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EP2266768A1 - Plant grinder for the production of calibrated wood plates or particles - Google Patents

Plant grinder for the production of calibrated wood plates or particles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2266768A1
EP2266768A1 EP10166845A EP10166845A EP2266768A1 EP 2266768 A1 EP2266768 A1 EP 2266768A1 EP 10166845 A EP10166845 A EP 10166845A EP 10166845 A EP10166845 A EP 10166845A EP 2266768 A1 EP2266768 A1 EP 2266768A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wall
particles
disk
knives
disc
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10166845A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2266768B1 (en
Inventor
Michel Bugnot
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to PL10166845T priority Critical patent/PL2266768T3/en
Publication of EP2266768A1 publication Critical patent/EP2266768A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2266768B1 publication Critical patent/EP2266768B1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
    • B27L11/00—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor
    • B27L11/005—Tools therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
    • B27L11/00—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor
    • B27L11/02—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor of wood shavings or the like

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for reducing branches of chips, chips or particles whose dimensional qualities are acceptable for fuel use (domestic or industrial boilers).
  • the particles from these machines are of variable size, especially with regard to disk machines.
  • the fixed grid, the second knife and the segment rotating wall with the disc constitute the means of calibration of particles from the action of the first knives. Indeed, by the play of the centrifugal forces, the particles detached by the first knives are lodged in the meshes of the grid to abut against the segment and be resized at the passage of the peripheral knife.
  • the disc has a rear flank to which is fixed the wall segment and a front flank which forms the support of the material to be treated and from which the first knives protrude towards the inlet opening of the housing and in front of the first knives in the direction of rotation of the disk, the front blank being indented from a pocket for collecting formed particles whose peripheral opening faces the aforesaid wall segment.
  • This disk structure can channel the trajectory of most of the chips or particles that have just been detached in the direction of the wall segment, so to constrain the crossing of the gate in front of this segment.
  • the latter has a cylindrical wall of belt, indented at the opening of the pocket, whose radius is less than the radius of action of the second knife, and whose axial dimension is substantially equal to the distance separating the two blanks of the disk increased by the projection of the first knives on the front blank.
  • the mill of the invention shown in the figures therefore comprises a casing 1, which comprises, by a front wall, a rear or bottom wall 3 and a substantially cylindrical side or peripheral wall 4.
  • the front wall is provided with an opening 5 comprising here a fixed blade or counter blade 6a substantially horizontal and a fixed blade or against blade 6b substantially vertical.
  • the front wall 2 is in two parts: a lower part 2a and an upper part 2b, each shaped like a door articulated around a hinge 7.
  • the window 5 is reduced to a cutout 8 of the door 2b with the against blades 6a and 6b carried respectively by the parts 2a and 2b of the front wall.
  • this opening is introduced the end of the branch to reduce chips.
  • This introduction is carried out by means of a charging hopper 8 which is in the motorized case in a known manner. Under the cutting force, this branch tends to stall in the angle formed by the two against blades.
  • the bottom wall 3 of the housing is traversed by a shaft drive shaft 9 and a bearing is provided for this purpose.
  • the side wall 4 of the housing has an outlet opening 10 located in such a way that the conduit 11 which extends it forms a tube which escapes from the housing tangentially to the wall 4 of the latter.
  • a disc 12 is rotatably mounted in the direction of the arrow A of the figures, wedged on the axis shaft 9. The diameter of this disc is smaller than that inside the lateral wall 4 of the carter for the reasons that will be explained below.
  • the disc 12 comprises a rear flank 13, a front blank 14, of smaller diameter than the rear flank, the two blanks being connected by a peripheral belt 15 indented in two places 16 and 17.
  • the width of this belt 15 is such that it is overflowing on the front face of the blank 14.
  • the front blank has two cutouts 18a and 18b which leave the rear blank uncovered.
  • the latter carries knives 19, by means of a base 19a fixed by any suitable means between the two blanks of the disk which forms the support of several plates cutting 19b, reported on this base by screws front access.
  • the cutting inserts extend along a substantially spiral curve from the vicinity of the center of the blank 14 of the disc to the periphery thereof.
  • the plane swept by these pads, in front of the front face the blank 14 of a value substantially equal to the projecting thickness of the cutting inserts 19b and the edge of the belt 15 relative to this face, is immediately behind the plane which contains the rear edge of the against blades 6a, 6b.
  • the wood introduced into the opening 5 is nibbled (shredded) at each passage of a line of cutting inserts 19b.
  • the plates 19b will be arranged so that the surface swept by the cutting edge of one of them overlapping with the surface swept by the cutting edge of the wafer or neighboring wafers.
  • the circle on which the innermost end of a cutting edge travels is of smaller radius than the circle traversed by the outermost end of the cutting edge of the plate which is adjacent thereto. side of the center of the disc.
  • the disk 12 thus has, in the case illustrated by the attached figures, two lines of cutting inserts 19b.
  • the base 19a has another knife 20, also in the form of inserts plate, whose attachment to the base is made by radial access screws.
  • the surface swept by the cutting edge of these plates 20 is of intermediate diameter between the diameter of the rear blank 13 and the diameter of the front blank 14. In addition, this diameter is greater than that of the belt 15.
  • the axial dimension of this knife 20 is substantially equal to the distance separating the two blanks 13, 14 of the disk, increased by the projection of the first knives 19 on the front blank, and therefore is equal to the width of the belt 15.
  • each plate relative to the front face of the front blank 14 defines the axial dimension (in the direction of the axis 9) of a chipping chamber (nibbling) of the product introduced into the device.
  • the cutouts 18a and 18b are therefore equipped with knives 19 on their rear edge.
  • the outline of these cuts is connected by the support of the knives and by appropriate partitions to the blank 13 of the disk, so that in the thickness of the disk, it is formed pockets for collecting chips or particles from the cut by the Knives 19. The centrifugal force tends to propel these particles towards the notches 16 and 17 of the belt wall 15
  • the shredding chamber which also comprises these two pockets, is delimited at the periphery, inside the cylindrical wall 4, by a grid 21 integral with the inner face of the front wall of the casing 2a 2b.
  • This grid is, because of this construction of the front wall 2 in two portions: a portion 21a integral with the door panel 2a on its inner face and a portion 21b carried internally by the pivoting panel 2b of the wall 2. It can be seen that this grid 21a, 21b is continuous (21) when the door is closed and is adjacent to the envelope of the volume swept by the knife 20 during the rotation of the disc 12.
  • the rear flank 13 of the disk 12 carries at the periphery two segments 22a, 22b, of cylindrical wall, facing the peripheral outlet of the pockets, which has an angle at the center inside which the corresponding pocket is located. These segments, which rotate with the disc, extend between the grid 21 and the cylindrical wall 4 of the housing.
  • the distance between the knife 20 and the corresponding wall segment determines the length of the chip housed in a cell or mesh of the grid, therefore the size of a particle size, that is to say its length, which dimension is the most critical because it is the most variable out of the knives, especially at each end of treated branch, when this branch is not more maintained at the entrance to the chipping chamber.
  • the thickness e of the grid ( figure 1 ) corresponds practically to the aforesaid distance, and therefore to the desired dimension of the particles passing through it.
  • the particle is held in a radial position against the wall segment and the knife 20 can reduce its size if it is too large.
  • the particle is not likely to be placed at an angle and to cross the grid without being re-cut.
  • the dimension E of the grid, taken in the direction of the axis 9 is substantially equal to the width of the belt 15 so that there can not be too much space between this grid and the blank 13 disc in which could pass unordered wood particles.
  • Each wall segment 22a, 22b is equipped on its front edge with a shield blade 23 which scans the annular volume between the outer periphery of the grid 21a, 21b and the cylindrical wall 4 of the housing.
  • This blade 23 has a slope that tends to repel the particles that have passed through the grid on the side of the rear face of the blank 13 in a blower space 24, defined by the rear face of the blank 13, the bottom wall 3 and the wall 4 of the casing 1 which, in known manner, is equipped with ventilation blades 25 belonging to the blank 13.
  • the wood introduced through the window 5 is reduced to particles by the tools 19b in the shredding chamber.
  • Their path is controlled by the grid 21a and 21b so that they can be calibrated effectively upstream of their pneumatic extraction.
  • the grid 21a and 21b is removably attached to the housing 2 so that the user can remove it. He then has an ordinary mill that he can use for the sole purpose of a reduction of a plant material without calibration constraints. The mill of the invention can thus be used more cost-effectively.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Debarking, Splitting, And Disintegration Of Timber (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
  • Grinding-Machine Dressing And Accessory Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The grinder has a side partition in the form of grids (21a, 21b) whose mesh defines a section of particles, where thickness (e) of the mesh is close to desired length of the particles. Each grid is remote from a cylindrical side wall (4) of a casing for delimiting an annular space outside a disk (12) that emerges into a blower chamber. The disk carries a segment i.e. lower part (2a) and upper part (2b), of a front wall in an angle, and cutters (19, 20) are arranged at center of the angle. The segment covers one of the grids between each grid and the side wall.

