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EP2267850B1 - Electrical surge protection element - Google Patents

Electrical surge protection element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2267850B1
EP2267850B1 EP10006445.0A EP10006445A EP2267850B1 EP 2267850 B1 EP2267850 B1 EP 2267850B1 EP 10006445 A EP10006445 A EP 10006445A EP 2267850 B1 EP2267850 B1 EP 2267850B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
overvoltage
limiting component
overvoltage protection
protection element
housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP10006445.0A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2267850A2 (en
EP2267850A3 (en
Inventor
Christina Stohlmeyer
Andreas Metzger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP2267850A2 publication Critical patent/EP2267850A2/en
Publication of EP2267850A3 publication Critical patent/EP2267850A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2267850B1 publication Critical patent/EP2267850B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/12—Means structurally associated with spark gap for recording operation thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors
    • H01C7/126—Means for protecting against excessive pressure or for disconnecting in case of failure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/14—Means structurally associated with spark gap for protecting it against overload or for disconnecting it in case of failure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an overvoltage protection element having a housing, with at least one overvoltage limiting component arranged in the housing, in particular a varistor, and with two connection elements for electrically connecting the overvoltage protection element to the current or signal path to be protected, with at least one spring element and with a thermally disconnecting element Connection which disconnects when the temperature of the overvoltage limiting component exceeds a predetermined limit temperature, wherein in the normal state of the overvoltage protection element, the connection elements are in each case in electrically conductive contact with one pole of the overvoltage limiting component.
  • an overvoltage protection element which has a thermal separation device for monitoring the state of a varistor.
  • the first connection element is connected via a flexible conductor to a rigid separation element whose end remote from the flexible conductor is connected via a solder joint to a connection lug provided on the varistor.
  • the other connection element is connected via a flexible conductor fixed to the varistor or a terminal lug on the varistor.
  • the separator is urged by a spring system with a force that causes the separator to move linearly upon separation of the solder joint from the terminal lug so that the varistor is electrically disconnected under thermal overload.
  • a remote signaling contact is simultaneously actuated during the separation of the solder connection, so that a remote monitoring of the state of the overvoltage protection element is possible.
  • an overvoltage protection element in which the monitoring of the state of a varistor according to the principle of a temperature switch, so that when overheating of the varistor a provided between the varistor and a separator solder joint is separated, resulting in an electrical separation of the varistor.
  • the DE 695 03 743 T2 discloses an overvoltage protection element with two varistors, which has two separating means, which can individually separate the varistors at their end of life.
  • the separating means each have a resilient separating tongue, wherein the first end of the separating tongue firmly connected to the first terminal and the second end of the separating tongue is attached in the normal state of the overvoltage protection element via a solder joint to a connecting tongue on the varistor. If there is an inadmissible heating of the varistor, this leads to a melting of the solder joint.
  • the separation tongue Since the separation tongue is deflected in the soldered state (normal state of the overvoltage protection element) from its rest position and thus biased, the free end of the separation tongue springs when softening the solder joint of the connecting tongue of the varistor, whereby the varistor is electrically disconnected.
  • the separation tongue In order to ensure the required insulation and tracking resistance and to erase an emerging when opening the separation point arc, it is necessary that when pivoting the separation tongue as large a distance between the second end of the separation tongue and the connection tongue of the overvoltage limiting component is achieved.
  • the US 2007/0217111 A1 discloses an overvoltage protection element having a solder joint having a thermally isolating connection, which serves in the normal state of the overvoltage protection element of the electrical connection between a connection element and a pole of the varistor.
  • the solder joint is arranged between one end of a resilient separating element and a contact portion of the varistor, so that the solder joint is always loaded by the spring force of the deflected from its rest position separating element with a shear stress.
  • the overvoltage protection element known from this publication it is also necessary in the case of the overvoltage protection element known from this publication to erase the arc arising when the separation point is opened, so that the greatest possible distance between the end of the separation element and the contact section of the varistor is achieved during springback of the separation element.
  • the known overvoltage protection elements are generally designed as a "protective plug", which together with a device lower part form an overvoltage protection device.
  • a surge protection device which is intended to protect, for example, the phase-leading conductors L1, L2, L3 and the neutral conductor N and possibly also the earth conductor PE, corresponding terminals for the individual conductors are provided in the known surge protection devices on the device base.
  • the connection elements are designed as plug pins in the overvoltage protection element, which are arranged in the lower device part corresponding, connected to the terminals sockets, so that the overvoltage protection element can be easily plugged onto the device base.
  • overvoltage protection devices In such overvoltage protection devices, the installation and assembly by plugging the surge protection elements is very simple and time-saving feasible.
  • overvoltage protection devices partly still have a changeover contact as a signal transmitter for remote signaling of the status of at least one overvoltage protection element and an optical status indication in the individual overvoltage protection elements.
  • the status display indicates whether the overvoltage-limiting component arranged in the overvoltage protection element is still functional or not.
  • varistors are used as overvoltage limiting component, although it is also possible to use gas-filled surge arresters, spark gaps or diodes depending on the intended use of the overvoltage protection element.
  • thermal separation devices which are based on the melting of a solder joint, have to fulfill several tasks.
  • a secure and good electrical connection between the first connection element and the overvoltage limiting component must be ensured.
  • the separation point must ensure a safe separation of the overvoltage limiting component as well as a permanent insulation resistance and tracking resistance.
  • the problem is, however, that the solder joint is permanently loaded with a shear stress due to the spring force of the spring element or deflected from its rest position separating tongue in the normal state of the overvoltage protection element.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object to provide an initially described overvoltage protection element, in which the aforementioned disadvantages are avoided. It should be ensured both a safe and good electrical connection in the normal state and a safe separation of a defective overvoltage limiting device. In addition, the highest possible insulation and tracking resistance should be achieved even with the smallest possible size of the overvoltage protection element.
  • overvoltage protection element characterized in that the overvoltage limiting component is rotatably mounted in the housing, wherein in the normal state of the overvoltage protection element at least one pole of the overvoltage limiting component is connected via a plug connection with a connection element.
  • at least one spring element is arranged between the housing and the overvoltage limiting component in such a way that the overvoltage limiting component is rotated by the spring element during thermal overload so that at least one pole is no longer in electrically conductive contact with the associated connection element.
  • the two poles of overvoltage limiting component are in the normal state of the overvoltage protection element against the spring force of the spring element in electrically conductive contact with the connection elements, a thermally disconnecting connection is arranged between the overvoltage limiting component and the housing.
  • the overvoltage protection element prevents this connection between the overvoltage limiting component and the housing rotation of the overvoltage limiting component, so that the connection elements are in each case in electrically conductive contact with one pole of the overvoltage limiting component.
  • the solder joint which serves in the normal state of the overvoltage protection element of the electrical connection between the first connection element and a pole of the overvoltage limiting component, is always loaded by the spring force of a spring element with a shear stress, resulting in a deterioration of can lead electrical connection is the connection in the overvoltage protection element according to the invention not loaded by a spring force between the connection elements and the poles of the overvoltage limiting component.
  • the fixation of the overvoltage limiting component in the contact position takes place in the overvoltage protection element according to the invention by the thermally disconnecting compound which is formed between the tibernapssbegrenzenden device and the housing.
  • the spring force of the spring element thus does not interfere in the normal state of the overvoltage protection element at the electrical connection points of the overvoltage limiting component but at the separately formed connection between the component and the housing.
  • a spring element can be used both a compression spring and a tension spring.
  • a compression spring and a tension spring can be used.
  • the thermally disconnecting connection between the overvoltage limiting component and the housing is realized by a retaining element arranged in the housing, which prevents rotation of the overvoltage limiting component in the normal state of the overvoltage protection element.
  • the retaining element is made of a material which melts when the temperature of the overvoltage limiting component exceeds a predetermined limit temperature.
  • the arrangement of the retaining element in direct contact with or in the immediate vicinity of the overvoltage limiting component is thereby ensured that a heating of the overvoltage limiting component also leads to a heating of the retaining element, so that the retaining element melts upon reaching the predetermined limit temperature.
  • This then causes the rotatably mounted overvoltage limiting component is rotated by the spring element, whereby the realized between at least one pole and a connection element plug connection is disconnected, causing an electrical separation of the overvoltage limiting component.
  • a suitably suitable plastic which melts from a temperature of about 110 ° C to 130 ° C.
  • polyethylene preferably low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) or High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) as well as Polycarbonate (PC).
  • LDPE low Density Polyethylene
  • HDPE High Density Polyethylene
  • PC Polycarbonate
  • other materials in particular other plastics, conceivable for the realization of the retaining element.
  • a plurality of retaining elements, in particular two retaining elements may be arranged between the housing and the surge-limiting component.
  • the second pole is also connected via a plug connection to the second connection element, wherein both poles are electrically conductively connected in each case to a connection lug.
  • the connecting lugs are preferably designed as plug pins, which are inserted in the normal state of the overvoltage protection element in the form of a plug, in particular as a tulip-shaped contact forks, connecting elements. It is particularly easy to produce a shock current carrying electrical connection between the terminal lugs and the connection elements.
  • a plug connection is formed only between one pole of the overvoltage limiting component and a connection element, wherein this pole is also electrically connected to a terminal lug.
  • the terminal tab is preferably formed as a pin, in which case the connection element is formed on the side facing the terminal lug as a female connector.
  • the second pole of the overvoltage limiting component is not electrically connected in this embodiment via a plug connection but via a rotary connection with the second connection element.
  • the second pole of the overvoltage limiting component is connected to a pivot pin and the associated second connection element on the pivot side facing the side with a corresponding pivot bearing.
  • the formation of a rotary connection between the second pole of the overvoltage limiting component and the second connection element makes it possible for thermal overloading of the overvoltage limiting component to be rotated by the spring element.
  • only one pole is separated from the connection element, while the other pole is still connected to the connection element via the rotary connection.
  • the overvoltage protection element In order to ensure a high insulation and creeping current resistance and a at the opening of the separation point, i. When disconnecting the connector between the at least one pole and the at least one connection element to extinguish arcing, the greatest possible distance between the pole or the poles and the associated connection element must be achieved. For this purpose, however, it is not necessary in the overvoltage protection element according to the invention that its dimensions are increased, since the desired spacing can be achieved by a correspondingly wide rotation of the overvoltage-limiting component.
  • the overvoltage protection element according to the invention is advantageously designed as a "protective plug" so that it forms an overvoltage protection device together with a corresponding device lower part.
  • the lower device part has a telecommunications contact for remote notification of the state of the overvoltage protection element.
  • a release pin is provided which protrudes through an opening in the bottom of the housing. The release pin may be connected to the overvoltage limiting component such that it is displaced when disconnecting the electrical contact between at least one pole of the overvoltage limiting component and a connection element with the overvoltage limiting component, whereby the arranged in the device lower part telecommunications contact is actuated.
  • the figures show an overvoltage protection element 1 with a housing 2, wherein a surge-limiting component 3 is arranged in the housing 2.
  • the overvoltage limiting device is a varistor 3;
  • a gas-filled Gönapsabieiter as surge limiting Component 3 can be used.
  • Trained as a protective plug overvoltage protection element 1 has two connecting elements 4, 5 designed as sockets, which can be plugged onto corresponding connector pins of a device lower part, not shown here.
  • the two poles of the varistor 3 are each connected to a connecting lug 6, 7, wherein in the normal state of the overvoltage protection element 1, the varistor 3 is connected via the two connecting lugs 6, 7 with the two connecting elements 4, 5.
  • the connection between the two terminal lugs 6, 7 and the two connecting elements 4.5 follows in each case via a shock current carrying plug-in connection 8, 9, including the ends of the connecting elements 4, 5 which are designed as plug pins 6, 7 as tulip-shaped contact sockets 10, 11 are formed.
  • a spring element 12 and a retaining element 13 are still arranged in the housing 2.
  • the spring element 12 is in this case arranged between the housing 2 and the varistor 3 or the connecting lug 6 of the varistor 3, that the varistor 3 is rotated by the spring element 12 in case of thermal overload, that the two connecting lugs 6, 7 from the contact bushings 10th 11, so that the two poles of the varistor 3 are no longer in electrically conductive contact with the associated connection elements 4, 5; the varistor 3 is electrically isolated.
  • the retaining element 13 prevents that the varistor 3 is already rotated in the normal state of the overvoltage protection element 1 due to the spring force of the spring element 12. By the retaining element 13 thus rotation of the varistor 3 is prevented, as long as the varistor 3 has not exceeded a certain limit temperature. Due to the arrangement of the retaining element 13 with direct contact with the varistor 3, a heating of the varistor 3 also leads to a heating of the preferably made of plastic retaining element 13.
  • the retaining element 13 is designed so that it reaches the limit temperature, usually between about 110 ° C and 130 ° C, melts, so that the Varistor 3 is no longer held by the retaining element 13 in its position but due to the spring force of the spring element 12 is rotated.
  • the overvoltage protection element 1 once in the normal state ( Fig. 2 ) and once with electrically separated varistor 3 ( Fig. 3 ), the varistor 3 is rotated by the spring element 12 in the clockwise direction in the illustrated exemplary embodiments in such a way that the two connection lugs 6, 7 are pulled out of the contact bushes 10, 11.
  • the separated state of the varistor 3 in which the tension spring 12 is relaxed, the distance between the terminal lugs 6, 7 and the associated contact sockets 10, 11 is so large that an eventual disconnection of the connector 8, 9 evtl, resulting arc is interrupted.
  • the two terminal lugs 6, 7 are both arranged on the outer periphery 14 of the varistor 3, whereby its production, in particular the Enveloping process of the varistor 3 with an insulating sheath simplified.
  • a very flat construction of the varistor 3 and thus of the overvoltage protection element 1 is achievable overall.
  • a plurality of bearing rollers 18 are arranged in the housing 2 such that the varistor 3 are rotated by the spring element 12 with low frictional resistance can, when the retaining element 13 is melted and thus no longer counteracts the spring force of the spring element 12.
  • an optical state indicator 19 is provided, which is applied as a paint or colored film directly on the outer circumference 14 of the varistor 3.
  • a viewing window 21 is formed, through which, depending on the rotational position of the varistor 3, a different colored portion of the status display 19 is visible.
  • the housing 2 is formed in two parts, namely a cup-shaped, cup-shaped first housing part 22 and a lid formed as a second housing part 23 has.
  • the varistor 3 the connecting elements 4, 5, the spring element 12, the retaining element 13 and the bearing rollers 18 are arranged, while the second housing part 23 serves only to close the housing 2.
  • the assembly of the overvoltage protection element according to the invention can be done simply by first the bearing rollers 18 and the varistor 3 and the connection elements 4, 5 are inserted into the first housing part 22, the spring element 12 is initially only with its one end to the terminal lug 6 of the varistor Thereafter, the varistor 3 is rotated in the housing 2 such that the terminal lug 6 - in the embodiment according to 4 and 5 - or the two terminal lugs 6, 7 - in the Aus colburungsbeispiel according to the FIGS. 2 and 3 - Between the female contact 10 and the female contacts 10 and 11 are inserted. Subsequently, the retaining element 13 is inserted into a receptacle 24 provided for this purpose in the housing part 22, whereby the varistor 3 is locked in its position. Thereafter, the spring element 12 is stretched and mounted on a likewise formed in the housing part 22 fastening pin 25 with its second end. Finally, the lid 23 is connected to the housing part 22, whereby the housing 2 is closed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Fuses (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Überspannungsschutzelement mit einem Gehäuse, mit mindestens einem in dem Gehäuse angeordneten überspannungsbegrenzenden Bauelement, insbesondere einem Varistor, und mit zwei Anschlusselementen zum elektrischen Anschluss des Überspannungsschutzelements an den zu schützenden Strom- oder Signalpfad, mit mindestens einem Federelement und mit einer thermisch auftrennenden Verbindung, die dann auftrennt, wenn die Temperatur des überspannungsbegrenzenden Bauelements eine vorgegebene Grenztemperatur überschreitet, wobei im Normalzustand des Überspannungsschutzelements die Anschlusselemente jeweils mit einem Pol des überspannungsbegrenzenden Bauelements in elektrisch leitendem Kontakt stehen.The invention relates to an overvoltage protection element having a housing, with at least one overvoltage limiting component arranged in the housing, in particular a varistor, and with two connection elements for electrically connecting the overvoltage protection element to the current or signal path to be protected, with at least one spring element and with a thermally disconnecting element Connection which disconnects when the temperature of the overvoltage limiting component exceeds a predetermined limit temperature, wherein in the normal state of the overvoltage protection element, the connection elements are in each case in electrically conductive contact with one pole of the overvoltage limiting component.

