EP2118457A1

EP2118457A1 - Device for exhaust gas post-treatment

Info

Publication number: EP2118457A1
Application number: EP08717536A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Michael Micke; Karin Gerlach; Jochen Linhart; Kathrin Lichtenwalter; Sabine Otterbach; Holger Findeisen
Original assignee: Mann and Hummel GmbH
Current assignee: Mann and Hummel GmbH
Priority date: 2007-03-08
Filing date: 2008-03-07
Publication date: 2009-11-18
Also published as: US20100180560A1; WO2008107486A1; DE202007003597U1

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for post-treatment of a hot exhaust gas flow (2) in particular from a diesel engine, comprising a ceramic filter body (1) made from a ceramic material (6) with gas channels (18, 18'). The filter body (1) is formed in one piece from at least one fibre web (4, 4'), in particular paper, impregnated with the ceramic material (6) with formation of the gas channels (18, 18') and sintered at a temperature such that fibres of the fibre web (4, 4') are burned away and the ceramic material (6) is monolithically sinter-bonded in one piece to form the filter body (1). At least two ceramic filter bodies (1) are provided which are independent in design and arranged to flow parallel to each other. Each filter body (1) is limited in size such as to be able to resist the thermal loading of the hot exhaust gas flow (2).

Description

1/19 VSS 2671

description

Device for exhaust aftertreatment

Technical area

The invention relates to a device for the aftertreatment of a hot

Exhaust gas stream with the features according to the preamble of

Claim 1.

State of the art

From DE 35 01 182 A1 an exhaust filter for diesel engines is known.

The ceramic filter bodies disclosed there have layered, flat surfaces

ge and porous filter sections, between which formed gas channels

are. The gas channels are mutually closed. One on one side

in the open to the gas channels there flowing gas flow is through

the plugs forced, the porous filter sections transversely to ih¬

to flow through the surface. The on the opposite side befind¬

union exhaust channels are open in the outflow direction and give the filtered

Exhaust gas flow free.

For the production of the ceramic filter body shown there are no

Information provided. Geometrically comparable body, as beispiels¬

example of catalytic converters are known by extrusion

produced. Fine ceramic partitions of the individual gas channels un¬

terliegen considerable thermal loads, under which they crack

tend to form. To avoid cracking are segmented

Extruded filter body known, in each of which a number of gas 2/19 VSS 2671 channels is grouped in one segment. Several such segments adjoin one another with thickened segment walls of increased thickness. The greater thickness of the segment walls and intermediate gaps compared to the channel walls should provide adequate thermal stability.

WO 2006/005668 A1 shows a ceramic exhaust filter for internal combustion engines, the filter body is formed of ceramic impregnated paper. Depending on a smooth and a wavy impregnated paper web are layered into a semi-finished product to form gas channels and rolled up into a winding body. The waves of the corrugated paper web have a constant shape over their entire length, so that the gas channels have a constant cross section along their length. For a transverse flow of the channel walls, the flow channels are mutually closed by means of plugs. This arrangement allows more freedom in shaping compared to extruded filter bodies. However, a segmentation to avoid thermal cracking is hardly possible in the winding technique shown.

The invention has the object of developing a generic device such that a higher thermal capacity is achieved.

This object is achieved by a device having the features of claim 1. 3/19 VSS 2671

Disclosure of the invention

It is a device for post-treatment of a hot Angasstromes

proposed with a ceramic filter body, wherein the filter body

in one piece from at least one impregnated with the ceramic material Fa¬

in particular, paper is formed to form gas channels and

is sintered. There are at least two ceramic filter body in Vor¬

direction provided separately formed and strö¬

mungsleitend are connected in parallel to each other. Each filter body is in

its size is limited so that it can withstand the thermal stresses

withstand the hot exhaust gas flow. The device accordingly comprises

several individual, taken for themselves small filter body, due to ih¬

flow-parallel connection in the sum of a sufficient

form a large filter element. The compared to the entire filter element

small formation of the individual filter body avoids thermal and

mechanical voltage peaks. Cracks are avoided.

