EP2008124A2 - Durchstrahlungsscanner - Google Patents
DurchstrahlungsscannerInfo
- Publication number
- EP2008124A2 EP2008124A2 EP07722209A EP07722209A EP2008124A2 EP 2008124 A2 EP2008124 A2 EP 2008124A2 EP 07722209 A EP07722209 A EP 07722209A EP 07722209 A EP07722209 A EP 07722209A EP 2008124 A2 EP2008124 A2 EP 2008124A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- radiation
- radiation source
- detectors
- scanner according
- detector
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V5/00—Prospecting or detecting by the use of ionising radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity
- G01V5/20—Detecting prohibited goods, e.g. weapons, explosives, hazardous substances, contraband or smuggled objects
- G01V5/22—Active interrogation, i.e. by irradiating objects or goods using external radiation sources, e.g. using gamma rays or cosmic rays
Definitions
- the invention relates to a transmission scanner.
- the invention relates to a transmission scanner for large objects, such as containers, railway carriages or trucks.
- EP 0 491 977 B1 shows a test system for loading a lorry, the wheels of the towing vehicle being lifted by a lift truck and the entire lorry being driven through the test system in this way.
- a radiation source is embedded in the ground and radiates vertically upward, with a corresponding detector being provided above, so that a lorry pulled through the beam path by means of the lift truck can be transilluminated.
- the radiation source must be arranged relatively deep below the support.
- DE 10 2005 055 129 A1 discloses a relatively complex construction in which a complete truck is transported by a tomograph.
- This approach is extremely time-consuming and especially in ports or conurbations.
- tainerbahnhöfen where several terminals or lorries have to be checked in one day at a trans-shipment center, are not feasible.
- the radiation source is temporarily arranged above the truck, whereby the complex construction, since then the detector arrangement is arranged under the truck, is conditional.
- US Pat. No. 6,542,580 B1 shows a detection frame in which the X-ray source is arranged at the top in the frame.
- the detectors are mounted in the side panels of the frame and in the bottom of the sensor system. Also in this embodiment, a relatively high height must be taken into account in order to capture an entire vehicle. Also, because of the arrangement of the detectors below the support, a complex carriage and roller system is required in order to be able to illuminate a motor vehicle.
- FR 2 808 088 A1 shows a mobile transom unit which is installed on a truck specially converted for this purpose.
- the measuring tunnel is defined by a gate swiveling away from the lorry.
- the gate consists of a post with detectors and a bar with detectors.
- a radiation source is positioned laterally of the truck. In this way, a complex substructure can be avoided.
- EP 1 635 169 A1 and US Pat. No. 6,843,599 B2 also disclose a transport truck with an erectable frame equipped with X-ray detectors. With an X-ray source on the unfolded part of the frame passing trucks are irradiated. The X-ray source is small and can be set up in different positions.
- X-ray source and detectors are arranged.
- the frame can be driven by a truck. It is brought as a whole flat on a transport truck to the place of use and upright there, where he on one side on a rail and on the other side on wheels. Even with this arrangement can be dispensed with a complex substructure.
- the invention is based on the object of providing a transmission scanner for large objects such as containers, railway carriages or trucks, with at least one laterally arranged radiation source and at least one detector between which rays can travel along a radiation path. which, while maintaining the relatively simple construction thereby resulting, provides very meaningful radiographic images.
- this object solves a transmission scanner for large objects such as containers, railway cars or trucks, with at least one laterally disposed radiation source and at least one detector, between which rays can travel along a beam path, as well as with a support for the large object, wherein the support is arranged within the beam path.
- the radiation source can not be an exactly punctiform radiation source, however In any case, however, this results in a geometry in which the radiation source is considerably smaller than a detection path along the detectors. Therefore, the geometry of the beam path in the plane of the radiation source and the detectors results as a radiation field. which is quite narrow at the radiation source and widens significantly towards the detectors.Usual expansion angles of the beam path are between about 35 ° (compare US Pat. No. 6,834,599 B2) and about 80 ° (compare EP 1 635 169 A1).
- the proposed first aspect of the invention it is possible to irradiate the entire large object and to check for illegal content.
- This refers in particular to very low-lying areas of the large object to be tested, such as the wheels of a truck, the base of a railway car or the footprint of a container.
- the wheels are not detected by the beam path.
- the radiation source is not arranged laterally.
- the beam path has at least one horizontal beam path, which is provided below the support. If the radiation source is arranged correspondingly low and the detectors also extend correspondingly deep, a horizontal beam path automatically results under the support. Accordingly, the support is in any case in the beam path, without the support would have to be set particularly high, and even without complex pedestal constructions as in EP 0 491 977 Bl or in DE 40 23 413 Al need.
- the radiation source is preferably arranged in and / or below a plane containing the support.
- this is based on a flat bearing surface, which seems reasonable because the large objects to be scanned are usually intended to stand on a flat surface, such as in the case of a truck on a road surface or in the case of a railway car on two Rails.
- the radiation source is actually arranged below the support plane.
- the whole large object can be irradiated with a beam path which deviates from the horizontal.
- Horizontal areas of the large object such as the floor panel of a truck, a railway car or a container can be well-lit in this way and do not lead to linear shadows in the shadow of the radiation.
