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EP2085995A1 - Vacuum bulb for an electric cut-off device at least providing the function of a disconnecting switch - Google Patents

Vacuum bulb for an electric cut-off device at least providing the function of a disconnecting switch Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2085995A1
EP2085995A1 EP08354090A EP08354090A EP2085995A1 EP 2085995 A1 EP2085995 A1 EP 2085995A1 EP 08354090 A EP08354090 A EP 08354090A EP 08354090 A EP08354090 A EP 08354090A EP 2085995 A1 EP2085995 A1 EP 2085995A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
bulb
movable contact
fixed
vacuum
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP08354090A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2085995B1 (en
Inventor
Hans Schellekens
Olivier Cardoletti
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schneider Electric Industries SAS
Original Assignee
Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schneider Electric Industries SAS filed Critical Schneider Electric Industries SAS
Publication of EP2085995A1 publication Critical patent/EP2085995A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2085995B1 publication Critical patent/EP2085995B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66207—Specific housing details, e.g. sealing, soldering or brazing
    • H01H2033/6623—Details relating to the encasing or the outside layers of the vacuum switch housings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
    • H01H2033/6668—Operating arrangements with a plurality of interruptible circuit paths in single vacuum chamber
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H31/00—Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H31/003—Earthing switches

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a vacuum interrupter for an electrical switching device comprising, housed in a substantially cylindrical envelope closed by two bottoms, a first substantially annular fixed contact substantially mounted in the center of the bulb radially extending inside the bulb, a second fixed contact secured to one of the bottoms of the bulb and extending substantially parallel to the axis of the bulb, and a movable contact slidably mounted through the other of the two bottoms and extending substantially parallel to the axis of the bulb, one of the fixed contacts being electrically connected to the earth of an external circuit, the other of the fixed contacts being electrically connected to the source (or initially) of said circuit and the movable contact being electrically connected to the start (or respectively to the source) of said circuit, said movable contact being movable between a position of contact with one of the fixed contacts and a contact position with the other of the fixed contacts.
  • Such a bulb generally contains three contacts respectively two fixed contacts and a movable contact. These three contacts are intended to be respectively connected to three connection points of an electrical system outside the bulb. One of these connection points realizes the earth function or the mass of the electrical system. The second of these points represents the source of the electrical system by which the current arrives. The third of these points is a starting point of the flow towards the customer.
  • the contacts of the bulb are connected to one or other of these points, the mobile contact being rarely connected to the earth function.
  • the movable contact can move between two positions, respectively a position in which the movable contact is in contact with a said one of the fixed contacts and a position in which the movable contact is in contact with the second fixed contact.
  • the movable contact can be connected to the start of the electrical system.
  • One of the fixed contacts may be connected to the earth of the electrical system and the second fixed contact connected to the source of the electrical system.
  • the functions performed in such a bulb are at least two, namely the function ensuring the continuity of service, and the function ensuring the grounding of a part of the electrical system, either the source or the start. During this grounding of the system, a sectioning is obtained between the source and the departure. These two functions are obtained by putting the moving contact in one or the other extreme position.
  • Other functions can be realized in addition to the disconnector function with the same device, for example the switch function or the disconnector function without earthing.
  • the switch function cuts the current flowing from the source to the customer.
  • the ungrounded disconnector function is used to electrically separate all contacts.
  • the patent is known DE 2037234 describing a light bulb performing the disconnector and earthing functions. The purpose of this type of bulb is to provide several functions in the same bulb in order to then realize a savings in size or cost or both.
  • the following table shows the diameter and height of the known bulbs when they perform for one in 1, the switch function, for another, in 2, the circuit breaker function, and for a third in 3, the disconnector function with the earth such as that described in the aforementioned patent, for different voltage values.
  • Light switch 50 90 60 120 75 160 2 breaker 60 120 70 120 100 180 3 isolator 82 160 92 180 122 220 with Mise à Earth
  • the present invention proposes a vacuum interrupter providing the disconnector and earthing function, having reduced dimensions, and allowing integration into the said bulb of the circuit breaker function.
  • the subject of the present invention is a vacuum interrupter for an electrical switching device of the kind mentioned above, this bulb being characterized in that the bearing surface of the moving contact on the first fixed contact is in the form of a moon. growing.
  • the first fixed contact comprises a disk having a circular opening off-center with respect to the axis of the bulb and allowing the passage of the movable contact.
  • the movable contact has a disc centered on the axis of the bulb.
  • the movable contact is in contact with the first fixed contact by a lower surface of the disc facing the opening of the bulb through which the movable contact is slidably mounted.