The term chosen here of the filter body comprises in addition to a mechani¬

Filtering effect other forms of cleaning Abgasnachbe¬

treatment, in particular a catalytic exhaust aftertreatment. Of the

individual filter body can therefore as a filter, catalyst or combination

be formed by both. In an advantageous embodiment are gas channels

of the filter body arranged in a filter section and with flat

and porous filter walls, the filter walls being used for 4/19 VSS 2671

Flow with the exhaust gas flow are provided transversely to its surface, wherein adjacent gas channels are mutually closed on an inflow side of the filter section and on an outflow side of the filter section by sealing plugs, in particular of ceramic material, and wherein the filter section is located with respect to a longitudinal direction of the gas passages between the sealing plug. The plugs create a stowage effect that forces the hot exhaust flow to pass through the porous filter walls. In this case, a mechanical filtration is performed. The thermal and mechanical loads are pronounced, the division into several individual filter body to avoid voltage spikes is particularly effective. In an advantageous embodiment, the cross sections of the inlet-side gas channels narrow from the inflow side to the outflow side, with the cross-sections of the output-side gas channels expanding from the inflow side to the outflow side, the channel height being constant, in particular for all gas channels. This cross-sectional profile of the gas channels means that the flow velocity within the gas channels and the pressure difference between the gas channels measured over the filter sections are at least approximately constant along their run length. The thereby constant height of the channels allows the formation of wound bodies with a total of constant, approximately cylindrical overall cross-section. The filtration load of the filter sections 5/19 VSS 2671 is at least approximately constant along the run length of the gas channels.

In an expedient development, the filter body are held in a common housing, wherein the housing fluidly separated from each other, each provided for a single filter body housing sections. The separate housing sections ensure defined flow conditions on the individual filter bodies. The common housing for multiple filter body allows a space-saving and precise mutual positioning of the individual filter body with little effort. The heat dissipation is improved while the mutual fixation of the individual filter bodies in the common housing reduces vibrations and other mechanical loads.

The housing is advantageously formed in the region of the housing sections by interconnected half shells. The half shell construction allows simple means the enclosure of several filter body and their positional positioning against each other.

The ceramic filter body are suitably enclosed in each case by a sealing mat. The sealing mat avoids a gas exchange between the individual filter bodies. On additional sealing measures on the part of the housing can be omitted. The seal 6/19 VSS 2671

mat can also have a mechanical and thermal damping effect

reduces the load on the individual filter body.

The embodiment of the invention is advantageous in a Keramik¬

used material which in the sintered state, a thermal Aus¬

elongation of greater than about 2 x 10 ^"6 / ° C and in particular greater than

about 3 × 10 ^-6 / ° C. With such a thermal expansion

the division into several individual, small filter body is particularly wir¬

kung full.

Brief description of the drawings

An embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to the Zeich¬

described in more detail. Show it:

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an extruded,

Segmented ceramic catalyst body according to the prior Tech¬

nik,

Figure 2 shows a schematic perspective view of a filter section

a ceramic filter body made of ceramic impregnated, wound

Fiber webs

Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a erfindungs¬

proper exhaust aftertreatment device with example two ge

separates from each other and flow-parallel connected in parallel

Filter bodies according to FIG. 2.

Embodiment (s) of the invention 7/19 VSS 2671

Fig. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an extruded, segmented ceramic catalyst body according to the prior art. A number of continuous, on the inside catalytically coated gas channels 18 is combined into segments 67. Within a segment 67, the gas channels 18 are separated from one another by channel walls 68. On the outside, each segment 67 is surrounded by a segment wall 69 with increased thickness. The individual segments 67 are individually extruded, sintered and joined together only in sections by means of a connecting compound, not shown. Away from the bonding compound remains an air gap, also not shown. The greater thickness of the segment walls 69, the air gaps and the compound mass applied only in partial areas serve to avoid stress cracks.