Description

La présente invention concerne un appareil pour réduire des branches en copeaux, plaquettes ou particules dont les qualités dimensionnelles sont acceptables pour un usage de combustible (chaudières domestiques ou industrielles).The present invention relates to an apparatus for reducing branches of chips, chips or particles whose dimensional qualities are acceptable for fuel use (domestic or industrial boilers).

ARRIERE PLAN DE L'INVENTIONBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

L'état de la technique dans ce domaine est constitué par deux types de matériels :

  • les appareils à tambour destinés à la découpe ou au déchiquetage des branches de diamètre important, typiquement supérieur à 350 millimètres, (voir WO 9413442 par exemple)
  • les appareils à disque pour traiter les branches de diamètre plus petit.
The state of the art in this field consists of two types of equipment:
  • drum machines intended for cutting or shredding branches of large diameter, typically greater than 350 millimeters, (see WO 9413442 for example)
  • disc machines to treat branches of smaller diameter.

Les particules issues de ces machines sont de taille variable, surtout pour ce qui concerne les machines à disque.The particles from these machines are of variable size, especially with regard to disk machines.

En effet, dans ce dernier cas, les particules détachées de la branche traversent le disque et sont propulsées dans une goulotte de décharge par un ventilateur qui est principalement constitué par des ailettes solidaires de la face arrière du disque. Il n'est donc pas rare que les terminaisons des branchages traversent ainsi le disque sans avoir été coupées malgré une longueur bien supérieure à la plus grande dimension d'un copeau. Ces particules trop longues ne sont pas adaptées à la destination, à titre de combustible, du bois ainsi traité et conduisent à la disqualification de la production pour cette application.Indeed, in the latter case, the detached particles of the branch through the disk and are propelled into a discharge chute by a fan which is mainly constituted by fins integral with the rear face of the disk. It is therefore not uncommon for the endings of the branches thus cross the disc without having been cut despite a length much greater than the largest dimension of a chip. These too long particles are not adapted to the destination, as fuel, wood treated and lead to the disqualification of production for this application.

On a tenté de remédier à ce problème en modifiant les appareils à disque pour adjoindre au ventilateur un tamis qui retient les particules les plus longues dans la chambre de propulsion où les ailettes de soufflage sont conformée en ou jouent le rôle de couteaux secondaires. Cette technique est représentée dans le document DE 20 2007002423U . On a constaté à l'usage une amélioration dans l'homogénéité des dimensions des particules en sortie de machine mais au prix d'une diminution importante de la puissance d'éjection de ces particules, le tamis étant très rapidement obstrué et constituant une perte de charge considérable à l'écoulement de l'air chargé de copeaux.An attempt has been made to remedy this problem by modifying the disk apparatus to add to the fan a sieve which retains the longest particles in the propulsion chamber where the blast fins are shaped into or act as secondary knives. This technique is represented in the document DE 20 2007002423U . It has been found in use an improvement in the homogeneity of the dimensions of the particles at the output of the machine but at the cost of a significant decrease in the ejection power of these particles, the sieve being very quickly clogged and constituting a loss of considerable load to the flow of the air laden with chips.

