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EP2276964A1 - Composite pressure gas tank - Google Patents

Composite pressure gas tank

Info

Publication number
EP2276964A1
EP2276964A1 EP09749522A EP09749522A EP2276964A1 EP 2276964 A1 EP2276964 A1 EP 2276964A1 EP 09749522 A EP09749522 A EP 09749522A EP 09749522 A EP09749522 A EP 09749522A EP 2276964 A1 EP2276964 A1 EP 2276964A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
aluminum
liner
welded
steel material
compressed gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP09749522A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2276964B1 (en
Inventor
Bastian Landeck
Gregor Fischer
Achim Baier
Sylvain Bastian
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Original Assignee
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayerische Motoren Werke AG filed Critical Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Publication of EP2276964A1 publication Critical patent/EP2276964A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2276964B1 publication Critical patent/EP2276964B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/14—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge constructed of aluminium; constructed of non-magnetic steel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0305—Bosses, e.g. boss collars

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a composite compressed gas container for a gas, with an outer shell and a liner surrounded by this made of a light metal, in particular aluminum or an aluminum alloy, in whose inlet and outlet opening at least one channel for the supply and / or discharge of gas exhibiting closure element is used.
  • a container can be used for example or preferably on a motor vehicle to store CNG or hydrogen, for example, also in a cryogenic state, as energy carrier for the vehicle drive unit or for an auxiliary unit.
  • the basically known, for example, bottle-shaped composite compressed gas containers with aluminum Linem are characterized by a relatively low weight and are thus well suited for storage of compressed gas in vehicles.
  • a recent development is to store cryogenic hydrogen under pressure in the supercritical state as an energy source for a vehicle-driven aggregate.
  • the stored hydrogen can have a temperature of 35 Kelvin, while under other operating conditions, pressure values of the order of magnitude of 300 bar and more can occur in the pressure vessel system. It is desirable to keep an (undesired) heat input from the environment in the compressed gas tank as low as possible.
  • connection lines of a compressed gas tank via which this is loaded or unloaded, at the same time a heat exchange, ie it is through these connecting lines, the channel or channels for the supply of gas into the compressed gas tank or for the discharge of gas contain the pressurized gas container, introduced heat from the environment in the interior of the gas cylinder. Therefore, the materials used for these connecting lines should have a relatively low thermal conductivity (with sufficient strength at the same time) in order to reduce the heat input into the compressed gas container.
  • these connection lines can therefore be made in stainless steel.
  • connection line system In view of the above-mentioned high pressure values, the connections between individual lines of the connection line system and between the connection line (s) and the aluminum liner of the compressed gas container must also be absolutely pressure-tight, which is why practically only welded connections are possible.
  • Stainless steel as a material is not easy to weld with aluminum.
  • the solution consists of a composite compressed gas container with an outer shell and a liner of a light metal, in particular made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, in whose inlet and outlet opening at least one channel for the supply and / or discharge of gas exhibiting closure element used and is connected directly or indirectly by a welded joint to the liner and at its channel or channels adjoining a steel material connecting line and wherein a transition element is provided, the first end portion made of light metal, in particular aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and either with welded to the liner or with the light metal, in particular of aluminum or an aluminum alloy closure element, and whose other end portion consists of a steel material, either with the existing of a steel material closure element or welded to the existing of a steel material connecting cable.
  • a so-called transition element is provided, through which the channel or channels continuing in the connecting line is / are guided directly or indirectly, ie with the interposition of another component.
  • the two end portions of this transition element consist of different materials, namely aluminum or a weldable aluminum alloy on the one hand and steel, preferably stainless steel other- on the other hand, whereby it is possible to relatively easily weld this transition element with its first end portion to an aluminum component of the pressure gas container, its closure element and the connecting line assembly of the compressed gas container, while the second steel end portion of the transition element relatively easy with a consisting of a steel material component of the pressure gas container, the closure element and the connection line formed unit can be welded.
  • transition element of which an aluminum end section is connected to a (noble) steel end section
  • elaborate welded joints such as preferably friction welding or explosive welding on a separate transition element still relatively easy to implement, as long as no other components, such as the compressed gas tank itself or the connecting line (s) are in the vicinity or must be considered.
  • a clamping element surrounding the transition element, in particular in the joint region or joining region of the two materials (namely aluminum and steel).
  • FIGS. 1-4 show four embodiments in each case in a schematic representation as a section through the region of the supply and discharge opening of a composite compressed gas container according to the invention.
  • the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and essential to the invention may be all the features described in more detail.
  • the reference numeral 1 denotes a composite compressed gas container, of which only the area in the vicinity of the inlet and outlet opening 1 c of this compressed gas container 1 is shown figuratively.
  • this composite compressed gas container consists of a so-called aluminum liner 1a which is replaced by a CFRP Outer shell 1 b is wrapped. Within this liner 1a, cryogenic hydrogen should first be stored in the supercritical state and at pressures of 300 bar and more.
  • the hydrogen gas is introduced into the compressed gas container 1 or into the cavity of the liner 1 a via a feed channel 2 a, while for the removal of hydrogen gas from the compressed gas container 1 (for supplying a vehicle drive unit with this hydrogen as an energy source) a discharge channel 2b is provided.
