EP2175219B1 - Fire-proof cladding element - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a furnace having at least one furnace wall lined with one or more refractory lining elements.

From the DE 70 31 973 U1 For example, a refractory insulating board is known for use with flat furnace walls and ceilings. It consists essentially of a meander-shaped profiled support plate, are secured to the insulating layers.

Furnaces, in particular industrial furnaces, such as a ring-shaft furnace or a Maerz-style parallel shaft regeneration furnace, are lined on the furnace walls with refractory materials formed either by refractory bricks or by one or more lining elements cast in place from refractory concrete. Such fire and insulating concrete for lining industrial furnaces are for example in the DE 29 48 978 A1 described.

In operation, due to the influences of the processes that take place in the oven (temperature stresses, chemical attack, abrasion, etc.), damage to the lining elements occurs. Both a masonry construction with molded bricks as well as a suburb casted lining element a tremendous work and time is required to replace damaged lining elements. If the lining element is poured on-site, the following work steps must be carried out in the following: complete removal of the old structure, weld anchor, install insulation, install formwork, fill casting compound and vibrate, stripping and drying out. All work steps require great skill and conscientiousness, which also requires a huge amount of time and the furnace can not be put into operation during this time.

From the EP-B1-1 602 889 For example, an industrial furnace having a circumferentially curved, multi-layered inner wall is known, wherein at least its convexly curved lining layer has interlocked, refractory shaped blocks. In this case, at least one compensation area formed of refractory concrete elements and having an expansion joint is provided in the circumferential direction, which has at least one concrete anchor and is cast in place. Due to the expansion joint damage to the stones can be significantly reduced by heating and cooling processes. The oven disclosed therein also has a furnace area with at least one hanging inner wall, wherein on the downwardly facing end face cast from cast concrete refractory ring is attached.

The DE 103 23 944 A1 describes an industrial furnace which is lined with refractory materials towards the process space and has a container shell formed of steel, with numerous similar cooling elements attached to the outside of the container shell. Each cooling element essentially consists of a flexible base plate, which conforms to the container jacket, and at least one cooling channel connected to the latter in a heat-conducting manner. In order to prevent or fill any air gaps, a thermal paste is provided between the base plate and the container shell.

The JP 08 027505 A describes a water-cooled refractory element for an oven. In the JP 2001 091164 A and the DE 21 45 306 A Refractory linings for stoves are disclosed, the supporting elements simultaneously form the outer wall of the furnace.

Furthermore, in the WO 00/73242 A describes a refractory element enclosing a cooling tube, wherein it is proposed to fill the gap between the cooling tube and refractory element with an insulating material.

The object of the invention is to improve an oven with one or more refractory lining elements in such a way that rapid and uncomplicated replacement of damaged elements is made possible without the heat flow from the inside of the furnace being worsened compared with conventional linings of the furnace ,

According to the invention, this object is solved by the features of claim 1.

The furnace according to the invention comprises at least one furnace wall to which one or more refractory lining elements are attached, the refractory lining element for attachment to a furnace wall comprising a metallic base body and a single or multi-layer structure of refractory materials with at least one layer of refractory concrete and at least an anchor, wherein the anchor is cast in the refractory concrete and is connected to the base body, and wherein the lining element is designed as a prefabricated component. Furthermore, a thermal compound is provided between the furnace wall and the at least one refractory lining element to compensate for unevenness and / or thermal expansion and / or other deformations.

By anchored to the body and embedded in the concrete anchor the adhesion of the refractory concrete is ensured on the lining element.

In the damage of a lining element this can therefore be replaced in a very short time, since the worn lining element can be quickly removed and then neither bricked up new, nor a time-consuming casting suburb is required.

In order to facilitate handling of the lining elements when inserted into the furnace and when attached to the furnace, the elements must be made small relative to the furnace. The dimension of the lining element is preferably about 1/20 to 1/60 of the circumference of the furnace. As a result, they are also good at deformed furnace walls. The gap between the furnace wall and the metallic body of the element is kept so small.

Further embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

The single-layer or multi-layered structure may comprise, in addition to the at least one layer of refractory concrete, at least one insulating layer, for example of a ceramic fiber layer and / or an insulating concrete layer.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention fastening means for fixing the lining element are provided on the metallic base body. These fastening means can be formed, for example, by a flange-over edge region of the metallic main body projecting beyond the single- or multi-layered structure or by a plurality of threaded pins. The at least one anchor can also be formed at least at one end as a round rod, which protrudes through the metallic base body on the single or multi-layered structure opposite side and there is provided with a thread as a fastening means. In particular, screws are also considered as fastening means.

The refractory lining elements can be screwed or welded to the furnace wall, although other types of attachment are conceivable. Even the at first glance complicated welding of the lining elements is preferable to the conventional deliveries, since only this one step is time consuming and difficult, but many other processes completely eliminated.

In accordance with a further embodiment of the invention, the refractory lining element is fastened to at least one inner wall which is suspended in the furnace in the region of the downwardly pointing end wall.

