <5 <1 ***) Sum of: Cu, Pb, Hg, Zn, Ni, Cd, Cr
****) purity as a single substance or as a mixture of these individual substances analogous to Table 1 or similar

• Trockenmahlung und/oder z. B. Sichtung, Magnetscheidung, Beschichtung, Homogenisierung oder Aktivierung mittels dafür geeigneter Aggregate und/oder
• Nassmahlung und/oder z. B. Feinstofftrennung mittels Zyklon (Zentrifugalabscheider) oder Zentrifuge und/oder Kreislaufführung bei z. B. gleichzeitiger Additivierung, Homogenisierung, Beschichtung oder Abtrennung von Bestandteilen mittels dafür geeignete Aggregate ein.

The reactive first and further as well as second and further components may additionally be additionally processed chemically, physically or mechanically or by combinations of these processes, for example by using ball mills, pin mills, jet mills or bead mills, stirred ball mills, high-performance dispersers or high-pressure homogenizers. Process for processing include z. B.

• Dry grinding and / or z. B. sighting, magnetic separation, coating, homogenization or activation by means of suitable aggregates and / or
• Wet grinding and / or z. B. fines separation by means of cyclone (centrifugal) or centrifuge and / or circulation at z. B. simultaneous Additivierung, homogenization, coating or separation of components by means of suitable aggregates.

Examples

The production of fiber composites is described below by way of examples, here paper, whereby other applications are not excluded.

Example 1 (analogous to point b) of the above list)

To coat a paper, a paper according to the prior art is first used and this coated by means of a laboratory film press with a second component. The fiber composite used as base paper was a office paper, 80 g / m ² , DIN A4, CaCO ₃ 30% by mass, to which an H ₂ SO ₄ solution, 10% by mass, was applied. The conditions of the laboratory film press in producing the fiber composite according to Example 1 are shown in Table 4. The subsequent drying took place over 30 s with 100% IR and hot air capacity (1000 watts total device output). Table 4 doctor squeegee pressure rolling pressure speed Wet application [g] [bar] [bar] [M / min] - - 600 11 0.36 0.24 0.27

Zur Verdeutlichung ist diese Zur Verdeutlichung ist diese Grafik im Anschluss an die Beschreibung vergrößert als Fig. 1 dargestellt. Grafik im Anschluss an die Beschreibung vergrößert als Fig. 2 dargestellt. REM

irreguläre Partikelstruktur Zur Verdeutlichung ist diese Abbildung im Anschluss an die Beschreibung vergrößert als Fig. 3 dargestellt. faser- und stemförmige Partikelstruktur Zur Verdeutlichung ist diese Abbildung im Anschluss an die Beschreibung vergrößert als Fig. 4 dargestellt. A selection of chemical and physical data of a so produced fiber composite according to Example 1 are shown in Table 5. Table 5 parameter blank Pattern with reactive components 2 Whiteness, R 457, Elrepho 90 92 Inorganic paper components, X-ray diffraction CaCO ₃ CaCO ₃ and CaSO ₄

To clarify this is For clarity, this graphic is enlarged after the description as Fig. 1 shown. Graphic following the description enlarged as Fig. 2 shown. REM

irregular particle structure For clarity, this illustration is enlarged as follows Fig. 3 shown. Fiber and Stem Particle Structure For clarity, this illustration is enlarged as follows Fig. 4 shown.

As a result of the coating, a chemical reaction was induced in the paper, which can be detected by the formation of a new mineral phase in a paper composite. As a result, in this case, for example, the whiteness could be improved. The other paper parameters could also be kept the same or improved or reduced only insignificantly.

Example 2 (analogous to point b) of the above list)

In this example different raw papers are used. In variant a) a office paper, 80 g / m ² , DIN A4 and in variant b) a printing paper, 80 g / m ² . These papers were treated with either c) saturated (NH ₄ ) ₂ HPO ₄ solution or d) saturated (NH ₄ ) H ₂ PO ₄ solution. The conditions of the laboratory film press are shown in Table 6. The drying took place over 30 s with 100% IR and hot air capacity (1000 watts total unit output). Table 6 assignment doctor squeegee pressure rolling pressure speed Wet application, b) printing paper Wet application a) Office paper [bar] [bar] [M / min] [G] [G] c) - - 600 11 0.7 0.3 d) - - 600 11 0.7 0.3