  • the movable contact has a recess shaped to receive a part of the aforementioned first contact, one of the surfaces defining the recess forming at least partly a bearing surface of the movable contact on the first fixed contact.
  • said recess is shaped so that said movable contact has a first portion constituting the contact disc centered on the axis of the bulb, a second cylindrical portion offset from the axis of the bulb and having a height corresponding to that of the above mentioned, and a third cylindrical portion centered with respect to the axis of the bulb.
  • said vacuum bulb having two dielectric screens mounted around the contacts, said screens being placed end to end and supporting at their ends opposite the first fixed contact, said bulb is characterized in that the two aforementioned screens have a conical shape, their diameter being larger on the side of the middle of the bulb.
  • the aforementioned screens are made of ceramic.
  • the envelope of the bulb is made by epoxy overmolding, the epoxy layer having a thickness increasing from the center to the ends of the bulb.
  • the envelope of the bulb is covered with a conductive layer electrically connected to the ground.
  • said bulb comprises means for producing a radial or axial magnetic field so as to provide the circuit breaker function
  • the surface of the first fixed contact intended to come into contact with the movable contact comprises a plurality of distinct contact points projecting.
  • these points comprise at least three points of contact forming a triangle, said points being separated by the same distance from the axis of the bulb.
  • the first fixed contact is connected to earth while the second fixed contact is connected to the source, and the movable contact is connected to the start of the external circuit.
  • This bulb A intended to provide the function sectioning and grounding in an electrical circuit.
  • This bulb A comprises in known manner a casing 1 of substantially cylindrical shape closed by two bottoms 3,4 filled with vacuum 2.
  • This envelope contains a first fixed contact 5 connected to the earth T of an external system, a second contact fixed 6 electrically connected to the source of an external system receiving a power supply, and a movable contact 7 electrically connected to the start of the electrical system and allowing the distribution of the current to the customer.
  • the continuity of service function is provided when the movable contact 15 which is connected to the start is in contact with the second fixed contact 16 which is electrically connected to the aforementioned source.
  • the earth contact T or first fixed contact is annular and cooperates with the movable contact 7 in the form of disk.
  • an annular portion 8 of the lower surface 9 of the contact disc 10 is in contact with an end also annular end portion 11 of the upper surface 12 of the earth contact T.
  • the earth contact 13 comprises a disk 14 comprising a circular passage 14a off-center with respect to the axis X of the bulb and through which the movable contact 15 passes.
  • the second fixed contact 16 is constituted by a cylindrical portion passing through the upper bottom wall 3 of the bulb A.
  • the movable contact 15 comprises a first part 17 forming a contact disc, a second part 18 having a recess 19 intended to receive the earth contact 13, and a third part 20 formed by a cylindrical part similar to that of the second fixed contact 16 and passing through the bottom wall 4 of the bulb A.
  • One 21 of the walls of the recess 19 constitutes an annular surface intended to be brought into contact with the surface 22 facing the earth contact 13.
  • the contact surface S between the two surfaces respectively of the movable contact 15 and the earth contact 13 is in the shape of an increasing moon as illustrated on the figure 3 .
  • the earth contact 13 comprises three contact pads 23,24,25 arranged in a triangle and all located at the same distance from the axis X of the bulb.
  • the table shown below is a table identical to the one already presented above but further comprising the data relating to the device according to the invention.
  • Light switch 50 90 60 120 75 160 2 breaker 60 120 70 120 100 180 3 Disconnector with Grounding 82 160 92 180 122 220 4 According to invention Figure 3 and 6 (conical) 67 140 75 140 100 180
  • the radial dimensions of a bulb according to the invention indicated on line 4 are equivalent to those of circuit breakers for the same voltage. This allows for more compact power distribution systems.
  • the reduction in the height obtained makes it possible to integrate the circuit breaker function into the bulb, as illustrated in FIG. figure 5 .
  • the bulb is equipped with RMF contacts 26,27 adapted to a radial magnetic field.
  • RMF contacts 26,27 adapted to a radial magnetic field.
  • AMF internal coil contacts adapted to the production of an axial magnetic field.
  • another embodiment of the bulb has been shown, which comprises ceramics screens 28,29 of conical shape, this to obtain a further reduction in the size of the bulb.
  • the maximum radial width of the bulb remains restricted at the earth contact, the width being reduced at both ends.
  • This embodiment is advantageous for applications using gas insulation, or in case of over molding of the bulb by means of epoxy 31 in the presence of a screen connected to the ground as illustrated in this figure 4 .
  • the conical shape of the ceramics makes it possible to achieve a better development of the electric field between the interior of the bulb and the insulation.
  • the outer surface of the bulb is covered with a conductive layer 30 which is grounded.
  • the thickness of the epoxy layer is determined by the dielectric stresses at the ends of the bulb. A significant reduction in the radial width of the casing is achieved by thereby varying this epoxy thickness.
  • the fixed contact of the medium is connected to the earth, the second contact fixed to the source and the moving contact at the start, other embodiments are possible.
  • the movable contact may be connected to the source and the first fixed contact to earth while the second fixed contact will be connected initially, or vice versa for the fixed contacts.
  • a vacuum bulb has been produced in which the maximum radial width of the bulb is reduced to the height of the earth contact.