Further embodiments and advantages of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the following description and the drawing.

Fig. 1a

eine Schnittdarstellung eines feuerfesten Auskleidungselements gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel,

Fig. 1b

eine Schnittdarstellung des feuerfesten Auskleidungselements gemäß Fig. 1a im montierten Zustand,

Fig. 2a

eine Schnittdarstellung eines feuerfesten Auskleidungselements gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel,

Fig. 2b

eine Schnittdarstellung des feuerfesten Auskleidungselements gemäß Fig. 2a im montierten Zustand,

Fig. 3

eine Schnittdarstellung eines Ofens im unteren Bereich einer hängend angeordneten Innenwand mit einem dort angebrachten feuerfesten Auskleidungselement

Fig. 4

eine geschnittene Detailansicht des in Fig. 3 dargestellten Auskleidungselements gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel,

Fig. 5

eine geschnittene Detailansicht des in Fig. 3 dargestellten Auskleidungselements gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel,

Fig. 6a

eine geschnittene Detailansicht des in Fig. 3 dargestellten Auskleidungselements gemäß einem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel,

Fig. 6b

eine Schnittdarstellung des feuerfesten Auskleidungselements gemäß Fig. 6a vor seiner Montage und

Fig. 6c

eine Seitenansicht des umbördelbaren Randbereichs des metallischen Grundkörpers gemäß Fig. 6b.

In the drawing show

Fig. 1a

a sectional view of a refractory lining element according to a first embodiment,

Fig. 1b

a sectional view of the refractory lining element according to Fig. 1a in the assembled state,

Fig. 2a

a sectional view of a refractory lining element according to a second embodiment,

Fig. 2b

a sectional view of the refractory lining element according to Fig. 2a in the assembled state,

Fig. 3

a sectional view of a furnace in the lower region of a hanging arranged inner wall with a there attached refractory lining element

Fig. 4

a sectional detail view of the in Fig. 3 illustrated lining element according to a first embodiment,

Fig. 5

a sectional detail view of the in Fig. 3 illustrated lining element according to a second embodiment,

Fig. 6a

a sectional detail view of the in Fig. 3 illustrated lining element according to a third embodiment,

Fig. 6b

a sectional view of the refractory lining element according to Fig. 6a before its assembly and

Fig. 6c

a side view of the umbördelbaren edge region of the metallic body according to Fig. 6b ,

This in Fig. 1a illustrated refractory lining element 10 is formed as a prefabricated component and consists essentially of a metallic base body 1, a single or multi-layer structure 2 of refractory materials and at least one anchor 3 with the one or more layered structure 2 is anchored to the base body 1. The single or multilayer structure 2 consists in the illustrated embodiment from the inside to the outside of a ceramic fiber layer 2a, an insulating concrete layer 2b and another layer of refractory concrete 2c. In the manufacture of the lining element 10, the anchors are welded to the metallic base body 1 before the layer (s) of the structure 2 are poured. The lining element 10 also provides fastening means for fastening the lining element. In the illustrated embodiment, the fastening means are formed by threaded pins 4 or screws.

Although the lining element 10 is shown with a flat metallic base body 1, depending on the purpose of use, other, in particular convex or concave curved contours can be provided.

In Fig. 1b is a section with three on a wall, in particular a furnace wall 5, fastened lining elements 10 shown. For this purpose, the furnace wall 5 is provided with holes 5a, through which the threaded pins 4 protrude and are screwed to the furnace wall 5 with screws 6.

In Fig. 2a a refractory lining element 11 according to a second embodiment is shown, which differs from the refractory lining element according to FIG Fig. 1a essentially only by the formation of the armature 3 'is different. Otherwise, a metallic base body 1 and a single or multi-layered structure 2 is also provided here. In that regard, reference may be made to the previous statements.

The anchors 3 'are formed at least at one end as a round rod, which protrudes through the metallic base body 1 on the single or multi-layered structure 2 opposite side and is provided there with a thread 7 as a fastening means. In the installed state according to Fig. 2b the refractory lining elements 11 are in turn held by screws 6 on an outer wall, in particular a furnace wall 5.

In Fig. 3 For example, a furnace is shown, which is, for example, a Maerz-style shaft furnace having two or more mutually parallel furnace shafts, each having an annular channel 21 into which fuel gases flow in the direction of arrow 22 to operate in a regenerative mode to flow over, not shown, second furnace shaft. The annular channel 21 is bounded inwardly by a hanging arranged inner wall 23, which is flowed around by the hot fuel gases. When burning lime, for example, temperatures of about 1000 ° C prevail here.

In the exemplary embodiment shown, the inner wall 23 has a metallic, inner carrier layer 24 with cooling channels 25 through which air flows. At its lower end it merges into a holder 26 for supporting the vertical panels of the inner and outer walls and for suspending the inner wall paneling. The inner wall 23 is also clad with refractory lining elements, which may optionally be clad by conventional bricks or by the above-described refractory lining elements.

