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EP2268926B1 - Casing for a moving-blade wheel of a turbomachine - Google Patents

Casing for a moving-blade wheel of a turbomachine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2268926B1
EP2268926B1 EP09730900A EP09730900A EP2268926B1 EP 2268926 B1 EP2268926 B1 EP 2268926B1 EP 09730900 A EP09730900 A EP 09730900A EP 09730900 A EP09730900 A EP 09730900A EP 2268926 B1 EP2268926 B1 EP 2268926B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grooves
casing
downstream
upstream
circumferential grooves
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP09730900A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2268926A2 (en
Inventor
Olivier Domercq
Laurent Jablonski
Vincent Perrot
Antoine Brunet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
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SNECMA SAS
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Publication of EP2268926A2 publication Critical patent/EP2268926A2/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/52—Casings; Connections of working fluid for axial pumps
    • F04D29/522—Casings; Connections of working fluid for axial pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/526—Details of the casing section radially opposing blade tips
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/08—Sealings
    • F04D29/16—Sealings between pressure and suction sides
    • F04D29/161—Sealings between pressure and suction sides especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/164—Sealings between pressure and suction sides especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps of an axial flow wheel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
    • F04D29/68—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers
    • F04D29/681—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/685—Inducing localised fluid recirculation in the stator-rotor interface

