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EP2234455B1 - Heating element and its use - Google Patents

Heating element and its use Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2234455B1
EP2234455B1 EP10001926.4A EP10001926A EP2234455B1 EP 2234455 B1 EP2234455 B1 EP 2234455B1 EP 10001926 A EP10001926 A EP 10001926A EP 2234455 B1 EP2234455 B1 EP 2234455B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating element
element according
elements
flexible
lattice
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP10001926.4A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2234455A3 (en
EP2234455A2 (en
Inventor
Andreas Kapp
Juergen Guenther
Helmut Zischka
Benno Schmied
Michael Fuchs
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Carl Freudenberg KG
Original Assignee
Carl Freudenberg KG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Carl Freudenberg KG filed Critical Carl Freudenberg KG
Publication of EP2234455A2 publication Critical patent/EP2234455A2/en
Publication of EP2234455A3 publication Critical patent/EP2234455A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2234455B1 publication Critical patent/EP2234455B1/en
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/007—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using multiple electrically connected resistive elements or resistive zones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/011—Heaters using laterally extending conductive material as connecting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/029—Heaters specially adapted for seat warmers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heating element comprising a support made of a flexible material, on which a flexible structure is arranged made of an electrically conductive paste and the use of such a heating element.
  • Heating elements are well known and are used for example as a seat or wall heating for use.
  • a heating element is from the US 2005/0051536 A1 known.
  • the electrical supply network is formed by a structure consisting of electrical conductors extending in a line and parallel to each other.
  • the carrier consists of a textile and is provided with an electrically conductive grid structure.
  • the grid structure comprises rectilinear grid elements which intersect and are electrically conductively and mechanically interconnected. In the crossing region of the grid elements, the conductor cross-section of the grid elements is reduced by about 50%, resulting in a higher current density and give a greater Joule heat. This creates an increased heating power density, a so-called hotspot, in the intersection area.
  • the heating element comprises at least one layer, which comprises a matrix of functional fibers, wherein the matrix is electrically conductive and / or heatable, and wherein the matrix is connectable via contact lines to a current or voltage source.
  • the heating element can be used in the automotive sector, with such heating elements being used in particular as seat heating in motor vehicles.
  • the aqueous coating composition contains a conductive powder in which a core is coated with a conductive layer. Preference is given to a core made of glass coated with silver.
  • the pastes described therein are used to coat sheet-like layers, in particular textiles and nonwovens, and to thereby equip them in an electrically conductive manner. Such coated layers can be further processed into flexible interconnects.
  • the prior art pastes are no longer stretchable and no longer thermally deformable due to the binder after application to the layer and curing. Accordingly, a layer coated with the paste is no longer expansible. Consequently, the paste can not be used where stretchability of the material is required.
  • the invention has for its object to further develop a heating element such that it is flexible or flexible and stretchable in the longitudinal direction, transverse direction and in the diagonal direction and thereby particularly well adapted to the particular circumstances of the application and that even with grid-shaped electrically conductive structures areas locally increased heating power density, so-called hotspots can be avoided.
  • the structure is formed as a lattice structure, that the lattice structure comprises grid elements and crossing points, that the grid elements are electrically connected by the crossing points and mechanically interconnected and that the crossing points are formed substantially circular.
  • the flexible grid structure of an electrically conductive paste is of crucial importance in order to obtain a heating element which is flexible in its longitudinal direction, its transverse direction and in the diagonal direction.
  • the flexible lattice structure exhibits the electrically conductive Paste a practically flat surface, so that such a heating element without intermediate layer z. B. immediately below the heated Surface can be arranged.
  • Such a surface may be formed for example by a leather or fabric support of a vehicle seat in a motor vehicle or by outer fabrics of functional clothing.
  • the flexible grid structure for the user is not felt to rise above the surface of the carrier on which it is disposed. In all load directions of the heating element, the flexible grid structure can follow the load and deform flexibly.
  • the crossing points are formed substantially circular. This has the advantage that current and / or mechanical voltage peaks are reliably avoided, so that no hotspots occur and no mechanical vulnerabilities.
  • the conductor cross section would be reduced by about 50% in the crossing region, which would result in a higher current density and a larger Joule heat; Such a locally increased heating power density is also called hotspot.
  • the paste can be flexible or flexible and stretchable.
  • the paste may for example be made of a dispersible thermoplastic polyurethane and consist of a conductive filler and a water-soluble thickener and water.
  • the thermoplastic polyurethane forms the binder of the paste and is both ductile and thermoformable.
  • the conductive filler is mixed in such a way that the conductive particles touch each other after processing, thus establishing the conductivity.
  • the grid structure may comprise grid elements and crossing points, wherein the grid elements are electrically conductively and mechanically interconnected by the crossing points.
  • the grid members may move relative to one another about the intersections, thereby substantially increasing the flexibility or flexibility and extensibility of the grid structure in the longitudinal, transverse, and diagonal directions as compared to only a linear electrical conductor of electrically conductive paste.
  • the crossing points are to be understood as joints so to speak, whereby the grid elements themselves are flexible or flexible and stretchable. It also stays maintain the functionality of the grid structure even when a grid element is interrupted.
  • the grid elements and the intersection points are flexible.
  • the overall flexible grid structure has the greatest possible flexibility.
  • the grid elements can be formed at least partially by polygon elements, in particular by diamond elements.
  • Diamond elements not only have the advantage of achieving high flexibility and excellent extensibility of the heating element. If the rhombic elements enclose free surfaces which are delimited by the rhombic element, these free surfaces can, if required, be used for good permeation through the heating element and / or mounting slots, by means of which the heating element can be mounted on a surface to be heated. Due to the good flexibility / mobility of the diamond elements, the grid structure can be brought into virtually any shape, so that the heating element may have the shape of a Polygonszugs or a shape in which straight lines, circular arcs and curve sections that have no sudden changes in direction alternate.