Aus der DE 42 41 311 C2 ist ein Überspannungsschutzelement bekannt, das zur Überwachung des Zustands eines Varistors eine thermische Abtrennvorrichtung aufweist. Bei diesem Überspannungsschutzelement ist das erste Anschlusselement über einen flexiblen Leiter mit einem starren Trennelement verbunden, dessen dem flexiblen Leiter abgewandtes Ende über eine Lötstelle mit einer am Varistor vorgesehenen Anschlussfahne verbunden ist. Das andere Anschlusselement ist über einen flexiblen Leiter fest mit dem Varistor bzw. einer Anschlussfahne am Varistor verbunden. Das Trennelement wird von einem Federsystem mit einer Kraft beaufschlagt, die dazu fühlt, dass das Trennelement beim Auftrennen der Lötverbindung von der Anschlussfahne linear wegbewegt wird, so dass der Varistor bei thermischer Überlastung elektrisch abgetrennt wird. Über das Federsystem wird beim Auftrennen der Lötverbindung gleichzeitig ein Fernmeldekontakt betätigt, so dass eine Femüberwachung des Zustandes des Überspannungsschutzelements möglich ist.From the DE 42 41 311 C2 is an overvoltage protection element is known, which has a thermal separation device for monitoring the state of a varistor. In this overvoltage protection element, the first connection element is connected via a flexible conductor to a rigid separation element whose end remote from the flexible conductor is connected via a solder joint to a connection lug provided on the varistor. The other connection element is connected via a flexible conductor fixed to the varistor or a terminal lug on the varistor. The separator is urged by a spring system with a force that causes the separator to move linearly upon separation of the solder joint from the terminal lug so that the varistor is electrically disconnected under thermal overload. By means of the spring system, a remote signaling contact is simultaneously actuated during the separation of the solder connection, so that a remote monitoring of the state of the overvoltage protection element is possible.

