EP2001982A2

EP2001982A2 - Antifriction paste or dispersion

Info

Publication number: EP2001982A2
Application number: EP07710515A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Manfred Kienberger; Helmut ZIEGELBÖCK.
Original assignee: High Tech Coatings GmbH
Current assignee: High Tech Coatings GmbH
Priority date: 2006-03-24
Filing date: 2007-03-15
Publication date: 2008-12-17
Also published as: AT503504B1; WO2007109817A2; AT503504A1; WO2007109817A3

Abstract

The invention describes an apparatus having an evacuable cavity surrounded by a casing, there being arranged in the cavity and/or on the casing, and projecting into the cavity, at least one friction assembly and/or bearing assembly having at least two elements each having a surface, the two surfaces interacting, and at least one of the two surfaces being coated with a lubricating varnish, at least in the region of their interaction, the varnish comprising a polymeric binder and also molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) and graphite as solid lubricants. The invention further describes an anti-friction paste, an anti-friction dispersion, and the use of a lubricating varnish under high or ultra-high vacuum.

Description

Anti-friction paste or dispersion

The invention relates to a device with an evacuable cavity, which is enclosed by a housing, wherein in the cavity and / or on the housing and in the cavity protruding at least one friction assembly and / or bearing assembly is arranged, the at least two elements each having a surface wherein the two surfaces cooperate and at least one of the two surfaces is coated with a lubricating varnish at least in the region of interaction comprising a polymeric binder and molybdenum disulfide (MoS ₂ ) and graphite as solid lubricants, an antifriction button with a polymeric binder the molybdenum disulfide (MoS ₂ ) and graphite are contained as solid lubricants or an anti-friction dispersion with a polymeric binder in at least one dispersion medium, in which molybdenum disulfide (MoS ₂ ) and graphite are contained as solid lubricants, and a method for avoiding the feeding, in particular the Kaltv welding, of at least two cooperating surfaces of each element under vacuum, after at least one of the surfaces of an element at least in the region of interaction, a bonded coating is applied comprising a polymeric binder in which molybdenum disulfide (MoS ₂ ) and graphite as solid lubricants and the use of a lubricating varnish under high vacuum or ultrahigh vacuum conditions.

The lubrication of tribologically stressed surfaces of components, e.g. Bearings used under vacuum pose a major problem since conventional lubricants, e.g. Greases, under vacuum due to the low pressure and the consequent evaporation of certain ingredients of the lubricant, can not be used. A similar problem also occurs with other parts under vacuum, which are also subjected to pressure and stress, where the evaporation of the grease also leads to the so-called "scuffing", such as in screws .. Since these parts are not or only with very high Force can be solved, fractures and thus damage in these parts are inevitable.

In order to avoid this, the prior art has already used the application of antifriction paints which are applied to tribologically stressed surfaces or areas of frictional assemblies that tend to seize. For example, the DD 290 210 A5 is an anti-friction paste known, which consists of a polymer binder, molybdenum disulfide, graphite, aluminosilicates and polyethylenepolyamine. The polymer binder used is epoxyborophenol resin.

From DE 82 12 389 U a sample transport device is known, consisting of a mobile, gas-tight sealable, coated with Strahlungsabschirmenden materials chamber, which is intended for the handling of radioactive samples. In the chamber, a telescopic arm is installed, which is equipped with one or more sample holders. The telescopic arm can be retracted together with the sample holders into the chamber. Furthermore, the telescopic arm with the help of a spindle, which is extended gas-tight over the chamber housing to the outside, and retractable. The moving parts of the telescopic arm are provided with a lubricating varnish.

The object of the invention is to protect friction assemblies and / or bearing assemblies under vacuum against seizing.

This object is achieved independently by the fact that, in the device according to the invention, the proportion of the polymeric binder on the lubricating varnish is selected from a range with a lower limit of 20% and an upper limit of 80%, the proportion of molybdenum disulfide is selected from one range with a lower limit of 15% and an upper limit of 50%, and the proportion of graphite is selected from a range having a lower limit of 5% and an upper limit of 30% by an anti-friction paste having this composition Anti-friction dispersion in which the proportion of the polymeric binder in the dispersion is selected from a range with a lower limit of 20% and an upper limit of 40%, the proportion of molybdenum disulfide is selected from a range with a lower limit of 15% and an upper limit of 25%, and the proportion of graphite is selected from a lower limit range of 5% and an upper limit of 15% and the remainder forms the dispersing agent, as well as by the aforementioned method for avoiding feeding, in which the lubricating varnish of the anti-friction paste and / or the anti-friction dispersion is formed.