  • the width of the grid structure can be varied excellently by the rhombic elements. For example, if a larger width of the grid structure desired, additional diamond elements can be added by additional crossing points to existing diamond elements. In many applications it is desired that the current density or the heating power density of the heating element should be practically constant. By heating power density is meant here the electrical energy dissipated per area. In order to achieve this goal, it is often advantageous if the track width and the width of the heating structure can be varied
  • the rhombic elements cause a nearly homogeneous heat distribution on the surface to be heated.
  • the grid elements and / or the crossing points may have a different thickness and / or width.
  • the thickness is 50 microns to 250 microns and / or the width is 2 mm to 10 mm.
  • thicker tracks by the full-circle crossing points and / or by thicker paste order, which can be achieved for example by multiple printing, locally higher conductivities of the heating element can be achieved. Locally higher conductivities are for example advantageous if little heat is to be generated in supply lines.
  • the grid structure may have a beginning and an end, wherein the beginning and the end are each formed as a pad for surface contact of the grid structure.
  • the grid structure can cover the carrier areally. Despite the areal coverage and the resulting largely uniform heating power density, the free areas of the grid structure for mounting slots can be used to attach the heating element to the surface to be heated.
  • the carrier consists of a nonwoven fabric.
  • a nonwoven carrier has a good permeation, which is only slightly reduced by the lattice structure, in particular by diamond-shaped grid elements. Good permeation is particularly advantageous if the heating element is used, for example, as seat heating in motor vehicles or in functional clothing. By differences in temperature of the heating element to be heated to the surface or the surrounding area, vapor may form, which may be dissipated by the not covered by the grid structure carrier.
  • the carrier may have mounting recesses which are at least partially enclosed by grid elements. These mounting recesses can be arranged, for example, in the interior of the grid elements and / or at least partially surrounded by grid elements on the outside circumference.
  • the invention also relates to the use of a heating element, as described above, as seat heating in a motor vehicle.
  • a heating element can be located directly under the surface to be heated, the seat cover. Due to its flat surface, no components of the heating element press against the surface to be heated such that unevennesses arise on the side of the seat cover facing away from the heating element, which may be perceived as unpleasant by the user.
  • the effectiveness of the heating element by the immediate arrangement of the surface to be heated is particularly good, that is, the seat cover is heated quickly and energetically efficient, and the claimed heating element causes a nearly homogeneous heat distribution on the surface to be heated. Due to the flexible grid structure even strongly contoured seats can be provided with a seat heater.
  • Fig. 1 a section of a heating element is shown.
  • the surface to be heated 14 is in this case the reference of a car seat, wherein the reference in Fig. 1 from below, so on the side facing away from the seat, can be seen.
  • the lattice structure 2 can follow an arbitrary curve, thereby giving great freedom in the layout of, for example, a heating geometry.
  • the heating element comprises a carrier 1, which consists of a nonwoven fabric and is flexible, stretchable and permeable to air.
  • the flexible and stretchable grid structure 2 is arranged, which consists of an electrically conductive and flexible and stretchable paste 3.
  • the paste 3 can be applied to the carrier 1 by a printing method known per se.
  • the flexible grid structure 2 is arranged on the side facing away from the reference 14 of the carrier 1 or the flexible grid structure 2 is arranged on the side 14 of the carrier 1 facing the reference. To protect the flexible lattice structure 2, this can still be laminated by a protective layer, so that a sandwich-like structure of carrier 1, lattice structure 2 and protective layer results.
  • the paste 3 is also extensible during the intended use of the heating element, wherein the paste 3 contains, for example, a dispersible thermoplastic polyurethane and a conductive filler, as well as a water-soluble thickener and water.
  • the thermoplastic polyurethane then forms the binder of the paste 3 and is both extensible and thermoformable, so that the paste 3 is even after processing stretchable and deformable by thermal shaping processes.
  • the conductive filler is contained in the paste 3 so that the conductive particles touch after processing, thus establishing the conductivity.
  • the lattice structure 2 has lattice elements 4, which are connected by intersection points 5 both electrically conductive and mechanically.
  • the grid elements 4 and the crossing points 5 are integrally merging into each other and formed of the same material, so that, by the use of a flexible paste 3, both the grid elements 4 and the crossing points 5 are flexible.
  • the heating element according to the invention can be elastically deformed in the longitudinal direction, in the transverse direction and also in the diagonal direction, which is particularly when used as seat heating in motor vehicles or in the field of Functional clothing is of significant advantage.
  • the heating element does not contribute and does not change the functional properties of a seat or functional clothing in comparison to a seat or functional clothing, each without a heating element.
  • the grid elements 4 are predominantly formed by diamond elements 7, but other polygon elements 6, such as triangular elements, can be used.
  • a pad 12 is provided in each case in order to contact the grid structure 2 mechanically and electrically and thus to be able to connect to a current or voltage source.
  • the heating element can be fastened by mounting recesses 13 in the support 1 on the surface 14 to be heated, wherein the mounting recesses 13 are enclosed by the grid elements 4.
  • Fig. 1a is a section of Fig. 1 shown in section.
  • the arranged on the support 1 electrical conductors 15 form the flexible grid structure 2, which is produced by an electrically conductive paste 3 and the grid elements 4 comprises.
  • FIG. 2 and 3 two embodiments of grid elements 4 are shown, wherein a plurality of the grid elements 4, which can be combined with each other arbitrarily, form the grid structure 2.
  • All grid elements 4 are formed as polygon elements 6.
  • the crossing points 5 are each substantially circular in shape and connect rectilinear electrical conductors 15, wherein both the crossing points 5 and the rectilinear electrical conductors 15 integrally merge into each other and consist of the same material of a flexible electrically conductive paste 3.
  • a first embodiment of a grid element 4 is shown, which is formed as a rhombic element 7. Especially in the case of this grid element 4, it can be clearly seen that it is flexibly and elastically deformable in the longitudinal direction 16, transverse direction 17 and in the diagonal direction 18.
  • a second embodiment of a polygon element 6 is shown, which has the shape of a trapezoid substantially.
  • the crossing points 5 are formed in a full circle and connecting points for adjacent, not shown here grid elements.
  • the grid element 4 shown has a mounting recess 13 in its interior.
  • Fig. 4 the central crossing point is formed by crossing electrical conductors 15.
  • Fig. 5 the intersection point 5 is in contrast formed in a full circle and thereby, in comparison to the central intersection of Fig. 4 a larger cross-sectional area. This avoids hotspots.
  • a crossing point 5 is shown, which is formed drop-shaped.
  • Such a crossing point 5 has a cross-sectional area extending from the Fig. 5 virtually indistinguishable, in addition 15 rounded transitions are provided to increase the mechanical resistance in the transition region from the intersection point 5 to the adjacent electrical conductors.