Auch aus der DE 20 2004 006 227 U1 ist ein Überspannungsschutzelement bekannt, bei dem die Überwachung des Zustands eines Varistors nach dem Prinzip eines Temperaturschalters erfolgt, so dass bei Überhitzung des Varistors eine zwischen dem Varistor und einem Trennelement vorgesehene Lötverbindung aufgetrennt wird, was zu einem elektrischen Abtrennen des Varistors führt. Außerdem wird beim Auftrennen der Lötverbindung ein Kunststoffelement durch die Rückstellkraft einer Feder aus einer ersten Position in eine zweite Position geschoben, in der das als federnde Metallzunge ausgebildete Trennelement durch das Kunststoffelement thermisch und elektrisch vom Varistor getrennt ist, so dass ein eventuell zwischen der Metallzunge und der Kontaktstelle des Varistors anstehender Lichtbogen gelöscht wird. Da das Kunststoffelement zwei nebeneinander angeordnete farbige Markierungen aufweist, fungiert es gleichzeitig auch als optische Zustandsanzeige, so dass der Zustand des Überspannungsschutzelements direkt vor Ort abgelesen werden kann.Also from the DE 20 2004 006 227 U1 an overvoltage protection element is known, in which the monitoring of the state of a varistor according to the principle of a temperature switch, so that when overheating of the varistor a provided between the varistor and a separator solder joint is separated, resulting in an electrical separation of the varistor. In addition, when separating the solder joint, a plastic element by the restoring force of a spring from a first position in a pushed second position in which the designed as a resilient metal tongue separating element is thermally and electrically separated from the varistor by the plastic element, so that any pending between the metal tongue and the contact point of the varistor arc is deleted. Since the plastic element has two color markings arranged next to one another, it also simultaneously functions as an optical status indicator, so that the state of the overvoltage protection element can be read directly on site.

Die DE 695 03 743 T2 offenbart ein Überspannungsschutzelement mit zwei Varistoren, das zwei Trennmittel aufweist, die die Varistoren jeweils an ihrem Lebensende einzeln abtrennen können. Die Trennmittel weisen jeweils eine federnde Trennzunge auf, wobei das erste Ende der Trennzunge mit dem ersten Anschluss fest verbunden und das zweite Ende der Trennzunge im Normalzustand des Überspannungsschutzelements über eine Lötstelle an einer Verbindungszunge am Varistor befestigt ist. Kommt es zu einer unzulässigen Erwärmung des Varistors, so führt dies zu einem Aufschmelzen der Lötverbindung. Da die Trennzunge im angelöteten Zustand (Normalzustand des Überspannungsschutzelements) aus ihrer Ruhelage ausgelenkt und somit vorgespannt ist, federt das freie Ende der Trennzunge beim Erweichen der Lötverbindung von der Verbindungszunge des Varistors weg, wodurch der Varistor elektrisch abgetrennt wird. Um die geforderte Isolations- und Kriechstromfestigkeit zu gewährleisten und einen beim Öffnen der Trennstelle entstehenden Lichtbogen zu löschen, ist es erforderlich, dass beim Verschwenken der Trennzunge ein möglichst großer Abstand zwischen dem zweiten Ende der Trennzunge und der Verbindungszunge des überspannungsbegrenzenden Bauelement erzielt wird.The DE 695 03 743 T2 discloses an overvoltage protection element with two varistors, which has two separating means, which can individually separate the varistors at their end of life. The separating means each have a resilient separating tongue, wherein the first end of the separating tongue firmly connected to the first terminal and the second end of the separating tongue is attached in the normal state of the overvoltage protection element via a solder joint to a connecting tongue on the varistor. If there is an inadmissible heating of the varistor, this leads to a melting of the solder joint. Since the separation tongue is deflected in the soldered state (normal state of the overvoltage protection element) from its rest position and thus biased, the free end of the separation tongue springs when softening the solder joint of the connecting tongue of the varistor, whereby the varistor is electrically disconnected. In order to ensure the required insulation and tracking resistance and to erase an emerging when opening the separation point arc, it is necessary that when pivoting the separation tongue as large a distance between the second end of the separation tongue and the connection tongue of the overvoltage limiting component is achieved.

Auch die US 2007/0217111 A1 offenbart ein Überspannungsschutzelement mit einer eine Lötverbindung aufweisenden thermisch auftrennenden Verbindung, die im Normalzustand des Überspannungsschutzelements der elektrischen Verbindung zwischen einem Anschlusselement und einem Pol des Varistors dient. Die Lötverbindung ist dabei zwischen einem Ende eines federnden Trennelements und einem Kontaktabschnitt des Varistors angeordnet, so dass die Lötverbindung durch die Federkraft des aus seiner Ruhelage ausgelenkten Trennelements stets mit einer Scherspannung belastet ist. Um einen beim Öffnen der Trennstelle entstehenden Lichtbogen zu löschen, ist es auch bei dem aus dieser Druckschrift bekannten Überspannungsschutzelement erforderlich, dass beim Zurückfedern des Trennelements ein möglichst großer Abstand zwischen dem Ende des Trennelements und dem Kontaktabschnitt des Varistors erzielt wird.Also the US 2007/0217111 A1 discloses an overvoltage protection element having a solder joint having a thermally isolating connection, which serves in the normal state of the overvoltage protection element of the electrical connection between a connection element and a pole of the varistor. The solder joint is arranged between one end of a resilient separating element and a contact portion of the varistor, so that the solder joint is always loaded by the spring force of the deflected from its rest position separating element with a shear stress. To one It is also necessary in the case of the overvoltage protection element known from this publication to erase the arc arising when the separation point is opened, so that the greatest possible distance between the end of the separation element and the contact section of the varistor is achieved during springback of the separation element.

Die bekannten Überspannungsschutzelemente sind in der Regel als "Schutzstecker" ausgebildet, die zusammen mit einem Geräteunterteil ein Überspannungsschutzgerät bilden. Zur Installation eines derartigen Überspannungsschutzgeräts, welches beispielsweise die phasenführenden Leiter L1, L2, L3 sowie den Neutralleiter N und gegebenenfalls auch den Erdleiter PE schützen soll, sind bei den bekannten Überspannungsschutzgeräten am Geräteunterteil entsprechende Anschlussklemmen für die einzelnen Leiter vorgesehen. Zur einfachen mechanischen und elektrischen Kontaktierung des Geräteunterteils mit dem jeweiligen Überspannungsschutzelement sind bei dem Überspannungsschutzelement die Anschlusselemente als Steckerstifte ausgebildet, zu denen im Geräteunterteil korrespondierende, mit den Anschlussklemmen verbundene Steckerbuchsen angeordnet sind, so dass das Überspannungsschutzelement einfach auf das Geräteunterteil aufsteckbar ist.The known overvoltage protection elements are generally designed as a "protective plug", which together with a device lower part form an overvoltage protection device. To install such a surge protection device, which is intended to protect, for example, the phase-leading conductors L1, L2, L3 and the neutral conductor N and possibly also the earth conductor PE, corresponding terminals for the individual conductors are provided in the known surge protection devices on the device base. For simple mechanical and electrical contacting of the device base with the respective overvoltage protection element, the connection elements are designed as plug pins in the overvoltage protection element, which are arranged in the lower device part corresponding, connected to the terminals sockets, so that the overvoltage protection element can be easily plugged onto the device base.