The results of investigations into the fire behavior of such treated fiber composites are shown in Table 7. It can be seen that a reaction has taken place which makes the paper self-extinguishing. The coating impregnated the paper in such a way that a flame-retardant property was achieved. The other paper parameters could be kept the same, improved or only insignificantly deteriorated. Table 7 parameter Blank office paper Blank sample of printing paper Office paper with order c Printing paper with order c Office paper with order d Printing paper with order d fire behavior Not self-extinguishing Not self-extinguishing self-extinguishing self-extinguishing self-extinguishing self-extinguishing

Example 3 (analogous to point a) of the above list)

In this example, a paper with a reactive component 1 was prepared and then coated with a second reactive component 2 by means of a laboratory film press.

Part 1: Production of paper with a first reactive component

To prepare a paper having a first reactive component, a Rapid Köthen sheet former was used. The conditions for making paper analogous to Example 3 are shown in Table 8. Table 8 raw materials unit concentration Pulp suspension ma% 4.0 1. reactive component comprising CaCO ₃ and MgO as suspension ma% 20 Paper, Targets value sheet weight G 2.3 Fibrous material in the leaf ma% 70 Salary, 1st reactive component, should ma% 30 *) d ₉₀ = 10 μm, d ₅₀ = 3 μm and high purity of CaCO ₃ and MgO.

The composition of the recipe for producing a fiber composite according to Example 3 is shown in Table 9. Table 9 table recipe value Pulp suspension 9 201.25 Pulp absolutely g / 5 leaves 8.05 Make-up water, target TS = 1.5 Ma -% * G 684 Filler content, should ma% 30 Polymin, 0.5% ml / 1 leaf 0.5 Water, total ml, total 891.1 Solid, total g, total 13.57 TS before sheet formation * ma% 1.52 *) TS is dry matter of the suspension

Part 2: Coating of a fiber composite obtained by the method described in Part 1 with a second reactive component

To set the fiber composite with a second reactive component, an aqueous solution of NH ₄ ⁺ and PO ₄ ^{3- was} used as foliar application. The conditions in the laboratory film press for producing a fiber composite according to Example 3 are shown in Table 10. The subsequent drying was carried out for 30 s with 100% IR and hot air capacity (1000 watts total device output). Tab. 10: doctor squeegee pressure rolling pressure speed wet application [bar] [bar] [M / min] [G] - - 600 11 0.7

The chemical and physical data of a so produced fiber composite according to Example 3 are shown in Table 11. Table 11 parameter base paper Base paper after order opacity 85 90 fire behavior Not self-extinguishing self-extinguishing REM irregular Contains mineral fiber approaches X-ray diffraction CaCO ₃ , MgO, Mg (OH) ₂ CaCO ₃ , MgO, Mg (OH) ₂ , MgNH ₄ PO ₄ .H ₂ O

Example 4 (analogous to point a) of the above list)