- the support comprises a linear transport for the large objects or is designed as such. In both cases, the radiation source and / or the detectors can be formed stationary, and the large object can be transported linearly through the beam path.
- the radiation source and the detectors are linearly displaceable, preferably on rails.
- the paths of the radiation source and the detectors are precisely predetermined and known, which can lead to high-precision measurement results.
- a relocatable scanner and a linear transporting support do not have to be mutually exclusive. Rather, these two embodiments may result in simultaneous application to a highly compact structure of the transmission scanner.
- the beam path is provided outside of a building. Radiation source and the detectors can then travel arbitrarily long distances, for example, they can be moved along an entire train and scan this completely.
- the object solves a transmission scanner for large objects such as containers, railway carriages or trucks, with at least one radiation source and at least one detector, between which rays can travel along a beam path, and with a support for the large object, wherein the radiation source and at least one of the detectors are connected to each other via a bridge and are displaceable on rails by means of a separate drive.
- a "bridge” is understood to mean a construction which extends beyond the space which is intended to be passed by the testing large objects Scan room to the other side of the scan room enough.
- the radiation source and the detectors are connected by a stable bridge and can be displaced without external force as suggested, they can produce highly accurate images.
- particularly small impermissible objects can be detected in the large objects to be tested, since the beam path is extremely quiet and guided because of the method on rails.
- an unsupported radiation source as in EP 1 635 169 A1 can vibrate more easily if the scanner is moved as such.
- the detectors are mounted on a bridge which is fastened on the one hand to the stable carriage and on the other hand to an auxiliary carriage which is displaceable on exactly one rail. is gert. In this way one achieves with simple means a stable construction of the stable car with the radiation source, the bridge with the detectors and the auxiliary carriage. It saves with respect to the auxiliary car necessary space that this is performed on exactly one rail.
- the stated object solves a transmission scanner for large objects such as containers, railway cars or trucks, with at least one radiation source and at least one detector, between which rays can travel along a beam path, as well as with a support for the large object , wherein outside the scan volume a backup space for operators of the large object is provided, preferably structurally integrated with the transmission scanner.
- the scan volume describes the volume in which the beam path exists or which sweeps over the beam path. Even with very narrow detectors, this is never a plane in the mathematical sense, but only at best approximated to a plane. So it's a volume.
- this and / or a service room for service personnel of the scanner can be displaced together with the radiation source and / or the detector. This not only facilitates the construction or dismantling of the transmission scanner.
- the service personnel of the radiographic scanner can move along with the scanner during the scanning process. Should, for example, unevenness be run over in the course of the scanning process during its displacement movement, the service personnel will feel this by a slight jolt in the service room, whereby it may also be advantageous, independent of the other features of the present invention, to provide vibration sensors in the case of generic transmission scanners.
- the optical perspective from the service room to the scan volume always remains constant.
- the radiation source, the service area and the securing space are arranged together in a container movable on rails. This is a very cost-effective construction, which also manages with only one unit on the side of the radiation source.
- a running bridge which can be displaced with the fuse space be present between the bearing and the fuse space.
- Such a gangway first increases the convenience and safety for the operators of the large object and assists that the operators of the large object go to the security room. At the same time, this also increases the safety of the service personnel of the scanner, since it is quite predictable where on the premises the operator moves.
- the stated object solves a transmission scanner for large objects such as containers, railway carriages or trucks, especially when a backup space is provided, provided for the operator outside the beam path, a path around the radiation source through the fuse space therethrough is.
- the radiation source of the transmission scanner can only be activated when the operating personnel are in the safety area.
- a radiation hazard for the operating personnel can be safely ruled out.
- the operating personnel can also be easily held in the fuse space when an illegal object is actually found in the large object to be inspected.
- a securing space is preferably designed ball, shot and / or impact resistant. In this way, the service staff can be best protected.
- the stated object solves a transmission scanner for large objects, such as containers, railway carriages or trucks, with at least one radiation source and at least one detector, between which rays can travel along a beam path, and with a support for the Large object, if a self-sufficient power generator is provided.
- the stated object solves a transmission scanner for large objects, such as containers, railway carriages or trucks, having at least one radiation source and a plurality of detectors, wherein beams travel between the radiation source and the detectors along a beam path can be, as well as with a support for the large object, the detectors are arranged substantially along an arc, preferably along a circular arc.
- the detectors are displaceable perpendicular to the beam path together with the radiation source.
- the arrangement of the detectors in an arc around the radiation source leads to a considerable increase in the measurement accuracy over a linear arrangement, as is conventionally known. Also shadowing of the detectors against each other are at least largely avoided.
- the scanning system then requires a greater distance between the radiation source and the detectors, but for the detectors, the beams are already so attenuated that the overall arrangement of the system including radiation protection usually does not need to build larger.
- An arcuate arrangement can be achieved particularly simply by arranging the detectors on an arcuate frame, preferably on an arcuate frame.
- Such a frame achieves not only a structural simplification, but also a simple way of high stability and therefore a high image accuracy.