Bei derartigen Überspannungsschutzgeräten ist die Installation und Montage durch die Steckbarkeit der Überspannungsschutzelemente sehr einfach und zeitsparend durchführbar. Zusätzlich weisen derartige Überspannungsschutzgeräte teilweise noch einen Wechselkontakt als Signalgeber zur Fernmeldung des Zustands mindestens eines Überspannungsschutzelements sowie eine optische Zustandsanzeige in den einzelnen Überspannungsschutzelementen auf. Über die Zustandsanzeige wird angezeigt, ob das in dem Überspannungsschutzelement angeordnete überspannungsbegrenzende Bauelement noch funktionstüchtig ist oder nicht. Als überspannungsbegrenzendes Bauelement werden dabei insbesondere Varistoren verwendet, wobei jedoch je nach Einsatzzweck des Überspannungsschutzelements auch gasgefüllte Überspannungsableiter, Funkenstrecken oder Dioden eingesetzt werden können.In such overvoltage protection devices, the installation and assembly by plugging the surge protection elements is very simple and time-saving feasible. In addition, such overvoltage protection devices partly still have a changeover contact as a signal transmitter for remote signaling of the status of at least one overvoltage protection element and an optical status indication in the individual overvoltage protection elements. The status display indicates whether the overvoltage-limiting component arranged in the overvoltage protection element is still functional or not. In particular, varistors are used as overvoltage limiting component, although it is also possible to use gas-filled surge arresters, spark gaps or diodes depending on the intended use of the overvoltage protection element.

Die zuvor beschriebenen, bei den bekannten Überspannungsschutzelementen verwendeten, thermischen Abtrennvorrichtungen, die auf dem Aufschmelzen einer Lötverbindung beruhen, haben mehrere Aufgaben zu erfüllen. Im Normalzustand des Überspannungsschutzelements, d. h. im nicht getrennten Zustand, muss eine sichere und gute elektrische Verbindung zwischen dem ersten Anschlusselement und dem überspannungsbegrenzenden Bauelement gewährleistet sein. Beim Überschreiten einer bestimmten Grenztemperatur muss die Trennstelle eine sichere Abtrennung des überspannungsbegrenzenden Bauelements sowie eine dauerhafte Isolationsfestigkeit und Kriechstromfestigkeit gewährleisten. Problematisch ist dabei jedoch, dass die Lötverbindung aufgrund der Federkraft des Federelements oder der aus ihrer Ruhelage ausgelenkten Trennzunge im Normalzustand des Überspannungsschutzelements dauerhaft mit einer Scherspannung belastet wird.The above-described, used in the known overvoltage protection elements, thermal separation devices, which are based on the melting of a solder joint, have to fulfill several tasks. In normal condition of the overvoltage protection element, ie in the non-separated state, a secure and good electrical connection between the first connection element and the overvoltage limiting component must be ensured. When a certain limit temperature is exceeded, the separation point must ensure a safe separation of the overvoltage limiting component as well as a permanent insulation resistance and tracking resistance. The problem is, however, that the solder joint is permanently loaded with a shear stress due to the spring force of the spring element or deflected from its rest position separating tongue in the normal state of the overvoltage protection element.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein eingangs beschriebenes Überspannungsschutzelement zur Verfügung zu stellen, bei welchem die zuvor genannten Nachteile vermieden werden. Dabei soll sowohl eine sichere und gute elektrische Verbindung im Normalzustand als auch eine sichere Abtrennung eines defekten überspannungsbegrenzenden Bauelements gewährleistet sein. Darüber hinaus soll eine möglichst hohe Isolations- und Kriechstromfestigkeit auch bei möglichst kleiner Baugröße des Überspannungsschutzelements erzielt werden.The present invention is therefore based on the object to provide an initially described overvoltage protection element, in which the aforementioned disadvantages are avoided. It should be ensured both a safe and good electrical connection in the normal state and a safe separation of a defective overvoltage limiting device. In addition, the highest possible insulation and tracking resistance should be achieved even with the smallest possible size of the overvoltage protection element.

Diese Aufgabe ist bei dem eingangs beschriebenen Überspannungsschutzelement gemäß dem Patentanspruch 1 dadurch gelöst, dass das überspannungsbegrenzende Bauelement drehbar im Gehäuse gelagert ist, wobei im Normalzustand des Überspannungsschutzelements mindestens ein Pol des überspannungsbegrenzenden Bauelements über eine Steckverbindung mit einem Anschlusselement verbunden ist. Darüber hinaus ist mindestens ein Federelement derart zwischen dem Gehäuse und dem überspannungsbegrenzenden Bauelement angeordnet, dass das überspannungsbegrenzende Bauelement bei thermischer Überlastung durch das Federelement so gedreht wird, dass mindestens ein Pol nicht mehr mit dem zugeordneten Anschlusselement in elektrisch leitendem Kontakt steht. Damit bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Überspannungsschutzelement die beiden Pole des überspannungsbegrenzenden Bauelements im Normalzustand des Überspannungsschutzelements entgegen der Federkraft des Federelements in elektrisch leitendem Kontakt mit den Anschlusselementen stehen, ist zwischen dem überspannungsbegrenzenden Bauelement und dem Gehäuse eine thermisch auftrennende Verbindung angeordnet. Im Normalzustand des Überspannungsschutzelements verhindert diese Verbindung zwischen dem überspannungsbegrenzenden Bauelement und dem Gehäuse eine Drehung des überspannungsbegrenzenden Bauelements, so dass die Anschlusselemente jeweils mit einem Pol des überspannungsbegrenzenden Bauelements in elektrisch leitendem Kontakt stehen.This object is achieved in the above-described overvoltage protection element according to claim 1, characterized in that the overvoltage limiting component is rotatably mounted in the housing, wherein in the normal state of the overvoltage protection element at least one pole of the overvoltage limiting component is connected via a plug connection with a connection element. In addition, at least one spring element is arranged between the housing and the overvoltage limiting component in such a way that the overvoltage limiting component is rotated by the spring element during thermal overload so that at least one pole is no longer in electrically conductive contact with the associated connection element. Thus, in the overvoltage protection element according to the invention, the two poles of overvoltage limiting component are in the normal state of the overvoltage protection element against the spring force of the spring element in electrically conductive contact with the connection elements, a thermally disconnecting connection is arranged between the overvoltage limiting component and the housing. In normal condition the overvoltage protection element prevents this connection between the overvoltage limiting component and the housing rotation of the overvoltage limiting component, so that the connection elements are in each case in electrically conductive contact with one pole of the overvoltage limiting component.

Während bei den aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Überspannungsschutzelementen die Lötstelle, die im Normalzustand des Überspannungsschutzelements der elektrischen Verbindung zwischen dem ersten Anschlusselement und einem Pol des überspannungsbegrenzenden Bauelements dient, durch die Federkraft eines Federelements stets mit einer Scherspannung belastet ist, was zu einer Verschlechterung der elektrischen Verbindung führen kann, ist bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Überspannungsschutzelement die Verbindung zwischen den Anschlusselementen und den Polen des überspannungsbegrenzenden Bauelements nicht durch eine Federkraft belastet.While in the known from the prior art overvoltage protection elements, the solder joint, which serves in the normal state of the overvoltage protection element of the electrical connection between the first connection element and a pole of the overvoltage limiting component, is always loaded by the spring force of a spring element with a shear stress, resulting in a deterioration of can lead electrical connection is the connection in the overvoltage protection element according to the invention not loaded by a spring force between the connection elements and the poles of the overvoltage limiting component.