Compared to previously used anti-friction coatings for this purpose, the composition according to the invention surprisingly exhibits, despite the high proportion of MoS ₂ and graphite in the polymeric binder, an unexpected improvement in the composition of the invention. Wear resistance of the friction bauble and / or bearing assembly. Not expected, therefore, that decreasing binder content would be expected to degrade the cohesion of the layer which ultimately "crumbles" it, and this does not occur due to the selected proportion of MoS ₂ and graphite, especially the ratio of MoS ₂ and graphite However, an interaction between the MoS ₂ and graphite particles is presumed to be the case at the present time, as well as an improved resistance to wear and a reduced susceptibility to corrosion was surprisingly observed, as well as a lower evaporation of individual constituents of the lubricating varnish so that the device can also be used in the medical field.

As the polymeric binder, a polyimide resin is preferably used, in particular, a polyamideimide resin. The advantage here is that the bonded coating thereby obtains high strength in a wide temperature range and also the thermal stability is improved. The resistance to alkalis and acids or various oxidants can be improved thereby.

According to developments of the device according to the invention it is provided that the proportion of polymeric binders is selected from a range with a lower limit of 30% and an upper limit of 70% or with a lower limit of 40% and an upper limit of 50% or in that the proportion of molybdenum disulfide is selected from a range with a lower limit of 20% and an upper limit of 45% or with a lower limit of 35% and an upper limit of 40% or the proportion of graphite can be selected from a range with a lower limit of 10% and an upper limit of 25% or a range with a lower limit of 15% and an upper limit of 20%. By these measures, it is not only possible to achieve an optimization in terms of all properties of the bonded coating, but it is possible specifically individual properties, such as wear resistance and corrosion resistance, the resistance to Reibverschweißung to adapt to the particular application, even if it goes along with it in that the further properties of the anti-friction coating are not improved to the same extent. It is thus possible to adapt the lubricating varnish to the respective intended use under vacuum conditions, for example to choose the proportion of graphite in the case of tribologically stressed surfaces, in order to achieve a higher temperature resistance or, for the use of the lubricating varnish for vacuum applications for medical purposes, to select the composition in such a way that the evaporation rates are further improved.

As already mentioned above, it is advantageous if the ratio of molybdenum sulfide to graphite is selected accordingly. For this, this ratio may be selected from a range with a lower limit of 1.5: 1 and an upper limit of 4.5: 1. It is thus possible to vary the self-lubricating behavior of the antifriction coating so that, if appropriate taking into account the respective proportions of molybdenum disulfide or graphite, i. when varying the proportions of these additives to the binder, in turn, at least one of the properties of the polymer layer are particularly adapted to the particular application.

The molybdenum disulfide is preferably in accordance with a variant in the form of platelets chen in the bonded coating, these platelets have an average length which is selected from a range with a lower limit of 10 microns and an upper limit of 40 microns and / or a middle Width selected from a range having a lower limit of 10 μm and an upper limit of 40 μm and / or an average height selected from a range having a lower limit of 2 nm and an upper limit of 20 nm. It can thus be achieved a significant directional dependence of the self-lubricating properties, the molybdenum disulfide platelets preferably align parallel to the surface coated with the lubricating varnish, so that these platelets are mutually displaceable under load and thus the lubricity of the lubricating varnish is improved.

In order to further improve these properties, it is possible that the molybdenum disulfide chips have an average length selected from a range having a lower limit of 15 μm and an upper limit of 35 μm and / or an average width selected from a region having a lower limit of 15 μm and an upper limit of 35 μm and / or an average height selected from a region having a lower one

According to another embodiment, these platelets have an average length selected from a range with a lower limit of 18 μm and an upper limit of 25 μm and / or a limit of 5 nm and an upper limit of 15 nm average width selected from a range having a lower limit of 18 microns and an upper limit of 25 microns and / or a mean height selected from a range having a lower limit of 5 nm and an upper limit of 8 nm.