  • These two channels 2a, 2b are passed through a in the supply and discharge opening 1c of the gas cylinder 1, the liner 1a is formed in this area in the manner of a bottle neck 1a * inserted closure element 3 and penetrate directly or indirectly continue to be a so-called. Transition element 4th , which will be discussed in more detail below.
  • the channels 2a and 2b continue in connecting lines 5a and 5b, which are made of stainless steel.
  • the closure element 3 is (also) made of stainless steel and connected to the liner 1a via a threaded section 11, ie screwed into its bottleneck 1a * .
  • this screw in conjunction with a conventional sealing element used can not meet the requirements of the tightness (especially over the entire possible temperature range), which is why it is necessary to represent a welded joint, but between the different materials, namely the aluminum material the liner 1a and the steel material of the closure element 3 is not easily possible.
  • Transition element 4 is provided here, which adjoins the end face of the bottle neck 1a * of the liner 1a with one side and rests with its other side on a stepped shoulder 3a of the closure element 3.
  • the second individual element 4b of the transitional element 4 which abuts the free end portion of the closure element 3 in a second, likewise annular and perpendicular to the channels 2a, 2b in the region of the bottle neck 1a * , is made of a steel material, so that in FIG In this second joining region 13, a welded connection between the second individual element 4b of the transition element 4 and the sealing element 3 made of noble steel can be easily produced.
  • the prefabricated transition element 4 After assembly or welding of the prefabricated transition element 4 with the liner 1a on the one hand and with the closure element 3 on the other hand can on the outer periphery of the transition element 4 a this particular in the joint area or joining region 14 of the two individual elements 4a, 4b and thus the two materials, namely aluminum and steel, surrounding clamping element 6 are applied, which prevents potential deformations in particular of the transition element 4 due to the high pressure loads.
  • This tensioning element 6 may preferably be a shrunk-on steel ring.
  • the connecting elements 5 a, 5 b which are preferably made of noble steel, can easily be connected to the closure element 3, which is made of noble steel, in the region of the channels 2 a, 2 b via welded connections.
  • the transition element 4 more precisely its individual element 4a facing the liner 1a, simultaneously assumes the same Function of the closure element 3.
  • this single element 4a of the transition element 4 as well as the liner 1a is made of aluminum or in a suitable aluminum alloy and with the liner 1a or with the front side of the bottle neck 1a * in an annular, in the essentially perpendicular to the channels 2a, 2b extending joining region 12 welded.
  • the individual element 4a of the transition element 4 is connected via a threaded portion 11 with the liner 1a, but this latter screw in conjunction with a conventional sealing element used can not meet the requirements for tightness (especially over the entire possible temperature range), which is why already mentioned weld joint is provided in the joining region 12.
  • the second individual element 4b of the transition element 4 is (again) made of steel, so that the two connecting lines 5a, 5b (again) can connect to this single element 4b with the channels 2a, 2b extending therein via a welded connection.
  • an independent closure element 3 is provided consisting of an aluminum material, which consequently with the liner 1a or with its bottleneck 1a * in an annular, substantially perpendicular to the course of the channels 2a, 2b extending in this area Joining area 12 can be easily welded.
  • An equally simple welded connection is possible between the other end section of this closure element 3 and the here two transition elements 4, which are provided for the two channels 2a, 2b emerging in different directions from the closure element 3.
  • These two transition elements 4 In each case analogously to the preceding exemplary embodiments, in each case a first individual element 4a consisting of an aluminum material and a second individual element 4b adjoining this, consisting of a steel material, are provided.
  • FIG. 4 is similar to the embodiment of Figure 2 designed, with the difference that the single element 4b of the transition element 4, which here again forms the closure element 3, the inside of the container 1 faces, while the other single element 4a on the outside lies. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the connecting lines 5a, 5b welded to the single element 4b, while the individual element 4a is welded in the joining region 12 with the linear 1a.
  • transition element 4 which can be manufactured beforehand in a more elaborate production process, it is thus possible to connect leads 5a, 5b to a composite compressed gas container 1 with an aluminum liner 1a in a relatively simple and reliable manner via relatively simple welded joints

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a composite pressure gas tank for a gas, having an outer shell and a liner encompassed thereby made of a light alloy metal, particularly of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, a closing element having at least one channel for infeeding and/or discharging gas in the outlet and inlet opening thereof being inserted and connected directly or indirectly to the liner by a weld joint, and a connecting line made of steel being connected to the channel or channels thereof, and wherein a transition element has a first end segment made of light alloy metal, particularly of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and welded either to the liner or to the closing element made of light alloy metal, particularly of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and the other end segment thereof being made of a steel material welded either to the closing element made of a steel material or to the connecting line made of a steel material.

Description

Composite-Druckgasbehälter Composite gas cylinder
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Composite-Druckgasbehälter für ein Gas, mit einer Außenhülle und einem von dieser umhüllten Liner aus einem Leichtmetall, insbesondere aus Aluminium oder einer Aluminiumlegierung, in dessen Zu- und Abfuhröffnung ein zumindest einen Kanal für die Zufuhr und/oder Abfuhr von Gas aufweisendes Verschlusselement eingesetzt ist. Ein solcher Behälter kann beispielsweise bzw. vorzugsweise an einem Kraftfahrzeug zum Einsatz kommen, um CNG oder Wasserstoff beispielsweise auch in kryogenem Zustand, als Energieträger für das Fahrzeug-Antriebsaggregat oder für ein Hilfsaggregat zu speichern.The invention relates to a composite compressed gas container for a gas, with an outer shell and a liner surrounded by this made of a light metal, in particular aluminum or an aluminum alloy, in whose inlet and outlet opening at least one channel for the supply and / or discharge of gas exhibiting closure element is used. Such a container can be used for example or preferably on a motor vehicle to store CNG or hydrogen, for example, also in a cryogenic state, as energy carrier for the vehicle drive unit or for an auxiliary unit.