On mentionnera en fin le document FR 2 920 690 qui décrit un appareil dans le carter duquel une chambre de déchiquetage est limitée par la paroi avant du carter, par un disque plein logé dans le carter et porteur d'outils en relief sur sa face tournée vers la paroi frontale de manière que ces outils croisent la lame fixe lors de la rotation du disque dans le carter et par une paroi latérale fixe formant frôlée par les outils lors de la rotation du disque et perforée sur au moins une portion de sa périphérie et située à distance de la paroi latérale du carter pour définir entre elles une chambre de calibrage des particules et une chambre de soufflerie contenant des ailettes de propulsion des particules solidaires de l'autre face du disque à la périphérie de laquelle débouche la chambre de calibrage.We will mention at the end the document FR 2 920 690 which describes an apparatus in the housing of which a chipping chamber is limited by the front wall of the housing, by a solid disk housed in the housing and bearing tools embossed on its face facing the front wall so that these tools cross the fixed blade during the rotation of the disk in the housing and a fixed side wall forming a brush against the tools during the rotation of the disk and perforated on at least a portion of its periphery and located at a distance from the side wall of the housing for define between them a particle calibration chamber and a blower chamber containing propulsion fins particles integral with the other side of the disk on the periphery of which opens the calibration chamber.

On s'est rendu compte à l'usage que la qualité finale du produit n'est pas conforme aux exigences de calibration car il subsiste encore des particules de bois trop longues,qui ont pu s'introduire en biais dans la grille de calibrage au point d'atteindre deux à trois fois la dimension exigée.It has been realized in practice that the final quality of the product does not comply with the calibration requirements because there are still too long wood particles, which could be introduced at an angle into the calibration grid at to reach two to three times the required size.

Par la présente invention, on est parvenu à éliminer ce défaut résiduel de l'état de la technique si bien que la totalité du produit reste dans un calibre acceptable.By the present invention, it has been possible to eliminate this residual defect of the state of the art so that all of the product remains in an acceptable size.

OBJET DE L'INVENTIONOBJECT OF THE INVENTION

L'invention a donc pour objet un broyeur de végétaux pour la production de plaquettes ou particules de bois calibrées, comportant :

  • un carter fermé par une paroi frontale, une paroi de fond et une paroi latérale sensiblement cylindrique, avec, dans la paroi frontale une ouverture d'entrée du bois à traiter bordée d'au moins une lame fixe, et dans la paroi latérale, une ouverture de sortie des plaquettes ou particules,
  • un disque plein logé à rotation dans le carter autour d'un axe sensiblement perpendiculaire aux parois frontale et de fond du carter, divisant l'espace intérieur de ce dernier en une chambre de déchiquetage du côté de la paroi frontale et une chambre de soufflerie du côté de la paroi de fond,
  • au moins une série de couteaux comprenant des premiers couteaux en relief sur la face du disque tournée vers la paroi frontale de manière que ces couteaux croisent la lame fixe lors de la rotation du disque et un deuxième couteau de reprise fixé au voisinage de la périphérie du disque pour balayer une surface cylindrique centrée sur l'axe de rotation du disque,
  • une cloison latérale formant enveloppe du volume balayé par les couteaux lors de la rotation du disque et perforée sur au moins une portion de sa périphérie,
    caractérisé en ce que cette cloison latérale est en forme de grille dont la maille définit la section des particules et dont l'épaisseur est voisine de la longueur désirée des particules, cette grille entourant la surface balayée par le deuxième couteau et étant distante de la paroi latérale du carter pour délimiter un espace annulaire débouchant dans la chambre de soufflerie, à l'extérieur du disque et en ce que le disque comporte au moins un segment de paroi périphérique dans l'angle au centre duquel les couteaux d'une série sont contenus et qui coiffe la grille entre cette dernière et la paroi latérale du carter.
The subject of the invention is therefore a plant crusher for the production of calibrated wood chips or particles, comprising:
  • a casing closed by a front wall, a bottom wall and a substantially cylindrical side wall, with, in the front wall, an entrance opening for the wood to be treated lined with at least one fixed blade, and in the side wall, a exit opening of platelets or particles,
  • a solid disc rotatably housed in the housing about an axis substantially perpendicular to the front and bottom walls of the housing, dividing the interior space of the latter into a shredding chamber on the side of the front wall and a blower chamber of the side of the bottom wall,
  • at least one series of knives comprising first knives in relief on the face of the disk facing the front wall so that these knives cross the fixed blade during the rotation of the disk and a second knife recovery fixed in the vicinity of the periphery of the disk for scanning a cylindrical surface centered on the axis of rotation of the disk,
  • a side wall forming an envelope of the volume swept by the knives during the rotation of the disk and perforated on at least a portion of its periphery,
    characterized in that said lateral partition is in the form of a grid whose mesh defines the section of the particles and whose thickness is close to the desired length of the particles, this grid surrounding the surface swept by the second knife and being distant from the wall lateral section of the housing for defining an annular space opening into the blower chamber, outside the disc and in that the disc comprises at least one peripheral wall segment in the angle at the center of which the knives of a series are contained and which cap the grid between the latter and the side wall of the housing.