To explain this, it should be stated that these platelets do not necessarily have to have a square surface, but rather that these platelets can have an irregular habit, so that the mean length or height or width can also include individual values which lie outside the stated ranges, however the averaged individual values within the ranges.

The graphite is preferably used with a grain size selected from a range with a lower limit of 2 μm and an upper limit of 8 μm. Particle sizes in this diameter range have shown in the practical application of the lubricating varnish on the device according to the invention a good effect in terms of avoiding cold welding.

It has proven to be advantageous in the course of testing the bonded coating under vacuum that it is advantageous if the surface of the anti-friction coating on the at least one element of the friction assembly and / or bearing assembly has an arithmetic mean roughness Ra according to DIN EN ISO 4287, the is selected from a range having a lower limit of 0.2 μm and an upper limit of 1.5 μm and a lower limit of 0.5 μm and an upper limit of 1.0 μm and a lower limit of 0, respectively; 8 μm and an upper limit of 0.9 μm. On the one hand, these measures ensure that the profiled tips form a smaller contact surface with respect to the entire surface of the interacting surfaces of the elements of the friction pair, and thus lower friction than would be expected on the basis of material selection alone. On the other hand, the tips make it possible to reduce the energy by forming work - in turn, the platelet-shaped molybdenum disulphide particles are advantageous - so that a uniform and smooth surface image is obtained as a result and the specific surface pressure can be reduced as a result.

To improve this effect, it is advantageous if the coated surface has a maximum roughness profile height Rz according to DIN EN ISO 4287, which is selected from a region having a lower limit of 0.5 μm and an upper limit of 10 μm and a lower limit of 3 μm and an upper limit of 8 μm and a lower limit of 5 μm and an upper limit of 6 μm, respectively.

The lubricating varnish is preferably produced with an average layer thickness which is selected from a range with a lower limit of 1 μm and an upper limit of 40 μm or a lower limit of 3 μm and an upper limit of 30 μm or a lower limit of 3 microns and an upper limit of 25 microns, whereby not only the above forming work can be adjusted according to the desired application of the friction pair under vacuum, but also the life of the layer by adaptation

Material type, hardness of the friction partners can be considered and also any existing Abrasive dust in the device no negative impact in terms of cold welding of the friction partners shows. It is advantageous if, for tribological applications, the two friction partners, i. at least one of them is provided with a higher layer thickness of the anti-friction varnish. The higher layer thickness can also cause a repeated application of the lubricating varnish may not be required, so that the friction partners coated with it can be used several times in succession.

The lubricating varnish advantageously has a hardness after drying selected from a range with a lower limit of 20 HV and an upper limit of 45 HV and a lower limit of 22 HV and an upper limit of 35 HV and a lower limit, respectively Limit of 25 HV and an upper limit of 30 HV, which not only the tribological properties of the bonded coating can be improved and thus the tendency of seizure under vacuum can be prevented, but also the fatigue strength of Reibpa- tion or the bonded coating is improved.

According to the invention, the friction assembly and / or bearing assembly can be formed by a threaded assembly or a slide bearing assembly, wherein slide bearing assembly is not a slide bearing as known from the prior art means, ie that no additional slide bearing must be installed, but the sliding bearing due to the coating the mutually relatively movable parts is made with the lubricating varnish. But there are of course other uses possible, all of which take place under vacuum. In advantageous developments of the antifriction dispersion, the proportion of the polymeric binder in this dispersion is selected from a range with a lower limit of 25% and an upper limit of 35% and / or a range with a lower limit of 27.5% and an upper limit of 30%.

Also, the proportion of molybdenum disulfide in the dispersion may be selected from a range having a lower limit of 17% and an upper limit of 22% and a lower limit of 18.5% and an upper limit of 21.5%, respectively this proportion is 20%.

The graphite component may be selected in embodiments from a range with a lower limit of 7% and an upper limit of 13% or with a lower limit of 8.5% and an upper limit of 11.5% or this graphite content may be 10% be.

By means of these measures, the effects already mentioned above which have been described for the device according to the invention are achieved.