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of mobile wheels of turbomachines, including compressor wheels.
  • turbomachines mobile wheels associated with fixed wheels form compressor stages whose function is to compress the fluid passing through them.
  • the design and optimization of a mobile wheel grid (s) that is, a series of one or more moving wheels, for example for a compressor, require taking in particular account two objectives.
  • the first goal is to have an optimal compression performance.
  • This compression efficiency can be defined as the ratio of the energy ideally supplied to the fluid for isentropic compression between the upstream and downstream of the moving wheel grid and the energy actually supplied to the fluid. (In this document, the upstream and downstream are defined with respect to the normal flow direction of the fluid through the paddle wheel grid).
  • the second objective is to guarantee a sufficient "pumping margin".
  • Pumping is a phenomenon of fluid instability occurring within a compressor, manifesting itself in low frequency oscillations of the flow, and occurring when the conditions of flow, supply, pressure or temperature move away. the normal operating range of the turbomachine. This unstable phenomenon being generally very energetic, it makes endurance to the turbomachine of strong mechanical stresses (static and dynamic). It is therefore understandable that a permanent objective when developing a mobile wheel grid is to extend as much as possible the normal operating range thereof and, therefore, the compressor or the turbomachine in which it is located, to thus have a sufficient "pumping margin" which makes it possible to avoid pumping phenomena.
  • a crankcase treatment consists for example of making a set of grooves in the inner wall of the housing. With these grooves, the pumping margin of the impeller is improved.
  • the patent GB 24 08 546 thus provides an example of turbomachine casing treatment.
  • the arrangement of the grooves is very particular: it is not about circumferential grooves, but slots circumferentially spaced from each other whose inclination with respect to the radial direction is variable.
  • crankcase treatment in a crankcase according to the preamble of claim 1, is disclosed by the document SU 926,365 .
  • most crankcase treatments are only intended to optimize the pumping margin of the compressor, without worrying about the often negative impact they have on compression performance.
  • the object of the present invention is to define a casing for turbomachine moving blade wheel, said casing having a substantially cylindrical inner wall along a casing axis, this cylindrical wall having a plurality of circumferential grooves, each having a substantially constant section in an axial section plane, and which is optimized to simultaneously improve the pumping margin and optimize the efficiency of the associated turbomachine blade wheel.
  • upstream end is meant above an end of the housing which is provided to be disposed on the upstream side of the housing.
  • circumferential groove is meant grooves which are disposed substantially in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the impeller. These are typically circular grooves drawn in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the impeller. These grooves are not necessarily continuous, and do not necessarily all around the crankcase. However, for them to have sufficient efficiency especially in improving the pumping margin of the mobile wheel grid, it is necessary that they occupy a large part of the circumference of the housing.
  • each circumferential groove has a substantially constant section in an axial section plane means that regardless of the axial sectional plane chosen to evaluate the section, the section of the groove is substantially the same.
  • each of these grooves has a generally negative impact on the compression efficiency of the blade of blades.
  • the surface area of the section of the first groove or grooves is preferred over the following grooves (this is that is, a group of grooves located upstream of the other groove or grooves further downstream).
  • the invention also relates to an embodiment in which the housing has from upstream to downstream, two grooves of sections of the same surface, then two grooves of smaller surface sections and so on.
  • the surface of the section of said circumferential grooves is decreasing from upstream to downstream, from the first to the last groove. This decrease can be regular, for example, when the surface area of the downstream groove section is linear. In another embodiment, the decrease of the groove section surface can also be done in steps.
  • grooves to be considered are the grooves arranged substantially facing the blades of the impeller, regardless of the shape of the casing upstream and downstream of the impeller.
  • the grooves each extend substantially in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the housing.
  • the depth of the first of said circumferential grooves is greater than that of the following grooves further downstream.
  • the depth of said circumferential grooves is decreasing from upstream to downstream.
  • the depth decrease of said circumferential grooves is linear.
  • the width of the first of said circumferential grooves is greater than that of the following grooves located further downstream.
  • the width of said circumferential grooves is decreasing from upstream to downstream along the axis of the housing.
  • the housing has between consecutive grooves substantially cylindrical joining surfaces, and the diameter of the joining surfaces is substantially equal to the average value of the inner diameters of the housing measured respectively upstream and downstream of the grooves.
  • a second object of the invention is to define a turbomachine of high efficiency and whose pumping margin is important.
  • turbomachine comprises a moving impeller, and a casing as defined above.
  • the performance of the turbomachine is optimized, and it enjoys an optimized performance with an improved pumping margin.
  • the figure 1 represents a paddle wheel 100.
  • This paddle wheel 100 consists mainly of a rotor consisting of a rotor disc 30 and blades 20, rotatable along an axis F inside a stator constituted by a housing 10 fixed.
  • the rotor disc 30 is a ring-shaped piece whose function is to hold and rotate the blades 20.
  • the blades are generally attached to the rotor disc by their feet using fasteners said brace or hammer.
  • Each of the blades is thus constituted by a foot, a platform 22 which constitutes the inner part of the flow passage section, and an aerodynamic profile 23.
  • the blades may also be made in the same block of material that the disk rotor, we speak in these cases there blisk monobloc.
  • the flow flows substantially along the axis of F of the impeller, in the inter-blade passages disposed between the aerodynamic profiles 23 of the different blades.
  • the passage of the flow is between the platforms 22 of the blades and inside the casing 10 of the impeller.
  • Each blade has an aerodynamic profile 23 disposed in a substantially radial direction.
  • the foot of the blade is disposed towards the center of the impeller, while the profile 23 extends outwards.
  • the end of the profile 23, during the rotation of the impeller is thus caused to move at high speed in the vicinity of the fixed housing 10.
  • control of the game (B1 B2) between the end of the blade and the inner wall 15 of the housing is important. It is therefore essential that this game be reduced. This game will be detailed in relation to the figure 2 .
  • the figure 2 is a section showing the end of a blade 20 facing the corresponding section of the housing 10.
  • a game is arranged between the blade and the housing . It thus takes a value B1 upstream of the blade and a value B2 downstream in the example shown.
  • the section shows the sections of three grooves 11, 12 and 13 radial or substantially radial. These three grooves are arranged facing the end of the blade 20; they may extend partially upstream or downstream of this end.
  • These grooves 11, 12 and 13 constitute a crankcase treatment whose objective is to improve the margin of pumping in the turbomachine of which the impeller is part, while having an optimal performance of the impeller.
  • the arrangement of grooves according to the invention reveals grooves 11, 12, 13 whose respective sectional surfaces S1, S2, S3 are decreasing from upstream to downstream.
  • the grooves 11, 12 and 13 are radial circular grooves which go around the housing in a plane perpendicular to the axis F thereof.
  • the surfaces S1, S2, S3 decrease linearly. This decrease in the area of the grooves from upstream to downstream and the pre-eminence of the first groove with respect to the following are obtained by varying both the width of the grooves but also their depth.
  • the first groove has the largest width D1 measured along the axis F of the housing, but also the largest depth E1 measured radially.
  • the groove depths decrease, linearly, from upstream to downstream between the three grooves 11, 12, 13 and thus have depths E1, E2, E3 linearly decreasing; similarly, the widths measured along the axis F of the housing D1, D2 and D3 respectively of the three grooves are linearly decreasing from upstream to downstream.
  • the clearances between the end of the vane and the inner wall of the casing 10 vary continuously between upstream and downstream. downstream of the impeller.
  • these games are, from upstream to downstream, a first set B1 to the inner wall 15 of the casing, a set C1 to the joining surface 16 between the grooves 11 and 12, a clearance C2 to the junction surface 17 between the grooves 12 and 13, and finally a clearance B2 to the inner wall 15 of the housing (The concept of play is not defined in the right grooves 11, 12 and 13).
  • the games B1, C1, C2, and B2 have similar values.
  • the junction surfaces 16 and 17 between grooves are substantially cylindrical and have diameters substantially equal to a mean diameter between the upstream diameter A1 measured upstream of the blade 20 and the diameter A2 measured downstream. of it.
  • the grooves 11, 12, 13 shown on the figure 2 extend radially, that is to say each substantially in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the housing. According to one variant, these grooves may also be oblique, that is to say the grooves are not hollowed perpendicularly to the inner wall of the casing, but obliquely, either upstream or downstream of the casing. paddle wheel.
  • the depth E1 of the grooves typically varies from half of the average clearance up to thirty times this, the average clearance being measured between the end of the blade 20 and the inner wall 15 of the housing 10.
  • typically the depth, area and / or groove width is divided by two to five, between the first groove upstream of the crankcase treatment and the last groove of the crankcase treatment.
  • the embodiment presented on the figure 2 has three grooves, whose sections have regularly decreasing surfaces. Many other embodiments can be used. In particular, instead of having these sections of surfaces regularly decreasing, one can have a first group of grooves upstream, all having the same area of section, which would be greater than that common to other grooves further downstream.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)
  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)

Abstract

A casing for a turbomachine rotor wheel includes a plurality of circumferential grooves, each of substantially constant section, with the section areas of the circumferential grooves decreasing from upstream to downstream on going from the first groove to the last groove. By treating the casing in this way, the efficiency of the rotor wheel is optimized and its surge margin is improved.