La grille fixe, le deuxième couteau et le segment de paroi tournant avec le disque, constituent les moyens de calibrage des particules issues de l'action des premiers couteaux. En effet, par le jeu des forces centrifuges, les particules détachées par les premiers couteaux se logent dans les mailles de la grille pour buter contre le segment et être retaillées au passage du couteau périphérique.The fixed grid, the second knife and the segment rotating wall with the disc, constitute the means of calibration of particles from the action of the first knives. Indeed, by the play of the centrifugal forces, the particles detached by the first knives are lodged in the meshes of the grid to abut against the segment and be resized at the passage of the peripheral knife.

L'accomplissement de cette fonction est amélioré par des caractéristiques additionnelles du broyeur selon l'invention qui tiennent à la constitution du disque lui-même.The accomplishment of this function is improved by additional features of the mill according to the invention which are due to the constitution of the disc itself.

C'est ainsi que le disque possède un flan arrière auquel est fixé le segment de paroi et un flan avant qui forme l'appui du matériau à traiter et duquel les premiers couteaux font saillie en direction de l'ouverture d'entrée du carter et en avant des premiers couteaux dans le sens de rotation du disque, le flan avant étant échancré d'une poche de recueil des particules formées dont l'ouverture périphérique fait face au segment de paroi susdit. Cette structure du disque permet de canaliser la trajectoire de l'essentiel des copeaux ou particules qui viennent d'être détachée dans la direction du segment de paroi, donc de contraindre la traversée de la grille en face de ce segment.Thus, the disc has a rear flank to which is fixed the wall segment and a front flank which forms the support of the material to be treated and from which the first knives protrude towards the inlet opening of the housing and in front of the first knives in the direction of rotation of the disk, the front blank being indented from a pocket for collecting formed particles whose peripheral opening faces the aforesaid wall segment. This disk structure can channel the trajectory of most of the chips or particles that have just been detached in the direction of the wall segment, so to constrain the crossing of the gate in front of this segment.

Entre le flan arrière et le flan avant du disque, ce dernier comporte une paroi cylindrique de ceinture, échancrée au niveau de l'ouverture de la poche, dont le rayon est inférieur au rayon d'action du deuxième couteau, et dont la dimension axiale est sensiblement égale à la distance séparant les deux flans du disque augmentée de la saillie des premiers couteaux sur le flan avant. Cette particularité permet également d'empêcher les particules d'atteindre la grille de calibrage dans une zone autre que celle couverte par le segment.Between the rear flank and the front flank of the disc, the latter has a cylindrical wall of belt, indented at the opening of the pocket, whose radius is less than the radius of action of the second knife, and whose axial dimension is substantially equal to the distance separating the two blanks of the disk increased by the projection of the first knives on the front blank. This feature also makes it possible to prevent the particles from reaching the calibration grid in a zone other than that covered by the segment.

On citera également la présence d'une lame bouclier située au niveau du bord avant du segment de paroi, dans le sens de rotation du disque. Celle-ci permet d'éjecter les particules ayant traversé la grille en direction de la chambre de soufflerie d'où elles sont évacuées par les ailettes du disque prévues de manière connue à cet effet.There is also the presence of a shield blade located at the front edge of the wall segment, in the direction of rotation of the disk. This makes it possible to eject the particles which have passed through the gate in the direction of the blower chamber from which they are evacuated by the fins of the disc provided in a manner known for this purpose.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront de la description donnée ci-après d'un exemple de réalisation d'un appareil selon l'invention.Other features and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description given below of an exemplary embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention.

BREVE DESCRIPTION DES DESSINSBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Il sera fait référence aux dessins annexés parmi lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue extérieure du côté frontal de l'appareil selon l'invention dont le panneau de façade frontale est ouvert,
  • la figure 2 est une vue en perspective de l'ensemble tournant (disque, couteaux, ailettes) du côté des couteaux,
  • la figure 3 est une vue de côté du broyeur de l'invention dans laquelle la paroi latérale du carter a été retirée.
Reference will be made to the appended drawings among which:
  • the figure 1 is an external view of the front side of the apparatus according to the invention, the front facade panel is open,
  • the figure 2 is a perspective view of the rotating assembly (disc, knives, fins) on the knife side,
  • the figure 3 is a side view of the mill of the invention in which the side wall of the housing has been removed.

DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE DE L'INVENTIONDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Le broyeur de l'invention représenté aux figures comporte donc un carter 1, qui comporte par une paroi frontale, une paroi arrière ou de fond 3 et une paroi latérale ou périphérique 4 sensiblement cylindrique. La paroi frontale est pourvue d'une ouverture 5 comportant ici une lame fixe ou contre lame 6a sensiblement horizontale et une lame fixe ou contre lame 6b sensiblement verticale. Plus précisément, il faut noter que dans le mode de réalisation représenté, la paroi frontale 2 est en deux parties : une partie inférieure 2a et une partie supérieure 2b, chacune conformée comme une porte articulée autour d'une charnière 7. La fenêtre 5 se réduit à une découpe 8 de la porte 2b avec les contre lames 6a et 6b portées respectivement par les parties 2a et 2b de la paroi frontale.The mill of the invention shown in the figures therefore comprises a casing 1, which comprises, by a front wall, a rear or bottom wall 3 and a substantially cylindrical side or peripheral wall 4. The front wall is provided with an opening 5 comprising here a fixed blade or counter blade 6a substantially horizontal and a fixed blade or against blade 6b substantially vertical. More specifically, it should be noted that in the embodiment shown, the front wall 2 is in two parts: a lower part 2a and an upper part 2b, each shaped like a door articulated around a hinge 7. The window 5 is reduced to a cutout 8 of the door 2b with the against blades 6a and 6b carried respectively by the parts 2a and 2b of the front wall.

Par cette ouverture on introduit l'extrémité de la branche à réduire en copeaux. Cette introduction est réalisée par l'intermédiaire d'une trémie d'enfournement 8 qui est dans le cas de figure motorisée de manière connue. Sous l'effort de coupe, cette branche a tendance à se caler dans l'angle que forment les deux contre lames. La paroi de fond 3 du carter est traversée par un arbre d'entraînement d'axe 9 et un palier est prévu à cet effet.Through this opening is introduced the end of the branch to reduce chips. This introduction is carried out by means of a charging hopper 8 which is in the motorized case in a known manner. Under the cutting force, this branch tends to stall in the angle formed by the two against blades. The bottom wall 3 of the housing is traversed by a shaft drive shaft 9 and a bearing is provided for this purpose.