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  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)

Description

Technisches GebietTechnical area

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Heizelement, umfassend einen Träger aus einem flexiblen Werkstoff, auf dem eine flexible Struktur aus einer elektrisch leitfähigen Paste angeordnet ist und die Verwendung eines solchen Heizelements.The invention relates to a heating element comprising a support made of a flexible material, on which a flexible structure is arranged made of an electrically conductive paste and the use of such a heating element.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Heizelemente sind allgemein bekannt und gelangen beispielsweise als Sitz- oder Wandheizung zur Anwendung.Heating elements are well known and are used for example as a seat or wall heating for use.

Ein Heizelement, wie eingangs genannt, ist aus der US 2005/0051536 A1 bekannt. Das elektrische Versorgungsnetz ist durch eine Struktur gebildet, die aus elektrischen Leitern besteht, die sich linienförmig und parallel zueinander erstrecken.A heating element, as mentioned above, is from the US 2005/0051536 A1 known. The electrical supply network is formed by a structure consisting of electrical conductors extending in a line and parallel to each other.

Ein weiteres Heizelement ist aus der US 2004/0051082 A1 bekannt. Der Träger besteht aus einer Textilie und ist mit einer elektrisch leitfähigen Gitterstruktur versehen. Die Gitterstruktur umfasst geradlinig verlaufende Gitterelemente, die sich kreuzen, und elektrisch leitend und mechanisch miteinander verbunden sind. Im Kreuzungsbereich der Gitterelemente ist der Leiterquerschnitt der Gitterelemente um etwa 50 % reduziert, wodurch sich eine höhere Stromdichte und eine größere Joulesche Wärme ergeben. Dadurch entsteht im Kreuzungsbereich eine erhöhte Heizleistungsdichte, ein so genannter Hotspot.Another heating element is out of the US 2004/0051082 A1 known. The carrier consists of a textile and is provided with an electrically conductive grid structure. The grid structure comprises rectilinear grid elements which intersect and are electrically conductively and mechanically interconnected. In the crossing region of the grid elements, the conductor cross-section of the grid elements is reduced by about 50%, resulting in a higher current density and give a greater Joule heat. This creates an increased heating power density, a so-called hotspot, in the intersection area.

Ein weiteres Heizelement ist aus der DE 10 2005 044 490 A1 bekannt. Das Heizelement umfasst mindestens eine Lage, welche eine Matrix aus funktionalen Fasern umfasst, wobei die Matrix elektrisch leitfähig und / oder erwärmbar ist und wobei die Matrix über Kontaktleitungen mit einer Strom- oder Spannungsquelle verbindbar ist. Das Heizelement kann im Automotive-Bereich zur Anwendung gelangen, wobei derartige Heizelemente insbesondere als Sitzheizung in Kraftfahrzeugen Verwendung finden.Another heating element is out of the DE 10 2005 044 490 A1 known. The heating element comprises at least one layer, which comprises a matrix of functional fibers, wherein the matrix is electrically conductive and / or heatable, and wherein the matrix is connectable via contact lines to a current or voltage source. The heating element can be used in the automotive sector, with such heating elements being used in particular as seat heating in motor vehicles.

Elektrisch druckfähige und leitfähige Pasten zur Herstellung von Heizelementen sind ebenfalls bekannt, zum Beispiel aus der EP 1 284 278 A2 . Die wässrige Beschichtungszusammensetzung enthält ein leitfähiges Pulver, bei dem ein Kern mit einer leitfähigen Schicht überzogen ist. Bevorzugt wird dabei ein Kern aus Glas mit Silber beschichtet. Die dort beschriebenen Pasten werden verwendet, um flächige Lagen, insbesondere Textilien und Vliesstoffe, zu beschichten und diese dadurch elektrisch leitfähig auszurüsten. Derartig beschichtete Lagen können zu flexiblen Leiterbahnen weiter verarbeitet werden. Dabei ist jedoch nachteilig, dass die vorbekannten Pasten aufgrund des Bindemittels nach dem Aufbringen auf die Lage und dem Aushärten nicht mehr dehnbar und nicht mehr thermisch verformbar sind. Eine mit der Paste beschichtete Lage ist demnach ebenfalls nicht mehr dehnbar. Die Paste kann folglich nicht eingesetzt werden, wo eine Dehnbarkeit des Materials erforderlich ist.Electrically printable and conductive pastes for the production of heating elements are also known, for example from the EP 1 284 278 A2 , The aqueous coating composition contains a conductive powder in which a core is coated with a conductive layer. Preference is given to a core made of glass coated with silver. The pastes described therein are used to coat sheet-like layers, in particular textiles and nonwovens, and to thereby equip them in an electrically conductive manner. Such coated layers can be further processed into flexible interconnects. However, it is disadvantageous that the prior art pastes are no longer stretchable and no longer thermally deformable due to the binder after application to the layer and curing. Accordingly, a layer coated with the paste is no longer expansible. Consequently, the paste can not be used where stretchability of the material is required.

Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Heizelement derart weiterzuentwickeln, dass es in Längsrichtung, Querrichtung und in diagonaler Richtung flexibel oder flexibel und dehnbar ist und dadurch besonders gut an die jeweiligen Gegebenheiten des Anwendungsfalls angepasst werden kann und dass auch bei gitterförmigen elektrisch leitfähigen Strukturen Bereiche lokal erhöhter Heizleistungsdichte, so genannte Hotspots, vermieden werden.The invention has for its object to further develop a heating element such that it is flexible or flexible and stretchable in the longitudinal direction, transverse direction and in the diagonal direction and thereby particularly well adapted to the particular circumstances of the application and that even with grid-shaped electrically conductive structures areas locally increased heating power density, so-called hotspots can be avoided.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit den Merkmalen von Anspruch 1 gelöst. Auf vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen nehmen die Unteransprüche Bezug.This object is achieved with the features of claim 1. In advantageous embodiments, the dependent claims relate.