Description

L'invention concerne le domaine des roues mobiles de turbomachines, et notamment des roues de compresseurs. Dans les turbomachines en effet, les roues mobiles associées à des roues fixes, forment des étages de compresseur dont le rôle est de comprimer le fluide qui les traverse. La conception et l'optimisation d'une grille de roue(s) mobile(s) (c'est-à-dire, d'une suite d'une ou plusieurs roues mobiles), par exemple pour un compresseur, nécessitent de prendre en compte en particulier deux objectifs.The invention relates to the field of mobile wheels of turbomachines, including compressor wheels. In turbomachines, mobile wheels associated with fixed wheels form compressor stages whose function is to compress the fluid passing through them. The design and optimization of a mobile wheel grid (s) (that is, a series of one or more moving wheels), for example for a compressor, require taking in particular account two objectives.

Le premier objectif est d'avoir un rendement de compression optimal. Ce rendement de compression peut être défini comme le rapport entre l'énergie idéalement fournie au fluide pour une compression isentropique entre l'amont et l'aval de la grille de roues mobiles et l'énergie réellement fournie au fluide. (Dans le présent document, l'amont et l'aval sont définis par rapport au sens d'écoulement normal du fluide à travers la grille de roues à aubes).The first goal is to have an optimal compression performance. This compression efficiency can be defined as the ratio of the energy ideally supplied to the fluid for isentropic compression between the upstream and downstream of the moving wheel grid and the energy actually supplied to the fluid. (In this document, the upstream and downstream are defined with respect to the normal flow direction of the fluid through the paddle wheel grid).

Le second objectif est de garantir une "marge au pompage" suffisante. Le pompage est un phénomène d'instabilité du fluide survenant au sein d'un compresseur, se manifestant par des oscillations basses fréquences de l'écoulement, et survenant lorsque les conditions de débit, d'alimentation, de pression ou de température s'éloignent du domaine de fonctionnement normal de la turbomachine. Ce phénomène instable étant généralement très énergétique, il fait endurer à la turbomachine de fortes sollicitations mécaniques (statiques et dynamiques). On comprend donc naturellement qu'un objectif permanent lors de la mise au point d'une grille de roues mobiles est d'étendre autant que possible le domaine de fonctionnement normal de celle-ci et, de ce fait, du compresseur ou de la turbomachine dans lequel elle se trouve, pour disposer ainsi d'une "marge au pompage" suffisante qui permet d'éviter les phénomènes de pompage.The second objective is to guarantee a sufficient "pumping margin". Pumping is a phenomenon of fluid instability occurring within a compressor, manifesting itself in low frequency oscillations of the flow, and occurring when the conditions of flow, supply, pressure or temperature move away. the normal operating range of the turbomachine. This unstable phenomenon being generally very energetic, it makes endurance to the turbomachine of strong mechanical stresses (static and dynamic). It is therefore understandable that a permanent objective when developing a mobile wheel grid is to extend as much as possible the normal operating range thereof and, therefore, the compressor or the turbomachine in which it is located, to thus have a sufficient "pumping margin" which makes it possible to avoid pumping phenomena.

De manière connue, des dispositions spécifiques sont prises dans les roues à aubes mobiles pour optimiser le second objectif, à savoir, l'optimisation de la marge au pompage.In known manner, specific arrangements are made in the moving paddle wheels to optimize the second objective, namely, the optimization of the margin to pumping.

Dans une roue mobile ou roue à aubes mobiles, le jeu radial de fonctionnement entre le carter fixe et les aubes mobiles engendre un écoulement secondaire dit écoulement de jeu. Celui-ci est à l'origine de pertes significatives du rendement des roues mobiles et peut être dans une majorité des cas, à l'origine de la perte de stabilité du compresseur (phénomène de pompage). Aussi, pour satisfaire le second objectif indiqué précédemment et maximiser la marge au pompage de la grille de roue mobiles, de manière connue, on réalise sur la paroi interne du carter, en regard des extrémités d'aubes des roues mobiles, un traitement de carter.In a moving wheel or mobile impeller, the radial clearance of operation between the fixed casing and the blades causes a secondary flow called flow of play. This is the cause of significant losses of the efficiency of the moving wheels and can be in a majority of cases, causing the loss of stability of the compressor (pumping phenomenon). Also, to satisfy the second objective indicated above and to maximize the pumping margin of the mobile wheel screen, in known manner, is carried on the inner wall of the housing, facing the blade ends of the mobile wheels, a crankcase treatment .

