EP2146167A1 - Device and method for removing fluids - Google Patents

Abstract

The device has a container, which comprises an annular process chamber with a cylindrical external contour. A limiting wall (19b) for limiting an intermediate space that is added between the (n-1)-th cell (17) and the n-th cell. The intermediate space is connected with the (n-1)-th cell by an opening (19a) in the wall between the (n-1)-th cell and the n-th cell.

Description

eine erste Zelle mit der Eintrageinrichtung in Wirkverbindung steht, eine n-te Zelle mit der Austrageinrichtung in Wirkverbindung steht, die n Zellen an ihren oberen Enden offen sind, die ersten (n-1) Zellen von unten durch einen mit ersten Öffnungen versehenen Boden von dem Fluidisierungsmittel durchströmbar sind, und die Wände zwischen den n Zellen, von der ersten bis zur n-ten Zelle, jeweils zumindest eine zweite Öffnung für einen Durchgang von partikelförmigen Materialien aufweisen, sowie ein Verfahren zum Entfernen von zumindest Fluiden aus einem Gemenge partikelförmiger Materialien in einer solchen Vorrichtung.The present invention relates to a device for removing at least fluids from a mixture of particulate materials with a container comprising an annular process chamber with a cylindrical outer contour, with an introduction device for introducing a mixture of particulate materials into the process space, with an outlet device for discharging the at least at least partially freed of fluids particulate materials from the process space, with a supply means for supplying a fluidizing agent from below into the process space and at least one conditioning device for processing, in particular heating, the fluidizing agent in the flow direction in front of the feeder, wherein in the process space up to n walls as well as vertically extending n cells are provided, with n ∈

a first cell is operatively connected to the insertion means, an nth cell is operatively connected to the discharge means, the n cells are open at their upper ends, the first (n-1) cells are downwardly through a first-orifice bottom of the fluidizing agent can flow through, and the walls between the n cells, from the first to the n-th cell, each have at least one second opening for a passage of particulate materials, and a method for removing at least fluids from a mixture of particulate materials such a device.

Such a device is, for example, in the unpublished EP 07002861.8-1266 and will be described in the following FIGS. 6 and 7 explained in more detail.

FIG. 6 shows a drying device 1 with a container 2, which has a substantially cylindrical outer skin 3. The container 2 is mounted on a frame 4, not only to make the container 1 from below a maintenance accessible, but also to facilitate removal of dried particulate materials in another processing plant. It is in FIG. 6 to recognize that the outer contour of the container 2 is substantially cylindrical. The geometric structure of the container 2 and the components arranged therein will be described below.

The set up on the frame 4 container 2 has at its lower, the frame 4 end facing a curved bottom 5, in which a not shown fan wheel is arranged, with a fluidizing agent, in particular superheated steam, is circulated in the container 2. Within the container 2, a substantially cylindrical superheater 6 is arranged, so that the fluidizing agent is introduced from below into a substantially annular process chamber 20 which is formed between the superheater 6 and the outer skin 3 and in the materials to be treated via a non-illustrated Entry device are registered. The process space 20 is delimited at its lower end by a distributor base 7 held by means of a distributor plate holder, which allows the passage of the fluidizing means through a plurality of openings, not shown, from below, but does not allow a falling through of the materials to be treated.

Above the inflow floor 7 vertically aligned walls 8 are arranged, which extend from the outer wall of the superheater 6 to the container wall, so the outer skin, and form n cells between them. The walls 8 may extend down to the inflow floor 7 or form a clearance therebetween. The cells formed by the walls 8 are open at the top so that the fluidizing agent flows through the cells from bottom to top and fluidizes and partially entrains the materials or particles to be treated, and possibly transports them to a downstream cell. The n-th cell or discharge cell provided with a discharge device, not shown, is substantially not flowed through by the fluidizing agent, so that material entering the cell without distributor bottom from above or at the inflow base 7 reaches the bottom region and via the discharge device, for example a discharge tube Screw conveyor, can be removed from the discharge cell.