Landscapes

  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)

Abstract

The bulb (A) has an envelope (1) with a fixed contact (13) mounted at center of the bulb by extending radially inside the bulb. Another fixed contact (16) is integrated to bottom (3) of the bulb. A movable contact (15) is slidingly mounted on another bottom (4) of the bulb. The fixed contacts are connected to ground and a source of an external circuit, respectively. The movable contact is displaced between two contact positions in contact with the fixed contacts. A support surface of the movable contact on the fixed contact (13) is in the shape of rising moon.

Description

La présente invention concerne une ampoule à vide pour un appareil électrique de coupure comprenant, logés dans une enveloppe de forme sensiblement cylindrique fermée par deux fonds, un premier contact fixe de forme sensiblement annulaire monté sensiblement au centre de l'ampoule en s'étendant radialement à l'intérieur de l'ampoule, un second contact fixe solidaire de l'un des fonds de l'ampoule et s'étendant sensiblement parallèlement à l'axe de l'ampoule, et un contact mobile monté coulissant à travers l'autre des deux fonds et s'étendant sensiblement parallèlement à l'axe de l'ampoule, l'un des contacts fixe étant relié électriquement à la terre d'un circuit extérieur, l'autre des contacts fixes étant relié électriquement à la source (ou au départ) dudit circuit et le contact mobile étant relié électriquement au départ ( ou respectivement à la source) dudit circuit, ledit contact mobile étant déplaçable entre une position de contact avec l'un des contacts fixes et une position de contact avec l'autre des contacts fixes.The present invention relates to a vacuum interrupter for an electrical switching device comprising, housed in a substantially cylindrical envelope closed by two bottoms, a first substantially annular fixed contact substantially mounted in the center of the bulb radially extending inside the bulb, a second fixed contact secured to one of the bottoms of the bulb and extending substantially parallel to the axis of the bulb, and a movable contact slidably mounted through the other of the two bottoms and extending substantially parallel to the axis of the bulb, one of the fixed contacts being electrically connected to the earth of an external circuit, the other of the fixed contacts being electrically connected to the source (or initially) of said circuit and the movable contact being electrically connected to the start (or respectively to the source) of said circuit, said movable contact being movable between a position of contact with one of the fixed contacts and a contact position with the other of the fixed contacts.

