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EP2254725A1 - Dispositif de soudage à chambre de soudage et procédé de soudage correspondant - Google Patents

Dispositif de soudage à chambre de soudage et procédé de soudage correspondant

Info

Publication number
EP2254725A1
EP2254725A1 EP09725353A EP09725353A EP2254725A1 EP 2254725 A1 EP2254725 A1 EP 2254725A1 EP 09725353 A EP09725353 A EP 09725353A EP 09725353 A EP09725353 A EP 09725353A EP 2254725 A1 EP2254725 A1 EP 2254725A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
component
process chamber
welding
turbine
blade
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09725353A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Bernd Burbaum
Selim Mokadem
Norbert Pirch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV, Siemens AG filed Critical Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Publication of EP2254725A1 publication Critical patent/EP2254725A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K28/00—Welding or cutting not covered by any of the preceding groups, e.g. electrolytic welding
    • B23K28/003—Welding in a furnace
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
    • B23K26/1224—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in vacuum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
    • B23K26/123—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an atmosphere of particular gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/001—Turbines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for welding with a process chamber and a welding method in a process chamber.
  • Welding techniques are used to join components together or to repair components by remelting cracks, with material (weld metal) added as needed to apply material.
  • an energy beam for example a laser beam is guided over the surface of a component, which is surrounded by a process gas, in order to avoid oxidation of the hot (molten) welding material.
  • the object is achieved by a device according to claim 1 and a method according to claim 10, wherein the component to be welded is arranged in a process chamber and is processed.
  • Figure 1 2 devices of the invention
  • Figure 3 shows a gas turbine
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of a turbine blade
  • Figure 5 is a perspective combustion chamber
  • Figure 6 is a list of superalloys.
  • the figures and the description show only embodiments of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a device 30 according to the invention.
  • the device 30 has a process chamber 31, which preferably represents a vacuum chamber and / or which is flooded with a protective gas, such as argon (Ar) and / or nitrogen (N 2 ) or a process gas or will.
  • a protective gas such as argon (Ar) and / or nitrogen (N 2 ) or a process gas or will.
  • the process chamber 31 has a movement means 38, by means of which a component 4, 120, 130, 155, which is arranged on the movement means 38, tilted and / or can be rotated about the longitudinal axis.
  • the movement means 38 must be able to tilt the component 4 away from or away from at least one welding device 33. Tilting can occur during the laying of two welds, especially when the curvature of the welds to be laid changes.
  • a welding process can be considered in the production of one or more welds.
  • Rotation preferably occurs about an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 121 (FIG. 4) of the component 4.
  • the longitudinal axis is most likely parallel to the beam direction of the welder 33 or the laser beams or the longitudinal direction of the process chamber 31.
  • a tilting of the component 4 can take place during processing by means of the welding apparatus 33 or only in advance of the irradiation by means of the welding apparatus 33.
  • a curvature of the surface to be welded can be taken into account.
  • the component 4, 120, 130, 155 can be displaced by the movement means 38 in the height within the process chamber 31 by the movement means (38).
  • the process chamber 31 can be adapted to different sizes of components, 120, 130, 155 and / or different high points of the component, 120, 130, 155, which are to be welded.
  • the welding device 33 is a laser.
  • a heating loop 41 may preferably be present around the component 4, 120, 130, 155 in order to preheat the component 4, 120, 130, 155 to a specific temperature or to generate a temperature gradient for directional solidification of a melt pool generated by the welding apparatus 33 is going to produce. This generates a local temperature increase. Also preferably, the preheat temperature is measured and regulated.
  • the welder 33 may be located within (Fig. 1) the process chamber 31, but also outside, as e.g. is possible with a laser, which can radiate its laser beams into the process chamber 31 through a window 36 in the process chamber 31 (FIG. 2). In that case, the process chamber 31 with the component 120, 130 can be moved relative to the laser 33 in order to change the position or to guide the laser beam over the component 120, 130. Other welding methods using plasma do not allow this.
  • the closed system with the process chamber allows to more accurately determine the oxygen content and the temperature of the melt of the weldment, since external influences are minimized thereby and a vacuum generally reduces the heat seal during the preheating of the component.
  • the component preferably has a superalloy according to FIG.
  • FIG. 3 shows by way of example a gas turbine 100 in a longitudinal partial section.
  • the gas turbine 100 has inside a rotatably mounted about a rotation axis 102 rotor 103 with a shaft, which is also referred to as a turbine runner.
  • a turbine runner Along the rotor 103 follow one another an intake housing 104, a compressor 105, for example, a toroidal combustion chamber 110, in particular annular combustion chamber, with a plurality of coaxially arranged burners 107, a turbine 108 and the exhaust housing 109th
  • the annular combustion chamber 110 communicates with an annular annular hot gas channel 111, for example.
  • annular annular hot gas channel 111 for example.
  • turbine stages 112 connected in series form the turbine 108.
  • Each turbine stage 112 is formed, for example, from two blade rings. As seen in the direction of flow of a working medium 113, in the hot gas channel 111 of a row of guide vanes 115, a series 125 formed of rotor blades 120 follows.
  • the guide vanes 130 are fastened to an inner housing 138 of a stator 143, whereas the moving blades 120 of a row 125 are attached to the rotor 103 by means of a turbine disk 133, for example.
  • air 105 is sucked in and compressed by the compressor 105 through the intake housing 104.
  • the compressed air provided at the turbine-side end of the compressor 105 is supplied to the burners 107 where it is mixed with a fuel.
  • the mixture is then burned to form the working fluid 113 in the combustion chamber 110. From there it flows
  • the components exposed to the hot working medium 113 are subject to thermal loads during operation of the gas turbine 100.