Die grundsätzlich bekannten bspw. flaschenförmigen Composite-Druckgasbehälter mit Aluminium-Linem zeichnen sich durch ein relativ geringes Gewicht aus und sind somit zur Druckgas-Speicherung in Fahrzeugen gut geeignet. Eine neuere Entwicklung geht dahin, kryogenen Wasserstoff unter Druck im überkritischen Zustand als Energieträger für ein Fzg. -Antriebsaggregat zu speichern. In bestimmten Betriebszuständen kann dabei der gespeicherte Wasserstoff eine Temperatur von 35 Kelvin haben, während unter anderen Betriebszuständen Druckwerte in der Größenordnung von 300 bar und mehr im Druckbehälter-System auftreten können. Dabei ist anzustreben, einen (unerwünschten) Wärmeeintrag von der Umgebung in den Druckgasbehälter so gering als möglich zu halten.The basically known, for example, bottle-shaped composite compressed gas containers with aluminum Linem are characterized by a relatively low weight and are thus well suited for storage of compressed gas in vehicles. A recent development is to store cryogenic hydrogen under pressure in the supercritical state as an energy source for a vehicle-driven aggregate. In certain operating states, the stored hydrogen can have a temperature of 35 Kelvin, while under other operating conditions, pressure values of the order of magnitude of 300 bar and more can occur in the pressure vessel system. It is desirable to keep an (undesired) heat input from the environment in the compressed gas tank as low as possible.
Bekanntlich erfolgt über die Anschlussleitungen eines Druckgasbehälters, über welche dieser beladen bzw. entladen wird, gleichzeitig ein Wärmeaustausch, d.h. es wird über diese Anschlussleitungen, die einen Kanal bzw. Kanäle für die Zufuhr von Gas in den Druckgasbehälter bzw. für die Abfuhr von Gas aus dem Druckgasbehälter enthalten, Wärme aus der Umgebung in den Innenraum des Druckgasbehälters eingebracht. Daher sollten die für diese Anschlussleitungen verwendeten Werkstoffe im Hinblick auf eine Reduzierung des Wärmeeintrags in den Druckgasbehälter eine relativ geringe Wärmeleitfähigkeit (bei gleichzeitig ausreichender Festigkeit) aufweisen. Vorzugsweise können diese Anschlussleitungen daher in Edelstahl ausgeführt sein. Im Hinblick auf die genannten hohen Druckwerte müssen auch die Verbindungen zwischen einzelnen Leitungen des Anschlussleitungs-Systems und zwischen der oder den Anschlussleitung(en) und dem Aluminium-Liner des Druckgasbehälters absolut druckdicht ausgebildet sein, weshalb hierfür praktisch nur Schweißverbindungen in Frage kommen. Edelstahl als Material ist jedoch mit Aluminium nicht einfach verschweißbar.As is well known, via the connecting lines of a compressed gas tank, via which this is loaded or unloaded, at the same time a heat exchange, ie it is through these connecting lines, the channel or channels for the supply of gas into the compressed gas tank or for the discharge of gas contain the pressurized gas container, introduced heat from the environment in the interior of the gas cylinder. Therefore, the materials used for these connecting lines should have a relatively low thermal conductivity (with sufficient strength at the same time) in order to reduce the heat input into the compressed gas container. Preferably, these connection lines can therefore be made in stainless steel. In view of the above-mentioned high pressure values, the connections between individual lines of the connection line system and between the connection line (s) and the aluminum liner of the compressed gas container must also be absolutely pressure-tight, which is why practically only welded connections are possible. Stainless steel as a material is not easy to weld with aluminum.
Vorliegend soll daher ein Composit-Druckgasbehälter mit einem Liner aus Leichtmetall, insbesondere aus Aluminium, aufgezeigt werden, an den Anschlussleitungen bzw. eine Anschlussleitung aus einem Stahlwerkstoff, insbesondere aus Edelstahl, relativ einfach anschweißbar ist (= Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung).In the present case, therefore, a composite compressed gas container with a liner made of light metal, in particular of aluminum, be shown, on the connecting lines or a connecting line made of a steel material, in particular stainless steel, relatively easy weldable is (= object of the present invention).