La paroi latérale 4 du carter possède une ouverture de sortie 10 située de manière telle que le conduit 11 qui la prolonge forme un tube qui s'échappe du carter tangentiellement à la paroi 4 de ce dernier. A l'intérieur de ce carter, un disque 12 est monté tournant dans le sens de la flèche A des figures, calé sur l'arbre d'axe 9. Le diamètre de ce disque est inférieur à celui intérieur de la paroi 4 latérale du carter pour les raisons qui seront exposées ci-après.The side wall 4 of the housing has an outlet opening 10 located in such a way that the conduit 11 which extends it forms a tube which escapes from the housing tangentially to the wall 4 of the latter. Inside this casing, a disc 12 is rotatably mounted in the direction of the arrow A of the figures, wedged on the axis shaft 9. The diameter of this disc is smaller than that inside the lateral wall 4 of the carter for the reasons that will be explained below.

Le disque 12 comporte un flan arrière 13, un flan avant 14, de diamètre inférieur à celui du flan arrière, les deux flans étant reliés par une ceinture périphérique 15 échancrée en deux endroits 16 et 17. La largeur de cette ceinture 15 est telle qu'elle est en débord sur la face avant du flan 14.The disc 12 comprises a rear flank 13, a front blank 14, of smaller diameter than the rear flank, the two blanks being connected by a peripheral belt 15 indented in two places 16 and 17. The width of this belt 15 is such that it is overflowing on the front face of the blank 14.

Le flan avant possède deux découpes 18a et 18b qui laissent découvert le flan arrière. Au bord arrière de chacune d'elles, dans le sens A de rotation du disque, ce dernier porte des couteaux 19, au moyen d'un socle 19a fixé par tout moyen approprié entre les deux flans du disque qui forme le support de plusieurs plaquettes de coupe 19b, rapportées sur ce socle par des vis à accès frontal. Les plaquettes de coupe s'étendent le long d'une courbe sensiblement en spirale depuis le voisinage du centre du flan 14 du disque jusqu'à la périphérie de ce dernier. Le plan balayé par ces plaquettes, en avant de la face avant du flan 14 d'une valeur sensiblement égale à l'épaisseur en saillie des plaquettes de coupe 19b et du débord de la ceinture 15 par rapport à cette face, est immédiatement derrière le plan qui contient le bord arrière des contre lames 6a, 6b. On comprend que le bois introduit dans l'ouverture 5 (fenêtre) est grignoté (déchiqueté) à chaque passage d'une ligne de plaquettes de coupe 19b. Afin que la totalité de la section du bois à traiter (la totalité de la surface de la fenêtre 5) soit balayée par les couteaux, on aura disposé les plaquettes 19b de sorte que la surface balayée par l'arrête de coupe de l'une d'elles soit en chevauchement avec la surface balayée par l'arrête de coupe de la plaquette ou des plaquettes voisines. En d'autres termes le cercle sur lequel circule l'extrémité la plus intérieure d'une arrête de coupe est de rayon inférieur au cercle parcouru par l'extrémité la plus extérieure de l'arrête de coupe de la plaquette qui lui est adjacente du côté du centre du disque. Le disque 12 possède donc, dans le cas illustré par les figures jointes, deux lignes de plaquettes de coupe 19b. A l'extrémité de chacune de ces lignes, le socle 19a possède un autre couteau 20, également en forme de plaquette rapportée, dont la fixation sur le socle est réalisée par des vis d'accès radial. La surface balayée par l'arrête de coupe de ces plaquettes 20 est de diamètre intermédiaire entre le diamètre du flan arrière 13 et le diamètre du flan avant 14. En outre, ce diamètre est supérieur à celui de la ceinture 15. La dimension axiale de ce couteau 20 est sensiblement égale à la distance séparant les deux flans 13, 14 du disque, augmentée de la saillie des premiers couteaux 19 sur le flan avant, donc est égale à la largeur de la ceinture 15.The front blank has two cutouts 18a and 18b which leave the rear blank uncovered. At the rear edge of each of them, in the direction A of rotation of the disc, the latter carries knives 19, by means of a base 19a fixed by any suitable means between the two blanks of the disk which forms the support of several plates cutting 19b, reported on this base by screws front access. The cutting inserts extend along a substantially spiral curve from the vicinity of the center of the blank 14 of the disc to the periphery thereof. The plane swept by these pads, in front of the front face the blank 14 of a value substantially equal to the projecting thickness of the cutting inserts 19b and the edge of the belt 15 relative to this face, is immediately behind the plane which contains the rear edge of the against blades 6a, 6b. It is understood that the wood introduced into the opening 5 (window) is nibbled (shredded) at each passage of a line of cutting inserts 19b. In order that the entire section of the wood to be treated (the entire surface of the window 5) is swept by the knives, the plates 19b will be arranged so that the surface swept by the cutting edge of one of them overlapping with the surface swept by the cutting edge of the wafer or neighboring wafers. In other words, the circle on which the innermost end of a cutting edge travels is of smaller radius than the circle traversed by the outermost end of the cutting edge of the plate which is adjacent thereto. side of the center of the disc. The disk 12 thus has, in the case illustrated by the attached figures, two lines of cutting inserts 19b. At the end of each of these lines, the base 19a has another knife 20, also in the form of inserts plate, whose attachment to the base is made by radial access screws. The surface swept by the cutting edge of these plates 20 is of intermediate diameter between the diameter of the rear blank 13 and the diameter of the front blank 14. In addition, this diameter is greater than that of the belt 15. The axial dimension of this knife 20 is substantially equal to the distance separating the two blanks 13, 14 of the disk, increased by the projection of the first knives 19 on the front blank, and therefore is equal to the width of the belt 15.