- the detectors are arranged in a plurality of respectively rectilinear detector strips, wherein the mid-perpendiculars of the detector strips are respectively aligned substantially with the radiation source, preferably with a deviation below 15 °. It will be appreciated that the more rectilinear detector bars are provided the more the arc is approximated and the shorter a detector bar is. [51] If the detectors are arranged in rectilinear detector strips, it is proposed that their centers are arranged substantially equidistant from the radiation source. As a result, a circular arc or at least a circular arc section can be approximated with simple means. Within the scope of the measurement accuracy deviations of less than 5% or preferably less than 1% with respect to the respective distance from the detector surface to the radiation source surface are recommended.
- the stated object solves a radiation scanner for large objects such as containers, railway carriages or trucks, with at least one radiation source and a plurality of detectors, wherein beams between the radiation source and the detectors along a beam path can run, as well with a support for the large object, with compensating means against thermal expansion being provided.
- Radiation scanners of the kind in question here must be able to work absolutely reliably under a wide variety of weather conditions.
- the temperature can fluctuate slightly between -40 ° C at night in winter and + 80 ° C during the day in direct sunlight in summer.
- the compensating means must therefore be technically characterized in that they pass on a movement of the suspension of the detectors only to a reduced extent, preferably as little as possible, to the detectors. Numerous more or less complicated structures are suitable for this purpose.
- the compensating means comprise detector rails which are provided on a frame and on which the detectors are displaceably arranged, wherein preferably spring means are provided, which are effective parallel to the detector rails on the detectors.
- spring means are provided, which are effective parallel to the detector rails on the detectors.
- the compensating means may be on a frame, in which case the detectors are preferably arranged in detector strips. This simplifies the construction of the entire detector system. In particular, the individual detectors do not each have to be equalized connected, but it already leads to good results, when in each case a detector bar is connected via a compensating means to the frame.
- the compensation means have temperature-stable spacers, for example a housing of the detector strips. In this way, the detectors move only a little, even if the frame works hard. Especially in conjunction with springs, this effect is easily recognizable in the event of temperature fluctuations.
- a one-piece spacer is strictly speaking always temperature-unstable, but even with a one-piece design, such an element can have a significantly lower thermal expansion than the frame, for example if it has a coefficient of thermal expansion which is at least one order of magnitude smaller as the effective heat expansion coefficient of the frame.
- the compensation means comprise a thermally insulating housing for the detectors or for the detector strips.
- a thermal insulation layer is provided which has a considerably lower density than the housing material itself, for example at least one density of one power of ten, especially three powers of ten, less than the density of the housing material .
- the housing may be formed of a sheet metal or of a hard plastic, while on the inside of the housing, a thermal insulation foam is present.
- any spacers need not be so strongly stabilized in terms of possible temperature fluctuations in each case as if no housing were available.
- the housing also provides protection for the detectors against other environmental influences.
- the stated object solves a radiation scanner for large objects, such as containers, railway carriages or trucks, with at least one radiation source and a plurality of detectors, wherein beams can travel between the radiation source and the detectors along a beam path, and with a support for the large object, wherein a common housing is provided for the detectors or for the detector strips, in which all detectors are arranged.
- Such a one-piece housing protects the sensitive detectors as well as any mechanical elements from environmental influences, in which case the configuration as a uniform housing considerably simplifies the air conditioning of the detectors.
- joints are respectively arranged between a plurality of detector housings and separate the detector housings.
- Such a structure makes a planned air conditioning less effective.
- the housing can include a thermal insulation.
- the housing interior is air-conditioned, in particular actively air-conditioned.
- a passive air conditioning can already result from the fact that the heated air inside the housing is given the opportunity to escape to the outside and nachzug while cooler air.
- cooling fins and / or ventilation openings may be provided at suitable locations in the housing.
- An active air conditioning is characterized by the fact that it is able, for example via a blower and is adapted to cooler air than inside the housing available in this lead and thereby displace the warmer existing air there.
- a continuous housing for the detectors can be mounted on a frame.
- the stated object solves a radiation scanner for large objects, such as containers, railway cars or trucks, with at least one radiation source and a plurality of detectors, wherein beams between the radiation source and the detectors can run along a beam path, and with a support for the large object, wherein a frame is provided for the detectors, which is substantially rigidly connected to the radiation source.
- the stated object solves a transmission scanner for large objects, such as containers, railway cars or trucks, with at least one radiation source and a plurality of detectors, wherein beams between the radiation source and the detectors along a beam path can run , and with a support for the large object, wherein the beam path is inclined horizontally by an angle not equal to 90 °, that is smaller or larger than 90 °, with respect to the path along which the detectors and the radiation source with respect to the large object can be moved.
- a simple and stable structure of the scanner is also obtained with a horizontally oblique frame and beam path when the beam path is arranged in the vertical plane.
- the stated object solves a transmission scanner for large objects, such as containers, railroad cars or trucks, with at least one radiation source and at least one detector between which rays travel along a radiation source. can run, and with a support for the large object, the radiation source is arranged in a standard container, preferably in a 40-foot container or in a 20-foot container.
- a service room for service personnel of the transmission scanner and / or a security room for operating personnel of the large object, such as a truck driver or train driver, are preferably arranged in the container.
- the container is mobile on rails. Specifically, means for advancing the container on rails should be provided on this. This not only allows a simple shiftability in the scan, but also the easy transport of the scanning unit to a job site on the railroad tracks of a railway network.
- the radiation source is preferably arranged in a separate room.
- the separate arrangement alone helps prevent radiation damage to the service personnel of the scanner.