Die Lösung besteht in einem Composite-Druckgasbehälter mit einer Außenhülle und einem von dieser umhüllten Liner aus einem Leichtmetall, insbesondere aus Aluminium oder einer Aluminiumlegierung, in dessen Zu- und Abfuhröffnung ein zumindest einen Kanal für die Zufuhr und/oder Abfuhr von Gas aufweisendes Verschlusselement eingesetzt und direkt oder indirekt durch eine Schweißverbindung mit dem Liner verbunden ist und an dessen Kanal oder Kanäle sich eine aus einem Stahlwerkstoff bestehende Anschlussleitung anschließt und wobei ein Übergangselement vorgesehen ist, dessen erster Endabschnitt aus Leichtmetall, insbesondere aus Aluminium oder einer Aluminiumlegierung, besteht und entweder mit dem Liner oder mit dem aus Leichtmetall, insbesondere aus Aluminium oder einer Aluminiumlegierung bestehenden Verschlusselement verschweißt ist, und dessen anderer Endabschnitt aus einem Stahlwerkstoff besteht, der entweder mit dem aus einem Stahlwerkstoff bestehenden Verschlusselement oder mit der aus einem Stahlwerkstoff bestehenden Anschlussleitung verschweißt ist.The solution consists of a composite compressed gas container with an outer shell and a liner of a light metal, in particular made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, in whose inlet and outlet opening at least one channel for the supply and / or discharge of gas exhibiting closure element used and is connected directly or indirectly by a welded joint to the liner and at its channel or channels adjoining a steel material connecting line and wherein a transition element is provided, the first end portion made of light metal, in particular aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and either with welded to the liner or with the light metal, in particular of aluminum or an aluminum alloy closure element, and whose other end portion consists of a steel material, either with the existing of a steel material closure element or welded to the existing of a steel material connecting cable.
Erfindungsgemäß ist ein sog. Übergangselement vorgesehen, durch welches hindurch der oder die sich in der Anschlussleitung fortsetzende Kanal oder Kanäle direkt oder indirekt, d.h. unter Zwischenlage eines anderen Bauelements, geführt ist/sind. Die beiden Endabschnitte dieses Übergangselements bestehen aus unterschiedlichen Materialien, nämlich aus Aluminium bzw. einer verschweißbaren Aluminium-Legierung einerseits und aus Stahl, vorzugsweise Edelstahl anderer- seits, wodurch es möglich ist, dieses Übergangselement mit seinem ersten Endabschnitt relativ einfach mit einem Aluminium-Bauteil der durch den Druckgasbehälter, dessen Verschlusselement und die Anschlussleitung gebildeten Baueinheit des Druckgasbehälters zu verschweißen, während der aus Stahl bestehende zweite Endabschnitt des Übergangselements relativ einfach mit einem aus einem Stahlwerkstoff bestehenden Bauelement der durch den Druckgasbehälter, dessen Verschlusselement und die Anschlussleitung gebildeten Baueinheit verschweißt werden kann. Sowohl im Patentanspruch 1 als auch in der späteren Beschreibung bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele sind dabei verschiedene Varianten angegeben.According to the invention, a so-called transition element is provided, through which the channel or channels continuing in the connecting line is / are guided directly or indirectly, ie with the interposition of another component. The two end portions of this transition element consist of different materials, namely aluminum or a weldable aluminum alloy on the one hand and steel, preferably stainless steel other- on the other hand, whereby it is possible to relatively easily weld this transition element with its first end portion to an aluminum component of the pressure gas container, its closure element and the connecting line assembly of the compressed gas container, while the second steel end portion of the transition element relatively easy with a consisting of a steel material component of the pressure gas container, the closure element and the connection line formed unit can be welded. Both in claim 1 and in the later description of preferred embodiments, different variants are given.
Das sog. Übergangselement, von welchem ein Aluminium-Endabschnitt mit einem (Edel)-Stahl-Endabschnitt verbunden ist, kann mittels spezieller geeigneter Fertigungsverfahren hergestellt werden, wobei eine fertigungstechnisch aufwändige Schweißverbindung zwischen Stahl einerseits und Aluminium andererseits aus Sicherheitsgründen und Dichtigkeitsgründen vorgezogen wird. Andererseits sind solche aufwändigen Schweißverbindungen, wie vorzugsweise Reibschweißen oder Sprengschweißen an einem separaten Übergangselement noch relativ einfach umsetzbar, solange keine anderen Bauteile, wie der Druckgasbehälter selbst oder die Anschlussleitung(en) in der Nähe sind bzw. berücksichtigt werden müssen. Insbesondere wegen der im Betrieb eines erfindungsgemäßen Druckgasbehälters standzuhaltenden hohe Drücke kann es empfehlenswert sein, ein das Übergangselement insbesondere im Stoßbereich bzw. Fügebereich der beiden Materialien (nämlich Aluminium und Stahl) umgebendes Spannelement vorzusehen.The so-called transition element, of which an aluminum end section is connected to a (noble) steel end section, can be produced by means of special suitable manufacturing methods, wherein a production-technically complex welded joint between steel on the one hand and aluminum on the other hand for safety reasons and tightness reasons preferred. On the other hand, such elaborate welded joints, such as preferably friction welding or explosive welding on a separate transition element still relatively easy to implement, as long as no other components, such as the compressed gas tank itself or the connecting line (s) are in the vicinity or must be considered. In particular, because of the high pressures to be withstood during operation of a compressed gas container according to the invention, it may be advisable to provide a clamping element surrounding the transition element, in particular in the joint region or joining region of the two materials (namely aluminum and steel).