Fig. 2 shows a schematic, partially sectioned perspective view of a ceramic filter body 1 with a filter section 54. The selected here term of the filter body 1 comprises in addition to a mechanical filtration effect and other forms of cleaning exhaust aftertreatment, in particular a catalytic exhaust aftertreatment. Instead of the filter section 54 may also be provided a catalytic section or a particular one-piece combination of both. The filter body 1 is part of a device described in more detail in connection with FIG. 3 for the cleaning aftertreatment of an exhaust gas flow 2 of a motor vehicle diesel engine. 8/19 VSS 2671

The filter body 1 is formed by impregnated with a ceramic material 6 and sintered fiber webs 4, 4 'in particular from filter paper. As the ceramic material 6 is preferably alumina, cordierite, MuIMt, slicium carbide and / or aluminum titanate each alone or in various combinations with each other into consideration. To produce the filter body 1, two different fiber webs 4, 4 'are joined together to form a semi-finished product, which is wound up into the approximately cylindrical filter body 1. By winding the ceramic-impregnated fiber webs 4, 4 'to form a winding body, a laminating direction is created, which is identical to a radial direction 37 of the cylindrical filter body 1. Alternatively, it may also be expedient to arrange a plurality of corrugated fiber webs 4 or semi-finished products in a plane and stack them one above the other.

There is a flow through the filter body 1 from the exhaust stream 2 in an axial direction 38 of the filter body 1 from an inflow side 33 to an outflow side 34 is provided. For this purpose, the first fiber web 4 is made wavy, while a second fiber web 4 'is substantially smooth. The selected term of the waveform includes waves with rounded, for example, sinusoidal cross-section, but also those with angular, for example, triangular, rectangular or trapezoidal cross-section. As a result of the stacking or winding structure, with respect to a radial direction 37 of the filter body 1, there are alternately a corrugated filament. 9/19 VSS 2671 serbahn 4 and a smooth fiber web 4 'one above the other. The corrugated fibrous web 4 is connected to the second, smooth fibrous web 4 'along a multiplicity of contact lines 19, 19', 19 "extending at least approximately parallel to each other, resulting in the wavy shape of the fibrous web 4, the smooth shape of the further fibrous web 4 'and the winding structure a plurality of at least approximately axially parallel gas ducts 18, 18 'with a height measured in the radial direction 37 along the axial direction 38. A gas duct 18 and a gas duct 18' are alternately provided in a circumferential direction 55 of the filter body 1. The gas ducts 18 are towards the inflow side 33 open and closed in the opposite direction to the outflow side 34 by means of sealing plug 22. Relative to the circumferential direction 55 is located between two gas ducts 18 each a gas duct 18 'to the inflow side 33 by means of a sealing plug 22' closed and the outflow side 34 back During operation, the exhaust gas stream 2 flows accordingly in the direction of an arrow 23, parallel to the axis, into the gas channels 18 which are open towards the inflow side 33. Side walls of the ceramic structure produced by the corrugated fibrous web 4 in the circumferential direction 55 form planar and porous filter walls 3. The exhaust gas stream 2 accumulated on the sealing plug 22 is deflected in the circumferential direction 55 according to arrows 24 and flows through the porous ceramic filter sections 3 transversely to its surface , According to the arrows 24, the exhaust gas stream 2 passes through the 10/19 VSS 2671

Filter walls 3 through into the outflow side 34 toward open channels 18 and flows out of them according to arrows 25. When passing through the porous filter walls 3, the exhaust stream 2 is cleaned by entrained soot particles or the like. The cross section of the gas passages 18, 18 'changes along the axial direction 38, specifically the cross sections of the inlet-side gas passages 18 narrow from the inflow side 33 to the outflow side 34. Conversely, the cross-sections of the output-side gas channels 18 'extend from the inflow side 33 toward the outflow side 34, but the channel height remains constant in all the gas channels 18, 18'. This is achieved by a waveform of the fiber web 4 with on the inflow side 33 wide and on the outflow 34 narrow wave crests. In the illustrated embodiment according to FIG. 2, the width of the wave crests decreases linearly from the inflow side 33 to the outflow side 34. As a result of the constant channel height and a one-dimensional, approximately conical curvature of the fiber web 4, the cross-sectional profile is also approximately linear. But it can also be a different, non-linear course in particular by multi-dimensional spatial curvature of the fiber web 4 may be appropriate. Alternatively, an embodiment of the shafts may be advantageous in which the gas channels 18, 18 'have a constant cross section from the inflow side 33 to the outflow side 34. 11/19 VSS 2671

The exhaust stream 2 entering along the arrows 23 into the gas channels 18 penetrates along the entire run length of the gas channels 18, 18 'through the filter sections 3 according to arrows 24. As a result, the input-side volume flow 23 in the gas channel 18 along the length of its run decreases, while the output-side volume flow 25 in the gas channel 18 'increases along the length of its run. The cross-sectional profile of the gas passages 18, 18 'described above causes the flow velocity within the gas passages 18, 18' and the pressure difference between the gas passages 18, 18 'measured over the filter passages 3 to be at least approximately constant along their run length. The Filtrierbelastung the filter sections 3 is characterized along the run length of the gas channels 18, 18 'at least approximately constant.