- the separate space for the radiation source except for an exit slit for the beam path is specially shielded.
- the radiation source itself can be shielded except for an exit slit for the beam path. Both further support the radiant safety of the entire system.
- the stated object solves a transmission scanner for large objects such as containers, railway carriages or trucks, with at least one radiation source and at least one detector between which rays can travel along a beam path, as well as with a support for the large object , wherein the radiation source is shielded, bundled and / or directed such that at the height of the detector or at the level of at least one detector bar, the beam width is not more than twice as wide as the detector or the detector bar.
- the system is designed to limit the scan volume to such a narrow strip of radiation at the detector, shielding beyond the detectors can be minimized, saving on construction costs and volume.
- the radiation source and the detector are arranged to be movable and seen behind the detector from the radiation source from a traveling radiation protection is provided, for example, a moving concrete wall.
- a traveling radiation protection is provided, for example, a moving concrete wall.
- the radiation source and the detector are movably arranged and that a stationary radiation protection, for example a stationary concrete wall, is provided behind the detector as seen from the radiation source. As a result, the radiation protection can be increased again.
- the radiation source can be an X-ray source, a gamma-ray source and / or a neutron source.
- the beam path passes a series collimator.
- series collimator designates a beam path limiting arrangement of at least two partial collimators, which are connected to each other by a common, substantially parallel to the main beam path, radiation-insulating wall and extending from this wall, starting in the beam path allows an extremely good focusing of the beam path, since on the one hand any reflections on surfaces that are aligned parallel to the beam path in the beam path can be minimized by minimizing these surfaces and on the other hand, the partial collimators have perpendicular to the beam path directed surface areas, which naturally very much good at absorbing rays.
- At least 5 or 8 partial collimators should be provided in succession, in particular on both sides of the beam path, it being understood that such partial collimators should be provided there only where a corresponding confinement of the beam path is necessary.
- the beam path brushes at least one radiation trap.
- a radiation trap denotes a recess which is oriented substantially perpendicular to the beam path and has a radiation-insulating wall. If a beam path strikes such a recess and rays enter the recess, such rays run for the most part dead until they leave the recess again. These are thus trapped in the radiation trap. [87] In a suitable embodiment of a series collimator, this accordingly has one or more radiation traps.
- the series collimator and / or the radiation trap are arranged in the beam path behind a source collimator.
- Radiation sources are already intensively shielded in the immediate vicinity because of the danger emanating from them, with a corresponding source collimator ensuring that the beams can only leave the radiation source in a certain spatial area.
- the source collimator is not able to parallelize it sufficiently, especially with long beam paths.
- the series collimator and / or the radiation trap which structurally simplify operational reliability in radiographic scanners for large objects with at least one radiation source and at least one detector, between which rays can travel along a beam path, can also increase considerably independently of the other features of the present invention.
- the series collimator or the radiation trap can connect directly to the source collimator, so that the corresponding advantages can be optimally utilized in the shortest space.
- the at least one detector can be arranged on a logic-free detector module, which is non-destructively detachably connected to a carrier.
- a detector can be exchanged simply and inexpensively if it is defective, in particular without simultaneously having to exchange a corresponding measuring electronics, which is necessary for a sensor system comprising the detector.
- Such an approach is also independent of the other features for detectors of radiation that is more energetic than visible light, especially as UV light, of advantage, since such detectors are exposed for reasons of sensitivity very strong this high-energy radiation and age accordingly fast ,
- the detector module is also formed free of electronics. Even electronic components such as operational amplifiers, capacitors or coils are laid as far as possible outside of a radiation exposure in such arrangements and usually age less rapidly than the detectors connected thereto. In this respect, the costs can be minimized at a detector change.
- such a passive detector module allows a very simple change of detectors with a suitable design of the overall arrangement, since logical or electronic components are placed in such detector arrangements usually not only possible outside a beam path but also behind a shield to interference avoid.
- the detectors are not shielded because they are supposed to detect the rays.
- the detectors can be removed in such an arrangement on the shield over from the direction of the beam path or replaced, so this can be done very easily.
- a change, in particular past a shield, can in particular be carried out easily if the connection of the detector module to its carrier is a plug connection.
- the connector is electrically conductive, so that the electrical connection between the detector and the other sensors can be opened or closed directly with the plugging operation.
- the detector module has no more than 32 detectors, preferably no more than 16 detectors. In this way, it is also possible to arrange several detector modules side by side at an angle to one another, so that, for example, a curve radius or a circular path can be followed with such modules, without the deviations becoming too large despite rectilinearly or substantially flat modules.
- the carrier of the detector module may be a logic-free subcarrier, which is arranged on a main carrier with a measuring electronics.
- a logic-free subcarrier Preferably, only amplifiers, that is, for example, only operational amplifiers, which are in particular already designed as integrators, are arranged on the intermediate carrier.
- Such a logic-free subcarrier allows a particularly compact design of the amplifiers or other non-logical subassemblies with respect to the detectors on the one hand, so that distances between the detectors and the amplifiers can be minimized. This can minimize interference.
- the at least one detector is arranged on a module unit with no more than 32 detectors. Preferably, this is not even more than 16 detectors.