Un traitement de carter consiste par exemple à réaliser un ensemble de rainures dans la paroi intérieure du carter. Grâce à ces rainures, la marge au pompage de la roue à aubes est améliorée. Le brevet GB 24 08 546 fournit ainsi un exemple de traitement de carter pour turbomachine. Toutefois, dans le traitement de carter qu'il divulgue, l'agencement des rainures est très particulier : il ne s'agit pas de rainures circonférentielles, mais de fentes circonférentiellement espacées les unes des autres dont l'inclinaison par rapport à la direction radiale est variable.A crankcase treatment consists for example of making a set of grooves in the inner wall of the housing. With these grooves, the pumping margin of the impeller is improved. The patent GB 24 08 546 thus provides an example of turbomachine casing treatment. However, in the housing treatment that it discloses, the arrangement of the grooves is very particular: it is not about circumferential grooves, but slots circumferentially spaced from each other whose inclination with respect to the radial direction is variable.

Il s'ensuit que la fabrication du carter est relativement complexe, et donc coûteuse, et cela, sans assurer que le carter permette en même temps l'augmentation de marge au pompage et l'optimisation du rendement de compression.It follows that the manufacture of the casing is relatively complex, and therefore expensive, and this, without ensuring that the casing at the same time allows the increase in margin pumping and optimization of the compression efficiency.

Un autre traitement de carter, dans un carter selon le préambule de la revendication 1, est divulgué par le document SU 926 365 . En pratique, la plupart des traitements de carter ne sont destinés qu'à optimiser la marge au pompage du compresseur, sans se soucier de l'impact souvent négatif qu'ils ont sur le rendement de compression.Another crankcase treatment, in a crankcase according to the preamble of claim 1, is disclosed by the document SU 926,365 . In practice, most crankcase treatments are only intended to optimize the pumping margin of the compressor, without worrying about the often negative impact they have on compression performance.

L'objectif de la présente invention est de définir un carter pour roue à aubes mobiles de turbomachine, ledit carter ayant une paroi intérieure sensiblement cylindrique suivant un axe de carter, cette paroi cylindrique présentant une pluralité de rainures circonférentielles, chacune ayant une section sensiblement constante dans un plan de section axial, et qui soit optimisé pour simultanément améliorer la marge au pompage et optimiser le rendement de la roue à aubes de turbomachine associée.The object of the present invention is to define a casing for turbomachine moving blade wheel, said casing having a substantially cylindrical inner wall along a casing axis, this cylindrical wall having a plurality of circumferential grooves, each having a substantially constant section in an axial section plane, and which is optimized to simultaneously improve the pumping margin and optimize the efficiency of the associated turbomachine blade wheel.

Cet objectif est atteint grâce au fait que dans le carter, la surface de la section (S1,S2,S3) des rainures circonférentielles (11,12,13) est décroissante de l'amont vers l'aval, de la première (11) rainure en amont à la dernière (13) rainure en aval.This objective is achieved by virtue of the fact that in the case, the surface of the section (S1, S2, S3) of the circumferential grooves (11, 12, 13) is decreasing from upstream to downstream, from the first (11 ) groove upstream to the last (13) groove downstream.

Par extrémité amont, on désigne ci-dessus une extrémité du carter qui est prévue pour être disposée du côté amont du carter.By upstream end, is meant above an end of the housing which is provided to be disposed on the upstream side of the housing.

Par rainure circonférentielle, on entend des rainures qui sont disposées sensiblement dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe de la roue à aubes. Ce sont donc typiquement des rainures circulaires tracées dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe de la roue à aubes. Ces rainures ne sont pas nécessairement continues, et ne font pas nécessairement tout le tour du carter. Cependant, pour qu'elles aient une efficacité suffisante notamment dans l'amélioration de la marge au pompage de la grille de roues mobiles, il est nécessaire qu'elles occupent une grande partie de la circonférence du carter.By circumferential groove is meant grooves which are disposed substantially in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the impeller. These are typically circular grooves drawn in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the impeller. These grooves are not necessarily continuous, and do not necessarily all around the crankcase. However, for them to have sufficient efficiency especially in improving the pumping margin of the mobile wheel grid, it is necessary that they occupy a large part of the circumference of the housing.

Le fait que chaque rainure circonférentielle ait une section sensiblement constante dans un plan de section axial signifie que quel que soit le plan de section axial choisi pour évaluer la section, la section de la rainure est sensiblement la même.That each circumferential groove has a substantially constant section in an axial section plane means that regardless of the axial sectional plane chosen to evaluate the section, the section of the groove is substantially the same.

L'intérêt de l'invention résulte des deux observations suivantes : d'une part, c'est essentiellement la première rainure, du côté amont de la roue à aubes, qui contribue à l'amélioration de la marge au pompage, les autres rainures contribuant de manière décroissante à cette amélioration, en fonction de leur éloignement par rapport à la première rainure, d'autre part, chacune de ces rainures a un impact généralement négatif sur le rendement de compression de la grille d'aubes mobiles.The interest of the invention results from the following two observations: on the one hand, it is essentially the first groove, on the upstream side of the impeller, which contributes to the improvement of the pumping margin, the other grooves contributing decreasingly to this improvement, according to their distance from the first groove, on the other hand, each of these grooves has a generally negative impact on the compression efficiency of the blade of blades.