Die beigefügten Figuren 1 - 4 zeigen vier Ausführungsbeispiele jeweils in einer Prinzip-Darstellung als Schnitt durch den Bereich der Zu- und Abfuhröffnung eines erfindungsgemäßen Composite-Druckgasbehälters. In sämtlichen Figuren sind gleiche Bauelemente mit den gleichen Bezugsziffern gekennzeichnet und erfindungswesentlich können sämtliche näher beschriebenen Merkmale sein.The attached Figures 1-4 show four embodiments in each case in a schematic representation as a section through the region of the supply and discharge opening of a composite compressed gas container according to the invention. In all figures, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and essential to the invention may be all the features described in more detail.
Mit der Bezugsziffer 1 ist ein Composite-Druckgasbehälter gekennzeichnet, von welchem nur der Bereich in der Umgebung der Zu- und Abfuhröffnung 1 c dieses Druckgasbehälters 1 figürlich dargestellt ist. Dieser Composite-Druckgasbehälter besteht wie üblich aus einem sog. Liner 1a aus Aluminium, der von einer CFK- Außenhülle 1 b umhüllt ist. Innerhalb dieses Liners 1a soll kryogener Wasserstoff zunächst in überkritischem Zustand und bei Drücken von 300 bar und mehr gespeichert werden.The reference numeral 1 denotes a composite compressed gas container, of which only the area in the vicinity of the inlet and outlet opening 1 c of this compressed gas container 1 is shown figuratively. As usual, this composite compressed gas container consists of a so-called aluminum liner 1a which is replaced by a CFRP Outer shell 1 b is wrapped. Within this liner 1a, cryogenic hydrogen should first be stored in the supercritical state and at pressures of 300 bar and more.
In den Druckgasbehälter 1 bzw. in den Hohlraum des Liners 1a eingeführt wird das Wasserstoff-Gas über einen Zufuhr-Kanal 2a, während für die Abfuhr von Wasserstoff-Gas aus dem Druckgasbehälter 1 (zur Versorgung eines Fahrzeug- Antriebsaggregats mit diesem Wasserstoff als Energieträger) ein Abfuhr-Kanal 2b vorgesehen ist. Diese beiden Kanäle 2a, 2b sind durch ein in die Zu- und Abfuhröffnung 1c des Druckgasbehälters 1 , dessen Liner 1a in diesem Bereich nach Art eines Flaschenhalses 1a* ausgebildet ist, eingesetztes Verschlusselement 3 hindurchgeführt und durchdringen direkt oder indirekt weiterhin ein sog. Übergangselement 4, auf welches im weiteren noch näher eingegangen wird. Letztlich setzen sich die Kanäle 2a bzw. 2b in Anschlussleitungen 5a bzw. 5b fort, welche in Edelstahl ausgeführt sind.The hydrogen gas is introduced into the compressed gas container 1 or into the cavity of the liner 1 a via a feed channel 2 a, while for the removal of hydrogen gas from the compressed gas container 1 (for supplying a vehicle drive unit with this hydrogen as an energy source) a discharge channel 2b is provided. These two channels 2a, 2b are passed through a in the supply and discharge opening 1c of the gas cylinder 1, the liner 1a is formed in this area in the manner of a bottle neck 1a * inserted closure element 3 and penetrate directly or indirectly continue to be a so-called. Transition element 4th , which will be discussed in more detail below. Ultimately, the channels 2a and 2b continue in connecting lines 5a and 5b, which are made of stainless steel.
Beim Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 1 ist (auch) das Verschlusselement 3 in Edelstahl ausgeführt und über einen Gewindeabschnitt 11 mit dem Liner 1a verbunden, d.h. in dessen Flaschenhals 1a* eingeschraubt. Allerdings kann diese Schraubverbindung in Verbindung mit einem herkömmlichen eingesetzten Dichtelement den Anforderungen an die Dichtheit (insbesondere auch über den gesamtem möglichen Temperaturbereich hinweg) nicht genügen, weshalb es notwendig ist, eine Schweißverbindung darzustellen, was aber zwischen den unterschiedlichen Materialien, nämlich dem Aluminium-Werkstoff des Liners 1a und dem Stahl- Werkstoff des Verschlusselements 3 nicht einfach möglich ist. Aus diesem Grunde ist hier ein ringförmiges sog. Übergangselement 4 vorgesehen, das sich mit einer Seite an die Stirnseite des Flaschenhalses 1a* des Liners 1a anschließt und mit seiner anderen Seite an einem stufenförmigen Absatz 3a des Verschlusselements 3 anliegt.In the embodiment according to FIG. 1, the closure element 3 is (also) made of stainless steel and connected to the liner 1a via a threaded section 11, ie screwed into its bottleneck 1a * . However, this screw in conjunction with a conventional sealing element used can not meet the requirements of the tightness (especially over the entire possible temperature range), which is why it is necessary to represent a welded joint, but between the different materials, namely the aluminum material the liner 1a and the steel material of the closure element 3 is not easily possible. For this reason, an annular so-called. Transition element 4 is provided here, which adjoins the end face of the bottle neck 1a * of the liner 1a with one side and rests with its other side on a stepped shoulder 3a of the closure element 3.