- this module unit is connected to at least one further module unit via a bus connection and / or movably mounted on at least one further module unit. While the former ensures a very simple overall structure as well as a simple change of individual modular units, the latter facilitates that the modular units can be arranged next to one another in a curved overall arrangement. It is understood that these two embodiments regardless of the other features of the present invention cumulatively or alternatively show the corresponding advantages.
- a measuring device and / or a correction device are provided for measuring or correcting a vertical displacement of the frame and the radiation source with respect to the large object or with respect to the support, so that any differences that occur during a relative displacement between the radiation source and
- detectors on the one hand and large object on the other hand can be detected reliably and distortions of the generated image can be avoided.
- the correction preferably takes place prior to entry into the actual image generation, so that on the one hand known image generation devices can also be used and, on the other hand, the correction can be carried out very quickly and reliably. It is understood that such measuring devices or correction devices are also independent of the other features of the present invention for radiographic scanner of large objects according to an advantage.
- Figure 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a stationary structure
- Figure 2 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a movable Humanstrahlstrom
- Figure 3 shows the system of Figure 2 in a view according to local identification III-III;
- Figure 4 shows the system of Figures 2 and 3 according to local identification IV-IV;
- Figure 5 shows the system of Figures 2 to 4 in a plan view
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic cross section through the beam path
- FIG. 7 shows an enlarged detail of the detector unit from FIG. 6;
- FIG. 8 shows the detector unit according to FIG. 7;
- FIG. 9 shows a plan view of the detector unit according to FIGS. 7 and 8;
- FIG. 10 shows a single detector unit from FIG. 9
- Figure 11 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a displaceable
- Figure 12 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a displaceable
- Figure 13 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a displaceable
- the transmission unit 1 in FIG. 1 essentially consists of a stationary container 2, a partly curved frame 3 connected thereto and a conveyor belt 4.
- a space is formed for an X-ray radiation source.
- a singulation cell is present.
- the space for the X-ray source is located immediately below a terminal 5 of the housing frame 3 on the container 2.
- the control room for the service personnel is located behind a directed to the conveyor belt 4 large viewing window 6 in the container 2.
- the separating cell is behind a trans- portband schemeen exit door 7th and has on a side facing away from the conveyor belt 8 of the container 2 an entrance door.
- the conveyor 4 is adapted to linearly forward any large objects such as trucks 9 with a loaded transport container 10 in a transport direction 11 through the sheet 3.
- the X-ray source emits X-ray radiation through a relatively two-dimensional scan space 13, which fancers toward the bridge arch 3 and ultimately represents the beam path.
- the bridge arch 3 consists essentially of two horizontal, interconnected bridge sections 14, 15, a pedestal 16 and a circular arc segment-shaped detector area 17.
- Within the base piece 16 and the circular arc segment-shaped detector piece 17 and depending on geometric conditions and at least in a portion 15 of the two bridge sections fourteenth , 15 are detectors for the X-radiation, which is emitted at the X-ray exit 12.
- the four parts 14, 15, 16, 17 of the bridge 3 with each other, with a foundation 18 and at the terminal 5 with the container 2 in each case rigidly bolted via connecting flanges (exemplified with 19) screwed together.
- the two bridge parts 14, 15 lead from the Containeran-circuit 5 with respect to the horizontal up to a highest point on the connection flange 19.
- the then subsequent sheet 17 is shaped so that it follows at least substantially a circular arc, which has its center at the X-ray emitter.
- the base part 16 of the frame 3 is installed slightly obliquely with respect to the vertical, so that its perpendicular bisector is directed towards the X-ray emitter.
- the truck 9 If now in the operation of the system 1, the truck 9 is to be checked with radiation on impermissible content, drives the driver of the truck 9 this up to a landing position 20, which is still in front of the scan room 13 with respect to the transport direction 11. He leaves the truck 9 in an exit direction 21 and follows a running path 22 to the container 2 and the radiation source around to the front door on the side facing away from the conveyor belt 8 and enters through this the separation room.
- the operating personnel of the fürstrahlstrom 1 has within the Containers 2 via communication means with the separation room. In the simplest case, these can simply have a viewing window and / or an intercom and / or a document throughput. In this way, the operator of the system 1 can easily and reliably recognize that the driver of the truck 9 is now located in the separation room.
- the separation room is then remotely locked by the service personnel of the system 1, so that the driver of the truck 9 can not leave the separation room easily. Then the service personnel activates the X-ray emitter and thus generates the scan room 13.
- the detectors (not shown) arranged in parts 16 and 17 of the bridge 3 receive a shadow-free image of the x-ray radiation and transmit this via a wiring running in the housing parts 14, 15, 16, 17 to the container 2 Data processed electronically and the service personnel of the system 1 visually and / or analyzed by a microprocessor. The service staff then activates the conveyor belt 4 in the transport direction 11 and drives in this way the truck 9 in its entire size through the scan room 13 therethrough. During the entire time, the shadow image is determined by the detectors and transmitted to the service staff.
- the service personnel of Appendix 1 can also activate the conveyor belt 4 against the main direction of movement 11 and thus drive back the truck 9 to the suspected spot. Alternatively and cumulatively, it is also possible to view the entire scan process again using EDP-stored images.
- the installation 1 thus makes it possible to take a complete picture of the entire truck 9, including the cab 25, the container 10 being transported and all the wheels (indicated 26 by way of example) of the lorry.