Zur Lösung der Aufgabe ist es vorgesehen, dass die Struktur als Gitterstruktur ausgebildet ist, dass die Gitterstruktur Gitterelemente und Kreuzungspunkte umfasst, dass die Gitterelemente durch die Kreuzungspunkte elektrisch leitend und mechanisch miteinander verbunden sind und dass die Kreuzungspunkte im Wesentlichen kreisförmig ausgebildet sind. Die flexible Gitterstruktur aus einer elektrisch leitfähigen Paste ist von entscheidender Wichtigkeit, um ein Heizelement zu erhalten, das in seiner Längsrichtung, seiner Querrichtung und in diagonaler Richtung flexibel ist. Im Gegensatz zu Leiterbahnen aus Kupfer, die erhaben sind, weist die flexible Gitterstruktur aus der elektrisch leitfähigen Paste eine praktisch ebene Oberfläche auf, so dass ein derartiges Heizelement auch ohne Zwischenschicht z. B. unmittelbar unter der zu beheizenden Oberfläche angeordnet werden kann. Eine solche Oberfläche kann beispielsweise durch eine Leder- oder Stoffauflage eines Fahrzeugsitzes in einem Kraftfahrzeug gebildet sein oder durch Oberstoffe von Funktions-Bekleidung. In diesen Fällen ist es besonders vorteilhaft, dass sich die flexible Gitterstruktur für den Benutzer nicht fühlbar über die Oberfläche des Trägers, auf dem sie angeordnet ist, erhebt.
In allen Belastungsrichtungen des Heizelements kann die flexible Gitterstruktur der Belastung folgen und sich flexibel verformen.To achieve the object, it is provided that the structure is formed as a lattice structure, that the lattice structure comprises grid elements and crossing points, that the grid elements are electrically connected by the crossing points and mechanically interconnected and that the crossing points are formed substantially circular. The flexible grid structure of an electrically conductive paste is of crucial importance in order to obtain a heating element which is flexible in its longitudinal direction, its transverse direction and in the diagonal direction. In contrast to copper conductors, which are sublime, the flexible lattice structure exhibits the electrically conductive Paste a practically flat surface, so that such a heating element without intermediate layer z. B. immediately below the heated Surface can be arranged. Such a surface may be formed for example by a leather or fabric support of a vehicle seat in a motor vehicle or by outer fabrics of functional clothing. In these cases, it is particularly advantageous that the flexible grid structure for the user is not felt to rise above the surface of the carrier on which it is disposed.
In all load directions of the heating element, the flexible grid structure can follow the load and deform flexibly.

Die Kreuzungspunkte sind im Wesentlichen kreisförmig ausgebildet. Dadurch ist von Vorteil, dass Strom- und/oder mechanische Spannungsspitzen zuverlässig vermieden werden, so dass keine Hotspots entstehen und keine mechanischen Schwachstellen.The crossing points are formed substantially circular. This has the advantage that current and / or mechanical voltage peaks are reliably avoided, so that no hotspots occur and no mechanical vulnerabilities.

Wären die Kreuzungspunkte nur durch sich kreuzende elektrische Leiter gebildet, wäre der Leiterquerschnitt im Kreuzungsbereich um etwa 50% reduziert, wodurch sich eine höhere Stromdichte und eine größere Joulesche Wärme ergeben würde; eine solche lokal erhöhte Heizleistungsdichte wird auch Hotspot genannt.If the crossing points were formed only by intersecting electrical conductors, the conductor cross section would be reduced by about 50% in the crossing region, which would result in a higher current density and a larger Joule heat; Such a locally increased heating power density is also called hotspot.

Ist der Kreuzungspunkt demgegenüber vollkreisförmig ausgebildet, ergibt sich eine größere Querschnittsfläche im Kreuzungsbereich, keine höhere Stromdichte in diesem Bereich und deshalb auch kein Hotspot.On the other hand, if the crossing point has a full circular shape, a larger cross-sectional area results in the crossing area, no higher current density in this area and therefore no hotspot.

Bei einem tropfenförmigen Kreuzungspunkt ist die Querschnittsfläche im Kreuzungsbereich praktisch ebenso groß, wie bei einem vollkreisförmigen Kreuzungspunkt, jedoch ist eine solche Ausgestaltung mechanisch günstiger, weil sich im Übergangsbereich vom Kreuzungspunkt zu den angrenzenden elektrischen Leitern ein gerundeter Übergang ergibt und mechanische Spannungsspitzen im Übergangsbereich dadurch vermieden werden. Die Paste kann flexibel oder flexibel und dehnbar sein. Die Paste kann beispielsweise aus einem dispergierbaren thermoplastischen Polyurethan und einem leitfähigen Füllstoff bestehen und einen wasserlöslichen Verdicker und Wasser enthalten. Das thermoplastische Polyurethan bildet den Binder der Paste und ist sowohl dehnbar als auch thermisch verformbar. Somit ist die Paste auch nach dem Verarbeiten dehnbar und kann durch thermische Formgebungsprozesse jederzeit umgeformt werden, wobei die Dehnbarkeit der Paste erhalten bleibt. Der leitfähige Füllstoff wird so beigemischt, dass sich die leitfähigen Partikel nach dem Verarbeiten berühren und so die Leitfähigkeit herstellen.In a drop-shaped crossing point, the cross-sectional area is practically as large as in a full-circle crossing point, but such a configuration is mechanically favorable, because in the transition region from the crossing point to the adjacent electrical conductors results in a rounded transition and mechanical stress peaks in the transition region are avoided , The paste can be flexible or flexible and stretchable. The paste may for example be made of a dispersible thermoplastic polyurethane and consist of a conductive filler and a water-soluble thickener and water. The thermoplastic polyurethane forms the binder of the paste and is both ductile and thermoformable. Thus, the paste is stretchable even after processing and can be formed by thermal forming processes at any time, while the extensibility of the paste is maintained. The conductive filler is mixed in such a way that the conductive particles touch each other after processing, thus establishing the conductivity.

Die Gitterstruktur kann Gitterelemente und Kreuzungspunkte umfassen, wobei die Gitterelemente durch die Kreuzungspunkte elektrisch leitend und mechanisch miteinander verbunden sind. Die Gitterelemente können sich um die Kreuzungspunkte relativ zueinander bewegen, wodurch die Flexibilität oder die Flexibilität und Dehnbarkeit der Gitterstruktur in Längsrichtung, Querrichtung und in diagonaler Richtung im Vergleich zu nur einem linienförmigen elektrischen Leiter aus einer elektrisch leitfähigen Paste wesentlich erhöht ist. Die Kreuzungspunkte sind quasi als Gelenke zu verstehen, wobei auch die Gitterelemente selbst flexibel oder flexibel und dehnbar sind. Außerdem bleibt die Funktionsfähigkeit der Gitterstruktur auch bei einer Unterbrechung eines Gitterelements erhalten.The grid structure may comprise grid elements and crossing points, wherein the grid elements are electrically conductively and mechanically interconnected by the crossing points. The grid members may move relative to one another about the intersections, thereby substantially increasing the flexibility or flexibility and extensibility of the grid structure in the longitudinal, transverse, and diagonal directions as compared to only a linear electrical conductor of electrically conductive paste. The crossing points are to be understood as joints so to speak, whereby the grid elements themselves are flexible or flexible and stretchable. It also stays maintain the functionality of the grid structure even when a grid element is interrupted.