Ainsi, pour optimiser simultanément le rendement de la roue à aubes et l'amélioration de la marge au pompage, selon l'invention, on privilégie la surface de la section de la première ou des premières rainures par rapport aux rainures suivantes (c'est-à-dire, d'un groupe de rainures situé en amont de la ou des autres rainures situées plus en aval).Thus, to optimize simultaneously the efficiency of the impeller and the improvement of the pumping margin, according to the invention, the surface area of the section of the first groove or grooves is preferred over the following grooves (this is that is, a group of grooves located upstream of the other groove or grooves further downstream).

En général, c'est la première rainure en amont qui a une surface de section supérieure à celle de toutes les autres rainures. Cependant, l'invention vise également un mode de réalisation dans lequel le carter présente de l'amont vers l'aval, deux rainures de sections de même surface, puis deux rainures de sections de surface plus faible et ainsi de suite. Selon l'invention, toutes les variations des surfaces de section des rainures sont envisageables, sous réserve que la surface de la section desdites rainures circonférentielles soit décroissante de l'amont vers l'aval, de la première à la dernière rainure. Cette décroissante peut être régulière comme par exemple, lorsque la diminution de surface de la section des rainures de l'amont vers l'aval est linéaire. Dans un autre mode de réalisation, la décroissance de la surface de section des rainures peut également se faire par paliers.In general, it is the first upstream groove which has a greater sectional area than all other grooves. However, the invention also relates to an embodiment in which the housing has from upstream to downstream, two grooves of sections of the same surface, then two grooves of smaller surface sections and so on. According to the invention, all the variations of the cross-sectional areas of the grooves are conceivable, provided that the surface of the section of said circumferential grooves is decreasing from upstream to downstream, from the first to the last groove. This decrease can be regular, for example, when the surface area of the downstream groove section is linear. In another embodiment, the decrease of the groove section surface can also be done in steps.

On notera que les rainures à considérer sont les rainures disposées sensiblement en regard des aubes de la roue à aubes, indépendamment de la forme du carter en amont et en aval de la roue à aubes.It will be noted that the grooves to be considered are the grooves arranged substantially facing the blades of the impeller, regardless of the shape of the casing upstream and downstream of the impeller.

Selon un mode de réalisation, les rainures s'étendent chacune sensiblement dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe du carter.According to one embodiment, the grooves each extend substantially in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the housing.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la profondeur de la première desdites rainures circonférentielles est supérieure à celle des rainures suivantes situées plus en aval.According to one embodiment, the depth of the first of said circumferential grooves is greater than that of the following grooves further downstream.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la profondeur desdites rainures circonférentielles est décroissante de l'amont vers l'aval.According to one embodiment, the depth of said circumferential grooves is decreasing from upstream to downstream.

Avantageusement, la décroissance de profondeur desdites rainures circonférentielles est linéaire.Advantageously, the depth decrease of said circumferential grooves is linear.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la largeur de la première desdites rainures circonférentielles est supérieure à celle des rainures suivantes situées plus en aval.According to one embodiment, the width of the first of said circumferential grooves is greater than that of the following grooves located further downstream.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la largeur desdites rainures circonférentielles est décroissante de l'amont vers l'aval suivant l'axe du carter.According to one embodiment, the width of said circumferential grooves is decreasing from upstream to downstream along the axis of the housing.

Les différents modes de réalisation cités précédemment permettent conformément à l'invention d'optimiser simultanément le rendement de la roue à aubes et l'amélioration de la marge au pompage en jouant sur différents paramètres qui peuvent ainsi être optimisés en fonction des autres contraintes à prendre en compte dans la conception de la grille de roues mobiles.The various embodiments mentioned above allow, in accordance with the invention, to simultaneously optimize the efficiency of the impeller and the improvement of the pumping margin by varying different parameters which can thus be optimized according to the other constraints to be taken. account in the design of the mobile wheel grid.

Selon un mode de réalisation, le carter présente entre des rainures consécutives des surfaces de jonction sensiblement cylindriques, et le diamètre des surfaces de jonction est sensiblement égal à la valeur moyenne des diamètres intérieurs du carter mesurés respectivement en amont et en aval des rainures.According to one embodiment, the housing has between consecutive grooves substantially cylindrical joining surfaces, and the diameter of the joining surfaces is substantially equal to the average value of the inner diameters of the housing measured respectively upstream and downstream of the grooves.

Grâce à cette disposition, l'écoulement au niveau du jeu entre les extrémités d'aubes et le carter se produit, si l'on exclut les rainures, dans un espace dont le diamètre évolue d'une manière régulière, et ainsi les turbulences indésirables sont réduites.With this arrangement, the flow at the clearance between the blade tips and the casing occurs, if we exclude the grooves, in a space whose diameter evolves in a regular manner, and thus the undesirable turbulence are reduced.

Un second objet de l'invention est de définir une turbomachine de rendement élevé et dont la marge au pompage est importante.A second object of the invention is to define a turbomachine of high efficiency and whose pumping margin is important.

Cet objectif est atteint grâce au fait que la turbomachine comprend une roue à aubes mobiles, et un carter tel que défini précédemment. Ainsi, les performances de la turbomachine sont optimisées, et celle-ci bénéficie d'un rendement optimisé avec une marge au pompage améliorée.This objective is achieved thanks to the fact that the turbomachine comprises a moving impeller, and a casing as defined above. Thus, the performance of the turbomachine is optimized, and it enjoys an optimized performance with an improved pumping margin.