Above the walls 8, swirl vanes 9 adjoin, which can also be arranged offset in the circumferential direction between the walls 8 and in their vertical extension approximately correspond to the vertical extent of the walls 8 or go beyond, that may be longer than the walls 8. The swirl vanes 9 are aligned, in each case on their underside, which faces the walls 8, substantially parallel to the walls 8, so that the pressure side of the swirl blades 9 is oriented at an angle of 0 ° to the axial component of the flow velocity of the fluidizing agent. The swirl vanes 9 are in the in FIG. 6 illustrated embodiment is curved and oriented so that the curvature of the entry device in operative connection with the entry cell to the discharge cell, ie in the flow direction of the particulate materials shows. For example, if the entry cell and the discharge cell arranged side by side with the interposition of a wall 8, the curvature of the entry cell associated swirl blades 9 away from the discharge, so that the particle and material flow over the entire circumference of the container 2 and thus the process space 20 transports must be to get to the discharge cell.

At its upper end, the swirl vanes 9 have a curvature of up to 35 ° to the axial component of the flow rate of the fluidizing means, to redirect the flow of the fluidizing means as well as that of the materials in the circumferential direction. The swirl vanes 9 represent an extension of the walls 8, which extension may be formed with or without a gap between the swirl vanes 9 and the walls 8. The swirl blades 9 may form a single or double curved surface, ie a curvature around both the axial component and a radial component to redirect the flow of the fluidizing agent and the direction of movement of the material or solids according to the requirements. Instead of a curvature, an inclination of otherwise straight-walled swirl vanes 9 can be provided for diverting the flow direction.

Above the swirl vanes 9 there is formed a transition region 10 designed as a free space, which is provided without flow-influencing internals, so that the flow of the fluidizing agent as well as the transport thereof, together with the particles entrained in the fluidizing agent flow, can take place substantially unhindered. This clearance 10, the so-called transition region, is annular and allows a continuous, free, circular passage of both the material and the fluidizing agent in the horizontal plane.

Above the swirl blades 9 and the transition region 10 additional swirl blades 11 are arranged, which also have a single or double curved surface, however, with an entrance angle of up to 15 ° relative to the axial flow velocity component on its pressure side. The exit angle is in the same nomenclature up to 90 °, wherein the inner diameter of the blading corresponds to the outer diameter of the superheater 6.

The additional swirl blades 11 are part of a dust separator 12 whose outer diameter is smaller than the outer diameter of the process chamber 20 and thus smaller than the outer diameter of the container housing in the region of the walls 8 and the swirl blades 9. The outer diameter of the additional twist blading corresponds to the outer diameter of the dust separator 12. By adapting the additional twist blading to the swirl blades 9, an optimized construction of the device 1 with respect to the pressure loss results, so that the overall device can be operated with a high degree of efficiency. The outer contour 3 of the container 2 is at least up to the height of the swirl blades, in the present case up to the height of the dust separator 12 and the additional swirl blades 11, cylindrical, whereby a material-intensive construction of the preferably designed as a pressure vessel container 2 is avoided. The swirl blading generates and promotes a pre-swirl or swirl flow over a fluidized bed present in the process space 20, thereby assisting the required and desired on-going transport from the feed cell to the discharge cell, not only for fine particles. Within the dust collector 12, a centrifugal field is generated, in which the dust particles and entrained particulate materials are externally circulated and discharged through an opening.

Above the additional swirl blades 11 are arranged opposite to the twist direction oriented return vanes 13, which deflect the swirl of the fluidizing agent and convert it into a static pressure in order to supply the fluidizing agent to the superheater 6. The return or return vanes 13 also have a single or double curved or inclined surface with an entrance angle of up to 90 ° with respect to the axial flow velocity component of the fluidizing means, the exit angle being up to 10 ° for the same nomenclature. The inner diameter of the blading corresponds the outer diameter of an outlet pipe 14, while the outer diameter of the blading corresponds to the inner diameter of the superheater 6. About the in FIG. 6 Upper opening 14a, steam can escape from the container 2 and be used in another process, preferably energetically.