Various exemplary embodiments of the refractory lining element 12 attached to the downwardly facing end face of the inner wall 23 will be described below.

The refractory lining element 12 in turn has the metallic body 1, anchor 3 and a single or multi-layered structure 2, which is formed in the illustrated embodiment by an insulating layer 2d and a layer of refractory concrete 2c. The attachment of the lining element 12 to the holder 26 of the inner wall 23 has been realized here by screws 8, which are accessible via holes 9 in the multilayer structure. Before attaching the lining element 12, a heat paste 28 is applied in the area of contact with the holder 26 in order to be able to compensate for unevenness and / or thermal expansion and / or other deformations. The holes 9 are filled after screwing the lining element 12 in a suitable manner.

In the embodiment according to Fig. 5 the lining element 12 'is not screwed, but welded in the areas 29 with the holder 26.

In the FIGS. 6a to 6c In a third variant of a lining element 12 ", the fastening means are formed by a beadable edge region 1a of the metallic basic body 1 which projects beyond the lining element.

During assembly, the lining element 12 "is in turn lubricated with a thermal paste 28 in the region of the metallic main body 1. Subsequently, the lining element 12" is lifted from below against the holder 26 'designed as a prism ring. The incised edge region 1a is then crimped and possibly additionally welded.

For all attached lining elements any gaps required for installation in the inner and / or outer circumference are poured with suitable masses.

In a repair case, these gaps are straightened, any welds separated or flanged areas separated. When screwing the screws are loosened. After cleaning the surface of the holder, the lining elements designed as prefabricated components can be fastened again. The formation of the lining elements as prefabricated components allows a very fast assembly, so that the furnace or process container is ready for use again in a very short time. When using prefabricated components, it is particularly important for the function to ensure a calculable, defined thermal coupling of the lining element to a usually cooled holder or wall.

In order to facilitate handling of the lining elements when inserted into the furnace and when attached to the furnace, the elements must be made small relative to the furnace. The dimension of the lining element is preferably about 1/20 to 1/60 of the circumference of the furnace. As a result, they are also good at deformed furnace walls. The gap between the furnace wall and the metallic body of the element is kept so small. The mechanical connection should be as solid as possible, which can be achieved for example by a plurality of screws (in particular more than 4, preferably more than 5).

Since the gap between a support or wall and the refractory lining element fluctuates due to manufacturing tolerances, unevenness, thermal expansion and / or other deformations, a thermal paste is provided in the space, which can conduct the heat much better and more defined than a gas gap and up to 300 ° C preserves a certain plasticity. The refractory lining elements described above can be used in all those places which are protected with refractory materials and subject to regular wear. By using prefabricated components, the downtime for the repair can be considerably shortened, since the drying of casting compounds suburb is eliminated. Furthermore, the attachment of the prefabricated components is a mere mechanic work, while the casting of lining elements has required on-site specialists. The critical work in the production of the lining element can thus be outsourced.

Claims (10)

1. Kiln having at least one kiln wall (5, 23), lined with one or more refractory lining members (10, 11, 12, 12"), the refractory lining member (10, 11, 12, 12"), for being secured to a kiln wall (5, 23), having a metal base body (1) and a single-layered or multi-layered structure (2) with at least one layer of refractory concrete (2c) and at least one anchor (3, 3'), the anchor being cast in the refractory concrete and connected to the base body, and the lining member being in the form of a prefabricated component,
   characterized in that a thermally conductive paste for compensating for unevenness and/or thermal expansion and/or other deformation is provided between the kiln wall (5, 23) and the at least one refractory lining member (10, 11, 12, 12").
2. Kiln according to claim 1, characterised in that the single-layered or multi-layered structure has at least one insulating layer (2a, 2b).
3. Kiln according to claim 1, characterised in that securing means for securing the lining member (10, 11) to the kiln wall (5, 23) are provided on the metal base body (1).
4. Kiln according to claim 3, characterised in that the securing means are formed by a beadable edge region (1a) of the metal base body (1), which edge region (1a) projects beyond the lining member (12").
5. Kiln according to claim 3, characterised in that the securing means are formed by several threaded pins (4) which project on the side of the metal base body (1) remote from the single-layered or multi-layered structure (2).
6. Kiln according to claim 1, characterised in that the at leaset one anchor (3') is constructed, at least at one end, in the form of a round rod which extends through the metal base body (1) to the side remote from the single-layered or multi-layered structure (2) and is there provided with a thread (7) as securing means.
7. Kiln according to claim 3, characterised in that the securing means are formed by screws (6).
8. Kiln according to claim 1, characterised in that the refractory lining members (10, 11, 12) are screwed to the kiln wall (5, 23).
9. Kiln according to claim 1, characterised in that the refractory lining members (10, 11, 12) are welded to the kiln wall (5, 23).
10. Kiln according to claim 1, characterised in that the kiln has kiln regions formed by at least one suspended inner wall (23), the at least one refractory lining member (12) being secured to the downwardly directed end face of the inner wall.

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