L'invention sera bien comprise et ses avantages apparaîtront mieux à la lecture de la description détaillée qui suit, d'un mode de réalisation représenté à titre d'exemple non limitatif. La description se réfère aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'une roue à aubes mobiles pour turbomachine comportant un carter selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 est une coupe axiale de la roue à aubes mobiles présentée en figure 1 faisant apparaître le traitement de carter objet de l'invention.
The invention will be better understood and its advantages will appear better on reading the detailed description which follows, of an embodiment shown by way of non-limiting example. The description refers to the accompanying drawings, in which:
  • the figure 1 is a perspective view of a mobile turbine wheel for a turbomachine comprising a housing according to the invention;
  • the figure 2 is an axial section of the moving impeller presented in figure 1 showing the crankcase treatment object of the invention.

En faisant référence à la figure 1, un carter pour roues à aubes mobiles selon l'invention va maintenant être décrit.Referring to the figure 1 , a caster for moving vane wheels according to the invention will now be described.

La figure 1 représente une roue à aubes 100. Cette roue à aubes 100 se compose principalement d'un rotor constitué par un disque rotor 30 et des aubes 20, mobile en rotation suivant un axe F à l'intérieur d'un stator constitué par un carter 10 fixe. Dans la roue à aubes, le disque rotor 30 est une pièce en forme d'anneau dont une fonction est de maintenir et de mouvoir en rotation les aubes mobiles 20. Les aubes mobiles sont généralement fixées au disque rotor par leurs pieds à l'aide d'attaches dites brochées ou marteau. Chacune des aubes mobiles est ainsi constituée d'un pied, d'une plate-forme 22 qui constitue la partie interne de la section de passage du flux, et d'un profil aérodynamique 23. Les aubes mobiles peuvent également être réalisées dans le même bloc de matériau que le disque rotor, on parle en ces cas là de disque aubagé monobloc. Le flux s'écoule sensiblement suivant l'axe de F de la roue à aubes, dans les passages inter-aubes disposés entre les profils aérodynamiques 23 des différentes aubes. Dans le sens radial, le passage du flux se fait entre les plates-formes 22 des aubes et à l'intérieur du carter 10 de la roue à aubes. Chaque aube comporte un profil aérodynamique 23 disposé dans une direction sensiblement radiale. Le pied de l'aube est disposé vers le centre de la roue à aubes, alors que le profil 23 s'étend vers l'extérieur. L'extrémité du profil 23, au cours de la rotation de la roue à aubes, est donc amenée à se déplacer à grande vitesse au voisinage du carter fixe 10. Pour l'efficacité de la roue à aubes, la maîtrise du jeu (B1,B2) entre l'extrémité de l'aube et la paroi interne 15 du carter est importante. Il est ainsi essentiel que ce jeu soit réduit. Ce jeu va être détaillé en relation avec la figure 2.The figure 1 represents a paddle wheel 100. This paddle wheel 100 consists mainly of a rotor consisting of a rotor disc 30 and blades 20, rotatable along an axis F inside a stator constituted by a housing 10 fixed. In the paddle wheel, the rotor disc 30 is a ring-shaped piece whose function is to hold and rotate the blades 20. The blades are generally attached to the rotor disc by their feet using fasteners said brace or hammer. Each of the blades is thus constituted by a foot, a platform 22 which constitutes the inner part of the flow passage section, and an aerodynamic profile 23. The blades may also be made in the same block of material that the disk rotor, we speak in these cases there blisk monobloc. The flow flows substantially along the axis of F of the impeller, in the inter-blade passages disposed between the aerodynamic profiles 23 of the different blades. In the radial direction, the passage of the flow is between the platforms 22 of the blades and inside the casing 10 of the impeller. Each blade has an aerodynamic profile 23 disposed in a substantially radial direction. The foot of the blade is disposed towards the center of the impeller, while the profile 23 extends outwards. The end of the profile 23, during the rotation of the impeller, is thus caused to move at high speed in the vicinity of the fixed housing 10. For the efficiency of the impeller, control of the game (B1 B2) between the end of the blade and the inner wall 15 of the housing is important. It is therefore essential that this game be reduced. This game will be detailed in relation to the figure 2 .