The FIG. 7 represents a horizontal section along the line DD of FIG. 6 At the lower end of the FIG. 7 is the entry cell 15, which is in operative connection with the entry device, not shown, for example, a screw conveyor shown, which is disposed immediately adjacent to the discharge cell 17, wherein the entry cell 15 and the discharge cell 17 are fluidly separated from each other so that an immediate transition of Material from the entry cell 15 in the discharge cell 17 is prevented. Starting from the entry cell 15 is followed by a plurality of processing cells 16, which are separated by partitions 8 from each other. The dividing walls 8 may be directly adjacent to the container wall or at a certain distance thereof within the annular process space 20, which is bounded on the bottom of the inflow base 7 and at the top of the underside of the swirl blades 9, suspended. Within the processing cells 16 intermediate heating walls 18 may be arranged in order to provide additional heat energy for the drying process can.

Further, the EP 0 955 511 B1 an alternative device for drying granules by means of superheated steam, wherein between all the processing cells, including entry cell and discharge cell, an arrangement for automatically regulating a particle flow from cell to cell, preferably each comprising a flap for opening a wall between two adjacent cells, provided is. The use of such flaps, however, involves the risk that there will be accumulation of granules in front of each closed flap, so that the respective flap is jammed and thus can no longer be selectively opened, whereby finally neither the degree of drying nor the output of dried granules are reproducibly adjustable.

The object of the present invention is therefore to develop the generic device such that it overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art.

This object is achieved according to the invention in that on the wall between the (n-1) -th cell and the n-th cell at least one boundary wall for delimiting a gap between the (n-1) -th cell and the n-th cell is attached or attachable, wherein the gap with the second opening in the wall between the (n-1) -th cell and the n-th cell, which is in particular in the form of a recess on the floor-facing side of said wall, with the (n-1) -th cell is connected, the gap via at least a third opening, which is in particular in the form of a recess of the boundary wall on the bottom-facing side of the boundary wall, connectable to the n-th cell, the gap over the boundary wall at its upper end opposite the bottom and laterally closed and from below through first openings in the bottom of the fluidizing agent can flow through, and the third opening through at least one closure member of the discharge device is at least partially closed or opened at least temporarily.

It can be provided that the closure member is movable via a drive device of the discharge device, preferably regulated, in particular in dependence on output data of at least one sensor.

In turn, it is preferred that in the first (n-1) cells and the intermediate space a fluidized bed of the particulate material can be generated by the fluidizing means, and the sensor measures at least one characteristic size of the fluidized bed, preferably none in the nth cell Fluidized bed is present.

With the invention it is proposed that a differential pressure of the fluidized bed can be detected via the sensor, preferably by means of a first sensor within the fluidized bed and a second sensor outside, in particular above, the fluidized bed, in particular in the (n-1) -th cell.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the drive device comprises at least one motor, such as a gear motor or stepper motor, preferably with a positioner for positioning the closure member, and / or the closure member is connected via a shaft to a motor of the drive device.

It is proposed that the closure member has a coaxial to the shaft arranged circular segment cross-section.

Preferred embodiments of the invention are also characterized in that at least two closure members are provided, wherein preferably the closure members are evenly distributed on a concentric circle around the shaft around.

The invention also proposes that each closure member is movable from bottom to top along the third opening, preferably on a circular arc.

Furthermore, it can be provided that each closure member in the n-th cell and the associated drive means are arranged outside the container, so that the shaft between the drive means and the closure member passes through the outer contour of the container.

It can also be provided that the boundary wall, in particular a cover part thereof, extends at the upper end of the intermediate space from the third opening to the second opening in the wall between the (n-1) -th cell and the n-th cell, preferably after tilted and / or bent at the top.

It is also proposed that the discharge device comprises a conveyor which extends at least partially in the n-th cell.