Die Fixierung des überspannungsbegrenzenden Bauelements in der Kontaktstellung erfolgt bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Überspannungsschutzelement durch die thermisch auftrennende Verbindung, die zwischen dem tiberspannungsbegrenzenden Bauelement und dem Gehäuse ausgebildet ist. Die Federkraft des Federelements greift somit im Normalzustand des Überspannungsschutzelements nicht an den elektrischen Verbindungsstellen des überspannungsbegrenzenden Bauelements sondern an der davon separat ausgebildeten Verbindung zwischen dem Bauelement und dem Gehäuse an. Als Federelement kann dabei sowohl eine Druckfeder als auch eine Zugfeder verwendet werden. Selbstverständlich können auch eine Druckfeder und eine Zugfeder eingesetzt werden.The fixation of the overvoltage limiting component in the contact position takes place in the overvoltage protection element according to the invention by the thermally disconnecting compound which is formed between the tiberspannungsbegrenzenden device and the housing. The spring force of the spring element thus does not interfere in the normal state of the overvoltage protection element at the electrical connection points of the overvoltage limiting component but at the separately formed connection between the component and the housing. As a spring element can be used both a compression spring and a tension spring. Of course, a compression spring and a tension spring can be used.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird die thermisch auftrennende Verbindung zwischen dem überspannungsbegrenzenden Bauelement und dem Gehäuse durch ein im Gehäuse angeordnetes Rückhalteelement realisiert, das im Normalzustand des Überspannungsschutzelements eine Drehung des überspannungsbegrenzenden Bauelements verhindert. Das Rückhalteelement besteht aus einem Material, das dann schmilzt, wenn die Temperatur des überspannungsbegrenzenden Bauelements eine vorgegebene Grenztemperatur überschreitet. Durch die Anordnung des Rückhalteelements im direkten Kontakt mit oder in unmittelbarer Nähe zu dem überspannungsbegrenzenden Bauelement wird dabei sichergestellt, dass eine Erwärmung des überspannungsbegrenzenden Bauelements auch zu einer Erwärmung des Rückhalteelements führt, so dass das Rückhalteelement bei Erreichen der vorgegebenen Grenztemperatur schmilzt. Dies führt dann dazu, dass das drehbar gelagerte überspannungsbegrenzende Bauelement durch das Federelement gedreht wird, wodurch die zwischen mindestens einem Pol und einem Anschlusselement realisierte Steckverbindung getrennt wird, was eine elektrische Abtrennung des überspannungsbegrenzenden Bauelements bewirkt.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the thermally disconnecting connection between the overvoltage limiting component and the housing is realized by a retaining element arranged in the housing, which prevents rotation of the overvoltage limiting component in the normal state of the overvoltage protection element. The retaining element is made of a material which melts when the temperature of the overvoltage limiting component exceeds a predetermined limit temperature. The arrangement of the retaining element in direct contact with or in the immediate vicinity of the overvoltage limiting component is thereby ensured that a heating of the overvoltage limiting component also leads to a heating of the retaining element, so that the retaining element melts upon reaching the predetermined limit temperature. This then causes the rotatably mounted overvoltage limiting component is rotated by the spring element, whereby the realized between at least one pole and a connection element plug connection is disconnected, causing an electrical separation of the overvoltage limiting component.

Für das Rückhalteelement wird vorzugsweise ein entsprechend geeigneter Kunststoff verwendet, der ab einer Temperatur von ca. 110° C bis 130° C schmilzt. Hierfür eignet sich insbesondere Polyethylen, vorzugsweise Low Density Polyethylen (LDPE) oder High Density Polyethylen (HDPE) sowie Polycarbonat (PC). Darüber hinaus sind jedoch auch andere Materialien, insbesondere andere Kunststoffe, zur Realisierung des Rückhalteelements denkbar. Außerdem können anstelle von einem Rückhalteelement auch mehrere Rückhalteelemente, insbesondere zwei Rückhalteelemente zwischen dem Gehäuse und dem überspannungsbegrenzenden Bauelement angeordnet sein.For the retaining element preferably a suitably suitable plastic is used, which melts from a temperature of about 110 ° C to 130 ° C. For this purpose, in particular polyethylene, preferably low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) or High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) as well as Polycarbonate (PC). In addition, however, other materials, in particular other plastics, conceivable for the realization of the retaining element. In addition, instead of a retaining element, a plurality of retaining elements, in particular two retaining elements, may be arranged between the housing and the surge-limiting component.

Zuvor ist ausgeführt worden, dass im Normalzustand des Überspannungsschutzelements mindestens ein Pol des überspannungsbegrenzenden Bauelements über eine Steckverbindung mit einem Anschlusselement verbunden ist. Gemäß einer ersten Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Überspannungsschutzelements ist auch der zweite Pol über eine Steckverbindung mit dem zweiten Anschlusselement verbunden, wobei beide Pole jeweils mit einer Anschlusslasche elektrisch leitend verbunden sind. Die Anschlusslaschen sind dabei vorzugsweise als Steckerstifte ausgebildet, die im Normalzustand des Überspannungsschutzelements in den als Steckerbuchsen, insbesondere als tulpenförmige Kontaktgabeln, ausgebildeten Anschlusselementen eingesteckt sind. Hierbei ist es besonders einfach möglich, eine stoßstromtragfähige elektrische Verbindung zwischen den Anschlusslaschen und den Anschlusselementen herzustellen. Kommt es zu einer unzulässigen Erwärmung des überspannungsbegrenzenden Bauelements, so führt dies zu einer Erwärmung des mindestens einen Rückhaltelements, so dass dieses schmilzt und dadurch das überspannungsbegrenzende Bauelement durch das Federelement gedreht wird, wodurch die beiden Anschlusslaschen aus den Steckerbuchsen gezogen werden.It has previously been stated that, in the normal state of the overvoltage protection element, at least one pole of the overvoltage limiting component is connected to a connection element via a plug connection. According to a first embodiment of the overvoltage protection element according to the invention, the second pole is also connected via a plug connection to the second connection element, wherein both poles are electrically conductively connected in each case to a connection lug. The connecting lugs are preferably designed as plug pins, which are inserted in the normal state of the overvoltage protection element in the form of a plug, in particular as a tulip-shaped contact forks, connecting elements. It is particularly easy to produce a shock current carrying electrical connection between the terminal lugs and the connection elements. If there is an inadmissible heating of the overvoltage limiting component, this leads to a heating of the at least one retaining element, so that it melts and thereby the overvoltage limiting component is rotated by the spring element, whereby the two terminal straps are pulled out of the sockets.

Die Ausbildung von zwei Steckverbindungen führt dazu, dass auch zwei Trennstellen vorgesehen sind. Hierdurch wird das Verlöschen eines eventuell auftretenden Lichtbogens an den Trennstellen begünstigt, da die beiden Trennstellen eine Reihenschaltung bilden, so dass sich durch die Reihenschaltung der beiden Trennstelle die Gesamtlichtbogenlänge und damit auch die Lichtbogenspannung vergrößert.The formation of two connectors results in that two separation points are provided. As a result, the extinction of a possibly occurring arc is favored at the separation points, since the two separation points form a series circuit, so that increases the total arc length and thus the arc voltage through the series connection of the two separation point.

Bei einer alternativen Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Überspannungsschutzelements ist nur zwischen einem Pol des überspannungsbegrenzenden Bauelements und einem Anschlusselement eine Steckverbindung ausgebildet, wobei dieser Pol ebenfalls mit einer Anschlusslasche elektrisch leitend verbunden ist. Auch hierbei ist die Anschlusslasche vorzugsweise als Steckerstift ausgebildet, wobei dann das Anschlusselement auf der der Anschlusslasche zugewandten Seite als Steckerbuchse ausgebildet ist. Der zweite Pol des überspannungsbegrenzenden Bauelements ist bei dieser Ausgestaltung nicht über eine Steckverbindung sondern über eine Drehverbindung mit dem zweiten Anschlusselement elektrisch verbunden.In an alternative embodiment of the overvoltage protection element according to the invention, a plug connection is formed only between one pole of the overvoltage limiting component and a connection element, wherein this pole is also electrically connected to a terminal lug. Again, the terminal tab is preferably formed as a pin, in which case the connection element is formed on the side facing the terminal lug as a female connector. The second pole of the overvoltage limiting component is not electrically connected in this embodiment via a plug connection but via a rotary connection with the second connection element.

Vorzugsweise ist dabei der zweite Pol des überspannungsbegrenzenden Bauelements mit einem Drehzapfen und das zugehörige zweite Anschlusselement auf der dem Drehzapfen zugewandten Seite mit einer korrespondierenden Drehlagerung verbunden. Die Ausbildung einer Drehverbindung zwischen dem zweiten Pol des überspannungsbegrenzenden Bauelements und dem zweiten Anschlusselement ermöglicht es, dass bei thermischer Überlastung des überspannungsbegrenzenden Bauelements dieses durch das Federelement gedreht wird. Bei dieser Ausgestaltung ist im Schadensfall des überspannungsbegrenzenden Bauelements nur ein Pol von dem Anschlusselement getrennt, während der andere Pol über die Drehverbindung noch mit dem Anschlusselement verbunden ist.Preferably, the second pole of the overvoltage limiting component is connected to a pivot pin and the associated second connection element on the pivot side facing the side with a corresponding pivot bearing. The formation of a rotary connection between the second pole of the overvoltage limiting component and the second connection element makes it possible for thermal overloading of the overvoltage limiting component to be rotated by the spring element. In this embodiment, in the case of damage of the overvoltage limiting component, only one pole is separated from the connection element, while the other pole is still connected to the connection element via the rotary connection.