La saillie de chaque plaquette par rapport à la face avant du flan avant 14, définit la dimension axiale (dans la direction de l'axe 9) d'une chambre de déchiquetage (grignotage) du produit introduit dans l'appareil.The projection of each plate relative to the front face of the front blank 14 defines the axial dimension (in the direction of the axis 9) of a chipping chamber (nibbling) of the product introduced into the device.

Les découpes 18a et 18b sont donc équipées des couteaux 19 sur leur bord arrière. Le contour de ces découpes est relié par le support des couteaux et par des cloisons appropriées au flan 13 du disque, si bien que dans l'épaisseur du disque, il est formé des poches de recueil des copeaux ou particules issus de la coupe par les couteaux 19. La force centrifuge tend à propulser ces particules en direction des échancrures 16 et 17 de la paroi ceinture 15The cutouts 18a and 18b are therefore equipped with knives 19 on their rear edge. The outline of these cuts is connected by the support of the knives and by appropriate partitions to the blank 13 of the disk, so that in the thickness of the disk, it is formed pockets for collecting chips or particles from the cut by the Knives 19. The centrifugal force tends to propel these particles towards the notches 16 and 17 of the belt wall 15

La chambre de déchiquetage, qui comprend aussi ces deux poches, est délimitée en périphérie, à l'intérieur de la paroi 4 cylindrique, par une grille 21 solidaire de face intérieure de la paroi frontale du carter 2a 2b.The shredding chamber, which also comprises these two pockets, is delimited at the periphery, inside the cylindrical wall 4, by a grid 21 integral with the inner face of the front wall of the casing 2a 2b.

Cette grille est, du fait de cette construction de la paroi frontale 2 en deux portions : une portion 21a solidaire du panneau de porte 2a sur sa face intérieure et une portion 21b portée intérieurement par le panneau pivotant 2b de la paroi 2. On constate que cette grille 21a, 21b, est continue (21) lorsque la porte est fermée et est adjacente à l'enveloppe du volume balayé par le couteau 20 lors de la rotation du disque 12.This grid is, because of this construction of the front wall 2 in two portions: a portion 21a integral with the door panel 2a on its inner face and a portion 21b carried internally by the pivoting panel 2b of the wall 2. It can be seen that this grid 21a, 21b is continuous (21) when the door is closed and is adjacent to the envelope of the volume swept by the knife 20 during the rotation of the disc 12.

Le flan arrière 13 du disque 12 porte en périphérie deux segments 22a, 22b, de paroi cylindrique, en face du débouché périphérique des poches, qui possède un angle au centre à l'intérieur duquel est située la poche correspondante. Ces segments, qui tournent avec le disque, s'étendent entre la grille 21 et la paroi cylindrique 4 du carter. La distance qui sépare le couteau 20 du segment de paroi correspondant détermine la longueur du copeau logé dans une cellule ou une maille de la grille donc le calibre d'une dimension des particules, c'est-à-dire sa longueur, dimension qui est la plus critique car elle est la plus variable au sortir des couteaux, notamment à chaque extrémité de branche traitée, quand cette branche n'et plus maintenue à l'entrée de la chambre de déchiquetage.The rear flank 13 of the disk 12 carries at the periphery two segments 22a, 22b, of cylindrical wall, facing the peripheral outlet of the pockets, which has an angle at the center inside which the corresponding pocket is located. These segments, which rotate with the disc, extend between the grid 21 and the cylindrical wall 4 of the housing. The distance between the knife 20 and the corresponding wall segment determines the length of the chip housed in a cell or mesh of the grid, therefore the size of a particle size, that is to say its length, which dimension is the most critical because it is the most variable out of the knives, especially at each end of treated branch, when this branch is not more maintained at the entrance to the chipping chamber.

L'épaisseur e de la grille (figure 1) correspond pratiquement à la distance susdite, donc à la dimension désirée des particules qui la traversent. Par ce moyen, la particule est maintenue dans une position radiale contre le segment de paroi et le couteau 20 peut en réduire la taille si celle-ci est trop importante. La particule n'est pas susceptible de se placer en biais et de traverser la grille sans être retaillée. On notera que la dimension E de la grille, prise dans la direction de l'axe 9 est sensiblement égale à la largeur de la ceinture 15 de sorte qu'il ne puisse pas subsister d'espace trop important entre cette grille et le flan 13 du disque dans lequel pourrait passer des particules de bois non calibrées.The thickness e of the grid ( figure 1 ) corresponds practically to the aforesaid distance, and therefore to the desired dimension of the particles passing through it. By this means, the particle is held in a radial position against the wall segment and the knife 20 can reduce its size if it is too large. The particle is not likely to be placed at an angle and to cross the grid without being re-cut. Note that the dimension E of the grid, taken in the direction of the axis 9 is substantially equal to the width of the belt 15 so that there can not be too much space between this grid and the blank 13 disc in which could pass unordered wood particles.

Chaque segment de paroi 22a, 22b, est équipé sur son bord avant d'une lame bouclier 23 qui balaye le volume annulaire compris entre la périphérie extérieure de la grille 21a, 21b et la paroi cylindrique 4 du carter. Cette lame 23 a une pente qui tend à repousser les particules qui ont traversé la grille du côté de la face arrière du flan 13 dans un espace de soufflerie 24, défini par la face arrière du flan 13, la paroi de fond 3 et la paroi latérale 4 du carter 1 qui, de manière connue, est équipé de pales de ventilation 25 qui appartiennent au flan 13.Each wall segment 22a, 22b is equipped on its front edge with a shield blade 23 which scans the annular volume between the outer periphery of the grid 21a, 21b and the cylindrical wall 4 of the housing. This blade 23 has a slope that tends to repel the particles that have passed through the grid on the side of the rear face of the blank 13 in a blower space 24, defined by the rear face of the blank 13, the bottom wall 3 and the wall 4 of the casing 1 which, in known manner, is equipped with ventilation blades 25 belonging to the blank 13.