By way of example, for the production of a first shaping of the fiber webs 4, 4 'and a ceramic impregnation, in particular with a ceramic emulsion. The fiber webs 4, 4 'are then joined to the aforementioned semifinished product. In this case, at least one bead of ceramic mass is placed between the fiber webs 4, 4 ', which forms the later closure plug 22'. It can be seen that the corrugated fiber web 4 rests against its wave crests along contact lines 19, 19 'at the smooth fiber web 4' indicated by dashed lines and is connected to it along the contact lines 19, 19 '. In the manufacture of the semifinished product, the compound can by a suitable glue 12/19 VSS 2671. In the embodiment shown, the connection is made by the ceramic material 6. In the connected state of the semifinished product, the later gas channels 18, 18 'are preformed by the corrugated structure of the fibrous web 4 and the smooth shape of the fibrous web 4', wherein side walls of the corrugated fibrous web 4 are provided in the filter section 54 for the formation of the later filter walls 3. The semifinished product impregnated or impregnated with the ceramic emulsion having the ceramic material 6 is wound or stacked in the moist state, that is to say when the ceramic emulsion has not yet dried, in the form of the later filter body 1 according to FIG. Here, too, at least one bead of ceramic material is placed between the fiber webs 4 ', 4, which forms the later sealing plug 22. When winding or stacking wave troughs of the corrugated fiber web 4 along contact lines 19 "connected to the underlying smooth fiber web 4 ', which in addition to the gas channels 18 and the other gas channels 18' in the radial direction 37 and in the circumferential direction 55 of approximately cylindrical 1) are closed, and the connection at the contact lines 19 "takes place in the same way as at the contact lines 19, 19 '. Alternatively, it may also be expedient firstly to produce the blank from ceramic non-impregnated fiber webs 4, 4 'and then to impregnate or to impregnate the blank ceramic, for example, in an immersion bath. 13/19 VSS 2671

The filter blank formed in this way is first dried and then sintered in a sintering furnace under the action of temperature, wherein the ceramic material 6 including the sealing plug 22, 22 'is sintered together to form a monolithic ceramic body. At the high sintering temperature, the material burns the fiber webs 4, 4 ', whereby a certain porosity of the ceramic material 6 is achieved. The porosity is formed such that the exhaust gas stream 2 can flow through the surface of the ceramic filter walls 3 through the latter.

[0027] The ceramic material 6 forming the filter body 1 has in the sintered state to a thermal expansion of greater than about 2x10 ^-6 / ° C, in the illustrated embodiment greater than about 3x10 ^"6 / ° C.

Fig. 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an inventive device for the aftertreatment of the hot exhaust gas stream 2 shown in Fig. 2, which is provided for an exhaust system of a motor vehicle diesel engine. The apparatus shown comprises by way of example two ceramic filter bodies 1 according to FIG. 2, which are formed separately from one another and are connected in parallel flow-conducting manner to one another. It may also be appropriate three or more individual ceramic filter body 1. Each individual filter body 1 is limited in its size so that it withstands the thermal and mechanical loads of the hot exhaust gas stream 2 of FIG. The maximum size of each individual filter body 1 results from the expected during operation 14/19 VSS 2671 the thermal and mechanical load in connection with the material thermal expansion mentioned above. The size of the individual filter bodies 1 and the total volume flow of the hot exhaust gas stream 2 according to FIG. 2 determined by these provisos results in the required number of filter bodies 1, which are combined in the manner described below for the device according to the invention. Each individual filter body 1 is flowed through in parallel according to the illustration of FIG. 2 by a partial flow of the hot exhaust gas stream 2. The sum of all filter bodies 1 produce the intended cleansing aftertreatment of the hot exhaust gas stream 2 (FIG. 2). In a corresponding embodiment of the individual filter body 1, the device according to the invention can also be provided for the catalytic aftertreatment of the exhaust gas flow of motor vehicle gasoline engines or the like. An application is also in stationary engines, heating systems or the like into consideration.