The object of the invention is further characterized by the use of a lubricating varnish, in particular of a polymer selected from a group comprising polytetrafluoroethylene, fluorine-containing resins, such as e.g. Polyfluoroalkoxy-polytetrafluoroethylene copolymers, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene, fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymers, polyvinyl fluoride, polyimide resins, in particular aromatic, polyamideimides, especially aromatic, polyaryletherimides, optionally modified with isocyanates, epoxy resins, phenolic resins, polyamide 6, polyamide 66, polyoxymethylene, silicones , Polyaryletherketone, polyaryl ether ether ketones, Polyvinylidendi- fluoride, polyethylene sulfides, allylene sulfide, poly-triazo-pyromellithimides, polyester imides, polyaryl sulfides, polyvinyl sulfides, polysulfones, polyarylsulfones, polyaryloxides, mixtures and copolymers thereof, under high vacuum or ultrahigh vacuum conditions, in particular for the preparation of a layer for solved a sliding bearing.

For the purposes of the invention, high-vacuum or ultra-high vacuum mean pressures of 10 ^-3 mbar or 10 ^-8 mbar and below.

The protection of assemblies, in particular of touching metal surfaces against Eating through the use of a lubricating varnish is surprising for the skilled worker insofar as the teaching has been advocated that bonded varnishes due to their tendency to evaporate Gleitlackbestandteilen under these low pressure conditions and the associated deterioration of the vacuum or the resulting Reibverschwei- tion unsuitable are. By using a Gleitlackes the advantage is achieved that can be eliminated with very simple means this problem.

In further developments of the use it is provided that a proportion of the polymer on the lubricating varnish is selected from a range with a lower limit of 30 wt .-% and an upper limit of 95 wt .-%, or is selected from a range with a lower Limit of 50% by weight and an upper limit of 85% by weight or selected from a range with a lower limit of 70% by weight and an upper limit of 75% by weight. It is thus achieved a firm cohesion of the layer of the bonded coating, in particular higher molecular weight polymers show a lower tendency in terms of evaporation.

In order to improve the sliding properties of the anti-friction varnish, it is provided in an embodiment variant that the anti-friction varnish contains at least one additive other than the polymer selected from a group comprising lubricants, such as MoS ₂ , h-BN, WS ₂ , graphite, polytetrafluoroethylene, Pb, Pb-Sn alloys, CF ₂ , PbF ₂ , hard materials such as CrO ₃ , Fe ₃ O ₄ , PbO, ZnO, CdO, Al ₂ O ₃ , SiC, Si ₃ N ₄ , SiO ₂₅ Si ₃ N ₄ , clay , Talc, TiO ₂ , MuIHt, CaC ₂ , Zn, AlN, Fe ₃ P, Fe ₂ B, Ni ₂ B, FeB, metal sulfides such as ZnS, Ag ₂ S, CuS, FeS, FeS ₂ , Sb ₂ S ₃ , PbS, Bi ₂ S ₃ , CdS, fibers, in particular inorganic, such as glass, carbon, Kaliumtita- nat, whiskers, such as SiC, metal fibers, such as Cu or steel, and mixtures thereof.

For a better understanding of the invention, this will be explained in more detail below.

By way of introduction, it should be noted that individual features or combinations of features from the different exemplary embodiments shown and described can represent separate, inventive or inventive solutions. Coating coatings can generally be considered as dry lubricants. These usually consist of solid lubricants that can bond with the resin to withstand the stresses. For the purposes of the invention, resin is understood as meaning a synthetic resin which is preferably a polyimide resin (PI) or a polyamide dimer resin (PAI).

Other synthetic resins may also be used as the polymeric binder, e.g. Epoxy resins, polyarylene sulfides, phenoxy resins, polysulfone resins.

According to the invention, the lubricating varnish is used for assemblies which are used under vacuum, these friction assemblies and / or bearing assemblies consisting of two elements, of which at least one surface of an element is provided with the lubricating varnish. Of course, it is possible that both surfaces, which interact with each other, are provided with this lubricating varnish.

As a possible embodiment of such a friction assembly and / or bearing assembly, e.g. a threaded assembly can be seen. This may be e.g. to a threaded bolt with a screw-nut or an internally threaded blind hole in the one, with an externally threaded bolt is screw act. Also differently designed threaded rib assemblies are possible within the scope of the invention.

Preferably, the bolt is provided in the region of the thread with the lubricating varnish, since the application of the lubricating varnish on the external thread is easier.

Optionally, to improve the adhesion of the lubricating varnish layer on the surface of the one element, it is possible to pretreat this surface, for example by cleaning, degreasing, by placing a primer layer, by roughening, by the arrangement of a primer and the like.