Le flux d'air engendré par ces pales 25 entre dans la chambre de soufflerie sort de cette chambre par l'ouverture de sortie 10 en entraînant les particules de bois qui proviennent de la chambre de déchiquetage au travers de la grille 21a et 21b. On comprend que le flux d'air n'est entravé par aucun obstacle tel qu'un peigne ou un tamis, le calibrage des particules ayant été effectué en amont de la création de ce flux pneumatique de transport des particules.The flow of air generated by these blades 25 enters the blower chamber exits this chamber through the outlet opening 10 by driving the wood particles that come from the shredding chamber through the grid 21a and 21b. It is understood that the air flow is not hindered by any obstacle such as a comb or sieve, the calibration of the particles having been performed upstream of the creation of this pneumatic particle transport stream.

En fonctionnement, le bois introduit par la fenêtre 5 est réduit en particules par les outils 19b dans la chambre de déchiquetage. Leur trajet est maîtrisé par la grille 21a et 21b pour qu'elles puissent être calibrées de manière efficace en amont de leur extraction pneumatique.In operation, the wood introduced through the window 5 is reduced to particles by the tools 19b in the shredding chamber. Their path is controlled by the grid 21a and 21b so that they can be calibrated effectively upstream of their pneumatic extraction.

Parmi les avantages de l'invention, outre l'optimisation de son fonctionnement (efficacité maximale pour une dépense d'énergie donnée), on mentionnera la facilité avec laquelle l'entretien et les réparations de la partie active du broyeur peuvent être effectués. En effet, la présence de la porte frontale 2b donne accès à toutes les plaquettes 19b et 20 pour les changer sans autre démontage de l'appareil.Among the advantages of the invention, besides optimizing its operation (maximum efficiency for a given energy expenditure), mention will be made of the ease with which the maintenance and repairs of the active part of the mill can be carried out. Indeed, the presence of the front door 2b gives access to all the plates 19b and 20 to change without further disassembly of the device.

Il en est de même s'il faut intervenir sur les contre lames 6a et 6b. On notera en dernier lieu que dans le broyeur selon l'invention la grille 21a et 21b est fixée de manière démontable au carter 2 de manière que l'utilisateur puisse la retirer. Il dispose alors d'un broyeur ordinaire qu'il peut utiliser dans le seul but d'une réduction d'un matériau végétal sans contrainte de calibration. Le broyeur de l'invention peut ainsi être employé de manière plus rentable.It is the same if it is necessary to intervene on the against blades 6a and 6b. It will be noted finally that in the mill according to the invention the grid 21a and 21b is removably attached to the housing 2 so that the user can remove it. He then has an ordinary mill that he can use for the sole purpose of a reduction of a plant material without calibration constraints. The mill of the invention can thus be used more cost-effectively.

Claims (4)