eher Faserstruktur, mit weniger Plättchenstruktur. Zur Verdeutlichung ist diese Abbildung im Anschluss an die Beschreibung vergrößert als Fig. 5 dargestellt. eher Plättchenstruktur, mit weniger Faserstruktur. Zur Verdeutlichung ist diese Abbildung im Anschluss an die Beschreibung vergrößert als Fig. 6 dargestellt. In this example, a reactive material is added to the pulp prior to paper sheet formation and, after sheet formation, is located in the sheet and thereafter reacted with a second component. To form the fiber composite, pulp used in this example is pulp. The first reactive component used in this example is an aqueous suspension of a mixture of Ca (OH) ₂ and Mg (OH) ₂ prepared by hydration of fully calcined dolomite. In a laboratory sheet former (Rapid-Köthen), a fiber composite is produced from an aqueous suspension of the pulp with the addition of the first reactive component, which is then fumigated in the moist state with CO ₂ as an example of the second component. The conditions are varied. The reaction takes place a) at low temperature and b) at elevated temperature. This is followed by drying. In parallel, a blank was prepared with the first reactive component but no second reactive component. Table 12 shows the chemical and physical data of a fiber composite that can be produced according to Example 4. As the table shows, both whiteness and opacity could be increased over the control. Table 12 parameter Blank with reactive component Pattern with reactive components T _nledrig Pattern with reactive components T _increased whiteness 85 88 88 opacity 90 92 93 Inorganic paper components, X-ray diffraction Ca (OH) ₂ Ca (OH) 2 Ca (OH) ₂ Mg (OH) ₂ Mg (OH) ₂ Mg (OH) ₂ CaCO ₃ CaCO ₃ MgCO ₃ MgCO ₃ MgCO ₃ .3H ₂ O MgCO ₃ .3H ₂ O MgCO ₃ .5H ₂ O MgCO ₃ .5H ₂ O 3MgCO ₃ xMg (OH) ₂ .3H ₂ O 3MgCO ₃ xMg (OH) ₂ .3H ₂ O Mg ₄ (OH) ₂ (CO ₃ ) ₃ .3H ₂ O Mg ₄ (OH) ₂ (CO ₃ ) ₃ .3H ₂ O 4MgCO ₃ xMg (OH) ₂ .5H ₂ O 4MgCO3xMg (OH) 2 .5H ₂ O 4MgCO ₃ xMg (OH) ₂ .4H ₂ O 4MgCO ₃ xMg (OH) ₂ .4H ₂ O Inorganic paper components, X-ray diffraction, preferred Ca (OH) ₂ Ca (OH) ₂ Mg (OH) ₂ Mg (OH) ₂ CaCO ₃ CaCO ₃ MgCO ₃ MgCO ₃ MgCO ₃ .3H ₂ O 3 MgCO ₃ xMg (OH) ₂ .3H ₂ O MgCO ₃ .5H ₂ O Mg ₄ (OH) ₂ (CO ₃ ) ₃ .3H ₂ O REM

rather fibrous structure, with less platelet structure. For clarity, this illustration is enlarged after the description Fig. 5 shown. rather platelet structure, with less fiber structure. For clarity, this illustration is enlarged after the description Fig. 6 shown.

Example 5 (analogous to point c) of the above list)

eher Faserstruktur, mit weniger Plättchenstruktur Zur Verdeutlichung ist diese Abbildung im Anschluss an die Beschreibung vergrößert als Fig. 7 dargestellt. eher Plättchenstruktur, mrt weniger Faserstruktur. Zur Verdeutlichung ist diese Abbildung im Anschluss an die Beschreibung vergrößert als Fig. 8 dargestellt. In this example, in a first step, a fiber composite according to the prior art is prepared and applied near the surface of a first reactive material by brushing and this immediately reacted with a second component to the reaction. As a fiber composite according to the prior art filter paper is used. This is coated by means of semiautomatic film applicator with a suspension of the reactive component 1 (6 microns squeegee, 140 mm / sec squeegee speed). Reactive component 1 used here is an aqueous suspension of a mixture of Ca (OH) ₂ and Mg (OH) ₂ , for example prepared by hydration of fully calcined dolomite. The coated fiber composite is then gassed in the wet state with CO ₂ as an example of the second component. The conditions are varied here. The reaction takes place a) at low temperature and b) at elevated temperature. This is followed by drying. In parallel, a blank was prepared with the first reactive component but no second reactive component. Table 13 below shows the chemical and physical data of a fiber composite that can be produced according to Example 5. As can be seen from the table, whiteness as well as opacity could also be increased in this example compared to the comparison sample. Table 13 parameter Blank with reactive component Pattern with reactive components T _niedng Pattern with reactive components T _increased whiteness 85 88 88 opacity 90 92 93 Inorganic paper components, X-ray diffraction Ca (OH) ₂ Ca (OH) 2 Ca (OH) ₂ Mg (OH) ₂ Mg (OH) ₂ Mg (OH) ₂ CaCO ₃ CaCO ₃ MgCO ₃ MgCO ₃ MgCO ₃ × ₃ H ₂ O MgC0 ₃ x ₃ H ₂ O MgCO ₃ × ₅ H ₂ O MgCO ₃ × ₅ H ₂ O 3MgCO ₃ xMg (OH) ₂ .3H ₂ O 3MgCO ₃ xMg (OH) ₂ .3H ₂ O Mg ₄ (OH) ₂ (CO ₃ ) ₃ .3H ₂ O Mg ₄ (OH) ₂ (CO ₃ ) ₃ .3H ₂ O 4MgCO ₃ xMg (OH) ₂ .5H ₂ O 4MgCO ₃ xMg (OH) ₂ .5H ₂ O 4MgCO ₃ xMg (OH) ₂ .4H ₂ O 4MgCO ₃ xMg (OH) ₂ .4H ₂ O Inorganic paper components, X-ray diffraction, preferred Ca (OH) ₂ Ca (OH) ₂ Mg (OH) ₂ Mg (OH) ₂ CaCO ₃ CaCO ₃ MgCO ₃ MgCO ₃ MgCO ₃ .3H ₂ O 3MgCO ₃ xMg (OH) ₂ .3H ₂ O MgCO ₃ .5H ₂ O Mg ₄ (OH) ₂ (CO ₃ ) ₃ .3H ₂ O REM