  • the guide vanes 130 and rotor blades 120 of the first turbine stage 112, viewed in the flow direction of the working medium 113, are subjected to the greatest thermal stress in addition to the heat shield elements lining the annular combustion chamber 110.
  • substrates of the components may have a directional structure, i. they are monocrystalline (SX structure) or have only longitudinal grains (DS structure).
  • SX structure monocrystalline
  • DS structure longitudinal grains
  • iron-, nickel- or cobalt-based superalloys are used as the material for the components, in particular for the turbine blade 120, 130 and components of the combustion chamber 110.
  • Such superalloys are known, for example, from EP 1 204 776 B1, EP 1 306 454, EP 1 319 729 A1, WO 99/67435 or WO 00/44949; These documents are part of the disclosure regarding the chemical composition of the alloys.
  • the vane 130 has a guide vane foot (not shown here) facing the inner housing 138 of the turbine 108 and a vane head opposite the vane foot.
  • the vane head faces the rotor 103 and fixed to a mounting ring 140 of the stator 143.
  • FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of a moving blade 120 or guide blade 130 of FIG
  • Turbomachine which extends along a longitudinal axis 121.
  • the turbomachine may be a gas turbine of an aircraft or a power plant for power generation, a steam turbine or a compressor.
  • the blade 120, 130 has along the longitudinal axis 121 consecutively a fastening region 400, a blade platform 403 adjacent thereto and an airfoil 406 and a blade tip 415.
  • the blade 130 may have at its blade tip 415 another platform (not shown).
  • a blade root 183 is formed, which serves for attachment of the blades 120, 130 to a shaft or a disc (not shown).
  • the blade root 183 is designed, for example, as a hammer head. Other designs as Christmas tree or Schwalbenschwanzfuß are possible.
  • the blade 120, 130 has a leading edge 409 and a trailing edge 412 for a medium flowing past the blade 406.
  • Such superalloys are known, for example, from EP 1 204 776 B1, EP 1 306 454, EP 1 319 729 A1, WO 99/67435 or WO 00/44949; These documents are part of the disclosure regarding the chemical composition of the alloy.
  • the blade 120, 130 can be made by a casting process, also by directional solidification, by a forging process, by a milling process or combinations thereof.
  • Workpieces with a single-crystal structure or structures are used as components for machines that are in operation high mechanical, thermal and / or chemical stresses are exposed.
  • Such monocrystalline workpieces takes place e.g. by directed solidification from the melt.
  • These are casting processes in which the liquid metallic alloy is transformed into a monocrystalline structure, i. to the single-crystal workpiece, or directionally solidified.
  • dendritic crystals are aligned along the heat flow and form either a columnar grain structure (columnar, i.e., grains that run the full length of the workpiece and here, in common usage, are referred to as directionally solidified) or a monocrystalline structure, i. the whole workpiece consists of a single crystal.
  • Structures are also called directionally solidified structures.
  • the blades 120, 130 may have coatings against corrosion or oxidation, e.g. M is at least one element of the group iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), X is an active element and stands for yttrium (Y) and / or silicon and / or at least one element of the rare ones Earth, or hafnium (Hf)).
  • M is at least one element of the group iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni)
  • X is an active element and stands for yttrium (Y) and / or silicon and / or at least one element of the rare ones Earth, or hafnium (Hf)).
  • Such alloys are known from EP 0 486 489 B1, EP 0 786 017 Bl, EP 0 412 397 B1 or EP 1 306 454 A1, which should be part of this disclosure with regard to the chemical composition of the alloy.
  • the density is preferably 95% of the theoretical density.
  • the layer composition comprises Co-30Ni-28Cr-8A1-0, 6Y-0, 7Si or Co-28Ni-24Cr-10Al-0, 6Y.
  • nickel-based protective layers such as Ni-10Cr-12Al-0.6Y-3Re or Ni-12Co-21Cr-IIAl-O, 4Y-2Re or Ni-25Co-17Cr-10Al-0.4Y-1 are also preferably used , 5RE.
  • a heat-insulating layer which is preferably the outermost layer, and consists for example of Zr ⁇ 2, Y2 ⁇ 3-Zr ⁇ 2, i. it is not, partially or completely stabilized by yttrium oxide and / or calcium oxide and / or magnesium oxide.
  • the thermal barrier coating covers the entire MCrAlX layer.
  • suitable coating methods e.g. Electron beam evaporation (EB-PVD) produces stalk-shaped grains in the thermal barrier coating.
  • Other coating methods are conceivable, e.g. atmospheric plasma spraying (APS), LPPS, VPS or CVD.
  • the thermal barrier coating may have porous, micro- or macro-cracked grains for better thermal shock resistance.
  • the thermal barrier coating is therefore preferably more porous than the MCrAlX layer.
  • FIG. 4 shows a combustion chamber 110 of the gas turbine 100.
  • the combustion chamber 110 is designed, for example, as a so-called annular combustion chamber, in which a multiplicity of burners 107 arranged around a rotation axis 102 in the circumferential direction open into a common combustion chamber space 154, which generate flames 156.
  • the combustion chamber 110 is configured in its entirety as an annular structure, which is positioned around the axis of rotation 102 around.
  • the combustion chamber 110 is designed for a comparatively high temperature of the working medium M of about 1000 ° C. to 1600 ° C.
  • the combustion chamber wall 153 is provided on its side facing the working medium M with an inner lining formed of heat shield elements 155.
  • the heat shield elements 155 are then, for example, hollow and possibly still have cooling holes (not shown) which open into the combustion chamber space 154.
  • Each heat shield element 155 made of an alloy is equipped on the working medium side with a particularly heat-resistant protective layer (MCrAlX layer and / or ceramic coating) or is made of highly temperature-resistant material (solid ceramic blocks).
  • M is at least one element of the group iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), X is an active element and stands for yttrium (Y) and / or
  • Such alloys are known from EP 0 486 489 B1, EP 0 786 017 Bl, EP 0 412 397 B1 or EP 1 306 454 Al, which should be part of this disclosure with respect to the chemical composition of the alloy.
  • MCrAlX may still be present, for example, a ceramic thermal barrier coating and consists for example of Zr ⁇ 2, Y2Ü3-Zr ⁇ 2, i. it is not, partially or completely stabilized by yttria and / or
  • Electron beam evaporation EB-PVD
  • EB-PVD Electron beam evaporation
  • Thermal barrier coating may have porous, micro- or macro-cracked grains for better thermal shock resistance.
  • Refurbishment means that turbine blades 120, 130, heat shield elements 155 may need to be deprotected (e.g., by sandblasting) after use. This is followed by removal of the corrosion and / or oxidation layers or products. Optionally, cracks in the turbine blade 120, 130 or the heat shield element 155 are also repaired. Thereafter, a re-coating of