Broyeur de végétaux pour la production de plaquettes ou particules de bois calibrées, comportant : - un carter (1) fermé par une paroi frontale (2a,2b), une paroi de fond (3) et une paroi latérale (4) sensiblement cylindrique, avec, dans la paroi frontale une ouverture d'entrée (5) du bois à traiter bordée d'au moins une lame fixe (6a,6b), et dans la paroi latérale (4), une ouverture de sortie (10) des plaquettes ou particules, - un disque plein (12) logé à rotation dans le carter autour d'un axe (9) sensiblement perpendiculaire aux parois frontale (2a,b) et de fond (3) du carter, divisant l'espace intérieur de ce dernier en une chambre de déchiquetage du côté de la paroi frontale (2a,b) et une chambre de soufflerie du côté de la paroi de fond (3), - au moins une série de couteaux (19,20) comprenant des premiers couteaux (19b) en relief sur la face du disque (12) tournée vers la paroi frontale (2) de manière que ces couteaux croisent la lame fixe (6a,b) lors de la rotation du disque (12) et un deuxième couteau (20) de reprise fixé au voisinage de la périphérie du disque (12) pour balayer une surface cylindrique centrée sur l'axe (X) de rotation du disque, - une cloison latérale (21a,b) adjacente à l'enveloppe du volume balayé par les couteaux (19,20) lors de la rotation du disque et perforée sur au moins une portion de sa périphérie,
caractérisé en ce que cette cloison latérale est en forme de grille (21a,b) dont la maille définit la section des particules et dont l'épaisseur (e) est voisine de la longueur désirée des particules, cette grille entourant la surface balayée par le deuxième couteau (20) et étant distante de la paroi (4) latérale du carter pour délimiter un espace annulaire à l'extérieur du disque (12) débouchant dans la chambre de soufflerie et en ce que le disque comporte au moins un segment (22a,b) de paroi périphérique dans l'angle au centre duquel les couteaux (19,20) d'une série sont contenus et qui coiffe la grille (21a,b) entre cette dernière et la paroi latérale (4) du carter. Vegetable crusher for the production of calibrated wood chips or particles, comprising: - a housing (1) closed by a front wall (2a, 2b), a bottom wall (3) and a substantially cylindrical side wall (4), with, in the front wall, an inlet opening (5) of the wood to be treated lined with at least one fixed blade (6a, 6b), and in the side wall (4), an outlet opening (10) of the platelets or particles, - A solid disc (12) rotatably housed in the housing about an axis (9) substantially perpendicular to the front walls (2a, b) and bottom (3) of the housing, dividing the interior space of the latter into a shredding chamber on the side of the front wall (2a, b) and a blower chamber on the side of the bottom wall (3), - At least one set of knives (19,20) comprising first knives (19b) in relief on the face of the disk (12) facing the front wall (2) so that these knives cross the fixed blade (6a, b ) during the rotation of the disk (12) and a second recovery knife (20) fixed in the vicinity of the periphery of the disk (12) to scan a cylindrical surface centered on the axis (X) of rotation of the disk, a lateral partition (21a, b) adjacent to the envelope of the volume swept by the knives (19, 20) during the rotation of the disk and perforated on at least a portion of its periphery,
characterized in that said lateral partition is in the form of a grid (21a, b) whose mesh defines the section of the particles and whose thickness (e) is close to the desired length of the particles, this grid surrounding the surface swept by the second knife (20) and being spaced from the side wall (4) of the housing to delimit an annular space outside the disc (12) opening in the blast chamber and in that the disk has at least one segment (22a, b) of peripheral wall in the angle in the center of which the knives (19,20) of a series are contained and which covers the grid ( 21a, b) between the latter and the side wall (4) of the housing. Broyeur de végétaux pour la production de plaquettes ou particules de bois calibrées selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le disque (12) possède un flan arrière (13) auquel est fixé le segment de paroi (22a,b) et un flan avant (14) duquel les premiers couteaux (19) font saillie en direction de l'ouverture d'entrée (5) du carter (1) et en ce que, en avant des premiers couteaux (19) dans le sens (A) de rotation du disque (12), le flan avant (14) est échancré d'une poche (18a,b) de recueil des particules formées dont l'ouverture périphérique (16,17) fait face au segment de paroi (22a,b) susdit.Vegetable crusher for producing platelets or calibrated wood particles according to claim 1, characterized in that the disc (12) has a rear flank (13) to which the wall segment (22a, b) is attached and a front blank (14) of which the first knives (19) protrude towards the inlet opening (5) of the housing (1) and in that , in front of the first knives (19) in the direction (A) of rotation of the disk (12), the front blank (14) is indented with a pocket (18a, b) for collecting the formed particles whose peripheral opening (16, 17) faces the above-mentioned wall segment (22a, b) . Broyeur de végétaux pour la production de plaquettes ou particules de bois calibrées selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que, entre le flan arrière (13) et le flan avant (14) du disque (12), ce dernier comporte une paroi cylindrique (15) de ceinture, échancrée (16,17) au niveau de l'ouverture de chaque poche (18a,b), dont le rayon est inférieur au rayon d'action du deuxième couteau (20), et dont la dimension axiale est sensiblement égale à la distance séparant les deux flans du disque augmentée de la saillie des premiers couteaux sur le flan avant.Plant crusher for the production of calibrated wood chips or particles according to claim 2, characterized in that , between the rear flank (13) and the front flank (14) of the disc (12), the disc (12) has a cylindrical wall ( 15) of belt, indented (16,17) at the opening of each pocket (18a, b), whose radius is smaller than the radius of action of the second knife (20), and whose axial dimension is substantially equal to the distance separating the two blanks of the disk increased by the projection of the first knives on the front blank. Broyeur de végétaux pour la production de plaquettes ou particules de bois calibrées selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le disque (12) est équipé d'une lame bouclier (23) située au niveau du bord avant du segment (22) de paroi, dans le sens (A) de rotation du disque.Plant crusher for the production of calibrated wood chips or particles according to claim 3, characterized in that the disc (12) is equipped with a shield blade (23) located at the front edge of the wall segment (22). , in the direction (A) of rotation of the disc.
EP10166845A 2009-06-23 2010-06-22 Plant grinder for the production of calibrated wood plates or particles Not-in-force EP2266768B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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PL10166845T PL2266768T3 (en) 2009-06-23 2010-06-22 Plant grinder for the production of calibrated wood plates or particles

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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FR0903027A FR2946913B1 (en) 2009-06-23 2009-06-23 VEGETABLE MILLER FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CALIBERATED WOOD PACKAGES OR PARTICLES

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EP2266768A1 true EP2266768A1 (en) 2010-12-29
EP2266768B1 EP2266768B1 (en) 2012-05-09

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AT (1) ATE556827T1 (en)
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3124094A1 (en) * 2021-06-17 2022-12-23 Eric Bugnot Box for calibrating and removing particles from a plant shredder.

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3020969B1 (en) * 2014-05-15 2016-06-03 Michel Bugnot VEGETABLE MILLER FOR MAKING CALIBRATED PARTICLES

Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1994013442A1 (en) 1992-12-14 1994-06-23 Telcor Pty. Ltd. Size reduction machinery
DE202007002423U1 (en) 2006-12-04 2007-05-16 Müllers & Backhaus GmbH & Co. KG Crushing device for cutting wood into pieces comprises rotating cutting blades connected to units for crushing wood pieces
FR2920690A1 (en) 2007-09-12 2009-03-13 Michel Bugnot VEGETABLE MILLER FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CALIBER WOOD PARTICLES
EP2047911A1 (en) * 2007-10-11 2009-04-15 PC Maskiner ApS Wood chipping machine with peripheral sieving and disintegration device

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1994013442A1 (en) 1992-12-14 1994-06-23 Telcor Pty. Ltd. Size reduction machinery
DE202007002423U1 (en) 2006-12-04 2007-05-16 Müllers & Backhaus GmbH & Co. KG Crushing device for cutting wood into pieces comprises rotating cutting blades connected to units for crushing wood pieces
FR2920690A1 (en) 2007-09-12 2009-03-13 Michel Bugnot VEGETABLE MILLER FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CALIBER WOOD PARTICLES
EP2047911A1 (en) * 2007-10-11 2009-04-15 PC Maskiner ApS Wood chipping machine with peripheral sieving and disintegration device

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3124094A1 (en) * 2021-06-17 2022-12-23 Eric Bugnot Box for calibrating and removing particles from a plant shredder.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE556827T1 (en) 2012-05-15
EP2266768B1 (en) 2012-05-09
FR2946913B1 (en) 2011-06-10
FR2946913A1 (en) 2010-12-24
PL2266768T3 (en) 2012-10-31

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