La figure 2 est une coupe faisant apparaître l'extrémité d'une aube 20 en regard de la coupe correspondante du carter 10. Pour permettre la rotation relative de l'aube 20 par rapport au carter 10, un jeu est aménagé entre l'aube et le carter. Celui-ci prend ainsi une valeur B1 en amont de l'aube et une valeur B2 en aval dans l'exemple représenté. La coupe fait apparaître les sections de trois rainures 11, 12 et 13 radiales ou sensiblement radiales. Ces trois rainures sont disposées en regard de l'extrémité de l'aube 20 ; elles peuvent s'étendre partiellement en amont ou en aval de cette extrémité. Ces rainures 11, 12 et 13 constituent un traitement de carter dont l'objectif est d'améliorer la marge au pompage dans la turbomachine dont fait partie la roue à aubes, tout en disposant d'un rendement optimal de la roue à aubes. Pour atteindre cet objectif, l'agencement des rainures conformément à l'invention fait apparaître des rainures 11, 12, 13 dont les surfaces de section respectives S1, S2, S3 sont décroissantes de l'amont vers l'aval. Les rainures 11, 12 et 13 sont des rainures circulaires radiales qui font le tour du carter dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe F de celui-ci. Les surfaces S1, S2, S3 décroissent linéairement. Cette décroissance de la surface des rainures de l'amont vers l'aval ainsi que la prééminence de la première rainure par rapport aux suivantes sont obtenues en faisant varier à la fois la largeur des rainures mais aussi leur profondeur.The figure 2 is a section showing the end of a blade 20 facing the corresponding section of the housing 10. To allow the relative rotation of the blade 20 relative to the housing 10, a game is arranged between the blade and the housing . It thus takes a value B1 upstream of the blade and a value B2 downstream in the example shown. The section shows the sections of three grooves 11, 12 and 13 radial or substantially radial. These three grooves are arranged facing the end of the blade 20; they may extend partially upstream or downstream of this end. These grooves 11, 12 and 13 constitute a crankcase treatment whose objective is to improve the margin of pumping in the turbomachine of which the impeller is part, while having an optimal performance of the impeller. To achieve this objective, the arrangement of grooves according to the invention reveals grooves 11, 12, 13 whose respective sectional surfaces S1, S2, S3 are decreasing from upstream to downstream. The grooves 11, 12 and 13 are radial circular grooves which go around the housing in a plane perpendicular to the axis F thereof. The surfaces S1, S2, S3 decrease linearly. This decrease in the area of the grooves from upstream to downstream and the pre-eminence of the first groove with respect to the following are obtained by varying both the width of the grooves but also their depth.

Ainsi, la première rainure a la plus grande largeur D1 mesurée selon l'axe F du carter, mais aussi la plus grande profondeur E1 mesurée radialement. De manière similaire, les profondeurs de rainures décroissent, linéairement, de l'amont vers l'aval entre les trois rainures 11, 12, 13 et présentent ainsi des profondeurs E1, E2, E3 linéairement décroissantes ; de même, les largeurs mesurées selon l'axe F du carter D1, D2 et D3 respectivement des trois rainures sont-elles linéairement décroissantes de l'amont vers l'aval.Thus, the first groove has the largest width D1 measured along the axis F of the housing, but also the largest depth E1 measured radially. Similarly, the groove depths decrease, linearly, from upstream to downstream between the three grooves 11, 12, 13 and thus have depths E1, E2, E3 linearly decreasing; similarly, the widths measured along the axis F of the housing D1, D2 and D3 respectively of the three grooves are linearly decreasing from upstream to downstream.

Pour minimiser les turbulences se produisant entre l'extrémité de l'aube 20 et la paroi du carter 10, les jeux entre l'extrémité de l'aube et la paroi 15 interne du carter 10 varient de manière continue entre l'amont et l'aval de la roue à aubes.To minimize the turbulence occurring between the end of the vane 20 and the housing wall 10, the clearances between the end of the vane and the inner wall of the casing 10 vary continuously between upstream and downstream. downstream of the impeller.

A partir de l'extrémité de l'aube, ces jeux sont, de l'amont vers l'aval, un premier jeu B1 jusqu'à la paroi interne 15 du carter, un jeu C1 jusqu'à la surface de jonction 16 entre les rainures 11 et 12, un jeu C2 jusqu'à la surface de jonction 17 entre les rainures 12 et 13, et enfin un jeu B2 jusqu'à la paroi interne 15 du carter (La notion de jeu n'étant pas définie au droit des rainures 11, 12 et 13).From the end of the blade, these games are, from upstream to downstream, a first set B1 to the inner wall 15 of the casing, a set C1 to the joining surface 16 between the grooves 11 and 12, a clearance C2 to the junction surface 17 between the grooves 12 and 13, and finally a clearance B2 to the inner wall 15 of the housing (The concept of play is not defined in the right grooves 11, 12 and 13).

Pour permettre un passage régulier, peu générateur de turbulences à travers la roue à aubes au voisinage des extrémités radialement extérieures des aubes mobiles, les jeux B1, C1, C2, et B2 ont des valeurs proches. Corrélativement, on peut noter également que les surfaces de jonction 16 et 17 entre rainures, sont sensiblement cylindriques et ont des diamètres sensiblement égaux à un diamètre moyen entre le diamètre amont A1 mesuré en amont de l'aube 20 et le diamètre A2 mesuré en aval de celle-ci.To allow a smooth passage, little turbulence generator through the impeller in the vicinity of the radially outer ends of the blades, the games B1, C1, C2, and B2 have similar values. Correlatively, it may also be noted that the junction surfaces 16 and 17 between grooves are substantially cylindrical and have diameters substantially equal to a mean diameter between the upstream diameter A1 measured upstream of the blade 20 and the diameter A2 measured downstream. of it.