- the arcuate portion 17 allows to create the best possible silhouette without any non-visible area.
- the equipment 1 also has equipment (not shown) for photographing, storing and archiving the vehicle 25 and the container 10. Both the container numbers and the registration numbers of the towing vehicle 25 can be automatically recognized and archived. [110] There is a complete infrastructure for the service personnel in the service room in the container 2, so that the service personnel do not necessarily have to leave the service room.
- the frame 14, 15, 16, 17 is provided with a robust steel framework, and the entire plant has a concrete foundation.
- the system is therefore very stable. She is weatherproof, so she can work independently. Paths 21, 22, 23 and the entire system are equipped with lighting so that the system can work without problems even at night.
- the service room in Container 2 is equipped with an industrial computer that requires a special login by the service staff.
- the images and all data obtained are automatically stored and saved, with an encryption algorithm optionally provided.
- To enter data and view the scanned images there is a large color screen for service personnel.
- a color laser printer is installed.
- the lighting in the service room is equipped with an emergency generator, as well as with air conditioning.
- the entrance and exit door to the service room has a biometric recognition system, for example via an iris recognition and / or a fingerprint recognition.
- both the communication window to the separation room and the observation window 6 can be covered and locked outside within a very short time.
- Radiation protection contributes to the fact that the entire X-ray system is continuously monitored by a computer. In case of a fault, the X-ray beam will switch off automatically. In addition, the X-ray radiation can be stopped manually via a switch within a very short time. At the same time, warning lights illuminate in the region of the scan room 13 whenever the X-ray source is activated. So that a person can not accidentally go into the scan room 13, infrared sensors are provided, which can detect such a move in time and turn off the X-ray source. In addition, 1 surveillance cameras are installed throughout the facility.
- the resolution of the X-ray image is about 10 mm in the central region of the cargo to be inspected.
- the radiation is set so hard that up to 300 mm of steel can be penetrated. It is estimated that 25,000 or more large objects can easily be scanned in the course of a calendar year.
- the X-ray source has a power of 8 MeV.
- the conveyor belt 4 is set so that at least 20 m in length can be moved through the scan room 13.
- the bridge 3 makes room for more than 4 m height of the irradiation space 13.
- the conveyor belt 14 also allows a width of at least 3 m for the large object to be scanned.
- the lowest scanning beam runs exactly on the surface of the conveyor belt 14.
- detectors are each arranged on a straight detector strip within the arcuate section 17.
- the detector bars themselves are then aligned within the housing of the arcuate portion 17 so that their respective perpendicular bisectors are directed towards the X-ray source.
- the individual detector strips are located in a rail within the housing 17. They are not selectively connected to the rail system, but are compressed on one or both sides by spring force. This causes even with a thermal expansion of the housing 17, the detector strips are still compressed between the springs, without forming a gap between the individual detector bars.
- connection 18 of the arch 3 to the foundation can advantageously be provided with two stabilizing rollers and a support.
- the bridge 3 is rigidly connected to the container 2, so that tensions can form during thermal expansion. If the sheet is mounted on the support 18 on rollers, these voltages are reduced. Nevertheless, the sheet 3 carries along any movement of the X-ray source, for example, when the ground is slightly lower.
- the second installation 30 in FIGS. 2 to 5 consists essentially of a container 31 with X-ray source emitter, service room and separation room.
- the station in FIGS. 2 to 6 is, however, designed to be displaceable and to this end mounted via wheels 32, 33 on two rails 34, 35.
- the container 31 along a Verfahrrich- 36 low-resistance and can be moved very evenly.
- the X-ray source radiates through collimators 51 below a bridge 37 through a scan room 38 to a large arcuate rack section 39 which extends equidistant around the X-ray source from a highest point 19 to a transport platform 40.
- the platform 40 is higher in vertical than the X-ray source and as the lowermost detectors (not shown) in the arcuate portion 39.
- the bow 39 leads to a carrying carriage 41, which is supported by two wheels (not shown) on a simple rail 42. Beyond the arch 39 and the auxiliary carriage 41, a stationary radiation protection wall 43 is constructed in this embodiment.
- a walkway 44 leads around the container 31 to the entrance of the separation room. From the exit of the separation room, a second catwalk 45 leads back to the platform 40.
- a second roof 46 is provided for protection from direct sunlight. This is opposite to the Con-tainer 31 laterally over to protect even slightly tilted sun.
- the catwalk bridges 44, 45 are on the platform, but are connected to the container 31, so that in a displacement of the container 31 along the displacement direction 36, the entire construction of container 31, catwalks 44, 45, radiation source with collimator 51 and Bridge 37, detection sheet 39 and auxiliary carriage 41 moves in the direction of movement 36 as a unit.
- the bridge 37 is rotated relative to the displacement direction 36 and thus also relative to a main extension direction 48 of the platform 40 at an angle 49 of about 10 ° in the horizontal.
- the load to be scanned or the truck to be scanned (not shown) is located by the platform 40 on a higher horizontal plane than the lowermost X-ray path in the scan room 38, so that the large object to be scanned is completely illuminated.
- the X-ray beam is bundled horizontally so far that it reaches at most twice the width of the detector strip 39.