Um eine hohe Isolations- und Kriechstromfestigkeit zu gewährleisten und einen beim Öffnen der Trennstelle, d.h. beim Trennen der Steckverbindung zwischen dem mindestens einen Pol und dem mindestens einen Anschlusselement, entstehenden Lichtbogen zu löschen, muss ein möglichst großer Abstand zwischen dem Pol bzw. den Polen und dem zugehörigen Anschlusselement erzielt werden. Hierzu ist es bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Überspannungsschutzelement jedoch nicht erforderlich, dass dessen Abmessungen erhöht werden, da der gewünschte Abstand durch eine entsprechend weite Drehung des übersparmungsbegrenzenden Bauelements erreicht werden kann.In order to ensure a high insulation and creeping current resistance and a at the opening of the separation point, i. When disconnecting the connector between the at least one pole and the at least one connection element to extinguish arcing, the greatest possible distance between the pole or the poles and the associated connection element must be achieved. For this purpose, however, it is not necessary in the overvoltage protection element according to the invention that its dimensions are increased, since the desired spacing can be achieved by a correspondingly wide rotation of the overvoltage-limiting component.

Das erfindungsgemäße Überspannungsschutzelement ist vorteilhafterweise als "Schutzstecker" ausgebildet, so dass es zusammen mit einem korrespondierenden Geräteunterteil ein Überspannungsschutzgerät bildet. Vorteilhafterweise weist dabei das Geräteunterteil einen Fernmeldekontakt zur Fernmeldung des Zustands des Überspannungsschutzelements auf. Zur Betätigung eines zu dem Fernmeldekontakt gehörenden Schalters ist im Überspannungsschutzelement ein Auslösestift vorgesehen, der durch eine Öffnung in der Unterseite des Gehäuses herausragt. Der Auslösestift kann derart mit dem überspannungsbegrenzenden Bauelement verbunden sein, dass er beim Auftrennen des elektrischen Kontakts zwischen mindestens einem Pol des überspannungsbegrenzenden Bauelements und einem Anschlusselement mit dem überspannungsbegrenzenden Bauelement verschoben wird, wodurch der im Geräteunterteil angeordnete Fernmeldekontakt betätigt wird.The overvoltage protection element according to the invention is advantageously designed as a "protective plug" so that it forms an overvoltage protection device together with a corresponding device lower part. Advantageously, while the lower device part has a telecommunications contact for remote notification of the state of the overvoltage protection element. To actuate a belonging to the telecommunications contact switch is in the overvoltage protection element a release pin is provided which protrudes through an opening in the bottom of the housing. The release pin may be connected to the overvoltage limiting component such that it is displaced when disconnecting the electrical contact between at least one pole of the overvoltage limiting component and a connection element with the overvoltage limiting component, whereby the arranged in the device lower part telecommunications contact is actuated.

Im Einzelnen gibt es nun eine Vielzahl von Möglichkeiten, das erfindungsgemäße Überspannungsschutzelement auszugestalten und weiterzubilden. Dazu wird verwiesen sowohl auf die dem Patentanspruch 1 nachgeordneten Patentansprüche als auf die nachfolgende Beschreibung bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele in Verbindung mit der Zeichnung. In der Zeichnung zeigen

Fig. 1
eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels eine Überspannungsschutzelements, schräg von oben,
Fig. 2
ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Überspannungsschutzelements, im Normalzustand, mit abgenommenem Gehäusedeckel,
Fig. 3
das Überspannungsschutzelement gemäß Fig. 2, mit elektrisch abgetrenntem Varistor,
Fig. 4
ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Überspannungsschutzelements, im Normalzustand, mit abgenommenem Gehäusedeckel, und
Fig. 5
das Überspannungsschutzelement gemäß Fig. 4 mit elektrisch abgetrenntem Varistor.
In particular, there are a variety of ways to design and develop the overvoltage protection element according to the invention. Reference is made to both the claims subordinate to claim 1 and to the following description of preferred embodiments in conjunction with the drawings. In the drawing show
Fig. 1
1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of an overvoltage protection element, obliquely from above,
Fig. 2
An embodiment of an overvoltage protection element according to the invention, in the normal state, with the housing cover removed,
Fig. 3
the overvoltage protection element according to Fig. 2 , with electrically separated varistor,
Fig. 4
A second embodiment of an overvoltage protection element according to the invention, in the normal state, with removed housing cover, and
Fig. 5
the overvoltage protection element according to Fig. 4 with electrically separated varistor.

Die Figuren zeigen ein Überspannungsschutzelement 1 mit einem Gehäuse 2, wobei in dem Gehäuse 2 ein überspannungsbegrenzendes Bauelement 3 angeordnet ist. Bei den dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen ist das überspannungsbegrenzende Bauelement ein Varistor 3; alternativ dazu kann beispielsweise auch ein gasgefüllter Überspannungsabieiter als überspannungsbegrenzende Bauelement 3 verwendet werden. Das als Schutzstecker ausgebildete Überspannungsschutzelement 1 weist zwei als Steckerbuchsen ausgebildete Anschlusselemente 4, 5 auf, die auf korrespondierende Steckerstifte eines hier nicht dargestellten Geräteunterteils aufsteckbar sind.The figures show an overvoltage protection element 1 with a housing 2, wherein a surge-limiting component 3 is arranged in the housing 2. In the illustrated embodiments, the overvoltage limiting device is a varistor 3; Alternatively, for example, a gas-filled Überspannungsabieiter as surge limiting Component 3 can be used. Trained as a protective plug overvoltage protection element 1 has two connecting elements 4, 5 designed as sockets, which can be plugged onto corresponding connector pins of a device lower part, not shown here.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß den Fig. 2 und 3 sind die beiden Pole des Varistors 3 jeweils mit einer Anschlusslasche 6, 7 verbunden, wobei im Normalzustand des Überspannungsschutzelements 1 der Varistor 3 über die beiden Anschlusslaschen 6, 7 mit den beiden Anschlusselementen 4, 5 verbunden ist. Die Verbindung zwischen den beiden Anschlusslaschen 6, 7 und den beiden Anschlusselementen 4,5 folgt dabei jeweils über eine stoßstromtragfähige Steckverbindung 8, 9, wozu die den als Steckerstifte ausgebildeten Anschlusslaschen 6, 7 zugewandten Enden der Anschlusselemente 4, 5 als tulpenförmige Kontaktbuchsen 10, 11 ausgebildet sind.In the embodiment according to the FIGS. 2 and 3 the two poles of the varistor 3 are each connected to a connecting lug 6, 7, wherein in the normal state of the overvoltage protection element 1, the varistor 3 is connected via the two connecting lugs 6, 7 with the two connecting elements 4, 5. The connection between the two terminal lugs 6, 7 and the two connecting elements 4.5 follows in each case via a shock current carrying plug-in connection 8, 9, including the ends of the connecting elements 4, 5 which are designed as plug pins 6, 7 as tulip-shaped contact sockets 10, 11 are formed.

Neben dem drehbar im Gehäuse 2 angeordneten Varistor 3 und den beiden Anschlusselementen 4, 5 sind noch ein Federelement 12 und ein Rückhalteelement 13 im Gehäuse 2 angeordnet. Das Federelement 12 ist dabei derart zwischen dem Gehäuse 2 und dem Varistor 3 bzw. der Anschlusslasche 6 des Varistors 3 angeordnet, dass der Varistor 3 bei thermischer Überlastung durch das Federelement 12 so gedreht wird, dass die beiden Anschlusslaschen 6, 7 aus den Kontaktbuchsen 10, 11 gezogen werden, so dass die beiden Pole des Varistors 3 nicht mehr mit den zugeordneten Anschlusselementen 4, 5 in elektrisch leitendem Kontakt stehen; der Varistor 3 ist elektrisch abgetrennt.In addition to the rotatable in the housing 2 arranged varistor 3 and the two connection elements 4, 5, a spring element 12 and a retaining element 13 are still arranged in the housing 2. The spring element 12 is in this case arranged between the housing 2 and the varistor 3 or the connecting lug 6 of the varistor 3, that the varistor 3 is rotated by the spring element 12 in case of thermal overload, that the two connecting lugs 6, 7 from the contact bushings 10th 11, so that the two poles of the varistor 3 are no longer in electrically conductive contact with the associated connection elements 4, 5; the varistor 3 is electrically isolated.