Les rainures 11, 12, 13 représentées sur la figure 2 s'étendent radialement, c'est-à-dire chacune sensiblement dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe du carter. Selon une variante, ces rainures peuvent également être obliques, c'est-à-dire les rainures ne sont pas creusées perpendiculairement à la paroi 15 interne du carter, mais en oblique, soit vers l'amont, soit vers l'aval de la roue à aubes.The grooves 11, 12, 13 shown on the figure 2 extend radially, that is to say each substantially in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the housing. According to one variant, these grooves may also be oblique, that is to say the grooves are not hollowed perpendicularly to the inner wall of the casing, but obliquely, either upstream or downstream of the casing. paddle wheel.

Par ailleurs, en pratique la profondeur E1 des rainures varie typiquement de la moitié du jeu moyen jusqu'à trente fois celui-ci, le jeu moyen étant mesuré entre l'extrémité de l'aube 20 et la paroi interne 15 du carter 10. D'autre part, typiquement la profondeur, la surface et/ou la largeur de rainure est divisée par deux à cinq, entre la première rainure en amont du traitement de carter et la dernière rainure du traitement de carter.Moreover, in practice the depth E1 of the grooves typically varies from half of the average clearance up to thirty times this, the average clearance being measured between the end of the blade 20 and the inner wall 15 of the housing 10. On the other hand, typically the depth, area and / or groove width is divided by two to five, between the first groove upstream of the crankcase treatment and the last groove of the crankcase treatment.

Enfin, le mode de réalisation présenté sur la figure 2 comporte trois rainures, dont les sections présentent des surfaces régulièrement décroissantes. De nombreux autres modes de réalisation peuvent être utilisés. Notamment, au lieu d'avoir ces sections de surfaces régulièrement décroissantes, on peut avoir un premier groupe de rainures en amont, ayant toutes une même surface de section, qui serait supérieure à celle commune aux autres rainures situées plus en aval.Finally, the embodiment presented on the figure 2 has three grooves, whose sections have regularly decreasing surfaces. Many other embodiments can be used. In particular, instead of having these sections of surfaces regularly decreasing, one can have a first group of grooves upstream, all having the same area of section, which would be greater than that common to other grooves further downstream.

Claims (10)

  1. A casing (10) for a rotor wheel (100) of a turbomachine, said casing having an inside wall (15) that is substantially cylindrical about an axis of the casing, the cylindrical wall presenting a plurality of circumferential grooves (11, 12, 13) each of section that is substantially constant in an axial section plane, the casing being characterized in that the section areas (S1, S2, S3) of the circumferential grooves (11, 12, 13) decreases from upstream to downstream going from the first groove (11) to the last groove (13).
  2. A casing according to claim 1, wherein the decrease in section area (S1, S2, S3) of the grooves from upstream to downstream is linear.
  3. A casing according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the depth (E1) of the first of said circumferential grooves is greater than the depths (E2, E3) of the following grooves (12, 13) situated further downstream.
  4. A casing according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the depths (E1, E2, E3) of said circumferential grooves decrease from upstream to downstream.
  5. A casing according to claim 4, wherein the decrease in the depth of said circumferential grooves is linear.
  6. A casing according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the width (D1) of the first of said circumferential grooves (11) is greater than the widths (D2, D3) of the following grooves situated further downstream.
  7. A casing according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the widths (D1, D2, D3) of said circumferential grooves decrease from upstream to downstream.
  8. A casing according to any one of claims 1 to 7, presenting
    substantially cylindrical junction surfaces (16, 17) between consecutive grooves, wherein the diameter of the junction surfaces is substantially equal to the mean value of the inside diameters (B1, B2) of the casing (10) measured respectively upstream and downstream from the grooves.
  9. A casing according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein each of the grooves (11, 12, 13) extends substantially in a plane that is perpendicular to the axis (F) of the casing.
  10. A turbomachine including a rotor wheel (100) and a casing according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
EP09730900A 2008-03-28 2009-03-25 Casing for a moving-blade wheel of a turbomachine Active EP2268926B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0852012A FR2929349B1 (en) 2008-03-28 2008-03-28 CARTER FOR MOBILE WHEEL TURBOMACHINE WHEEL
PCT/FR2009/050516 WO2009125135A2 (en) 2008-03-28 2009-03-25 Casing for a moving-blade wheel of a turbomachine

Publications (2)

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EP2268926A2 EP2268926A2 (en) 2011-01-05
EP2268926B1 true EP2268926B1 (en) 2011-08-24

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EP (1) EP2268926B1 (en)
JP (1) JP5575741B2 (en)
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FR2929349B1 (en) 2010-04-16
WO2009125135A2 (en) 2009-10-15
FR2929349A1 (en) 2009-10-02
EP2268926A2 (en) 2011-01-05
RU2010144039A (en) 2012-05-10
WO2009125135A3 (en) 2009-12-10
ATE521812T1 (en) 2011-09-15
CN102016324A (en) 2011-04-13
CA2718847C (en) 2016-01-05
JP2011515622A (en) 2011-05-19
BRPI0910320A2 (en) 2015-09-29
ES2372266T3 (en) 2012-01-17
US8777558B2 (en) 2014-07-15
BRPI0910320B1 (en) 2020-02-18
CN102016324B (en) 2014-04-16
JP5575741B2 (en) 2014-08-20
RU2491447C2 (en) 2013-08-27
US20110085896A1 (en) 2011-04-14
CA2718847A1 (en) 2009-10-15

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