On the optionally prepared surface of the substrate of the lubricating varnish can be applied by conventional methods, such as by brushing in the case of training as anti-friction paste or by spraying in the case of training as anti-friction dispersion. Other methods, such as diving, drumming, dip centrifuging, etc. are of course also suitable.

If necessary, it is necessary in the sequence that the lubricating varnish is dried. This can be done either by air drying or by heat curing, whereby the

Bonded coating obtains the hardness required for use, which is preferably in the claimed range described above.

On the one hand, the lubricating varnish can act through the self-lubricating solids, such as molybdenum disulfide or graphite, on the other hand, an additional effect may occur in that these particles, in particular the molybdenum disulfide particles, have a platelike habit, so that these platelets can slide off one another and thus the lubricating effect is promoted.

In addition to the application for described threaded assemblies, it is also possible to use the bonded coating for spindle drives, gears, toothed shaft couplings or general gears, etc.

In this case, especially the seizure or cold welding is prevented, which can occur when surfaces are pressed together under load, as is the case for example when a threaded bolt is screwed into a corresponding recess. By compressing the surfaces under load, the interacting surfaces form strong bonding forces, this formation of bonding forces being aided by the local high pressure encountered and the heat generated by the movement. In order to enable a subsequent release of these surfaces or to avoid a possible breakage of these workpieces, the bonded coating is applied.

For the purposes of the invention, friction assembly and / or bearing assembly also means a slide bearing assembly, wherein this slide bearing assembly does not have a conventional sliding bearing per se. Rather, this is understood to mean that the bonded coating is applied directly to a surface of at least one element of this friction assembly and / or bearing assembly, optionally with the interposition of an adhesive layer, again corresponding surface pretreatment methods such as degreasing, etc. are possible in order to allow a relative movement of the two elements of the friction assembly and / or bearing assembly. Such a sliding bearing assembly may for example be a telescopic arm, wherein the relative movement through the two telescopic arms, which are, for example, pushed into each other, takes place. Other friction assemblies and / or bearing assemblies in the form of plain bearing assemblies may be, for example, spherical bearing bushings, etc.

It is therefore not a plain bearing in the traditional sense, but a plain bearing.

It should be mentioned, however, that it is of course also possible to use conventional slide bearings per se and that these sliding bearings, which are used under vacuum, may also be coated with the anti-friction paste of the invention or the antifriction onsdispersion invention to form a running layer.

With regard to the anti-friction dispersion, it should be mentioned that the resin, in particular the polyimide resin, is present in a solvent, this solvent in particular being an organic solvent, such as e.g. Xylene, is. It thus facilitates the processability of the anti-friction paste. The solvent content may be selected from a range with a lower limit of 40% by weight and an upper limit of 80% by weight, in particular with a lower limit of 50% by weight and an upper limit of 70% by weight. -%, preferably with a lower limit of 60 wt .-% and an upper limit of 65 wt .-%, based on the resin content, ie so that resin with solvent and not with respect to the other ingredients molybdenum disulfide and graphite of the anti-friction paste.

The device according to the invention can be designed, for example, as a so-called glove box, as are manipulators for toxic substances, such as e.g. Radiactive substances or substances of health concern in the medical field, possible. Other uses, such as Vacuum pumps or the like, are also conceivable.

In addition to the main constituents of the antifriction varnish mentioned, this may also contain conventional processing auxiliaries, such as, for example, Defoamer, leveling agents, etc., included.

The anti-friction paste according to the invention, ie the anti-friction paste, has been improved by its ability to To avoid the cold welding of surfaces, these surfaces in particular metal surfaces, ie, for example, steel on steel or the like., To be prepared, the following compositions.

It has been shown that primarily all of the exemplified compositions are suitable for the use according to the invention of the lubricating varnish under vacuum in order to prevent the seizing of interacting surfaces. With regard to the formation slide bearing assembly as a friction assembly and / or bearing assembly, could be achieved with a molybdenum disulfide content above 20%, a corresponding improvement in terms of fatigue strength of this storage, which is particularly advantageous, such storage usually not after a single use, as eg in the case of screws, can be re-coated. In a further series of experiments, different layer thicknesses of the bonded coating were produced, the layer thicknesses ranging between 1 .mu.m and 40 .mu.m and the individual test pieces differing by 2 .mu.m in each layer thickness, ie, starting from 1 .mu.m, the layer thickness increased by 2 .mu.m has been.