Es sind zwei ringförmige Einzelelemente 4a, 4b zu diesem Übergangselement 4 zusammengefügt. Das am Flaschenhals 1a* bzw. am Liner 1a mit seinem freien Endabschnitt anliegende Einzelelement 4a des Übergangselements 4 besteht aus einem Aluminium-Werkstoff und kann daher mit dem Liner 1a bzw. mit dessen Flaschenhals 1a* in einem ringförmigen, senkrecht zu den Kanälen 2a, 2b im Bereich des Flaschenhalses 1a* verlaufenden Fügebereich 12, nämlich in der Stoßstelle dieser beiden Elemente, mit dem Liner 1a verschweißt werden. Das am Absatz 3a des Verschlusselements 3 in einem zweiten, ebenfalls ringförmigen und senkrecht zu den Kanälen 2a, 2b im Bereich des Flaschenhalses 1a* verlaufenden Fügebereich 13 mit seinem freien Endabschnitt anliegende zweite Einzelelement 4b des Übergangselements 4 ist in einem Stahlwerkstoff ausgeführt, so dass in diesem zweiten Fügebereich 13 einfach eine Schweißverbindung zwischen dem zweiten Einzelelement 4b des Übergangselements 4 und dem in Edel-Stahl ausgeführten Verschlusselement 3 hergestellt werden kann. In einem abermals ringförmigen, senkrecht zu den Kanälen 2a, 2b im Bereich des Flaschenhalses 1a* verlaufenden Fügebereich 14 sind die beiden Einzelelemente 4a, 4b des Übergangselements 4 über eine spezielle Schweißverbindung miteinander verbunden, wobei zur Vorfertigung dieses Übergangselements 4 abseits des Druckgasbehälters 1 und des Verschlusselements 3 vorzugsweise ein Reibschweißverfahren oder ein Sprengschweißverfahren (= Sprengplattieren), alternativ aber auch ein Diffusionsschweißverfahren oder ein Walzverfahren (Kaltwalzen oder Heißwalzen) zum Einsatz kommt.There are two annular individual elements 4a, 4b joined to this transition element 4. The at the bottleneck 1a * and the liner 1a with its free end portion fitting individual element 4a of the transition element 4 is made of an aluminum material and can therefore with the liner 1a or with the latter Bottle neck 1a * in an annular, perpendicular to the channels 2a, 2b in the region of the bottle neck 1a * extending joining region 12, namely in the joint of these two elements, are welded to the liner 1a. The second individual element 4b of the transitional element 4, which abuts the free end portion of the closure element 3 in a second, likewise annular and perpendicular to the channels 2a, 2b in the region of the bottle neck 1a * , is made of a steel material, so that in FIG In this second joining region 13, a welded connection between the second individual element 4b of the transition element 4 and the sealing element 3 made of noble steel can be easily produced. In a again annular, perpendicular to the channels 2a, 2b in the region of the bottle neck 1a * extending joining region 14, the two individual elements 4a, 4b of the transition element 4 are connected to each other via a special weld, for prefabrication of this transition element 4 away from the gas cylinder 1 and the Closure element 3 preferably a friction welding or explosive welding (= explosive cladding), but alternatively also a diffusion welding process or a rolling process (cold rolling or hot rolling) is used.
Nach erfolgten Zusammenbau bzw. Verschweißen des vorgefertigten Übergangselements 4 mit dem Liner 1a einerseits und mit dem Verschlusselement 3 andererseits kann am Außenumfang des Übergangselements 4 ein dieses insbesondere im Stoßbereich bzw. Fügebereich 14 der beiden Einzelelemente 4a, 4b und somit der beiden Materialien, nämlich Aluminium und Stahl, umgebendes Spannelement 6 aufgebracht werden, welches potentielle Verformungen insbesondere des Übergangselements 4 aufgrund der hohen Druckbelastungen verhindert. Bei diesem Spannelement 6 kann es sich vorzugsweise um einen aufgeschrumpften Stahlring handeln. Im übrigen können sich an das in einem Stahlwerkstoff ausgeführte Verschlusselement 3 die vorzugsweise in Edel-Stahl ausgeführten Anschlussleitungen 5a, 5b im Bereich der Kanäle 2a, 2b einfach über Schweißverbindungen anschließen.After assembly or welding of the prefabricated transition element 4 with the liner 1a on the one hand and with the closure element 3 on the other hand can on the outer periphery of the transition element 4 a this particular in the joint area or joining region 14 of the two individual elements 4a, 4b and thus the two materials, namely aluminum and steel, surrounding clamping element 6 are applied, which prevents potential deformations in particular of the transition element 4 due to the high pressure loads. This tensioning element 6 may preferably be a shrunk-on steel ring. Moreover, the connecting elements 5 a, 5 b, which are preferably made of noble steel, can easily be connected to the closure element 3, which is made of noble steel, in the region of the channels 2 a, 2 b via welded connections.
