EP2031970A2

EP2031970A2 - Preparation for improving the constitution of plants

Info

Publication number: EP2031970A2
Application number: EP07785531A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Iradj Scharafat
Original assignee: Tilco Biochemie GmbH
Current assignee: Tilco Biochemie GmbH
Priority date: 2006-06-26
Filing date: 2007-06-11
Publication date: 2009-03-11
Also published as: DE112007001999A5; WO2008000214A3; WO2008000214A2

Abstract

Disclosed is a preparation for improving the constitution of plants. Said preparation comprises a first component and a second component that is different from the first component. The first component contains at least one organic substance while the second component contains at least one inorganic substance. The first component contains a substance, at least some areas of which have a molecular structure resembling that of betaine.

Description

Preparation for constitutional improvement of plants

The invention relates to a preparation for improving the constitution of plants which has a first component and a second component which is different from the first component and in which the first component contains at least one organic substance and the second component contains at least one inorganic substance.

Such preparations are already known and achieve good results in many applications. In a number of applications, however, the effect is still unsatisfactory and generally the required product levels are perceived as too high.

The object of the present invention is therefore to improve a preparation of the aforementioned type such that a comprehensive increased effectiveness is achieved.

This object is achieved in that in the first component, a substance is contained, which has at least partially a betaine at least similar molecular structure.

According to the invention it has been recognized that the at least similar molecular structure to betaine leads to a significant increase in efficacy. The corresponding substance has the effect of an inducer or a transfer substance. Typically, the substance is combined with a second application-specific component. Such an inducer stimulates the plant to produce its own substance from antibodies.

The production of betaine, choline or betaine-based substances can be made synthetically or based on natural starting materials. In particular, it has been found that inexpensive production based on vinasse can occur. Vinasse is typically present as an extract and has the extract composition explained in more detail below.

In addition to sucrose, the extract contains a large number of solid, as well as colloidally and ionically dissolved non-sucrose substances with very different properties. They are either extracted from the sugar beets in the context of extract extraction or formed from the beet ingredients during extract extraction by chemical, microbiological and enzymatic processes. A large proportion of the nonsugar substances can be extracted faster than sucrose during extract extraction. These substances may undergo undesirable reactions under certain conditions. The available nonsugar substances in the extract have different effects on the quality characteristics of the intermediates and of the purified extract. Table 1 shows the important properties of the non-sucrose substances of the extract in the extract purification.

In particular, Table 1 describes non-sucrose substances in the extract and their properties in an aqueous solution. The following are keywords such substances and associated properties listed.

- Cell wall components: pectin, lignin, cellulose soluble or colloidally dissolved. These substances cause deposits on evaporation, increase the viscosity.

- Protein betaine, enzymes soluble or colloidally dissolved. Surface formation on heating and evaporation.

- Alkali ions Na +, K +. These substances increase the saccharose property during crystallization

- alkaline earth ions Mg ++, Ca ++. These substances cause deposits on evaporation.

- organic acids lactate, citrate, oxalate. These substances cause deposit formation, pH (20 ⁰ C) * 6, promote sucrose hydrolysis on heating.

- inorganic acids sulphate, phosphate. These substances cause deposit formation, pH (20 ⁰ C) ^Ä 6, promote sucrose hydrolysis on heating.

-reducing sugars D-glucose, D-fructose. These substances are converted to dyes and acids when heated. - Amide glutamine, asparagine are converted by heating to ammonia and acids.

The sucrose content of the extract depends on the sucrose content of the sugar beet and the extraction guide and is between 12% and 18% a. R. The purity of the extract in normal extract is between 85% and 91% and has a pH between 5.8 and 6.3. The beet extract is a dispersed system in which heterogeneous particles are suspended. The continuous phase consists of sucrose solution and the disperse phase consists of particle structures high molecular weight components, especially protein body, nucleoproteins, hemicellulose, polysaccharides, dyes and pectin. The high-molecular components of the extract exert a great influence on the flow behavior of the extract. The viscosity of beet extracts is influenced by the amount and type of high molecular weight non-sucrose substances. These colloids are also responsible for further structure formation and structure changes in extract purification that allow measurable changes for novel rheological detection of extract purification. In the turnip extract u. a. colloidal protein and pectin and in frost-damaged turnips dissolved polysaccharides such as dextran and levan in larger quantities.