rather fibrous structure, with less platelet structure For clarity, this illustration is enlarged after the description Fig. 7 shown. rather platelet structure, mrt less fiber structure. For clarity, this illustration is enlarged after the description Fig. 8 shown.

Example 6: (analogous to point i) of the above list)

A base paper according to the prior art is coated with a suitable and known application method, eg Curtaincoating in parallel with a Ca-containing aqueous component and an Al-containing aqueous component, wherein the reaction product forms directly on the paper surface. The Ca component is a suspension of Ca (OH) ₂ (10% by mass) and the Al component is an Al ₂ (SO ₄ ) ₃ solution (5% by mass). With water, these components react after the reaction

Ca ₃ Al ₂ (OH) ₁₂ + 3 CaSO ₄ .2H ₂ O → Ca ₆ Al ₂ (SO ₄ ) ₃ (OH) ₁₂ .226H ₂ O

to satin white. It comes directly to the surface of the base paper to form a layer of satin white, associated with an increase in whiteness, opacity and smoothness.

It may optionally be advantageous to further treat the thus coated fiber composite, e.g. by thermal or mechanical or chemical or decorative methods, e.g. drying, calendering, coating, etc., e.g. to increase the gloss of the paper surface.

The fiber composites thus obtained may e.g. used as paper and are brought there in the known and due to the technical, economic and environmental benefits in new applications used.

The inventive storage and / or application of a first or further and / or second or further component in the paper or on the paper surface leads to the chemical formation of new mineral modifications and / or a physical phase change of materials. In addition to these physically and / or chemically induced changes, new paper properties are also formed, eg. Example, caused by structural change of materials increase the strength, opacity, whiteness or self-extinguishing properties.

Further advantageous improvements are the dimension stabilization, improvement of the TiO ₂ retention, TiO ₂ emissions, flammability, improving the color image, the color reproduction, the wet strength, tear resistance, the specific resistance to tearing, the bursting resistance, the gap resistance, increased volume index, as well as improved compressibility, porosity, smoothness, gloss properties and roughness. Furthermore, there are advantages in terms of processability in terms of coatability, chemical resistance, pick resistance, mottling, missing dots, as well as advantages in printing with inkjet, thermal and laser methods as well as in digital printing technology.

As additional advantages, energy savings, increased running speed, wastewater discharge, improved recycling of process water and reduced waste accumulation can be realized.

The products of the invention are suitable for use z. As a carrier of information, for packaging, as a building material without this being a limitation for other applications.

Further advantages and embodiments will be apparent from the attached drawings:

• Fig. 1 ein Spektrum der Röntgendiffraktionsanalyse der Blindprobe aus Beispiel 1,
• Fig. 2 ein Spektrum der Röntgendiffraktionsanalyse des beschichteten Papiers aus Beispiel 1,
• Fig. 3 eine rasterelektronenmikroskopische Aufnahme der Partikelstruktur der Blindprobe aus Beispiel 1,
• Fig. 4 eine rasterelektronenmikroskopische Aufnahme der Partikelstruktur des beschichteten Papiers aus Beispiel 1,
• Fig. 5 eine rasterelektronenmikroskopische Aufnahme der Partikelstruktur der erhaltenen Additive aus Beispiel 4 bei Reaktionsführung bei niedriger Temperatur,
• Fig. 6 eine rasterelektronenmikroskopische Aufnahme der Partikelstruktur der erhaltenen Additive aus Beispiel 4 bei Reaktionsführung bei erhöhter Temperatur,
• Fig. 7 eine rasterelektronenmikroskopische Aufnahme der Partikelstruktur der erhaltenen Additive aus Beispiel 5 bei Reaktionsführung bei niedriger Temperatur und
• Fig. 8 eine rasterelektronenmikroskopische Aufnahme der Partikelstruktur der erhaltenen Additive aus Beispiel 5 bei Reaktionsführung bei erhöhter Temperatur.