Beim Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 2 übernimmt das Übergangselement 4, genauer dessen dem Liner 1a zugewandtes Einzelelement 4a gleichzeitig die Funktion des Verschlusselements 3. Dabei ist dieses Einzelelement 4a des Übergangselements 4 ebenso wie der Liner 1a in Aluminium bzw. in einer geeigneten Aluminium-Legierung ausgeführt und mit dem Liner 1a bzw. mit der Stirnseite von dessen Flaschenhals 1a* in einem ringförmigen, sich im wesentlichen senkrecht zu den Kanälen 2a, 2b erstreckenden Fügebereich 12 verschweißt. Zusätzlich ist das Einzelelement 4a des Übergangselements 4 über einen Gewindeabschnitt 11 mit dem Liner 1a verbunden, jedoch kann diese letztgenannte Schraubverbindung in Verbindung mit einem herkömmlichen eingesetzten Dichtelement den Anforderungen an die Dichtheit (insbesondere auch über den gesamtem möglichen Temperaturbereich hinweg) nicht genügen, weswegen die bereits genannte Schweißverbindung im Fügebereich 12 vorgesehen ist.In the embodiment according to FIG. 2, the transition element 4, more precisely its individual element 4a facing the liner 1a, simultaneously assumes the same Function of the closure element 3. Here, this single element 4a of the transition element 4 as well as the liner 1a is made of aluminum or in a suitable aluminum alloy and with the liner 1a or with the front side of the bottle neck 1a * in an annular, in the essentially perpendicular to the channels 2a, 2b extending joining region 12 welded. In addition, the individual element 4a of the transition element 4 is connected via a threaded portion 11 with the liner 1a, but this latter screw in conjunction with a conventional sealing element used can not meet the requirements for tightness (especially over the entire possible temperature range), which is why already mentioned weld joint is provided in the joining region 12.
Das zweite Einzelelement 4b des Übergangselements 4 ist (wiederum) in Stahl ausgeführt, so dass sich an dieses Einzelelement 4b mit den darin verlaufenden Kanälen 2a, 2b die beiden Anschlussleitungen 5a, 5b (abermals) über eine Schweißverbindung anschließen können. Analog zum Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig.1 sind auch bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 2 die beiden Einzelelemente 4a, 4b über eine spezielle Schweißverbindung im ringförmigen, sich im wesentlichen senkrecht zum Verlauf der Kanäle 2a, 2b in diesem Bereich erstreckenden Fügebereich 14 miteinander verbunden, wobei zur Vorfertigung dieses Übergangselements 4 abseits des Druckgasbehälters 1 und der Anschlussleitungen 5a, 5b vorzugsweise ein Reibschweißverfahren oder ein Sprengschweißverfahren (= Sprengplattieren), alternativ aber auch ein Diffusionsschweißverfahren oder ein Walzverfahren (Kaltwalzen oder Heißwalzen) zum Einsatz kommt.The second individual element 4b of the transition element 4 is (again) made of steel, so that the two connecting lines 5a, 5b (again) can connect to this single element 4b with the channels 2a, 2b extending therein via a welded connection. Analogous to the embodiment of Figure 1, the two individual elements 4a, 4b are connected to each other in this embodiment by a special welded joint in the annular, substantially perpendicular to the course of the channels 2a, 2b in this area joining portion 14, wherein the Prefabrication of this transition element 4 away from the compressed gas container 1 and the connecting lines 5a, 5b preferably a friction welding or explosive welding (= explosive bonding), but alternatively also a diffusion welding process or a rolling process (cold rolling or hot rolling) is used.
Beim Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 3 ist ein eigenständiges Verschlusselement 3 bestehend aus einem Aluminium-Werkstoff vorgesehen, welches folglich mit dem Liner 1a bzw. mit dessen Flaschenhals 1a* in einem ringförmigen, sich im wesentlichen senkrecht zum Verlauf der Kanäle 2a, 2b in diesem Bereich erstreckenden Fügebereich 12 einfach verschweißt werden kann. Eine ebenso einfache Schweißverbindung ist zwischen dem anderen Endabschnitt dieses Verschlusselements 3 und den hier beiden Übergangselementen 4 möglich, welche für die beiden sich in unterschiedlichen Richtungen aus dem Verschlusselement 3 austretenden Kanäle 2a, 2b vorgesehen sind. Diese beiden Übergangselemente 4 weisen jeweils analog den vorangegangenen Ausführungsbeispielen jeweils ein erstes aus einem Aluminium-Werkstoff bestehendes Einzelelement 4a und ein sich hieran anschließendes zweites, aus einem Stahl-Werkstoff bestehendes Einzelelement 4b auf. Diese beiden Einzelelemente 4a, 4b sind oder werden analog den vorhergehenden Ausführungsbeispielen in einem ringförmigen, sich im wesentlichen senkrecht zum Verlauf des jeweiligen Kanals 2a bzw. 2b in diesem Bereich erstreckenden Fügebereich 14 über eine spezielle Schweißverbindung (vorzugsweise Reibschweißen oder Sprengschweißen oder andere bereits genannte Verfahren) miteinander verbunden, bevor das erste Einzelelement 4a mit seinem freien Endabschnitt mit dem Verschlusselement 3 und das zweite Einzelelement 4b mit seinem freien Endabschnitt mit einer der hier figürlich nicht dargestellten Anschlussleitungen (5a bzw. 5b) über eine Schweißverbindung verbunden wird.In the embodiment of Figure 3, an independent closure element 3 is provided consisting of an aluminum material, which consequently with the liner 1a or with its bottleneck 1a * in an annular, substantially perpendicular to the course of the channels 2a, 2b extending in this area Joining area 12 can be easily welded. An equally simple welded connection is possible between the other end section of this closure element 3 and the here two transition elements 4, which are provided for the two channels 2a, 2b emerging in different directions from the closure element 3. These two transition elements 4 In each case analogously to the preceding exemplary embodiments, in each case a first individual element 4a consisting of an aluminum material and a second individual element 4b adjoining this, consisting of a steel material, are provided. These two individual elements 4a, 4b are or will analogously to the preceding embodiments in an annular, substantially perpendicular to the course of the respective channel 2a and 2b in this area extending joining region 14 via a special weld (preferably friction welding or explosive welding or other methods already mentioned ) are joined together before the first individual element 4a with its free end portion with the closure element 3 and the second individual element 4b with its free end portion with one of the connecting lines (5a and 5b) not shown here, connected via a welded connection.