Das Rückhalteelement 13 verhindert dabei, dass der Varistor 3 aufgrund der Federkraft des Federelements 12 bereits im Normalzustand des Überspannungsschutzelements 1 verdreht wird. Durch das Rückhalteelement 13 wird somit eine Drehung des Varistors 3 verhindert, solange der Varistor 3 nicht eine bestimmte Grenztemperatur überschritten hat. Aufgrund der Anordnung des Rückhalteelements 13 mit direktem Kontakt zum Varistor 3, führt eine Erwärmung des Varistors 3 auch zu einer Erwärmung des vorzugsweise aus Kunststoff bestehenden Rückhalteelements 13. Das Rückhalteelement 13 ist dabei so ausgebildet, dass es bei Erreichen der Grenztemperatur, die in der Regel zwischen ca. 110° C und 130° C liegt, schmilzt, so dass der Varistor 3 nicht mehr durch das Rückhalteelement 13 in seiner Position gehalten sondern aufgrund der Federkraft des Federelements 12 verdreht wird.The retaining element 13 prevents that the varistor 3 is already rotated in the normal state of the overvoltage protection element 1 due to the spring force of the spring element 12. By the retaining element 13 thus rotation of the varistor 3 is prevented, as long as the varistor 3 has not exceeded a certain limit temperature. Due to the arrangement of the retaining element 13 with direct contact with the varistor 3, a heating of the varistor 3 also leads to a heating of the preferably made of plastic retaining element 13. The retaining element 13 is designed so that it reaches the limit temperature, usually between about 110 ° C and 130 ° C, melts, so that the Varistor 3 is no longer held by the retaining element 13 in its position but due to the spring force of the spring element 12 is rotated.

Wie aus einem Vergleich der Fig. 2 und 3 ersichtlich ist, die das Überspannungsschutzelement 1 einmal im Normalzustand (Fig. 2) und einmal mit elektrisch abgetrenntem Varistor 3 (Fig. 3) zeigen, wird der Varistor 3 durch das Federelement 12 derart - in den dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen im Uhrzeigersinn - verdreht, dass die beiden Anschlusslaschen 6, 7 aus den Kontaktbuchsen 10, 11 herausgezogen werden, Im abgetrennten Zustand des Varistors 3 (Fig. 3), in dem die Zugfeder 12 entspannt ist, ist der Abstand zwischen den Anschlusslaschen 6, 7 und den zugehörigen Kontaktbuchsen 10, 11 dabei so groß, dass ein beim Trennen der Steckverbindung 8, 9 evtl, entstehender Lichtbogen unterbrochen wird.As if from a comparison of FIGS. 2 and 3 it can be seen that the overvoltage protection element 1 once in the normal state ( Fig. 2 ) and once with electrically separated varistor 3 ( Fig. 3 ), the varistor 3 is rotated by the spring element 12 in the clockwise direction in the illustrated exemplary embodiments in such a way that the two connection lugs 6, 7 are pulled out of the contact bushes 10, 11. In the separated state of the varistor 3 (FIG. Fig. 3 ), in which the tension spring 12 is relaxed, the distance between the terminal lugs 6, 7 and the associated contact sockets 10, 11 is so large that an eventual disconnection of the connector 8, 9 evtl, resulting arc is interrupted.

Bei dem in den Fig. 2 und 3 dargestellten ersten Ausführungsbcispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Überspannungsschutzelements 1, bei dem beide Pole des Varistors 3 jeweils mit einer Anschlusslasche 6, 7 elektrisch leitend verbunden sind, sind die beiden Anschlusslaschen 6, 7 beide am Außenumfang 14 des Varistors 3 angeordnet, wodurch sich dessen Herstellung, insbesondere der Umhüllungsprozess des Varistors 3 mit einer isolierenden Ummantelung vereinfacht. Darüber hinaus ist eine sehr flache Bauweise des Varistors 3 und damit des Überspannungsschutzelements 1 insgesamt erreichbar.In the in the FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrated first embodiment of the inventive overvoltage protection element 1, in which both poles of the varistor 3 are electrically connected to a terminal lug 6, 7, the two terminal lugs 6, 7 are both arranged on the outer periphery 14 of the varistor 3, whereby its production, in particular the Enveloping process of the varistor 3 with an insulating sheath simplified. In addition, a very flat construction of the varistor 3 and thus of the overvoltage protection element 1 is achievable overall.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel des Überspannungsschutzelements 1 gemäß den Fig. 4 und 5 ist nur ein Pol des Varistors 3 mit einer Anschlusslasche 6 elektrisch leitend verbunden, die im Normalzustand des Überspannungsschutzelements 1 (Fig. 4) über eine Steckverbindung 8 mit dem einen Anschlusselement 4 elektrisch leitend verbunden ist. Zwischen dem zweiten Pol des Varistors 3 und dem zweiten Anschlusselement 5 ist dagegen eine Drehverbindung 15 realisiert, wozu der zweite Pol des Varistors 3 mit einem Drehzapfen 16 und das zugehörige zweite Anschlusselement 5 mit einer korrespondierenden Drehlagerung 17 verbunden ist. Auch bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel wird im Normalzustand des Überspannungsschutzelements 1 eine ungewollte Drehung des Varistors 3 aufgrund der Federkraft des Federelements 12 durch ein Rückhalteelement 13 verhindert, das derart ausgebildet und im Gehäuse 2 befestigt ist, dass es eine Drehung des Varistors 3 solange verhindert, solange das Rückhalteelement 13 aufgrund einer Erwärmung des Varistors 3 noch nicht soweit erwärmt ist, dass es schmilzt.In the embodiment of the overvoltage protection element 1 according to the 4 and 5 If only one pole of the varistor 3 is electrically conductively connected to a connecting lug 6, which in the normal state of the overvoltage protection element 1 (FIG. Fig. 4 ) is electrically connected via a connector 8 with the one connection element 4. By contrast, a rotary joint 15 is realized between the second pole of the varistor 3 and the second connecting element 5, for which purpose the second pole of the varistor 3 is connected to a pivot pin 16 and the associated second connecting element 5 to a corresponding rotary bearing 17. Also in this embodiment, in the normal state of the overvoltage protection element 1, an unwanted rotation of the varistor 3 due to the spring force of the spring element 12 is prevented by a retaining element 13, which is designed and secured in the housing 2, so long as it prevents rotation of the varistor 3 the retaining element 13 is not yet heated to the extent that it melts due to heating of the varistor 3.

Bei dem Ausfühzungsbeispiel gemäß den Fig. 4 und 5 erfolgt die drehbare Lagerung des Varistors 3 im Gehäuse 2 zunächst durch die Lagerung des Drehzapfens 16 in der Drehlagerung 17. Darüber hinaus sind bei beiden Ausfuhrungsbeispielen mehrere Lagerrollen 18 derart im Gehäuse 2 angeordnet, dass der Varistor 3 mit geringem Reibwiderstand durch das Federelement 12 gedreht werden kann, wenn das Rückhalteelement 13 geschmolzen ist und somit nicht mehr der Federkraft des Federelements 12 entgegenwirkt.In the Ausfühzungsbeispiel according to the 4 and 5 In addition, in two exemplary embodiments, a plurality of bearing rollers 18 are arranged in the housing 2 such that the varistor 3 are rotated by the spring element 12 with low frictional resistance can, when the retaining element 13 is melted and thus no longer counteracts the spring force of the spring element 12.

Zur Anzeige des Zustandes des Varistors 3 bzw. des Überspannungsschutzelements 1 ist eine optische Zustandsanzeige 19 vorgesehen, die als Farbauftrag oder farbige Folie direkt auf dem Außenumfang 14 des Varistors 3 aufgebracht ist. In der Oberseite 20 des Gehäuses 2 ist dazu ein Sichtfenster 21 ausgebildet, durch das je nach Drehposition des Varistors 3 ein unterschiedlich farbiger Abschnitt der Zustandsanzeige 19 sichtbar ist. Vorzugsweise ist dabei der Abschnitt der Zustandsanzeige 19, der im Normalzustand des Überspannungsschutzelements 1 durch das Sichtfenster 21 sichtbar ist, grün, während der Abschnitt der Zustandsanzeige 19, der im abgetrennten Zustand des Varistors 3 durch das Sichtfenster 21 sichtbar ist, rot eingefärbt ist.To display the state of the varistor 3 and the overvoltage protection element 1, an optical state indicator 19 is provided, which is applied as a paint or colored film directly on the outer circumference 14 of the varistor 3. In the top 20 of the housing 2 to a viewing window 21 is formed, through which, depending on the rotational position of the varistor 3, a different colored portion of the status display 19 is visible. Preferably, the portion of the status display 19, which is visible in the normal state of the overvoltage protection element 1 through the viewing window 21, green, while the portion of the status display 19, which is visible in the separated state of the varistor 3 through the viewing window 21, colored red.