It can also be provided that the discharge device comprises a frequency converter.

Embodiments of the invention may be further characterized in that in the wall between the (n-1) -th cell and the n-th cell at least a fourth opening is arranged above the second opening, so that above the gap of particulate materials of the (n-1) th cell can enter the nth cell.

It is proposed that the fourth opening is at least partially closed at least temporarily, preferably by a further closure member of the discharge.

Preferred embodiments are further characterized by a wall between the nth cell and the first cell, which wall has no opening.

It can also be provided that the n cells are arranged concentrically around the treatment device, preferably comprising a superheater.

In addition, it is proposed that above the walls swirl vanes are arranged, which are inclined or curved in the flow direction of the particulate materials from the first cell to the n-th cell, wherein the outer diameter of the swirl vanes is not greater than the outer diameter of the walls and the swirl vanes of an outer shell are surrounded, which does not protrude radially beyond the outer shell, which surrounds the walls.

The invention also provides a method for removing at least fluids from a batch of particulate materials in a device according to the invention, characterized in that the residence time of the particulate material in the process space of the device is determined as a function of a fluidized bed differential pressure in the process space.

It may be provided that for discharging the at least partially at least partially freed particulate materials from the process chamber each of the third opening occlusive closure member is first rotated from its respective closed position into a third opening, preferably completely releasing opening position, preferably at the third opening from the bottom to the top, and then the closure member is held in the open position for a first predetermined period of time.

Alternatively, it is proposed that for discharging the at least partially freed from the at least fluid particulate materials from the process chamber each closure member is first brought to a stationary state for a second certain period of time in which the third opening is partially open, and at least during the second specific time period once for a third specific period of time, the third opening further open, in particular completely open, is, preferably for at least partially opening the third opening at least one closure member is moved from bottom to top at the third opening.

In addition, it can be provided that for at least partially closing the third opening, preferably as a function of the first or second and / or third time period, first at least one closure member closes the third opening either from top to bottom or from bottom to top.

Finally, the invention also proposes that the process space is filled with a mixture of particulate materials in such a way and a fluidizing agent is supplied to the process space such that at least in the (n-1) -th cell the fluidized bed builds up at least up to the fourth opening.

The invention is therefore based on the surprising finding that during operation of the drying apparatus with a continuous feed of particulate matter to be dried and a continuous discharge of dried materials, a fluidized differential pressure gradient is formed, which on the one hand is sufficient as a driving force for transport of the the fluidized bed to be dried particulate materials from processing cell to processing cell and on the other hand ensures a continuous particle movement in front of a closure member which is necessary only between the last processing cell in which the fluidized bed propagates and the Austragszelle without fluidized bed, if the closure member not to Closing an opening of a wall between said last fluidized bed processing cell and the non-fluidized bed discharge cell is used, but for closing an opening of a gap between said the last processing cell and the discharge cell, so that there is no jamming of particles and / or an accumulation of heavy fluidizable product in front of the closure member.

Furthermore, according to the invention, the knowledge is used that, when the amount of supplied particulate materials of the fluidized bed is increased, the fluidized bed differential pressure increases, so that to ensure steady state process conditions in the fluidized bed with approximately constant filling and product residence time adjustment of the discharge the at least partially at least fluid-free particulate materials have to be made in dependence on said fluidized bed differential pressure. This allows for a controlled amount of particulate materials in the fluidized bed, while optimizing the removal of the fluids from the particulate material. Further, even with momentary interruption or reduction of the supply of said mixture of particulate materials into the process space, it is ensured that the fluidized bed in the process space is not depleted of fluidized materials and thus maintained.