The nitrogen compounds of sugar beets are of the order of 1.0-1.2%. The nitrogen-containing organic substances are z. As proteins, amino acid, amides, purine, pyrimidine, ammonium, organically bound nitrates and nitrites. More than half of the nitrogen-containing components in sugar beets consist of protein substances (about 0.4 - 0.7%), of which At 0.14-0.73%, tain represents the largest proportion of proteins specific for the composition in sugar beet.

Protein substances consist of amino acids, which are protected by different bonds, such. As covalent bond, electrostatic bond, hydrogen bond and Van der Waals bond are linked together. Proteins of the extract are hydrophilic high-molecular, complicated compounds that can be hydrated by hydrogen bonding with water. This water is called hydration shell and causes an increase in the protein volume by a multiple. The macromolecules of the protein are in principle polypeptide chains, of which two forms are possible: spherical and linear protein molecules. In the linear protein molecules, the chains are formed in the form of long bundles. In the case of globular proteins, the chains form spirals that assemble into spherical balls. The proteins are generally spherical in their native form. The conformation of the native macromolecule is destroyed when denatured by thermal or chemical agents. In this case, the chain, which is folded several times in the spherical colloid, unrolled and causes a formation as a linear shape of the molecule.

Sugar beet proteins are the most important constituent of the protoplasm and the cell wall, which also occur in the cell juice of sugar beet. More than 25% of the total sugar beet proteins are extracted in beet extract, depending on the extraction temperature and duration. The proteins of the extract can be obtained either by strong acidification at a pH of 3.5, in the process of sugar production because of the great influence is not relevant to the sucrose degradation reaction (hydrolysis) or precipitates via alkalization (liming) by means of dehydration and flocculation at an optimum pH value end point of the preliming together with the pectin substances.

Betaine (trimethylglycine) is one of the main components of the sugar beet water-soluble nitrogen compounds, which is concentrated in the young, intensely growing sugar beet tissue. The biosynthesis of betaine occurs predominantly in the leaves, where a significantly higher betaine content is detected. The betaine content increases under salt and dry stress. In adult sugar beet, the betaine content is 0.14 - 0.73%, ie. H. 0,6 - 1,6 g / 100 g TS. The proportion of betaine nitrogen content in the total nitrogen content of the turnip is 14-20% and makes up 25-32% of the soluble nitrogen fraction of the turnip. Betaine is chemically very stable. Therefore, the conventional extract purification method is unable to remove the betaine from the extract. Betaine remains unchanged in thick juice, and there is an accumulation in the syrups of the sugar house up to 3 g / 100 g TS, and in the molasses up to 8 g / 100 g TS instead.

The proportion of total nitrogen in the molasses can be 33 - 42%. Therefore, one calls betaine as "molasses" or "harmful nitrogen compound". Betaine causes a decrease in the saccharosensitivity in the water and has a significant negative impact on the crystallization rate of the sucrose.

The pectin content of the beets is between 1 and 2% ie approx. 25 - 30 g / 100 g DM of the extracted cut zel. The pectin content of the beet extract varies between 0.1-0.8 g / 100 g TS, according to different authors. Pectin is the second high-molecular-weight constituent of the extract, in addition to the protein, which is of great importance for the occurrence of a flocculation point in preliming. The building block of the actual pectin is D-galacturonic acid. This is linked in pectin ^a -1, 4-glycosidically to a polygalacturonic acid chain.

Pectins are macromolecules with a relative molecular weight between 15,000 and 70,000. The pectin substances are five different structures. They are pectinic acid, pectates, pectin, pectinates and protopectin. The pectin content of the extract is dependent on beet conditions, extraction conditions such as temperature, pH, duration of stay, chippings properties and the pressure water treatment. The carboxyl groups of pectin are esterified with about 55% methanol. In beet pectin, 4% of the carboxyl groups are esterified with ethanol. In some pectins, the secondary hydroxyl groups (OH groups 2 or 3 of the polygalacturonic acid) are additionally partially esterified with acetic acid. The acetyl content of beet pectin is between 5 and 6%. In addition, L-arabanose, D-galactose, L-rhamnose and ferulic acid occur together with the pectin (van der Poel et al., 2000). Figure 1 shows the structure of a pectin chain. O H O

OH HHC = O OCH3

O

H

HO

O

H

O

OH

H

C = O

OCH3

H

O C

O

CH3

O

H

O

OH

H

C = O

O

H

HO

1

2

3

4 5

6 Fig. 1: Structure of a pectin chain

In the alkaline medium, pectin is saponified to a calcium pectate which is difficult to dissolve in water. The pectin content of the extract has a negative influence on the crystallization of the CaCO3 crystals during the 1st carbonation and the filterability of the resulting calcium carbonate suspension of the 1st carbonation.