- a traveling X-ray radiation protection wall can also be provided.
- the software uses automatic contour recognition filters.
- a number of contours are stored in a database, in whole or in part.
- the software also uses automatic material detection filters.
- the material identifiers are also in parts or completely in a database.
- the system also has software that handles the complete motion control of the system.
- the identification data of freight and / or trucks are optically recorded by the software and automatically detected. These are also stored in the database with identification numbers and time stamps. If radio data carriers are present in the cargo or truck, either actively or passively in the form of transponders, the software can also record these and store them in the database.
- biometric data of the truck drivers or other operators of the large objects are also recorded, for example iris images or fingerprint data. These are also stored in the database if this is legally permissible under data law.
- the software can record data from ID documents visually, automatically recognize and store them in the database. If the identification documents are equipped accordingly, the software is also able to read ID card data and / or passport data and / or other ID data by radio.
- the personal and / or biometric data of the operator of the large objects and / or freight data to be scanned may be present in a database so that the software can be used in the
- the software issues a warning.
- the operator of the large object to be scanned is automatically secured in the separation room until security personnel and / or a representative of the executive arrives.
- the scan parameters can be automatically set by the software based on the cargo to be checked, for example, as indicated by the shipping documents.
- the software can also be able to move the scanning system to critical points of the charge and, for example, to travel at a slower speed.
- the scanning spaces 13, 38 in which, for example, lorries 25 or containers 10 can be found, are roamed by a main jet 52 which, starting from a radiation source 50, reaches detectors 56 which are located in the frame 3 , 39 are arranged.
- the radiation source 50 comprises an actual starting point 55 for the radiation, which is arranged within a shield 57 which can leave the beam path, and in particular also the main beam 52, through an opening 58, the radiation source 50 furthermore having a source collimator 53, which is arranged around the opening 58 and should prevent scattered radiation.
- Such radiation sources 50 are known per se sufficiently from the prior art and readily available in this embodiment.
- series collimators 51 are connected in the proposed embodiments, which additionally limit the beam path, so that it does not expand too much even with very long path lengths.
- the series collimators 51 comprise partial collimators 54, which are connected to one another by a common wall 59. These walls 59 are aligned substantially parallel to the main beam path 52.
- Both the partial collimators 54 and the walls 59 comprise materials that have a radiation-insulating effect.
- they may be formed of lead and / or filled with radiation-insulating sand.
- the walls 61 and 62 of the partial collimators as well as the radiation-insulating wall 59 of the series collimators 51 form radiation traps which are very difficult to leave by rays once they have reached it. This applies in particular with regard to beams which want to leave the beam traps parallel to the main beam path 52.
- the detectors 56 which in the present case are formed of individual scintillant crystals with associated light-sensitive diodes, are exposed directly to the beam path and surrounded by a lead shield 65 having a slot-like opening 66.
- a shield 67 is still provided from shielding sand, as Figure 7 shows.
- the frame or the frame 3, 39 is formed accordingly as a hollow frame and has a wall 68, which in this embodiment is substantially the shape of a bordered U. This U encloses the lead shield 65 on the side facing away from the beam path. It is understood that such a hollow body filled with shielding sand is advantageous as a cantilevered detector rear side, irrespective of the other features of the present invention.
- the detectors 56 are arranged on detector modules 70 which are mounted in a T-shaped recess 71 of the lead shield, with the result that the lead shield 65 laterally of the gap 66 over the detector modules 70 cantilevered regions 72, which the detector modules 70th largely protect against radiation.
- the detectors 56 can easily be exposed in the direction of the radiation source 50 by means of the T-shaped recess 71, whose center bar ultimately represents the gap 66. It is understood that in an alternative embodiment, a protective but largely radiolucent cover may be provided in front of the detectors.
- the detector modules are directly guided and held by the lead shield, wherein in an alternative embodiment, a separate guide for the detector modules within the shield may be provided.
- the modules can readily be displaced within the recess 71 (perpendicular to the drawing plane of FIGS. 6 to 8) of the recess 71, so that they correspond to a curve shape or a similar curvature of the frame structure or the frame 3, 39 can follow without further ado. This is especially true when the individual modules are arranged side by side movable - and are interconnected, for example, only by a cable connection or the like. It is understood that such a sliding guide of detector modules within a shield is also advantageous independently of the other features of the present invention.
- the individual detector modules are preferably interconnected via a bus connection, for example an Ethernet bus, a serial bus connection or optical fiber connection, so that information can be transmitted serially along the individual detector modules and readily read out at the end of the entire detector unit.
- a bus connection for example an Ethernet bus, a serial bus connection or optical fiber connection
- the detectors 56 are mounted directly on standard sockets 73, which in turn can be plugged into corresponding standard plug-in connections on an intermediate carrier board 74.
- any electronic or logical components between the standard sockets 73 and the detectors 56 are dispensed with here.
- the measurement signals of the detectors 56 thus run directly from the detectors 56 via the plug-in contacts 75, which are formed by the baseboards 73 and the standard connector, on the intermediate board 74, where they are passed directly into integrally formed as an operational amplifier 76.
- These integrators thus represent the first electronic components which encounter signals from the detectors 56.
- each integrator 76 can process the signals of two detectors 56.