Insbesondere aus der Fig. 1 ist darüber hinaus noch erkennbar, dass das Gehäuse 2 zweiteilig ausgebildet ist, nämlich einen schalen- bzw, topfförmigen ersten Gehäuseteil 22 und einen als Deckel ausgebildeten zweiten Gehäuseteil 23 aufweist. In dem ersten Gehäuseteil 22 sind dabei der Varistor 3, die Anschlusselemente 4, 5, das Federelement 12, das Rückhalteelement 13 sowie die Lagerrollen 18 angeordnet, während das zweite Gehäuseteil 23 lediglich zum verschließen des Gehäuses 2 dient.In particular from the Fig. 1 In addition, it can still be seen that the housing 2 is formed in two parts, namely a cup-shaped, cup-shaped first housing part 22 and a lid formed as a second housing part 23 has. In the first housing part 22 while the varistor 3, the connecting elements 4, 5, the spring element 12, the retaining element 13 and the bearing rollers 18 are arranged, while the second housing part 23 serves only to close the housing 2.

Die Montage des erfindungsgemäßen Überspannungsschutzelements kann einfach dadurch erfolgen, dass zunächst die Lagerrollen 18 und der Varistor 3 sowie die Anschlusselemente 4, 5 in das erste Gehäuseteil 22 eingelegt werden, Dabei ist das Federelement 12 zunächst nur mit seinem einen Ende an der Anschlusslasche 6 des Varistors 3 befestigt, Danach wird der Varistor 3 derart in dem Gehäuse 2 gedreht, dass die Anschlusslasche 6 - bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 4 und 5 - bzw. die beiden Anschlusslaschen 6, 7 - bei dem Ausfüburungsbeispiel gemäß den Fig. 2 und 3 - zwischen die Kontaktbuchse 10 bzw, die Kontaktbuchsen 10 und 11 eingesteckt sind. Anschließend wird das Rückhalteelements 13 in eine dafür im Gehäuseteil 22 vorgesehene Aufnahme 24 eingesteckt, wodurch der Varistor 3 in seiner Position arretiert wird. Danach wird das Federelement 12 gespannt und an einem ebenfalls im Gehäuseteil 22 ausgebildeten Befestigungsstift 25 mit seinem zweiten Ende eingehängt. Als letztes wird der Deckel 23 mit dem Gehäuseteil 22 verbunden, wodurch das Gehäuse 2 verschlossen wird.The assembly of the overvoltage protection element according to the invention can be done simply by first the bearing rollers 18 and the varistor 3 and the connection elements 4, 5 are inserted into the first housing part 22, the spring element 12 is initially only with its one end to the terminal lug 6 of the varistor Thereafter, the varistor 3 is rotated in the housing 2 such that the terminal lug 6 - in the embodiment according to 4 and 5 - or the two terminal lugs 6, 7 - in the Ausfüburungsbeispiel according to the FIGS. 2 and 3 - Between the female contact 10 and the female contacts 10 and 11 are inserted. Subsequently, the retaining element 13 is inserted into a receptacle 24 provided for this purpose in the housing part 22, whereby the varistor 3 is locked in its position. Thereafter, the spring element 12 is stretched and mounted on a likewise formed in the housing part 22 fastening pin 25 with its second end. Finally, the lid 23 is connected to the housing part 22, whereby the housing 2 is closed.

Claims (12)

  1. Overvoltage protection element, comprising a housing (2), at least one overvoltage limiting component (3) located in the housing (2), in particular a varistor, and two connecting elements (4, 5) for electrical connection of the overvoltage protection element (1) to a current or signal path to be protected, at least one spring element (12) and a thermally separating connection, which separates when the temperature of the overvoltage limiting component (3) exceeds a given boundary temperature, wherein, in a normal state of the overvoltage protection element (1), each of the connecting elements (4, 5) is in electrically conductive contact with a respective pole of the overvoltage limiting component (3),
    characterized in
    that the overvoltage limiting component (3) is mounted in a pivotable manner in the housing (2),
    that, in the normal state of the overvoltage protection element (1) at least one pole of the overvoltage limiting component (3) is connected to the connecting element (4, 5) via a plug-and-socket connection (8, 9),
    that the at least one spring element (12) is located between the housing (2) and the overvoltage limiting component (3) such that, when the overvoltage limiting component (3) is thermally overloaded, the spring element is able to turn the overvoltage limiting component (3) in a manner causing at least one pole of the overvoltage limiting component (3) to be removed from electrically conductive contact with the respective connecting element (4, 5), and
    that the thermally separating connection is arranged between the overvoltage limiting component (3) and the housing (2).
  2. Overvoltage protection element according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one retaining element (13) is arranged in the housing (2) which, in the normal state of the overvoltage protection element (1), prevents turning of the overvoltage limiting component (3) as a result of spring force of the spring element (12), the retaining element (13) being made of a material which melts when the temperature of the overvoltage limiting component (3) exceeds a given boundary temperature.
  3. Overvoltage protection element according to claim 2, characterized in that the retaining element (13) is made of a plastic which melts at a temperature greater than 110° C to 130° C, in particular of polyethylene (PE), preferably of low density polyethylene (LDPE) or of high density polyethylene (HDPE), or of polycarbonate (PC).
  4. Overvoltage protection element according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that both poles of the overvoltage limiting component (3) are connected in an electrically conductive manner to a respective terminal lug (6, 7), and that, in the normal state of the overvoltage protection element (1), both poles of the overvoltage limiting component (3) are connected to a connecting element (4, 5) by way of a plug-and-socket connection (8, 9), wherein the terminal lugs (6, 7) are preferably designed as plugs and the connecting elements (4, 5) as corresponding sockets.
  5. Overvoltage protection element according to claim 4, characterized in that the overvoltage limiting component (3) is disk-shaped and both terminal lugs (6, 7) are arranged at positions of the overvoltage limiting component (3), in particular on its outer circumference (14), which are offset by about 90° relative to one another.
  6. Overvoltage protection element according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that one pole of the overvoltage limiting component (3) is connected in an electrically conductive manner to a terminal lug (6) which, in the normal state of the overvoltage protection clement (3), is connected by way of a plug-and-socket connection (8) to a first connecting element (4), and that a the other pole is connected by way of a rotary connection (15) to a second connecting element (5).
  7. Overvoltage protection element according to claim 6, characterized in that the second pole of the overvoltage limiting component (3) is connected to a pivot (16) and the respective second connecting element (5) is connected to a corresponding rotary support (17).
  8. Overvoltage protection element according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a plurality of roller bearings (18) are provided in the housing (2).
  9. Overvoltage protection element according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a visual state-indicating element (19) is provided and a viewing window (21) is provided in the top (20) of the housing (2).
  10. Overvoltage protection element according to claim 9, characterized in that the state-indicating element (19) is a color or colored film located on the overvoltage limiting component (3), in particular on its outer circumference (14).
  11. Overvoltage protection element according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that a spring-loaded tripping pin is provided for actuating a telecommunications contact which projects through an opening in the bottom of the housing (2).
  12. Overvoltage protection element according to any one of claims 2 to 11, characterized in that the housing (2) is made in two parts, wherein one housing part (22) accommodates the overvoltage limiting component (3), the connecting elements (4, 5), the spring element (12) and the retaining element (13), and the other housing part is a designed as a cover.
EP10006445.0A 2009-06-25 2010-06-22 Electrical surge protection element Not-in-force EP2267850B1 (en)

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EP (1) EP2267850B1 (en)
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DE102009022069B4 (en) * 2009-01-12 2016-10-20 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Surge arresters
FR2958789B1 (en) * 2010-04-09 2012-05-11 Abb France DEVICE FOR PROTECTION AGAINST TRANSIENT OVERVOLTAGES WITH IMPROVED THERMAL DISCONNECTOR
CZ304868B6 (en) * 2011-04-01 2014-12-17 Saltek S.R.O. Surge voltage protector with exchangeable overvoltage protection module
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DE102017124224B4 (en) * 2017-10-18 2023-03-02 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg surge protection device
CN110492463B (en) * 2019-09-29 2024-11-08 厦门赛尔特电子股份有限公司 Surge protection device with high breaking capacity

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US8482896B2 (en) 2013-07-09
US20100328829A1 (en) 2010-12-30
EP2267850A2 (en) 2010-12-29
CN101938110B (en) 2015-04-01
CN101938110A (en) 2011-01-05
EP2267850A3 (en) 2013-05-15

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