Show:

• Fig. 1 a spectrum of the X-ray diffraction analysis of the blank of Example 1,
• Fig. 2 a spectrum of X-ray diffraction analysis of the coated paper of Example 1,
• Fig. 3 a scanning electron micrograph of the particle structure of the blank of Example 1,
• Fig. 4 a scanning electron micrograph of the particle structure of the coated paper of Example 1,
• Fig. 5 a scanning electron micrograph of the particle structure of the resulting additives from Example 4 during reaction at low temperature,
• Fig. 6 a scanning electron micrograph of the particle structure of the resulting additives from Example 4 when carrying out the reaction at elevated temperature,
• Fig. 7 a scanning electron micrograph of the particle structure of the resulting additives from Example 5 in low temperature reaction and
• Fig. 8 a scanning electron micrograph of the particle structure of the resulting additives from Example 5 when carrying out the reaction at elevated temperature.

FIG. 1 shows a spectrum of the X-ray diffraction analysis of the blank of Example 1. As can be seen, especially calcite CaCO ₃ provides a clear signal. A signal for gypsum CaSO ₄ -2H ₂ O can not be recognized, or does not stand out from the background noise.

In contrast, in the case of FIG. 2 shown spectrum of the X-ray diffraction analysis of the coated paper of Example 1 in addition to the still very strong signal that the presence of calcite CaCO ₃ evidenced to detect a measurable signal for gypsum CaSO ₄ · 2H ₂ O. Even if it does not seem very strong, it stands out clearly from the background noise.

FIG. 3 shows a scanning electron micrograph of the particle structure of the blank of Example 1. It can be seen predominantly platelet-shaped particles, which have largely attached to agglomerates together. However, a large number of individual particles can also be recognized.

FIG. 4 shows a scanning electron micrograph of the particle structure of the coated paper of Example 1. Here it can be seen that predominantly rod-shaped particles have formed. Partly they are stacked to clumps. Some of the rod-shaped crystals have also attached to the cellulose fiber, which extends from the right edge of the image obliquely to the left to the upper edge of the picture.

FIG. 5 shows a scanning electron micrograph of the particle structure of the resulting additives of Example 4 at low temperature reaction control. It can be seen a variety of rod-shaped crystals, which are distributed seemingly disordered over the entire image section. They do not seem to have a preference orientation. Many of the rod-shaped crystals have lateral extensions, which allow the individual crystals to interlock with one another and thus form a composite in the form of a chaotically appearing network.

Also in FIG. 6 a scanning electron micrograph of the particle structure of the resulting additives of Example 4 is shown, but in reaction at elevated temperature. At the same magnification, the rod-shaped crystals obtained also in this experimental procedure appear slightly larger than those in Fig. 5 and to be slightly more irregular. This results in a variety of interaction options through which the individual crystals can interact with each other. The network structure seems out compared to that Fig. 5 however, to be less dense.

FIG. 7 shows a scanning electron micrograph of the particle structure of the resulting additives from Example 5 at low temperature reaction control. In addition to a large number of very small crystals without a clearly recognizable preferential structure, rod-shaped crystals can be clearly seen. Some of these are covered with the smaller crystals, so that forms a rough surface, through which the individual rods can get caught with each other. It seems to have formed a comparatively wide-meshed network structure, since almost every rod-shaped particles is in contact with at least two other of these particles.

FIG. 8 shows a scanning electron micrograph of the particle structure of the resulting additives from Example 5 in reaction at elevated temperature. Again, a variety of rod-shaped crystals can be seen, on which have accumulated smaller, particles of undetermined geometry. The network-like compound forming by interaction of the rods seems to be opposite to the one in FIG Fig. 7 shown to be denser.

The Applicant reserves the right to claim all features disclosed in the application documents as essential to the invention, provided they are novel individually or in combination with respect to the prior art.