The filter body 1 are held in a common housing 61, wherein the housing 61 fluidly separated from each other, each provided for a single filter body 1 housing sections 62, 63 has. For this purpose, the housing 61 is formed according to the embodiment shown in the region of the housing sections 62, 63 by two interconnected half-shells 64, 65. For connecting the half-shells 64, 65 together, they point outside, but also between the 15/19 VSS 2671 individual housing sections 62, 63 flanges 71 on which they are screwed by way of example according to dashed lines 70 together. Welding, soldering, crimping or another form of connection may also be expedient. In addition to the half-shells 64, 65 not yet shown inlet and outlet pipes are provided, which can be executed separately, but also in one piece from the half-shells 64, 65 may be formed. The aforementioned fluidic separation of the individual housing sections 62, 63 and thus the individual filter body 1 is generated on the one hand by the intermediate flanges 70, which avoid a cross flow in the connected state. On the other hand, each ceramic filter body 1 is surrounded by a sealing mat 66 all around, resulting in a fluidic sealing of the filter body 1 to the adjacent flanges 71. The sealing mat 66 lies flat on the outside of the respective filter body 1 and also flat on the associated inner side of the housing 61. As a result, the filter body 1 in the housing 61 without play, but thermally and mechanically damped fixed. As an alternative to the illustrated half-shell construction of the housing 61, it may also be expedient to form housing 61 from tubes into which a respective filter body 1 is inserted and possibly shrunk. A further advantageous embodiment may consist in that, to form the housing 61, a sheet metal is bent tubularly and then connected and 16/19 VSS 2671 in particular is welded. It may also be advantageous to wind or bend a sheet around the respective filter body 1 and then to weld or otherwise connect it.

Claims

17/19 VSS 2671 claims

1. Device for the aftertreatment of a hot exhaust gas stream (2) insbesonde¬

a diesel engine, comprising a ceramic filter body (1) made of ei¬

ceramic material (6) with gas ducts (18, 18 '), wherein the filter body (1)

in one piece from at least one impregnated with the ceramic material (6) Fa¬

serbahn (4, 4 '), in particular paper to form the gas channels (18, 18')

formed and formed in such a temperature by sintering that fibers

the fiber web (4, 4 ') are burned free, and that the ceramic material (6) un¬

ter formation of the filter body (1) is monolithically sintered together in one piece,

characterized in that at least two ceramic filter bodies (1)

provided separately formed and flow-parallel

connected to each other, each filter body (1) in size such

is limited, that he the thermal loads of the hot Abgasstro¬

with (2).

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas channels

(18, 18 ') in a filter section (54) of the filter body (1) and arranged with

flat and porous filter walls (3) are provided, wherein the filter walls

(3) vorgese¬ to the flow through the exhaust stream (2) transversely to its surface

hen, wherein adjacent gas channels (18, 18 ') alternately on a Ein¬

flow side (33) of the filter section (54) and on an outflow side (34) of the

Filter section (54) by sealing plug (22, 22 ') in particular from Ke¬

ceramic material are closed, and wherein the filter section (54) based 18/19 VSS 2671 on a longitudinal direction (38) of the gas channels (18, 18 ') between the sealing plug (22, 22') is located.

3. A device according to claim 2, characterized in that narrow the cross sections of the input side gas channels (18) from the inflow side (33) to the outflow side (34), and that the cross sections of the output side gas channels (18 ') of the Inflow side (33) to the outflow side (34) towards expand, in particular, in all the gas channels (18, 18 '), the channel height is constant.

4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the filter body (1) in a common housing (61) are held, wherein the housing (61) fluidly separated from each other, each for a single filter body (1) provided housing sections (62, 63).

5. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the housing (61) in the region of the housing sections (62, 63) by interconnected half-shells (64, 65) is formed.

6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the ceramic filter body (1) by a sealing mat (66) is enclosed.

7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the ceramic material (6) in the sintered state, a thermal expansion 19/19 VSS 2671 of greater than about 2x10 " ⁶ / ° C and especially greater than about 3x10" ⁶ / ° C.