Figur 1

eine erste perspektivische Teilschnittansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung;

Figur 2

eine zweite perspektivische Teilschnittansicht der Vorrichtung von Figur 1;

Figur 3

eine dritte perspektivische Teilschnittansicht der Vorrichtung von Figur 1 und 2;

Figur 4

eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Schließeinrichtung der Vorrichtung der Figuren 1 bis 3;

Figuren 5a bis 5c

Teilschnittansichten durch eine Verarbeitungszelle und eine Austragszelle der Vorrichtung der Figuren 1 bis 3, mit verschiedenen Positionen der Schließeinrichtung von Figur 4;

Figur 6

eine perspektivische Teilschnittansicht einer bekannten Vorrichtung; und

Figur 7

eine Schnittansicht gemäß Linie DD der Figur 6.

Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description, are explained in the embodiments of the invention with reference to schematic drawings in detail. Showing:

FIG. 1

a first partial perspective sectional view of a device according to the invention;

FIG. 2

a second partial perspective sectional view of the device of FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 3

a third partial perspective sectional view of the device of FIG. 1 and 2 ;

FIG. 4

a perspective view of a closing device of the device of FIGS. 1 to 3 ;

FIGS. 5a to 5c

Partial sectional views through a processing cell and a discharge cell of the device of FIGS. 1 to 3 , with different positions of the closing device of FIG. 4 ;

FIG. 6

a partial perspective sectional view of a known device; and

FIG. 7

a sectional view along line DD of FIG. 6 ,

A drying device according to the invention represents a further development of with respect to FIGS. 6 and 7 described device 1, wherein like parts are identified by the same reference numerals and will not be described again in the connection. More specifically, the drying device 1 according to the invention differs, as in the FIGS. 1 to 3 is shown in different partial perspective sectional views of the known drying device 1 of FIGS. 6 and 7 essentially by a locking device 40, which is described in detail in FIG FIG. 4 is shown.

The locking device 40 comprises according to FIG. 4 a shaft 41 for connecting two shutter members 42a, 42b with a drive means 43. The shutter members 42a, 42b are arranged in cross section on a circle concentric with the shaft 41, evenly distributed along the circle so as to face each other as it were lie.

As FIG. 1 2, the drive device 43 of the closure device 40 is arranged outside the outer skin 3 of the drying device 1, while the closure elements 42a, 42b are rotatably arranged in the discharge cell 17 via the shaft 41. The dispensing cell 17, which has no distributor bottom, is not immediately adjacent to the one in the region of the closure members 42a, 42b FIG. 1 uniquely presented, so to speak last processing cell 16 with distributor plate (not shown) arranged, such as in FIG. 3 can be seen, with respect to the position of the inflow floor on the Figure 5a - 5c is referenced. Rather, it can be in the FIGS. 1 to 3 clearly recognize that between the processing cell 16 and the discharge cell 17 is a gap, which is called in the connection for reasons later explained in more detail loosening space 19, is arranged. For this purpose, a boundary wall 19b is mounted on the wall 8a between said processing cell 16 and the discharge cell 17 in the region of the opening 8b, which is a recess of the wall 8a at the end facing the inflow bottom, so that the loosening space 19 via the opening 8b with said Processing cell 16 and via a further opening 19 a to the discharge cell 17 is connected. The loosening space 19 is bounded above and laterally by the boundary wall 19b and down through the distributor plate, see in particular the FIGS. 5a to 5c ,

The opening 19a of the loosening space 19 is closable via one of the closure members 42a, 42b, as in the example of FIG FIG. 2 shown. However, if none of the shutter members 42a, 42b is disposed in front of the opening 19a, such as in Figs FIGS. 1 or 3 shown, particulate materials from said processing cell 16 can pass through the loosening space 19 in the discharge cell 17, from which they are then brought out via a conveyor 30, namely in the region of an opening 17 a, the best in FIG. 1 is shown.