Dextran is a high molecular weight polysaccharide, which can be formed in the beets mainly as a metabolite of the hetero-fermentative lactic acid bacteria of the genus Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Leuconostoc dextranicum of the exo-enzyme dextran sucrase.

Table 2 shows the dextran and lava content of the extract and the purified extract from normal and frost damaged sugar beet.

In particular, Table 2 shows the levan and dextran contents of the extract and of the purified extract from normal and frost-damaged sugar beet. The individual components, units, extract, purified extract, dextran content mg / kg 3 - 46 1 - 4 33 - 1060 25 - 303, Levels mg / kg 19 - 94 1 - 4 240 - 800 140 - 357.

For dextran formation one differentiates the three following phases:

a. The bacterial cell divides, the dextran sucrase is released and enters the medium, b. the sucrose is split,

c. enzymatic transfer leads to dextran in the polymerization of glucose units.

The dextranes are configured by means of a branched chain of glucose molecules with ^a -1.6 in the main chain and ^a - 1.4 in the backbone (branches in C3 and C4 positions).

Figure 2 shows the structure of a dextran chain (van der Poel et al., 2000).

OH

H

OH

H

OH

H

CH2

HO

H

O

H

OH

H

OH

H

CH2

HO

H

0 O

H

OH

H

O H

H

CH2

HO

H

O

H

OH

H

OH

H

CH2

HO

H

O

O n

1

2

3 4

5

6

1

2

3 4

5

6

1

2 3 4

5

6

1

2

3 4

5

6

O

HO

OH

H

CH2 OH

H

OH

H m

Fig. 2: Dextran molecules of Leuconostoc mesanterides

The dextran molecule has a filamentary structure with a molecular weight that may range from a few thousand to several millions, depending on the length of the main chain and the number of branches. Some dextranes isolated from sugar beets have a specific rotation> - ^a ^ ≤20 of 200 ° A warm weather after a frosty season thaws the frozen beets, and the microorganisms can invade and multiply in the frost-damaged beet tissue. They form slimy substances, which mainly consist of dextran and levan (polysaccharide from fructose molecules). These polysaccharides are readily soluble in hot water and extract them. during the extraction process in the extraction water. They are responsible for the known processing difficulties, in particular for the filtration capacity of the calcium carbonate suspension of the 1st or 2nd carbonation in the frost campaigns.

The invention relates to preparations such. B. from vinasse (in sugar production from sugar beet) in combination and in conjunction with organic and / or inorganic compounds for increasing the resistance of the plants against fungal diseases, to improve the evaporation protection and optimal nutrition of the plants with nutrients that at least a first component and a second component different from the first component, and in which the second component is a compound from the group of the phosphates, the polyphosphates, the phosphites, the phosphonates, the polyphosphoric acid, the salts of polyphosphoric acid, Phosphoric acid, phosphoric acid and salts of phosphorus acid and phosphoric acid, nitrogen salts of ammonium, nitrites, nitrates, amides, amines, urea compounds, methylurea and ammonia, ammonium hydroxide, nitric acid and its salts, potassium, potassium salts Potassium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, Potassium salts, potassium nitrate , Potassium sulphate, potassium thiosulphate, ammonium thiosulphate (also other thiosulphates), potassium sulphide, ammonium sulphide, potassium chloride, potassium magnesium salts, magnesium salts, magnesium sulphate, magnesium nitrate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium and calcium carbonate, ferrous sulphate divalent and trivalent, iron chloride, Ferric nitrate, iron carbonate, realized, and in which the first component contains organic compounds containing at least one part (Vinasse from Z beets, or synthetic betaine and its compounds) from at least one or a plurality of amino acids (proteins), betaine, amides, pectins, dextranes, as well as a part of at least one algae flour extract undigested or (and) digested algae flours (with sodium oxide, hydroxide, carbonates or and other salts or potassium oxide, hydroxide , carbonates or other salts or alkali metals treated and digested), sulfur, sulfuric acid, sulfur salts, iron sulfate, iron chloride, iron carbonate, calcium, calcium oxide, hydroxide, carbonate, nitrate, phosphate.