Das Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 4 ist ähnlich dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 2 gestaltet, mit dem Unterschied, dass das Einzelelement 4b des Übergangselementes 4, welches hier abermals das Verschlusselement 3 bildet, der Innenseite des Behälters 1 zugewandt ist, während das andere Einzelelement 4a auf der Außenseite liegt. Weiterhin sind bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel die Anschlussleitungen 5a, 5b mit dem Einzelelement 4b verschweißt, während das Einzelelement 4a im Fügebereich 12 mit dem Linear 1a verschweißt ist.The embodiment of Figure 4 is similar to the embodiment of Figure 2 designed, with the difference that the single element 4b of the transition element 4, which here again forms the closure element 3, the inside of the container 1 faces, while the other single element 4a on the outside lies. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the connecting lines 5a, 5b welded to the single element 4b, while the individual element 4a is welded in the joining region 12 with the linear 1a.
Mit Hilfe des sog. Übergangselementes 4, welches vorab in einem aufwändigeren Herstellungsverfahren gefertigt werden kann, ist es somit möglich, an einem Composite-Druckgasbehälter 1 mit einem Aluminium-Liner 1a auf relativ einfache und sichere Weise über relativ einfache Schweißverbindungen Anschlussleitungen 5a, 5b aus Edelstahl anzubringen, wobei noch darauf hingewiesen sei, dass durchaus eine Vielzahl von Details abweichend von obigen Erläuterungen gestaltet sein kann, ohne den Inhalt der Patentansprüche zu verlassen. With the aid of the so-called transition element 4, which can be manufactured beforehand in a more elaborate production process, it is thus possible to connect leads 5a, 5b to a composite compressed gas container 1 with an aluminum liner 1a in a relatively simple and reliable manner via relatively simple welded joints It should be noted that quite a variety of details may deviate from the above explanations, without departing from the scope of the claims.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Composite-Druckgasbehälter (1) für ein Gas, mit einer Außenhülle und einem von dieser umhüllten Liner (1a) aus einem Leichtmetall, insbesondere aus Aluminium oder einer Aluminiumlegierung, in dessen Zu- und Abfuhröffnung (1c) ein zumindest einen Kanal (2a, 2b) für die Zufuhr und/oder Abfuhr von Gas aufweisendes Verschlusselement (3) eingesetzt und direkt oder indirekt durch eine Schweißverbindung mit dem Liner (1a) verbunden ist und an dessen Kanal (2a, 2b) oder Kanäle sich eine aus einem Stahlwerkstoff bestehende Anschlussleitung (5a, 5b) anschließt und wobei ein Übergangselement (4) vorgesehen ist, dessen erster Endabschnitt (4a) aus Leichtmetall, insbesondere aus Aluminium oder einer Aluminiumlegierung, besteht und entweder mit dem Liner (1a) oder mit dem aus Leichtmetall, insbesondere aus Aluminium oder einer Aluminiumlegierung bestehenden Verschlusselement (3) verschweißt ist, und dessen anderer Endabschnitt (4b) aus einem Stahlwerkstoff besteht, der entweder mit dem aus einem Stahlwerkstoff bestehenden Verschlusselement (3) oder mit der aus einem Stahlwerkstoff bestehenden Anschlussleitung (5a, 5b) verschweißt ist.1. Composite compressed gas container (1) for a gas, with an outer shell and an enclosed by this liner (1 a) made of a light metal, in particular aluminum or an aluminum alloy, in the supply and discharge opening (1 c), at least one channel (2 a , 2b) used for the supply and / or discharge of gas having closure element (3) and is directly or indirectly connected by a welded connection to the liner (1a) and at the channel (2a, 2b) or channels one consisting of a steel material Connecting line (5a, 5b) connects and wherein a transition element (4) is provided, the first end portion (4a) made of light metal, in particular aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and either with the liner (1a) or with the light metal, in particular Aluminum or aluminum alloy existing closure element (3) is welded, and the other end portion (4 b) consists of a steel material, either with de m consisting of a steel material closure element (3) or with the existing of a steel material connecting line (5a, 5b) is welded.
2. Composite-Druckgasbehälter nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die beiden Endabschnitte (4a, 4b) des Übergangselements (4) durch Reibschweißen oder durch Sprengschweißen/Sprengplattieren oder durch Diffusionsschweißen oder durch Walzen miteinander verbunden sind.2. Composite compressed gas container according to claim 1, characterized in that the two end portions (4a, 4b) of the transition element (4) are joined together by friction welding or by explosive welding / explosive plating or by diffusion welding or by rolling.
3. Composite-Druckgasbehälter nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein das Übergangselement (4) insbesondere im Fügebereich (14) der beiden Materialien umgebendes Spannelement (6) vorgesehen ist. 3. Composite compressed gas container according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a transition element (4) in particular in the joining region (14) of the two materials surrounding clamping element (6) is provided.
EP09749522.0A 2008-05-20 2009-04-02 Composite pressure gas tank Not-in-force EP2276964B1 (en)

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