It was found that even up to layer thicknesses of 25 μm eating could be prevented with sufficient certainty. Higher layer thicknesses in the range of 40 microns are in turn advantageous for sliding bearing pairings, as these, as already mentioned, should withstand a frequent load, and the higher layer thickness also sufficient buffer exists when the bonded coating is partially rubbed off during loading.

However, this does not mean that even with screws, etc., no higher layer thicknesses are possible, especially if they are not discharged from the device after use, although this is not absolutely necessary.

The lubricating varnish of the assembly was also tested for hardness and in turn the compositions according to Table 1 were used and the hardness of the layer was measured. These examples were compared to Table 1 with compositions containing over 50% molybdenum disulfide and over 30% graphite. It has been found that, in particular due to the high molybdenum disulphide content, the layers were clearly too soft and already detached after a short time, so that the avoidance of cold welding could not be ensured with sufficient certainty. It is interesting to note here that an interaction between the molybdenum disulphide and the graphite particles evidently occurs, in such a way that the graphite particles are believed to somewhat impede the mobility of the molybdenum disulphide wafers and intervene between layers of molybdenum disulphide particles thus contribute to an increase in hardness.

All statements on ranges of values in representational description are to be understood as including any and all sub-ranges thereof, eg the indication 1 to 10 should be understood to encompass all sub-ranges, starting from the lower limit 1 and the upper limit 10 are, ie all subareas start with a lower one Limit of 1 or greater and end at an upper limit of 10 or less, eg 1 to 1.7, or 3.2 to 8.1 or 5.5 to 10.

The Ausfülirungsbeispiele show possible embodiments of the device, which should be noted at this point that the invention is not limited to the specifically illustrated embodiments thereof, but also various combinations of the individual Ausfuhrungsvarianten with each other are possible and this possibility of variation due to the teaching of technical action by representational Invention in the skill of those skilled in this technical field. So are all conceivable embodiments, which are possible by combinations of individual details of the illustrated and described embodiment variant, includes the scope of protection.

The problem underlying the independent inventive solutions can be taken from the description.

Claims

Patent claims

1. A device with an evacuable cavity which is enclosed by a housing, wherein in the cavity and / or on the housing and in the cavity protruding at least one friction assembly and / or bearing assembly is arranged, which has at least two elements each having a surface wherein the two surfaces cooperate and at least one of the two surfaces is coated with a lubricating varnish at least in the region of interaction comprising a polymeric binder and molybdenum disulfide (MoS ₂ ) and graphite as solid lubricants, characterized in that the proportion of the polymeric binder is selected selected from a range with a lower limit of 20% and an upper limit of 80%, the portion of MoS _{2 is} selected from a range with a lower limit of 15% and an upper limit of 50% and the proportion of graphite selected an area with a lower limit of 5% and an upper limit of 30%.

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the polymeric binder is a polyimide resin, in particular a polyamide imide resin.

3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the proportion of the polymeric binder is selected from a range with a lower limit of 30% and an upper limit of 70%.

4. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the proportion of the polymeric binder is selected from a range with a lower limit of 40% and an upper limit of 50%.

5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the proportion of MoS _{2 is} selected from a range with a lower limit of 20% and an upper limit of 45%.

6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the proportion of MoS _{2 is} selected from a range with a lower limit of 35% and an upper limit of 40%.

7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the proportion of graphite is selected from a range with a lower limit of 10% and an upper limit of 25%.

8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the proportion of graphite is selected from a range with a lower limit of 15% and an upper limit of 20%.

9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the ratio of MoS ₂ to graphite is selected from a range with a lower limit of 1.5: 1 and an upper limit of 4.5: 1.

10. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that MoS ₂ are contained as platelets, with an average length selected from a range with a lower limit of 10 microns and an upper limit of 40 microns and / or one middle width selected from a range having a lower limit of 10 μm and an upper limit of 40 μm and / or an average height selected from a range having a lower limit of 2 nm and an upper limit of 20 nm.

11. Device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that MoS ₂ are contained as platelets, with an average length selected from a range with a lower limit of 15 microns and an upper limit of 35 microns and / or a mean width selected from a range having a lower limit of 15 μm and an upper limit of 35 μm and / or an average height selected from a range having a lower limit of 5 nm and an upper limit of 15 nm.