Known such preparations are used individually and mixed to improve the nutrient requirements of crops and the soil or to improve the air, water and nutrient storage capacity of the soil. The known preparations generally have a specific effect and the requirements for efficacy against diseases with good nutrient supply can not be met.

In particular, it is contemplated that a use by application as granules, paste or liquid is provided and that in the organic component vinasse from sugar beets, or synthetic betaine and its compounds [and algal material (brown algae, red algae of all kinds) or laminarin and similar substances that are not absolutely necessary] are included.

The above component combinations may additionally be mixed with known and practical fertilizers to achieve a broader and / or longer effect.

The preparations can be formulated as solid and liquid spraying, spraying or granulating agents. In addition, the preparations can also be realized as a paste for brushing and as a solid formulation for spreading.

As an example, the following compounds and salts are mentioned:

As a component of the preparation, it is possible to use liquid and solid natural or synthetic organic or inorganic compounds and mixtures which bring about a resistance of the plants to fungal diseases, an increased growth and improvement of the health of the plants and / or increase in yield and better quality.

For example:

(a) Betaine (natural or synthetic) or as a vine from various manufacturing processes in raw or processed sugar beet and of various kinds and of various origins. b) Vinasse and betaine (and its compounds) from liquid, granules and pastes in all kinds of presentations such as foliar fertilizers, growth promoters, plant strengthening agents, soil fertilizer and soil improvers, etc. c) alginate, pectinate and other polysaccharide salts such as Na, Ca ₁ Cu, K, Mg, Mn, Fe, NH4, etc. d) Proteins (amino acids) individually or in mixtures of animal, vegetable or synthetic origin. e) sugars and polysaccharides such as molasses or sugar-containing extracts and substances. f) Products from plant material, brew, porridge, extracts etc. g) Organic and inorganic materials such as farmyard manure, compost, worm humus, organic and inorganic fertilizers, trace elements, soil improvers, structure improvers, clay minerals, sands, silicon, colloid formers, slow-release formulation auxiliaries, synthetic organic and inorganic substances, and soils. h) peat, humus and humic acid from brown and hard coal.

As a second component, acids, bases and their organic and inorganic salts, sulfur, sulfuric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphorus, phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, chlorine, potassium, potassium hydroxide, potassium oxide, hydroxide, sodium, sodium oxide, hydroxide, Sodium hydroxide, calcium, calcium lye, ammonia, ammonium lye, which have a fertilizing effect and resistance-promoting properties are used.

For example:

a) Phosphoric acid H3PO4 aa) Calcium phosphate Ca3 (PO4) 2 ab) Calcium monophosphate CaHP04 ac) Calcium diphosphate Ca (H2PO4) 2 ad) Trifocal calcium phosphate af) Potassium phosphate K3PO4 ag) Monopotassium phosphate KH2PO4 ah) Dipotassium phosphate K2HPO4 ai) Tetrapotassium phosphate K4P2O7 aj) Potassium polyphosphate ak) Sodium phosphate Na3PO4 , al) monosodium phosphate NaH 2 PO 4 a) sodium polyphosphate b) phosphorous acid H3PO3 ba) phosphorous acid and the salts c) sulfur S ca) sulfuric acid H2SO4 cb) sulfates CaSO4, MgSO4, K2SO4, NH4SO4, CUSO4, ZnSO4, FeSO4 (II and III-valent) cd) sulfites, sulfides and thiosulfates K2S2O3, NH4) 2S2O3, NH4) 2S, K2S, H2S e) nitric acid HNO3 ea) potassium nitrate KNO3 eb) sodium nitrate NaN03 ec) calcium nitrate CaNO3) 2 ed) ammonium nitrate NH4NO3 ef) ammonium sulfate NH4 ) 2SO4 eg) Ammonium carbonate NH4) 2CO3 ef) Ammonium phosphate NH4) 3PO4 ei) Monoammonium phosphate NH4H2PO4 ej) Diammonium phosphate NH4) 2HPO4

f) Magnesium oxide MgO fa) Magnesium hydroxide Mg (OH) 2 fb) Magnesium sulphate MgSO4 fc) Magnesium nitrate MgNO3) 2 fd) Magnesium carbonate MgCO3 ff) Magnesium phosphate MgHPO4

g ⁾ calcium oxide CaO ga) calcium hydroxide Ca (OH) 2 gb) calcium carbonate CaCO3 gc) calcium nitrate CaNO3 gd) calcium sulfate CaSO4 ge) calcium phosphate Ca) 3PO4) 2, CaHPO4, Ca2H2PO4

In summary, some essential properties are summarized below.