Für eine größtmögliche Flexibilität und eine möglichst gute Anpassung an die jeweiligen Gegebenheiten des Anwendungsfalls ist von Vorteil, wenn die Gitterelemente und die Kreuzungspunkte flexibel sind. Dadurch weist die insgesamt flexible Gitterstruktur eine größtmögliche Flexibilität auf.For maximum flexibility and the best possible adaptation to the particular circumstances of the application is advantageous if the grid elements and the intersection points are flexible. As a result, the overall flexible grid structure has the greatest possible flexibility.

Die Gitterelemente können zumindest teilweise durch Vieleckelemente gebildet sein, insbesondere durch Rautenelemente. Rautenelemente haben nicht nur den Vorteil, dass dadurch eine hohe Flexibilität und eine ausgezeichnete Dehnbarkeit des Heizelements erreicht werden. Schließen die Rautenelemente freie Flächen ein, die von dem Rautenelement begrenzt werden, so können diese freien Flächen im Bedarfsfall für einen gute Permeation durch das Heizelement und / oder Montageschlitze genutzt werden, durch die das Heizelement an einer zu beheizenden Fläche montierbar ist. Durch die gute Flexibilität / Beweglichkeit der Rautenelemente kann die Gitterstruktur praktisch in beliebige Formen gebracht werden, so dass das Heizelement die Form eines Polygonszugs aufweisen kann oder eine Form, bei der sich Geraden, Kreisbögen und Kurvenabschnitte, die keine sprunghaften Richtungsänderungen aufweisen, abwechseln.The grid elements can be formed at least partially by polygon elements, in particular by diamond elements. Diamond elements not only have the advantage of achieving high flexibility and excellent extensibility of the heating element. If the rhombic elements enclose free surfaces which are delimited by the rhombic element, these free surfaces can, if required, be used for good permeation through the heating element and / or mounting slots, by means of which the heating element can be mounted on a surface to be heated. Due to the good flexibility / mobility of the diamond elements, the grid structure can be brought into virtually any shape, so that the heating element may have the shape of a Polygonszugs or a shape in which straight lines, circular arcs and curve sections that have no sudden changes in direction alternate.

Die Breite der Gitterstruktur kann durch die Rautenelemente ausgezeichnet variiert werden. Ist beispielsweise eine größere Breite der Gitterstruktur gewünscht, können zusätzliche Rautenelemente durch zusätzliche Kreuzungspunkte an bestehende Rautenelemente angefügt werden. In vielen Anwendungsfällen ist es gewünscht, dass die Stromdichte oder die Heizleistungsdichte des Heizelements praktisch konstant sein soll. Unter Heizleistungsdichte wird hier die pro Fläche dissipierte elektrische Energie verstanden. Um dieses Ziel zu erreichen, ist es häufig vorteilhaft, wenn die Leiterbahnbreite und die Breite der Heizstruktur variiert werden kannThe width of the grid structure can be varied excellently by the rhombic elements. For example, if a larger width of the grid structure desired, additional diamond elements can be added by additional crossing points to existing diamond elements. In many applications it is desired that the current density or the heating power density of the heating element should be practically constant. By heating power density is meant here the electrical energy dissipated per area. In order to achieve this goal, it is often advantageous if the track width and the width of the heating structure can be varied

Die Rautenelemente bewirken eine nahezu homogene Wärmeverteilung auf der zu beheizenden Oberfläche.The rhombic elements cause a nearly homogeneous heat distribution on the surface to be heated.

Die Gitterelemente und / oder die Kreuzungspunkte können eine voneinander abweichende Dicke und / oder Breite aufweisen.The grid elements and / or the crossing points may have a different thickness and / or width.

Für viele Anwendungsfälle ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Dicke 50 µm bis 250 µm beträgt und / oder die Breite 2 mm bis 10 mm beträgt. Durch dickere Leiterbahnen, durch die vollkreisförmigen Kreuzungspunkte und / oder durch dickeren Pastenauftrag, der beispielsweise durch Mehrfachdruck erreicht werden kann, können lokal höhere Leitfähigkeiten des Heizelements erreicht werden. Lokal höhere Leitfähigkeiten sind zum Beispiel dann von Vorteil, wenn in Zuleitungen wenig Wärme erzeugt werden soll.For many applications, it is advantageous if the thickness is 50 microns to 250 microns and / or the width is 2 mm to 10 mm. By thicker tracks, by the full-circle crossing points and / or by thicker paste order, which can be achieved for example by multiple printing, locally higher conductivities of the heating element can be achieved. Locally higher conductivities are for example advantageous if little heat is to be generated in supply lines.

Die Gitterstruktur kann einen Anfang und ein Ende aufweisen, wobei der Anfang und das Ende jeweils als Pad zur flächigen Kontaktierung der Gitterstruktur ausgebildet sind. Dadurch ist eine sichere und dauerhafte mechanische und elektrische Kontaktierung der Gitterstruktur möglich, und die Gefahr von Funktionsstörungen des Heizelements ist auf ein Minimum begrenzt.The grid structure may have a beginning and an end, wherein the beginning and the end are each formed as a pad for surface contact of the grid structure. As a result, a secure and durable mechanical and electrical contacting of the grid structure is possible, and the risk of malfunction of the heating element is limited to a minimum.

Die Gitterstruktur kann den Träger flächig überdecken. Trotz der flächigen Überdeckung und der daraus resultierenden weitgehend gleichmäßigen Heizleistungsdichte können die freien Bereiche der Gitterstruktur für Montageschlitze zur Befestigung des Heizelements an der zu beheizenden Oberfläche genutzt werden.The grid structure can cover the carrier areally. Despite the areal coverage and the resulting largely uniform heating power density, the free areas of the grid structure for mounting slots can be used to attach the heating element to the surface to be heated.