The operation of the drying apparatus 1 will be described below with reference to FIGS FIGS. 5a to 5c explains:

Is constantly a mixture of particulate materials in the process chamber 20, more precisely in the entry cell 15 in the process chamber 20, introduced and simultaneously a fluidizing agent, for example in the form of heated in the superheater 6 and the fan wheel in the bottom 5 through openings in the distributor plate 7 from below to blown-up steam, introduced into the process space 20, so a fluidized bed in the process chamber 20 is built up, and with it a fluidized bed differential pressure. This fluidized bed differential pressure is proportional to the amount of particulate materials in the fluidized bed. The driving force for the transport of material from the entry cell 15 to the discharge cell 17 consists in a permanent fluidized bed differential pressure difference, which adjusts in a continuous operation of the drying device 1 from the entry to the discharge out. The transport of material in this case runs from the entry cell 15 via the processing cells 16 in the discharge cell 17, through openings in the partitions 8, such as the opening 8b in the partition wall 8a between the last processing cell 16 with distributor plate 7 and the discharge cell 17 without distributor plate. 7 In order to ensure stationary process conditions in the fluidized bed with approximately constant filling and product residence time, materials must be able to flow out of the fluidized bed in accordance with the inflow of the materials, that is, they can leave the drying apparatus 1 through the opening 17a. This can be done in different ways.

Before the leakage of materials is described in more detail, it should be noted that in the case of closure of the opening 19a of the loosening space 19 by the closure member 42a, as in FIG. 5a is shown, due to the inclination of the ceiling portion of the boundary wall 19b of the opening 19a of the loosening space 19 to the opening 8b in the wall 8a, and up, it is ensured that a entering through the inflow tray 7 in the loosening space 19 fluidizing means along the arrow B enters the processing cell 16 with the distributor plate 7 and thus in the closed state of the loosening space 19 a permanent solids movement is ensured in front of the closure member 42a. Therefore, loosening of the particulate materials actually takes place in the loosening space 19, which prevents particularly coarse product particles from forming during a longer closing phase, for example by agglomeration, which can then no longer be discharged from the process space 20, but rather to a blockage in the loosening space 9 would lead. In the following, three variants of the discharge of material from the process space via the opening 17a are described:

First variant

The closure member 42a is made of the in FIG. 5a shown closing position in the in FIG. 5b rotated opening position, in a clockwise direction. This direction of rotation is important because it ensures that the closure member 42a sweeps past the opening 19a from bottom to top, so that coarser parts do not lead to jamming between the closure member 42a on the one hand and the wall 8a and / or the outlet bottom 7 on the other hand.

In the FIG. 5b shown complete release of the opening 19a then causes even coarser parts are discharged by an intensive momentum exchange with the rest of the fluidizing solid in the fluidized bed from the loosening space 19. The driving force for this transport effect supplies the fluidized bed differential pressure, which also approximately between the loosening space 19 and the discharge cell 17 prevails.

After a fixed opening time, the closure member 42b is then returned to its closed position and remains there for a fixed period of time. The speed of the rotary movement must be so great that the fluidized bed in front of the discharge cell 17 is not depleted of solid by a too long opening time of the loosening space 19. A speed of 10 to 20 revolutions per minute is desirable.

On the shaft 41 a plurality of closure members may be appropriate to influence the opening times.

If the flow of product from the processing cell 16 into the dispensing cell 17 becomes too great, one of the closure members 42a, 42b may also be rotated to an only partially open position, see for example FIG. 5c , and stay in this position.

The duration of the closed as well as the open state of the loosening space 19 is to be regulated as a function of a fluidized bed differential pressure. This is measured via two pressure sensors 44a, 44b, wherein the one pressure sensor 44a above the fluidized bed and the other pressure sensor 44b, as already the Figures 1-3 removable, within the fluidized bed in the immediate vicinity of the Ausströmboden 7 of the processing cell 16 is arranged.

The individual positions of the closure members 42a and 42b are targeted by the drive means 43, which may comprise a geared motor with positioner.

To facilitate the discharge of the particulate material from the discharge cell 17, the conveyor 30 may be used.

Second variant

The closure member 42a may, as in FIG. 5c shown in a partially open position, in which the lower edge of the closure member 42 a is above the lower edge of the opening 19 a of the loosening space 19. Due to the opening of the loosening space 19 thus given, particulate materials can pass from the processing cell 16 into the discharge cell 17 after passing through the loosening space 19, the quantity of which can be regulated as a function of a detected fluidized bed differential pressure by changing the position of the closure member 42a.