Une telle ampoule renferme en général trois contacts respectivement deux contacts fixes et un contact mobile. Ces trois contacts sont destinés à être reliés respectivement à trois points de raccordement d'un système électrique extérieur à l'ampoule. L'un de ces points de raccordement réalise la fonction terre ou la masse du système électrique. Le second de ces points représente la source du système électrique par laquelle le courant arrive. Le troisième de ces points constitue un point de départ du courant vers le client.
Les contacts de l'ampoule sont raccordés à l'un ou l'autre de ces points, le contact mobile étant rarement relié à la fonction terre.
Le contact mobile peut se déplacer entre deux positions, respectivement une position dans laquelle le contact mobile est en contact avec l'un dit premier des contacts fixe et une position dans laquelle le contact mobile est en contact avec le second contact fixe.
Par exemple, le contact mobile peut être relié au départ du système électrique. L'un des contacts fixes peut être relié à la terre du système électrique et le second contact fixe relié à la source du système électrique.
Les fonctions réalisées dans une telle ampoule sont au minimum de deux à savoir la fonction assurant la continuité de service, et la fonction assurant la mise à la terre d'une partie du système électrique, soit la source, soit le départ. Lors de cette mise à la terre du système, un sectionnement est obtenu entre la source et le départ. Ces deux fonctions sont obtenues en mettant le contact mobile dans l'une ou l'autre position extrême.
D'autres fonctions peuvent être réalisées en plus de la fonction sectionneur avec le même dispositif, par exemple la fonction interrupteur ou la fonction sectionneur sans mise à la terre.
La fonction interrupteur réalise la coupure du courant qui circule de la source vers le client. Pour réaliser cette fonction, il faut déplacer le contact mobile vers la position ouverte rapidement sur une distance suffisante pour éteindre l'arc qui se forme lors de la séparation du contact mobile et du contact fixe. La fonction sectionneur sans mise à la terre permet de séparer électriquement tous les contacts.
On connaît le brevet DE 2037234 décrivant une ampoule réalisant les fonctions sectionneur et mise à la terre. L'objectif de ce type d'ampoule est d'assurer plusieurs fonctions dans une même ampoule afin de réaliser ensuite une économie soit en encombrement soit en coût ou les deux.Such a bulb generally contains three contacts respectively two fixed contacts and a movable contact. These three contacts are intended to be respectively connected to three connection points of an electrical system outside the bulb. One of these connection points realizes the earth function or the mass of the electrical system. The second of these points represents the source of the electrical system by which the current arrives. The third of these points is a starting point of the flow towards the customer.
The contacts of the bulb are connected to one or other of these points, the mobile contact being rarely connected to the earth function.
The movable contact can move between two positions, respectively a position in which the movable contact is in contact with a said one of the fixed contacts and a position in which the movable contact is in contact with the second fixed contact.
For example, the movable contact can be connected to the start of the electrical system. One of the fixed contacts may be connected to the earth of the electrical system and the second fixed contact connected to the source of the electrical system.
The functions performed in such a bulb are at least two, namely the function ensuring the continuity of service, and the function ensuring the grounding of a part of the electrical system, either the source or the start. During this grounding of the system, a sectioning is obtained between the source and the departure. These two functions are obtained by putting the moving contact in one or the other extreme position.
Other functions can be realized in addition to the disconnector function with the same device, for example the switch function or the disconnector function without earthing.
The switch function cuts the current flowing from the source to the customer. To perform this function, it is necessary to move the movable contact to the open position rapidly for a distance sufficient to extinguish the arc that forms during the separation of the movable contact and the fixed contact. The ungrounded disconnector function is used to electrically separate all contacts.
The patent is known DE 2037234 describing a light bulb performing the disconnector and earthing functions. The purpose of this type of bulb is to provide several functions in the same bulb in order to then realize a savings in size or cost or both.