- Each intermediate board 74 has eight integrators 76, namely four integrators 76 on one front side and four integrators 76 on a rear side of the intermediate board 74. This means that sixteen detectors 56 can be operated without difficulty for each intermediate board 74, which in the present exemplary embodiment leads to a reasonable length of the intermediate boards 74 (the length in the present case is perpendicular to the plane of the drawing in FIGS. 6 to 8).
- the integrators 76 are arranged behind the lead shield 65, in particular behind the regions 72, so that damage to these electrical assemblies by the beams of the radiation source 50 can be minimized.
- the intermediate board 74 is also provided with standard connectors 77, which ensure a plug-in connection to a motherboard 78, on which now also logic modules and
- Analog-to-digital converter (not shown) are arranged. It goes without saying that these electronic or logic components are also present in the beam shadow of the lead shield 65 or 72 are arranged to minimize damage to these assemblies by the radiation as possible.
- the signals amplified by the operational amplifiers of the integrators 76 of the detectors 56 thus run directly through the connector 77 on the motherboard.
- the intermediate board thus has no logical modules.
- This embodiment has the advantage that extremely short, and in particular approximately equally long, paths can be provided between the amplifying subassemblies, namely the integrators 76, and the subassemblies which further process these signals, which can be provided by the three-dimensional structure of interposer board 74 and Motherboard 78 is possible.
- this arrangement has the advantage, independent of the other features of the present invention, that the paths through which analog signals must pass can be minimized.
- the length of the main boards 78 corresponds to the length of the intermediate boards 74, so that in each case detector modules with sixteen detectors 56 result.
- These can, as shown by way of example in FIG. 9, be readily inserted one above the other within the T-shaped recess 71, with the respective detector modules 74 already coming into direct contact as a result of gravity.
- the individual detector modules 70 a curvature of the entire detector unit or the frame 3, 39 follow immediately, in particular in the presently favored Konkavkrümmung the detectors 56 of two detector modules 70 seamlessly abut each other, while between the boards 74, 78 due to the curvature small gap 79 will remain. In this way it can be ensured even with a thermal expansion of the overall arrangement that basically always detector 56 is located at detector 56, so that an image is not distorted even under such conditions, although if necessary, the resolution can change.
- a connection between the individual boards is not absolutely necessary. It is advantageous, however, if the individual boards are interconnected by a bus system, so that measurement results can be transmitted readily and reliably to a control center, this preferably being done along the boards.
- the boards, in particular the main boards 78 may be connected to each other articulated, for example by wire connections or the like. Such an articulated connection can be realized for example by a suitable perforation or other material weakening.
- curvatures are not very strong, it is also possible, for example, to combine several intermediate boards 74 on a single main board 78, which then becomes correspondingly larger is formed - and optionally has a slight articulation through the material weakenings described above at appropriate locations.
- Shield 65 are arranged, the damage of these assemblies is minimized by the radiation, whereas the detectors 56 are excellently exposed and thus can measure extremely accurate - and at the same time can be easily replaced if they should, in particular due to the radiation fail.
- a vehicle for example a container or an entire truck, travels on wheels 85 on a flat floor 83 parallel to a support 86, the support 86 being raised so that the latter within the beam path of a Radiation source 50 is arranged.
- the radiation source 50 is rigidly arranged on a support arm 80 and rotatably mounted on the carriage via a joint 87.
- a carrier 88 for a detector strip 81 is arranged, which in turn can be moved on the floor 83 via an auxiliary carriage 89, which has wheels 84.
- This arrangement comprises a goniometer 90 which corrects incoming signals 91 which are actually intended to be supplied by the detectors to an image generator 92 in a corrector 93 prior to input to the image generator 92 according to the angle. If, in this arrangement, therefore, the auxiliary carriage 89 passes over an obstacle, this leads to an angle change of the arm
- the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 12 substantially corresponds to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 11, so that identically effective assemblies are also numbered identically. However, includes this arrangement a per se about hydraulics 95 tiltable arm 96, 97, the joints are, however, secured by bolts 89. In this way, the frame during operation is considered to be rigid.
- the arrangement according to FIG. 12 furthermore has two measuring devices 99, which in turn send signals to the correction device 93 when the arrangement travels over an uneven floor, so that a corresponding vertical displacement can easily be measured and corrected.
- the arrangement according to FIG. 13 also essentially corresponds to the arrangement according to FIG. 11, so that identical components are also numbered identically here.
- the support arm 100 is rigidly mounted on the carriage 82.
- measuring devices 101 measure a deviation of the radiation source 50 or the detectors in the detector strip 81 from the support 86, so that even subsequently forming unevenness in the base 83 is the measurement result can not falsify.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
- Radiography Using Non-Light Waves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
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DE102006017967 | 2006-04-13 | ||
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PCT/DE2007/000651 WO2007118461A2 (de) | 2006-04-13 | 2007-04-13 | Durchstrahlungsscanner |
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EP (1) | EP2008124A2 (de) |
DE (2) | DE102006051087A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2007118461A2 (de) |
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Also Published As
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DE112007000818A5 (de) | 2009-01-08 |
WO2007118461A2 (de) | 2007-10-25 |
US20090147913A1 (en) | 2009-06-11 |
WO2007118461A3 (de) | 2008-03-06 |
DE102006051087A1 (de) | 2007-10-18 |
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