Origin of betaine:

Of course, e.g. Beets, beetroot, cane sugar or other plant species, extracts of molasses, vinasse, syrup, (microbial, chemically or physically digested), or manufactured synthetically.

additives:

Formulation with organic (eg laminarin and glucosides) or inorganic substances, such as phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, salts of phosphoric acid and phosphorous acids (K, Na, NH4, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Al, etc.) phosphates , Pyrophosphates, also polyphosphates and phosphites, pyrophosphites and polyphosphites. Sulfur, sulfuric acid, sulfurous acid and its salts, such as sulfates, sulfites, thiosulfates. Nitric acid, nitrates and nitrites. Hydrochloric acid and its salts.

Formulating agents such as emulsifiers, wetting agents, adhesives, suspending agents. Granulating substances such as kaolin or diatomaceous earth or organic substances, algins, pectinates, seaweed extracts (digested or cold-pressed), herbal extracts: stinging nettle, horsetail, humic acids, minerals (eg montmorillonite), compost, manure, grains, yeast, other plant residues, Silica, rock flour and other additives, amino acids, polysaccharides, sugars, honey, microorganisms for activation and import into the cells. Effect:

Inductor against fungal diseases

Induced resistance (PR1, PR5, PR9 increase) peroxidase, gluconase increase in the plant.

The effectiveness results from the experiments described below. The attached tables summarize characteristic data for the examples below. They show in detail:

Effect of the first components

The effect of the vinasse (sugar beets or other land plants with betaine and proteins), with and without algae extracts and P-, PK-, NPK salts, on the (resistance), PRI (protein) in the cell is not known.

Effect of the second components

The effect of acids and salts of phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese and trace nutrients on the plants is also known as fertilizer, not known are the combinations with vinasse [betaine (synthetic and natural) and proteins] against the diseases on the plant.

Effect of the combination products:

Salts, acids and or bases of phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen, magnesium, iron, sulfur effects on soil and plants. The mixtures of the abovementioned compounds, 1: 1 parts with vinasse from sugar beet lead to induced resistance (PRI formation) of the plants to diseases of the individual substances and are more effective than vinasse without addition. The leaves of the plants are thicker, stronger, darker greener, healthier, less infested with plant diseases, such as mildew, and more sustainable in growth than all varieties. The deciding factor is that the resistance strength increases as a result of PRl formation of the plants, with good growth of the plants.

Application rate:

The vinasse (betaine, betaine compounds and other proteins and ingredients) may contain in any amount and form a content of phosphorus (P2O5) of 2 to 50%, nitrogen (N) of 2 to 46% potassium (K2O) of 2 to 50% and sulfur 2 to 30%.

Results:

Test series 1:

Application on the tobacco leaf

PRI education

No control

TT5 = Vinasse + NPK + Algae Extract Positive

E. Algues + NPK = algae extract + NPK none

NPK = PK no

AA = Vinasse none

Product Tilco new = Vinasse + PK + Algae Extract Positive Test series 2:

Injection into cells of the tobacco leaf

PRI education

No control

TT5 = Vinasse + NPK + Algae Extract Positive

E. Algues + NPK = algae extract + NPK none

NPK = PK no

AA = Vinasse positive

Product Tilco new = Vinasse + PK + Algae Extract Positive

Trial 3:

Application to the tobacco leaf (variety Xanthui nc)

PRI education

No control

NPK + AA = NPK + Vinasse positive

E. Algues + NPK = algae extract + NPK none

E. Algues + AA = algae extract + vinasse none

E. Algues + AA + NPK = algae extract + vinasse + NPK positive

TT5 = Vinasse + NPK + Algae Extract Positive

Produit A = laminarin none

Produit A + Tribo (TTF5) positive

Produit B = laminarin no

Produit B + Tribo (TTF5) positive

Test series 4:

Application on the tobacco leaf (variety: Samsun H)

PRI education Control no ext. Algues = Algae extract no NPK = PK no AA = Vinasse low positive

NPK + AA = NPK + Vinasse positive

E. Algues + NPK = algae extract + NPK none

E. Algues + AA = algae extract + vinasse positive

E. Algues + AA + NPK = algae extract + vinasse + NPK positive

TT5 = Vinasse + NPK + Algae Extract Positive

Produit A + Tribo (TTF5) positive

The table clearly shows that the combinations of vinasse with NPK or PK or with laminarin bring about an improvement in the resistance of the plants to plant diseases. Vinasse alone or with algae extract does not cause PRI formation in the leaf.

While the resistance is not improved by NPK fertilizer and algae extract or laminarin, the combination with vinasse shows a clear effect, since the penetration of the components of the vinasse (betaine, proteins, etc.) into the plants to the protective mechanism of plants with PRI resistance substances ,

The products may be dispersed as granules or formulated as liquid spraying, spraying, pouring agents. They can also be formulated with aids that cause a slow-release effect.

With regard to the first components of the preparation, mixtures of seaweed extracts with vinasse and, in particular, proved to be suitable for spraying, pouring or dipping NPK as beneficial. The use of molasses and trace nutrients is also beneficial.

With regard to a dispensability of the preparations, in particular mixtures of granulated algae products proved to be advantageous. In addition, the use of clay minerals, fertilizers, or of trace nutrients or organic materials is successful. As organic materials are meant in particular humus, humic substances, composts and bark mulch.

When using salts as the second component of the preparation, the solubility and the rate of action can be influenced by the respective chemical composition of the salt. A long-term effect is supported by the addition of sodium, potassium, ammonium, calcium or their acids and alkalis. Spurennährelemente copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, etc. are advantageous for securing the nutrition of the plants. Proven all phosphite and phosphate compounds and sulfites have been found such. K- or NH4) 2S2O3 in the combination Vinasse with algae extracts, digested and undigested algae and other organic substances such as humic substances, molasses, vinasse, compost, etc.

With regard to the composition of the preparations it should be pointed out again that in particular an addition to Vinasse + NPK, Mg with polysaccharides in digested algae to a targeted resistance of the plants and to protect the nutrients from leaching and fixation and continuous dosing of nutrients the plants that promote the health of the plants and fertilize the soil. lends. In addition, acids, alkalis and salts which are formulated or granulated only in this composition with vinasee enhance plant tolerance.

The efficacy of the algal material used can be significantly improved by the process of digestion. The digestion of the algae material, for example in the form of algae flour, algae extracts and / or algae pastes, takes place by contact of the algae material with a digestion substance. Such a digestion substance can for example consist of sodium oxide, hydroxide, carbonate and / or other salts or potassium oxide, hydroxide, carbonate and / or other salts or alkali metals.

Such digestion preferably takes place in a moist state of the algae material after addition of water. Preferably, the digestion is carried out with compounds of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals, in particular of potassium, sodium, ammonium and / or magnesium. Particularly suitable compounds are oxides, hydroxides or carbonates. As a result of the digestion, a granulated product is preferably produced.

The process of digestion can be done for example in stirred tanks or in rotating drums. For example, it is intended to use rotating drums with a substantially horizontal or oblique axis of rotation. The process of digestion is preferably carried out gently with moderate mechanical stress on the algal material. Depending on the respective digestion result may be a slight temperature of the algae material and thus a heat supply of advantage.

With regard to the combination of betaine with phosphate and / or phosphite, it has been found that the phosphate leads to a linking of several betaine molecules. As a result, the effectiveness can be improved in certain applications. It has generally been found that betaine molecules have bipolar properties similar to water molecules. This assists penetration through the cell wall and facilitates the chaining of molecules. In general, it is expedient to carry out a combination of betaine with a second component in an application-specific manner.

An application of the preparation can be made via the soil, the roots of the plants, the stems or leaves of the plants and by injection into strains of the plants.

In addition to the already mentioned effectiveness of the preparation against fungal diseases there is also an improvement in the resistance of the plants to viruses, bacteria, insects and other animal pests, heat and dryness by a reduction in transpiration and improved resistance to general stress factors, such as cold or waterlogging.