Claims (14)

A fiber composite which comprises at least one additive integrated in the fiber composite which is suitable for improving at least one property of the fiber composite selected from the group consisting of opacity, whiteness, cellulose content, strength, flame retardancy, air permeability, porosity, gloss, smoothness, Haptics, printability, creasability, flannability, dyeability, color rendition, wet strength, tear propagation resistance, bondability, sheet forming properties, dewaterability, volume index, roughness, drying, coatability, chemical resistance, pick resistance, mottling and others,
characterized in that
the additive can be produced from at least two liquid and / or solid reactive components which can be fed to the fiber composite separately and which can be reacted with one another during or after the production of the fiber composite by chemical reaction to the additive. Fiber composite according to claim 1,
characterized in that
at least one of the components is selected from a group consisting of Ca compounds, Mg compounds, Ba compounds, Sr compounds, Al compounds, ammonium compounds, borates, silicates, phosphates, sulfates, carbonates, organic acid salts, silica and others which components may be present as a solid, suspension, emulsion and / or solution in aqueous and / or organic solvent. Fiber composite according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that
the additive is present in the fiber composite as a solid. Fiber composite according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the additive in the fiber composite is satin white and / or has the empirical formula Ca ₆ Al ₂ (SO ₄ ) ₃ (OH) ₁₂ · 26H ₂ O. Fiber composite according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the additive comprises a carbonate group and / or a silicate group and / or a sulfate group and an alkaline earth metal, preferably Ca and / or Mg, and this additive has a structure by which the fiber composite is additionally crosslinkable. Fiber composite according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the fiber composite is a cardboard and / or a paper or a paperboard and / or paper precursor. Use of a fiber composite according to one of the preceding claims as a storage medium for information, as hygiene articles and / or for applications in the construction industry, packaging industry and / or as a decorative element. A process for producing a fiber composite which comprises at least one additive integrated in the fiber composite which is suitable for improving at least one property of the fiber composite selected from the group consisting of opacity, whiteness, cellulose content, strength, flame retardancy, air permeability, porosity, Glossiness, smoothness, haptics, printability, hapticity, coatability, dyeability, color rendering, wet strength, tear propagation resistance, bondability, sheet forming properties, dewaterability, volume index, roughness, drying, coatability, chemical resistance, pick resistance, mottling and others,
characterized in that
the additive is produced from at least two liquid and / or solid reactive components which are supplied separately to the fiber composite and which are reacted with one another during or after the production of the fiber composite to the additive. Method according to claim 8,
characterized in that
in a first step, at least one first reactive component is added to a fiber before and / or during formation of a fiber composite and at least one further second reactive component is added to the fiber composite in a second step during and / or after its formation, and this second reactive component, preferably reacts by an adjustment of defined reaction conditions and optionally by adding further reactants, with the first reactive component to the additive. Method according to claim 8,
characterized in that
after a formation of a fiber composite in a first step, at least one first reactive component is introduced onto the fiber composite and / or into the fiber composite and in a second subsequent step at least one further, second reactive component is introduced onto the fiber composite and / or into the fiber composite and reacting this second reactive component, preferably by adjusting defined reaction conditions and optionally by adding further reactants, with the first reactive component to the additive. Method according to claim 9,
characterized in that
after formation of a fiber composite with a first additive in a third step at least a third reactive component is introduced to the fiber composite and / or in the fiber composite and in a fourth subsequent step, at least one further, fourth reactive component on the fiber composite and / or in the fiber composite is introduced and reacts this fourth reactive component, preferably by setting defined reaction conditions and optionally by adding further reactants, with the third reactive component to the additive. Method according to one of claims 8 - 11,
characterized in that
the fiber composite further additives are added, which are selected from a group comprising pigments, fillers, binders, inorganic fibers, organic fibers and others. Method according to one of claims 8 - 12,
characterized in that
the first and second reactive components are added to the fiber composite, which react to satin white with the empirical formula Ca ₆ Al ₂ (SO ₄ ) ₃ (OH) ₁₂ · 26 H ₂ O. Method according to one of the claims 8 - 92,
characterized in that
the fiber composite first and second reactive components are added, which react to an additive comprising a carbonate group and / or a silicate group and / or a sulfate group and an alkaline earth metal, preferably Ca and Mg, and preferably has a structure which additionally the fiber composite networked.

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