Bevorzugt besteht der Träger aus einem Vliesstoff. Ein solcher Vliesstoffträger weist eine gute Permeation auf, die durch die Gitterstruktur, insbesondere durch rautenförmige Gitterelemente, nur gering reduziert wird. Eine gute Permeation ist insbesondere dann von Vorteil, wenn das Heizelement zum Beispiel als Sitzheizung in Kraftfahrzeugen oder in Funktions-Kleidung zur Anwendung gelangt. Durch Temperaturunterschiede des Heizelements zur zu beheizenden Oberfläche oder der Umgebung kann Dampf entstehen, der durch den nicht von der Gitterstruktur bedeckten Träger abgeführt werden kann.Preferably, the carrier consists of a nonwoven fabric. Such a nonwoven carrier has a good permeation, which is only slightly reduced by the lattice structure, in particular by diamond-shaped grid elements. Good permeation is particularly advantageous if the heating element is used, for example, as seat heating in motor vehicles or in functional clothing. By differences in temperature of the heating element to be heated to the surface or the surrounding area, vapor may form, which may be dissipated by the not covered by the grid structure carrier.

Der Träger kann Montageausnehmungen aufweisen, die von Gitterelementen zumindest teilweise umschlossen sind. Diese Montageausnehmungen können beispielsweise im Inneren der Gitterelemente angeordnet und / oder von Gitterelementen außenumfangsseitig zumindest teilweise umschlossen sein.The carrier may have mounting recesses which are at least partially enclosed by grid elements. These mounting recesses can be arranged, for example, in the interior of the grid elements and / or at least partially surrounded by grid elements on the outside circumference.

Die Erfindung betrifft außerdem die Verwendung eines Heizelements, wie zuvor beschrieben, als Sitzheizung in einem Kraftfahrzeug. Eine derartige Verwendung ist besonders vorteilhaft, weil das Heizelement unmittelbar unter der zu beheizenden Oberfläche, dem Sitzbezug, angeordnet sein kann. Durch seine ebene Oberfläche drücken sich keine Bestandteile des Heizelements derart an die zu beheizende Oberfläche, dass auf der dem Heizelement abgewandten Seite des Sitzbezugs Unebenheiten entstehen, die vom Benutzer als unangenehm empfunden werden könnten. Außerdem ist die Wirksamkeit des Heizelements durch die unmittelbare Anordnung an der zu beheizenden Oberfläche besonders gut, das heißt der Sitzbezug wird schnell und energetisch effizient erwärmt, und das beanspruchte Heizelement bewirkt eine nahezu homogene Wärmeverteilung auf der zu beheizenden Oberfläche. Durch die flexible Gitterstruktur können auch stark konturierte Sitze mit einer Sitzheizung versehen werden.The invention also relates to the use of a heating element, as described above, as seat heating in a motor vehicle. Such a use is particularly advantageous because the heating element can be located directly under the surface to be heated, the seat cover. Due to its flat surface, no components of the heating element press against the surface to be heated such that unevennesses arise on the side of the seat cover facing away from the heating element, which may be perceived as unpleasant by the user. In addition, the effectiveness of the heating element by the immediate arrangement of the surface to be heated is particularly good, that is, the seat cover is heated quickly and energetically efficient, and the claimed heating element causes a nearly homogeneous heat distribution on the surface to be heated. Due to the flexible grid structure even strongly contoured seats can be provided with a seat heater.

Kurzbeschreibung der ZeichnungBrief description of the drawing

Ausführungsbeispiele eines erfindungsgemäßen Heizelements werden nachfolgend anhand der Figuren 1 bis 6 näher beschrieben.Embodiments of a heating element according to the invention are described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6 described in more detail.

Die Figuren 1 bis 6 zeigen jeweils in schematischer Darstellung:

Fig. 1 und 1a
einen Ausschnitt aus einem erfindungsgemäßen Heizelement, das als Sitzheizung in einem Kraftfahrzeug zur Anwendung gelangt, in einer Ansicht (Fig. 1) und im Schnitt (Fig. 1a),
Fig. 2 und 3
jeweils einzelne Gitterelemente mit Kreuzungspunkten, die Bestandteil der Gitterstruktur des Heizelements aus Fig. 1 sind,
Fig. 4 bis 6
Ausführungsbeispiele von Kreuzungspunkten
The FIGS. 1 to 6 each show in a schematic representation:
Fig. 1 and 1a
a section of a heating element according to the invention, as a seat heater in a motor vehicle in one view ( Fig. 1 ) and on average ( Fig. 1a )
FIGS. 2 and 3
each individual grid elements with crossing points, which are part of the lattice structure of the heating element Fig. 1 are,
4 to 6
Embodiments of crossing points

Ausführung der ErfindungEmbodiment of the invention

In Fig. 1 ist ein Ausschnitt aus einem Heizelement gezeigt. Die zu beheizende Oberfläche 14 ist in diesem Fall der Bezug eines Autositzes, wobei der Bezug in Fig. 1 von unten, also auf der der Sitzfläche abgewandten Seite, zu sehen ist. Die Gitterstruktur 2 kann einer beliebigen Kurve folgen, so dass dadurch eine große Freiheit beim Layout zum Beispiel einer Heizgeometrie gegeben ist.In Fig. 1 a section of a heating element is shown. The surface to be heated 14 is in this case the reference of a car seat, wherein the reference in Fig. 1 from below, so on the side facing away from the seat, can be seen. The lattice structure 2 can follow an arbitrary curve, thereby giving great freedom in the layout of, for example, a heating geometry.

Das Heizelement umfasst einen Träger 1, der aus einem Vliesstoff besteht und flexibel, dehnbar und luftdurchlässig ist. Auf dem Träger 1 ist die flexible und dehnbare Gitterstruktur 2 angeordnet, die aus einer elektrisch leitfähigen sowie flexiblen und dehnbaren Paste 3 besteht. Die Paste 3 kann durch ein Druckverfahren, das an sich bekannt ist, auf den Träger 1 aufgebracht werden. Die flexible Gitterstruktur 2 ist auf der dem Bezug 14 abgewandten Seite des Trägers 1 angeordnet oder die flexible Gitterstruktur 2 ist auf der dem Bezug 14 zugewandten Seite des Trägers 1 angeordnet. Zum Schutz der flexiblen Gitterstruktur 2 kann diese noch von einer Schutzschicht kaschiert sein, so dass sich ein sandwichartiger Aufbau aus Träger 1, Gitterstruktur 2 und Schutzschicht ergibt.The heating element comprises a carrier 1, which consists of a nonwoven fabric and is flexible, stretchable and permeable to air. On the support 1, the flexible and stretchable grid structure 2 is arranged, which consists of an electrically conductive and flexible and stretchable paste 3. The paste 3 can be applied to the carrier 1 by a printing method known per se. The flexible grid structure 2 is arranged on the side facing away from the reference 14 of the carrier 1 or the flexible grid structure 2 is arranged on the side 14 of the carrier 1 facing the reference. To protect the flexible lattice structure 2, this can still be laminated by a protective layer, so that a sandwich-like structure of carrier 1, lattice structure 2 and protective layer results.