Le tableau suivant indique les diamètre et hauteur des ampoules connues lorsqu'elles réalisent pour l'une en 1, la fonction interrupteur, pour une autre, en 2, la fonction disjoncteur, et pour une troisième en 3, la fonction sectionneur avec mise à la terre telle celle décrite dans le brevet précité, pour différentes valeurs de tension. LIGNE Fonction ampoule 12 kV 24 kV 36 kV Diamètre Hauteur Diamètre Hauteur Diamètre Hauteur En mm En mm En mm En mm En mm En mm 1 Interrupteur 50 90 60 120 75 160 2 Disjoncteur 60 120 70 120 100 180 3 Sectionneur 82 160 92 180 122 220 avec Mise à la terre The following table shows the diameter and height of the known bulbs when they perform for one in 1, the switch function, for another, in 2, the circuit breaker function, and for a third in 3, the disconnector function with the earth such as that described in the aforementioned patent, for different voltage values. LINE Light bulb function 12 kV 24 kV 36 kV Diameter Height Diameter Height Diameter Height In mm In mm In mm In mm In mm In mm 1 Light switch 50 90 60 120 75 160 2 breaker 60 120 70 120 100 180 3 isolator 82 160 92 180 122 220 with Mise à Earth

On voit sur ce tableau que pour une même tension, les dimensions de l'ampoule, lorsqu'elle réalise la fonction sectionneur avec mise à la terre, sont plus importantes que les dimensions des ampoules lorsque celles-ci réalisent les fonctions interrupteur ou disjoncteur seules.It can be seen from this table that for the same voltage, the dimensions of the bulb, when it carries out the disconnector function with earthing, are more important than the dimensions of the bulbs when they perform the functions switch or circuit breaker alone.

La présente invention propose une ampoule à vide assurant la fonction sectionneur et mise à la terre, présentant des dimensions réduites, et permettant l'intégration dans ladite ampoule de la fonction disjoncteur.The present invention proposes a vacuum interrupter providing the disconnector and earthing function, having reduced dimensions, and allowing integration into the said bulb of the circuit breaker function.

A cet effet, la présente invention a pour objet une ampoule à vide pour un appareil électrique de coupure du genre précédemment mentionné, cette ampoule étant caractérisée en ce que la surface d'appui du contact mobile sur le premier contact fixe est en forme de lune croissante.For this purpose, the subject of the present invention is a vacuum interrupter for an electrical switching device of the kind mentioned above, this bulb being characterized in that the bearing surface of the moving contact on the first fixed contact is in the form of a moon. growing.

Selon une autre caractéristique, le premier contact fixe comporte un disque comportant une ouverture circulaire décentrée par rapport à l'axe de l'ampoule et permettant le passage du contact mobile.According to another characteristic, the first fixed contact comprises a disk having a circular opening off-center with respect to the axis of the bulb and allowing the passage of the movable contact.

Selon une autre caractéristique, le contact mobile comporte un disque centré sur l'axe de l'ampoule.According to another feature, the movable contact has a disc centered on the axis of the bulb.

Selon une autre caractéristique, le contact mobile est en contact avec le premier contact fixe par une surface inférieure du disque orientée vers l'ouverture de l'ampoule à travers laquelle le contact mobile est monté coulissant.According to another characteristic, the movable contact is in contact with the first fixed contact by a lower surface of the disc facing the opening of the bulb through which the movable contact is slidably mounted.

Selon une autre caractéristique, le contact mobile comporte un évidement conformé de manière à recevoir une partie du premier contact précité, l'une des surfaces délimitant l'évidement formant au moins en partie une surface d'appui du contact mobile sur le premier contact fixe.According to another characteristic, the movable contact has a recess shaped to receive a part of the aforementioned first contact, one of the surfaces defining the recess forming at least partly a bearing surface of the movable contact on the first fixed contact. .

Selon une autre caractéristique, ledit évidement est conformé de manière que ledit contact mobile comporte une première partie constituant le disque de contact centré sur l'axe de l'ampoule, une seconde partie cylindrique désaxée par rapport à l'axe de l'ampoule et présentant une hauteur correspondant à celle de l'évidemment précité, et une troisième partie cylindrique centrée par rapport à l'axe de l'ampoule.According to another feature, said recess is shaped so that said movable contact has a first portion constituting the contact disc centered on the axis of the bulb, a second cylindrical portion offset from the axis of the bulb and having a height corresponding to that of the above mentioned, and a third cylindrical portion centered with respect to the axis of the bulb.