To prevent clogging of the loosening space 19 by coarse particles, the closure member 42a can fully release the opening 19a for a short period of time, as in FIG FIG. 5b shown, namely to allow the discharge of any existing coarse particles. In the case of a complete opening of the opening 19a, a kind of "cleaning" of the loosening space 19 and therefore also in the fluidized bed present in its partial closing position before the closure member 42a takes place.

If during the rotational movement of the closure member 42a to close the opening 19a occur a torque exceeding a predetermined maximum value in a clockwise rotation, the rotational movement can also take place counterclockwise. This measure may also be used for removal trapped particles between the closure member 42a and the edges of the opening 19a of the loosening space 19th

The required rotational movement of the closure members 42a, 42b also depends on the number of closure members.

Third variant

Through a further opening 8c in the wall 8a between the processing cell 16 and the discharge cell 17, which is only in FIG. 1 is clearly visible, it is possible to let particulate materials flow directly from the processing cell 16 into the discharge cell 17, namely above the loosening space 19. For this purpose, the fluidized bed must reach within the processing cell 16 at least to the lower edge of the opening 8c.

If the opening 8c is located in the region of the nominal fluidized bed height, it acts as a stationary weir, which allows particulate materials to enter the discharge cell 17 from the processing cell 16.

Combining a particle transport via the opening 8c with a transport through the loosening space 19, either according to the first variant or according to the second variant, then flows through the loosening space 19 substantially coarsely particulate materials, which serves to improve the controlled fluidization.

The features disclosed in the foregoing description, in the drawings and in the claims may be essential both individually and in any combination for the realization of the invention in its various embodiments.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

drying device

2

container

3

shell

4

frame

5

Floor with fan wheel

6

superheater

7

Inlet floor

8th

wall

8a

wall

8b

opening

8c

opening

9

swirl blade

10

Transition area

11

Additional swirl blade

12

dust collector

13

Return blade

14

outlet pipe

14a

opening

15

charge cell

16

processing cell

17

discharge cell

17a

opening

18

Zwischenheizwand

19

loosening space

19a

opening

19b

boundary wall

20

process space

30

Conveyor

40

closing device

41

wave

42a, 42b

closure member

43

driving means

44a, 44b

pressure sensor

A, B, B ', C, C'

flow direction

d

direction of rotation

Claims (22)

Device for removing at least fluids from a mixture of particulate materials with a container comprising an annular process chamber with a cylindrical outer contour, with an introduction device for introducing a mixture of particulate materials into the process space, with an outlet device for discharging the at least partially released fluids particulate materials from the process space, with a supply device for supplying a fluidizing agent from below into the process space and with at least one conditioning device for processing, in particular heating, of the fluidizing agent in the flow direction in front of the feed device, wherein up to n walls and in the vertical direction extending in the process space n cells are provided, with n ∈