Further additives which may be mentioned are the wetting agents, adhesives, oils, turpentine, lecithins, glycols and pH regulators. As an alternative to the above-mentioned uses of the preparation for constitutional improvement of plants, the invention also contemplates pharmaceutical or cosmetic applications. The applications can be internal and / or external. With regard to external applications, mention should be made in particular of an application against athlete's foot.

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Results 2006: Formation of PRI (resistance proteins in tobacco)

Algae extract + vinasse (amino acids, betaine) + NPK

Table 4

Results 2006: Formation of PRI (resistance proteins in tobacco)

Algae extract + vinasse (amino acids, betaine) + NPK

Claims

Patent claims

A preparation for improving the constitution of plants, which has a first component and a second component different from the first component and in which the first component contains at least one organic substance and the second component contains at least one inorganic substance, characterized in that in the first component Substance is contained, which at least partially has a betaine at least similar molecular structure.

2. A preparation according to claim 1, characterized in that the substance is betaine.

3. A preparation according to claim 1, characterized in that the substance is a betaine derivative.

4. A preparation according to claim 1, characterized in that the substance contains betaine as part of a mesomeric cyclic compound.

5. A preparation according to claim 1, characterized in that the substance is choline.

6. Preparation according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the substance is vinasse.

7. A preparation according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the substance is molasses.

8. A preparation according to claim 1, characterized in that the substance is mixed with vinasse.

9. A preparation according to claim 1, characterized in that the substance is synthesized.

10. A preparation according to claim 1, characterized in that a use for improving the resistance of plants is provided.

11. A preparation according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a use is provided as a fungicide.

12. A preparation according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that an application for nutrient supply of plants is provided.

13. A preparation according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that an application for improving the frost resistance of plants is provided.

14. A preparation according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that an application for regulating the water balance of plants is provided.

15. Preparation according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that there is a formation as granules.

16. A preparation according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that there is a formation as a paste.

17. Preparation according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that there is a formation as a liquid.

18. A preparation according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that at least one phosphorus compound is used as the inorganic component.

19. A preparation according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that at least one phosphor is used as the inorganic component.

20. A preparation according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that at least one phosphite is used as the inorganic component.

21. A preparation according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that at least one phosphate is used as the inorganic component.

22. A preparation according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that at least one amino acid is used as the organic component.

23. Preparation according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that an algae material is contained in the first component.

24. A preparation according to claim 23, characterized in that the algal material consists at least partially of brown algae.

25. A preparation according to claim 23, characterized in that the algal material consists at least partially of red algae.

26. A preparation according to any one of claims 23 to 25, characterized in that the algal material is digested.

27. A preparation according to any one of claims 1 to 26, characterized in that the first component contains a product of land plants.

28. A preparation according to any one of claims l to 27, characterized in that the first component contains at least one polysaccharide and betaine, betaine compounds, proteins from sugar beet or other plant species.

29. A preparation according to claim 28, characterized in that the polysaccharide from the group molasses, pectins, sugars and salts is realized.

30. A preparation according to any one of claims 1 to 29, characterized in that the first component contains a humus.

31. A preparation according to claim 30, characterized in that the humus is realized as a product from the group of humic substances, composts, bark mulch and wood chips.

32. Preparation according to one of claims 1 to 31, characterized in that the first component contains synthetic organic compounds.

33. A preparation according to any one of claims 1 to 32, characterized in that the first component contains components of aquatic plants.

34. A preparation according to any one of claims 1 to 33, characterized in that the first component contains components of sea water plants.

35. A preparation according to any one of claims 1 to 34, characterized in that the first component contains components of freshwater plants.

36. Preparation according to one of claims 1 to 35, characterized in that the first component contains a colloid.

37. A preparation according to any one of claims 1 to 36, characterized in that there is a use as pharmezeutisches preparation for human applications.

38. Preparation according to one of claims 1 to 36, characterized in that it is used as a pharmezeutisches preparation for veterinary applications.

39. Preparation according to one of claims 1 to 36, characterized in that an application for external applications to a living body is present.

40. A preparation according to any one of claims l to 36, characterized in that an application for internal applications to a living body is present.

41. Preparation according to one of claims 1 to 36, characterized in that it is used as a fungicide.