12. Device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that MoS ₂ are contained as platelets, with an average length selected from a range with a lower limit of 18 microns and an upper limit of 25 microns and / or a mean width selected from a range having a lower limit of 18 μm and an upper limit of 25 μm and / or an average height selected from a range having a lower limit of 5 nm and an upper limit of 8 nm.

13. Device according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the graphite has a grain size selected from a range with a lower limit of 2 microns and an upper limit of 8 microns.

14. Device according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the coated surface has an arithmetic mean roughness Ra according to DIN EN ISO 4287, which is selected from a range having a lower limit of 0.2 microns and an upper limit of 1 , 5 μm.

15. Device according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the coated surface has an arithmetic mean roughness Ra according to DIN EN ISO 4287, which is selected from a range having a lower limit of 0.5 microns and an upper limit of 1 , 0 μm.

16. Device according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the coated surface has an arithmetic mean roughness Ra according to DIN EN ISO 4287, which is selected from a range having a lower limit of 0.8 microns and an upper limit of 0th , 9 μm.

17. Device according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the coated surface has a maximum roughness profile height Rz according to DIN EN ISO 4287, which is selected from a range having a lower limit of 0.5 microns and an upper limit of 10 microns.

18. Device according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the coated surface has a maximum roughness profile height Rz according to DIN EN ISO 4287, which is selected from a range with a lower limit of 3 microns and an upper limit of 8 microns.

19. Device according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the coated surface has a maximum roughness profile height Rz according to DIN EN ISO 4287, which is selected from a range with a lower limit of 5 microns and an upper limit of 6 microns.

20. Device according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the lubricating varnish has an average layer thickness which is selected from a range having a lower limit of 1 micron and an upper limit of 40 microns.

21. Device according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the lubricating varnish has an average layer thickness, which is selected from a range having a lower limit of 3 microns and an upper limit of 30 microns.

22. Device according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the lubricating varnish has an average layer thickness, which is selected from a range having a lower limit of 4 microns and an upper limit of 25 microns.

23. Device according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the lubricating varnish has a hardness after Vickers after drying, which is selected from a range with a lower limit of 20 HV and an upper limit of 45 HV.

24. Device according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the lubricating varnish has a hardness after Vickers after drying, which is selected from a range with a lower limit of 22 HV and an upper limit of 35 HV.

25. Device according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the lubricating varnish has a hardness after Vickers after drying, which is selected from a range with a lower limit of 25 HV and an upper limit of 30 HV.

26. Device according to one of claims 1 to 25, characterized in that the friction assembly and / or bearing assembly is formed by a threaded assembly or a sliding bearing assembly.

27. Anti-friction paste with a polymeric binder in which molybdenum disulfide (MoS ₂ ) and graphite are contained as solid lubricants, characterized in that the proportion of the polymeric binder is selected from a range with a lower limit of 20% and an upper limit of 80%, the proportion of MoS _{2 is} selected from a range with a lower limit of 15% and an upper limit of 50% and the proportion of graphite is selected from a range with a lower limit of 5% and an upper limit of 30%.

28. Anti-friction paste according to claim 27, characterized in that it is composed according to the characterizing features of at least one of claims 2 to 13.

29. Anti-friction dispersion with a polymeric binder in at least one dispersion medium in which molybdenum disulfide (MoS ₂ ) and graphite are contained as solid lubricants, characterized in that the proportion of the polymeric binder in the anti-friction dispersion is selected from a range with a lower limit of 20%. and an upper limit of 40%, the content of MoS _{2 is} selected from a range having a lower limit of 15% and an upper limit of 25%, and the content of graphite is selected from a range having a lower limit of 5% and an upper limit of 15%, and the remainder forms the dispersant.

30. Anti-friction dispersion according to claim 29, characterized in that the proportion of the polymeric binder in the anti-friction dispersion is selected from a range with a lower limit of 25% and an upper limit of 35%.

31. An anti-friction dispersion according to claim 29, characterized in that the proportion of the polymeric binder in the anti-friction dispersion is selected from a range with a lower limit of 27.5% and an upper limit of 30%.

32. Anti-friction dispersion according to one of claims 29 to 31, characterized in that the polymeric binder is a polyimide resin, in particular a polyamide-imide resin.