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Abstract

Les procédés de soudage sont fréquemment mis en oeuvre par utilisation d'un gaz protecteur dont l'effet est néanmoins souvent insuffisant. Dans le procédé selon l'invention, il est prévu de placer la pièce à souder (4) dans une chambre de soudage (31).
EP09725353A 2008-03-27 2009-02-02 Dispositif de soudage à chambre de soudage et procédé de soudage correspondant Withdrawn EP2254725A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008015913A DE102008015913A1 (de) 2008-03-27 2008-03-27 Vorrichtung zum Schweißen mit einer Prozesskammer und ein Schweißverfahren
PCT/EP2009/051113 WO2009118213A1 (fr) 2008-03-27 2009-02-02 Dispositif de soudage à chambre de soudage et procédé de soudage correspondant

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2254725A1 true EP2254725A1 (fr) 2010-12-01

Family

ID=40591999

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09725353A Withdrawn EP2254725A1 (fr) 2008-03-27 2009-02-02 Dispositif de soudage à chambre de soudage et procédé de soudage correspondant

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20110062120A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2254725A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102008015913A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009118213A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2991614B1 (fr) * 2012-06-06 2014-07-18 Snecma Procede de rechargement global de piece metallique pour turboreacteurs d'aeronefs, et outillage de protection globale pour la mise en œuvre du procede
FR2995543B1 (fr) * 2012-09-18 2015-05-01 Snecma Procede et dispositif de traitement thermique local d'une piece mecanique mince au moyen d'un laser
US9833019B2 (en) 2014-02-13 2017-12-05 Rai Strategic Holdings, Inc. Method for assembling a cartridge for a smoking article

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102008015913A1 (de) 2009-10-08
US20110062120A1 (en) 2011-03-17
WO2009118213A1 (fr) 2009-10-01

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