Die Paste 3 ist auch während der bestimmungsgemäßen Verwendung des Heizelements dehnbar, wobei die Paste 3 zum Beispiel ein dispergierbares thermoplastisches Polyurethan und einen leitfähigen Füllstoff enthält, sowie einen wasserlöslichen Verdicker und Wasser. Das thermoplastische Polyurethan bildet dann den Binder der Paste 3 und ist sowohl dehnbar als auch thermisch verformbar, so dass die Paste 3 auch nach dem Verarbeiten dehnbar und durch thermische Formgebungsprozesse umformbar ist. Der leitfähige Füllstoff ist derart in der Paste 3 enthalten, dass sich die leitfähigen Partikel nach dem Verarbeiten berühren und so die Leitfähigkeit herstellen.The paste 3 is also extensible during the intended use of the heating element, wherein the paste 3 contains, for example, a dispersible thermoplastic polyurethane and a conductive filler, as well as a water-soluble thickener and water. The thermoplastic polyurethane then forms the binder of the paste 3 and is both extensible and thermoformable, so that the paste 3 is even after processing stretchable and deformable by thermal shaping processes. The conductive filler is contained in the paste 3 so that the conductive particles touch after processing, thus establishing the conductivity.

Die Gitterstruktur 2 weist Gitterelemente 4 auf, die durch Kreuzungspunkte 5 sowohl elektrisch leitend als auch mechanisch miteinander verbunden sind. In dem hier gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel sind die Gitterelemente 4 und die Kreuzungspunkte 5 einstückig ineinander übergehend und materialeinheitlich ausgebildet, so dass, durch die Verwendung einer flexiblen Paste 3 sowohl die Gitterelemente 4 als auch die Kreuzungspunkte 5 flexibel sind. Durch den elastischen Vliesstoff-Träger 1, durch Schlitze 19 des Trägers 1 und durch die elastische Gitterstruktur 2 kann das erfindungsgemäße Heizelement in Längsrichtung, in Querrichtung und auch in diagonaler Richtung elastisch verformt werden, was insbesondere bei Verwendung als Sitzheizung in Kraftfahrzeugen oder im Bereich von Funktions-Kleidung von wesentlichem Vorteil ist. Das Heizelement trägt dadurch nicht auf und verändert die Gebrauchseigenschaften eines Sitzes oder von Funktionskleidung im Vergleich zu einem Sitz oder Funktionskleidung, jeweils ohne Heizelement, nicht. Die Gitterelemente 4 sind überwiegend durch Rautenelemente 7 gebildet, wobei jedoch auch andere Vieleckelemente 6, wie beispielsweise Dreieckelemente, zur Anwendung gelangen können.The lattice structure 2 has lattice elements 4, which are connected by intersection points 5 both electrically conductive and mechanically. In the embodiment shown here, the grid elements 4 and the crossing points 5 are integrally merging into each other and formed of the same material, so that, by the use of a flexible paste 3, both the grid elements 4 and the crossing points 5 are flexible. Through the elastic nonwoven substrate 1, through slots 19 of the carrier 1 and through the elastic grid structure 2, the heating element according to the invention can be elastically deformed in the longitudinal direction, in the transverse direction and also in the diagonal direction, which is particularly when used as seat heating in motor vehicles or in the field of Functional clothing is of significant advantage. As a result, the heating element does not contribute and does not change the functional properties of a seat or functional clothing in comparison to a seat or functional clothing, each without a heating element. The grid elements 4 are predominantly formed by diamond elements 7, but other polygon elements 6, such as triangular elements, can be used.

Am Anfang 10 und Ende 11 ist jeweils ein Pad 12 vorgesehen, um die Gitterstruktur 2 mechanisch und elektrisch kontaktieren und so an eine Strom- oder Spannungsquelle anschließen zu können.At the beginning 10 and end 11, a pad 12 is provided in each case in order to contact the grid structure 2 mechanically and electrically and thus to be able to connect to a current or voltage source.

Das Heizelement ist durch Montageausnehmungen 13 im Träger 1 an der zu beheizenden Oberfläche 14 befestigbar, wobei die Montageausnehmungen 13 von den Gitterelementen 4 umschlossen sind.The heating element can be fastened by mounting recesses 13 in the support 1 on the surface 14 to be heated, wherein the mounting recesses 13 are enclosed by the grid elements 4.

In Fig. 1a ist ein Ausschnitt aus Fig. 1 im Schnitt dargestellt. Die auf dem Träger 1 angeordneten elektrischen Leiter 15 bilden die flexible Gitterstruktur 2, die durch eine elektrisch leitfähige Paste 3 erzeugt ist und die Gitterelemente 4 umfasst.In Fig. 1a is a section of Fig. 1 shown in section. The arranged on the support 1 electrical conductors 15 form the flexible grid structure 2, which is produced by an electrically conductive paste 3 and the grid elements 4 comprises.

In den Fig. 2 und 3 sind zwei Ausführungsbeispiele von Gitterelementen 4 gezeigt, wobei eine Vielzahl der Gitterelemente 4, die beliebig miteinander kombiniert werden können, die Gitterstruktur 2 bilden.In the Fig. 2 and 3 two embodiments of grid elements 4 are shown, wherein a plurality of the grid elements 4, which can be combined with each other arbitrarily, form the grid structure 2.

Alle Gitterelemente 4 sind als Vieleckelemente 6 ausgebildet.All grid elements 4 are formed as polygon elements 6.