a first cell is operatively connected to the insertion means, an nth cell is operatively connected to the discharge means, the n cells are open at their upper ends, the first (n-1) cells are from below through a bottom provided with first openings can flow through the fluidizing agent, and the walls between the n cells, from the first to the n-th cell, each having at least one second opening for a passage of particulate materials. characterized in that
on the wall between the (n-1) -th cell and the n-th cell, at least one boundary wall for delimiting a gap between the (n-1) -th cell and the n-th cell is mounted or attachable, the gap via the second opening in the wall between the (n-1) -th cell and the n-th cell, which is in particular in the form of a recess on the bottom-facing side of said wall, with the (n-1) -th Cell is connected, the intermediate space via at least a third opening which is formed in particular in the form of a recess of the boundary wall on the ground-facing side of the boundary wall, with the n-th cell, the gap on the boundary wall at its upper, the Bottom opposite end and laterally closed and from below through first openings in the bottom of the fluidizing means can be flowed through, and the third opening by at least one closure member of the discharge device at least temporarily at least partially closed or opened. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that
the closure member is movable via a drive device of the discharge device, preferably regulated, in particular in dependence on output data of at least one sensor. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that
in the first (n-1) cells (15, 16) and the space (19) a fluidized bed of the particulate material is generated by the fluidizing means, and the sensor (44a, 44b) measures at least one characteristic size of the fluidized bed, preferably there is no fluidized bed in the nth cell (17). Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that
a differential pressure of the fluidized bed can be detected via the sensor (44a, 44b), preferably by means of a first sensor (44b) within the fluidized bed and a second sensor (44a) outside, especially above, the fluidized bed, in particular in the (n-1) - th cell (16). Device according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that
the drive device (43) comprises at least one motor, such as a gear motor or stepper motor, preferably with a positioner for positioning the closure member, and / or
the closure member (42a, 42b) is connected via a shaft (41) to a motor of the drive means (43). Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that
the closure member (42a, 42b) has a to the shaft (41) coaxially arranged circular segment cross-section. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two closure members (42a, 42b) are provided, wherein preferably the closure members (42a, 42b) evenly distributed on a concentric circle around the shaft (41) are arranged around. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each closure member (42a, 42b) is movable from bottom to top along the third opening (19a), preferably on a circular arc. Device according to one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that
each closure member (42a, 42b) in the nth cell (17) and associated drive means (43) are disposed outside the container (2) such that the shaft (41) is interposed between the drive means (43) and the closure member (43). 42a, 42b) passes through the outer contour (3) of the container (2). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the boundary wall, in particular a ceiling part thereof, at the upper end of the gap from the third opening to the second opening in the wall between the (n-1) -th cell and the n-th Cell extends, preferably inclined upwards and / or bent. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the discharge device (30, 40) comprises a conveying device (30) which extends at least partially in the n-th cell (17). Device according to one of the appending claims, characterized in that the discharge device comprises a frequency converter. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the wall between the (n-1) -th cell and the n-th cell at least a fourth opening above the second opening is arranged, so that above the gap particulate material from the (n-1) th cell can enter the nth cell. Apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that
the fourth opening (8c) is at least partially closed at least temporarily, preferably by a further closure member of the discharge device. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by
a wall between the nth cell and the first cell, this wall having no opening. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the n cells (15, 16, 17) are arranged concentrically around the processing device, preferably comprising a superheater (6). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that above the walls swirl vanes are arranged, which are inclined or curved in the flow direction of the particulate materials from the first cell to the n-th cell, wherein the outer diameter of the swirl vanes is not greater than the outer diameter of the Walls is and the swirl vanes are surrounded by an outer shell that does not protrude radially beyond the outer shell that surrounds the walls. Method for removing at least fluids from a mixture of particulate materials in a device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
the residence time of the particulate materials in the process space of the device is determined as a function of a fluidized bed differential pressure in the process space. A method according to claim 18, characterized in that
for discharging the at least partially at least partially freed particulate materials from the process space of each third opening closing closure member is first rotated from its respective closed position into a third opening, preferably completely releasing opening position, preferably at the third opening from bottom to top over stroking , and then the closure member is held in the open position for a first predetermined period of time. A method according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that
for discharging the at least partially at least partially freed particulate materials from the process space, each closure member is first brought to a stationary state for a second predetermined period of time in which the third opening is partially opened, and at least once during the second predetermined period of time for a third one Period of time, the third opening further open, in particular completely open, is, preferably for at least partially opening the third opening, at least one closure member is moved from bottom to top at the third opening. A method according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that
for at least partially closing the third opening, preferably as a function of the first, second and / or third time duration, initially at least one closure member closes the third opening either from top to bottom or from bottom to top. Method according to one of claims 18 or 21, characterized in that
the process space is filled with a mixture of particulate materials and a fluidizing agent is supplied to the process space in such a way that at least in the (n-1) -th cell the fluidized bed builds up at least up to the fourth opening.

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