33. Anti-friction dispersion according to any one of claims 29 to 32, characterized in that the proportion of MoS ₂ in the anti-friction dispersion is selected from a range with a lower limit of 17% and an upper limit of 22%.

34. Anti-friction dispersion according to any one of claims 29 to 32, characterized in that the proportion of MoS ₂ in the anti-friction dispersion is selected from a range with a lower limit of 18.5% and an upper limit of 21.5%.

35. Anti-friction dispersion according to any one of claims 29 to 34, characterized in that the proportion of MoS ₂ in the Antirrilctionsdispersion is 20%.

36. Antirriltrationdispersion according to one of claims 29 to 35, characterized in that the proportion of graphite in the Antirrilctionsdispersion is selected from a range with a lower limit of 7% and an upper limit of 13%.

37. Antirriltrationdispersion according to one of claims 29 to 35, characterized in that the proportion of graphite in the anti-friction dispersion is selected from a range with a lower limit of 8.5% and an upper limit of 11.5%.

38. Antirriltrationdispersion according to one of claims 29 to 35, characterized in that a proportion of graphite in the anti-frictional dispersion is 10%.

39. Antifriction dispersion according to one of claims 29 to 35, characterized in that it is composed according to the characterizing features of at least one of claims 9 to 13.

40. Method for preventing seizure, in particular cold welding, of two co-operating surfaces of each element under vacuum, after which at least one of the surfaces of an element is coated, at least in the region of interaction, with a bonded coating comprising a polymeric binder in the molybdenum sulfide (MoS ₂ ) and graphite are contained as solid lubricants, characterized in that the lubricating varnish is formed from an anti-friction paste according to one of claims 27 or 28 and / or from an anti-friction dispersion according to any one of claims 29 to 39.

41. Use of a lubricating varnish, in particular of a polymer selected from a group comprising polytetrafluoroethylene, fluorine-containing resins, such as Polyflouralkoxy-polytetrafluoroethylene copolymers, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene, fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymers, polyvinyl fluoride, polyimide resins, in particular aromatic, polyamide-imides , in particular aromatic, polyaryletherimides, optionally modified with isocyanates, epoxyharden ze, phenolic resins, polyamide 6, polyamide 66, polyoxymethylene, silicones, polyaryletherketones, polyaryl ether ether ketones, polyvinylidene diflourides, polyethylene sulfides, allylene sulfide, polytriazo pyromellithimides, polyester imides, polyaryl sulfides, polyvinyl sulfides, polysulfones, polyarylsulfones, polyaryloxides, mixtures and copolymers thereof, inter alia High vacuum or ultrahigh vacuum conditions, in particular for producing a layer for a plain bearing.

42. Use according to claim 41, characterized in that a proportion of the polymer on the lubricating varnish is selected from a range with a lower limit of 30 wt .-% and an upper limit of 95 wt .-%.

43. Use according to claim 41, characterized in that a proportion of the polymer on the lubricating varnish is selected from a range with a lower limit of 50 wt .-% and an upper limit of 85 wt .-%.

44. Use according to claim 41, characterized in that a proportion of the polymer on the lubricating varnish is selected from a range with a lower limit of 70 wt .-% and an upper limit of 75 wt .-%.

45. Use according to one of claims 41 to 44, characterized in that the lubricating varnish contains at least one additive which is different from the polymer and selected from a group comprising lubricants, such as MoS ₂ , h-BN, WS ₂ , graphite, polytetrafluoroethylene, Pb, Pb-Sn alloys, CF ₂ , PbF ₂ , hard materials, such as CrO ₃ . Fe ₃ O ₄ , PbO, ZnO, CdO, Al ₂ O ₃ , SiC, Si ₃ N ₄ , SiO ₂₅ Si ₃ N ₄ , clay, talc, TiO ₂ , mullite, CaC ₂ , Zn, AlN, Fe ₃ P, Fe ₂ B, Ni ₂ B, FeB, metal sulfides, such as ZnS, Ag ₂ S, CuS, FeS, FeS ₂ , Sb ₂ S ₃ , PbS, Bi ₂ S ₃ , CdS, fibers, in particular inorganic, such as glass, Carbon, potassium titanate, whiskers, for example SiC, metal fibers, for example of Cu or steel, and mixtures thereof.