Die Kreuzungspunkte 5 sind jeweils im Wesentlichen kreisförmig ausgebildet und verbinden geradlinige elektrische Leiter 15, wobei sowohl die Kreuzungspunkte 5 als auch die geradlinigen elektrischen Leiter 15 einstückig ineinander übergehend und materialeinheitlich aus einer flexiblen elektrisch leitfähigen Paste 3 bestehen.The crossing points 5 are each substantially circular in shape and connect rectilinear electrical conductors 15, wherein both the crossing points 5 and the rectilinear electrical conductors 15 integrally merge into each other and consist of the same material of a flexible electrically conductive paste 3.

In Fig. 2 ist ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Gitterelements 4 gezeigt, das als Rautenelement 7 ausgebildet ist. Speziell bei diesem Gitterelement 4 ist gut zu erkennen, dass es in Längsrichtung 16, Querrichtung 17 und in diagonaler Richtung 18 flexibel und elastisch verformbar ist.In Fig. 2 a first embodiment of a grid element 4 is shown, which is formed as a rhombic element 7. Especially in the case of this grid element 4, it can be clearly seen that it is flexibly and elastically deformable in the longitudinal direction 16, transverse direction 17 and in the diagonal direction 18.

In Fig. 3 ist ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel eines Vieleckelements 6 gezeigt, das im Wesentlichen die Gestalt eines Trapezes hat. Die Kreuzungspunkte 5 sind, vollkreisförmig ausgebildet und Anknüpfungspunkte für benachbarte, hier nicht dargestellte Gitterelemente. Das gezeigte Gitterelement 4 hat in seinem Inneren eine Montageausnehmung 13.In Fig. 3 a second embodiment of a polygon element 6 is shown, which has the shape of a trapezoid substantially. The crossing points 5 are formed in a full circle and connecting points for adjacent, not shown here grid elements. The grid element 4 shown has a mounting recess 13 in its interior.

In den Fig. 4 bis 6 sind Ausführungsbeispiele von Kreuzungspunkten 5 dargestellt.In the 4 to 6 Embodiments of crossing points 5 are shown.

In Fig. 4 ist der zentrale Kreuzungspunkt durch sich kreuzende elektrische Leiter 15 gebildet.In Fig. 4 the central crossing point is formed by crossing electrical conductors 15.

In Fig. 5 ist der Kreuzungspunkt 5 demgegenüber vollkreisförmig ausgebildet und hat dadurch, im Vergleich zum zentralen Kreuzungspunkt aus Fig. 4 eine größere Querschnittsfläche. Dadurch werden Hotspots vermieden.In Fig. 5 the intersection point 5 is in contrast formed in a full circle and thereby, in comparison to the central intersection of Fig. 4 a larger cross-sectional area. This avoids hotspots.

In Fig. 6 ist ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines Kreuzungspunkts 5 gezeigt, der tropfenförmig ausgebildet ist. Ein solcher Kreuzungspunkt 5 hat eine Querschnittsfläche, die sich von der aus Fig. 5 praktisch nicht unterscheidet, wobei zusätzlich im Übergangsbereich vom Kreuzungspunkt 5 zu den angrenzenden elektrischen Leitern 15 gerundete Übergänge zur Erhöhung der mechanischen Widerstandsfähigkeit vorgesehen sind.In Fig. 6 a further embodiment of a crossing point 5 is shown, which is formed drop-shaped. Such a crossing point 5 has a cross-sectional area extending from the Fig. 5 virtually indistinguishable, in addition 15 rounded transitions are provided to increase the mechanical resistance in the transition region from the intersection point 5 to the adjacent electrical conductors.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Trägercarrier
22
flexible Gitterstrukturflexible lattice structure
33
elektrisch leitfähige Pasteelectrically conductive paste
44
Gitterelementegrid elements
55
Kreuzungspunktecrossing points
66
VieleckelementeVieleckelemente
77
Rautenelementerhombic elements
88th
Dickethickness
99
Breitewidth
1010
AnfangBeginning
1111
EndeThe End
1212
Padpad
1313
Montageausnehmungenassembly recesses
1414
zu beheizende Oberflächesurface to be heated
1515
elektrische Leiterelectrical conductors
1616
Längsrichtunglongitudinal direction
1717
Querrichtungtransversely
1818
diagonale Richtungdiagonal direction
1919
Schlitzslot

Claims (14)

  1. Heating element, comprising a support (1) which is composed of a flexible material and on which a flexible structure comprising an electrically conductive paste (3) is arranged, characterized in that the structure is in the form of a lattice structure (2), in that the lattice structure (2) comprises lattice elements (4) and intersection points (5), in that the lattice elements (4) are electrically conductively and mechanically connected to one another by the intersection points (5), and in that the intersection points (5) are substantially circular.
  2. Heating element according to Claim 1, characterized in that the intersection points (5) are fully circular.
  3. Heating element according to Claim 1, characterized in that the intersection points (5) are drop-shaped.
  4. Heating element according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the paste (3) is flexible or flexible and expandable.
  5. Heating element according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the lattice elements (4) and/or the intersection points (5) are flexible.
  6. Heating element according to one of Claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the lattice elements (4) are at least partially formed by polygonal elements (6).
  7. Heating element according to one of Claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the lattice elements (4) are at least partially formed by rhombic elements (7).
  8. Heating element according to one of Claims 3 to 7, characterized in that the lattice elements (4) and/or the intersection points (5) have a thickness (8) and/or width (9) which duffer from one another in each case.
  9. Heating element according to Claim 8, characterized in that the thickness (8) is from 50 µm to 250 µm and/or the width (9) is from 2 mm to 10 mm.
  10. Heating element according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the lattice structure (2) has a start (10) and an end (11), and in that the start (10) and the end (11) are each in the form of a pad (12) for contact to be made with the surface of the lattice structure (2).
  11. Heating element according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the lattice structure (2) covers the surface of the support (1).
  12. Heating element according to one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the support (1) is composed of a nonwoven fabric.
  13. Heating element according to one of Claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the support (1) has mounting recesses (13) which are at least partially surrounded by the lattice elements (4).
  14. Use of a heating element according to one of Claims 1 to 13 as a seat heater in a motor vesicle.
EP10001926.4A 2009-03-27 2010-02-25 Heating element and its use Not-in-force EP2234455B1 (en)

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EP2234455A3 (en) 2011-08-10
US8704140B2 (en) 2014-04-22
US20100270279A1 (en) 2010-10-28
DE102009014697A1 (en) 2010-10-07
EP2234455A2 (en) 2010-09-29

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