Selon une autre caractéristique, ladite ampoule à vide comportant deux écrans diélectriques montés autour des contacts, lesdits écrans étant mis bout à bout et supportant à leurs extrémités en regard le premier contact fixe, ladite ampoule est caractérisée en ce que les deux écrans précités présentent une forme conique, leur diamètre étant plus important du côté du milieu de l'ampoule.According to another characteristic, said vacuum bulb having two dielectric screens mounted around the contacts, said screens being placed end to end and supporting at their ends opposite the first fixed contact, said bulb is characterized in that the two aforementioned screens have a conical shape, their diameter being larger on the side of the middle of the bulb.

Selon une autre caractéristique, les écrans précités sont réalisés en céramique.According to another characteristic, the aforementioned screens are made of ceramic.

Selon une caractéristique particulière, l'enveloppe de l'ampoule est réalisée par surmoulage en epoxy, la couche d'époxy ayant une épaisseur croissante à partir du centre vers les extrémités de l'ampoule.According to a particular characteristic, the envelope of the bulb is made by epoxy overmolding, the epoxy layer having a thickness increasing from the center to the ends of the bulb.

Selon une autre caractéristique, l'enveloppe de l'ampoule est recouverte d'une couche conductrice reliée électriquement à la terre.According to another characteristic, the envelope of the bulb is covered with a conductive layer electrically connected to the ground.

Selon une autre caractéristique, ladite ampoule comporte des moyens de production d'un champs magnétique radial ou axial de manière à assurer la fonction disjoncteurAccording to another characteristic, said bulb comprises means for producing a radial or axial magnetic field so as to provide the circuit breaker function

Selon une autre caractéristique, la surface du premier contact fixe destinée à venir en contact avec le contact mobile comporte plusieurs points de contact distincts en saillie.According to another characteristic, the surface of the first fixed contact intended to come into contact with the movable contact comprises a plurality of distinct contact points projecting.

Avantageusement, ces points comprennent au moins trois points de contact formant un triangle, lesdits points étant séparés d'une même distance de l'axe de l'ampoule.Advantageously, these points comprise at least three points of contact forming a triangle, said points being separated by the same distance from the axis of the bulb.

Selon une réalisation particulière, le premier contact fixe est relié à la terre tandis que le second contact fixe est relié à la source, et le contact mobile est relié au départ du circuit extérieur.According to a particular embodiment, the first fixed contact is connected to earth while the second fixed contact is connected to the source, and the movable contact is connected to the start of the external circuit.

Mais d'autres avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention apparaîtront mieux dans la description détaillée qui suit et se réfère aux dessins annexés donnés uniquement à titre d'exemple et dans lesquels :

  • La figure 1 est une vue en coupe axiale d'une ampoule à vide selon l'art antérieur,
  • La figure 2 est une vue en coupe axiale d'une même ampoule à vide selon l'invention,
  • La figure 3 est une vue en coupe radiale suivant B-B de la figure précédente,
  • La figure 4 est une vue en coupe axiale d'une ampoule selon une autre réalisation de l'invention et,
  • La figure 5 est une vue en coupe axiale d'une ampoule à vide selon une autre réalisation de l'invention.
But other advantages and features of the invention will become more apparent in the detailed description which follows and refers to the accompanying drawings given solely by way of example and in which:
  • The figure 1 is an axial sectional view of a vacuum interrupter according to the prior art,
  • The figure 2 is an axial sectional view of the same vacuum interrupter according to the invention,
  • The figure 3 is a radial sectional view along BB of the previous figure,
  • The figure 4 is an axial sectional view of an ampoule according to another embodiment of the invention and,
  • The figure 5 is an axial sectional view of a vacuum interrupter according to another embodiment of the invention.

Sur les figures, on voit une ampoule A destinée à assurer la fonction sectionnement et mise à la terre dans un circuit électrique. Cette ampoule A comporte de manière connue en soi une enveloppe 1 de forme sensiblement cylindrique obturée par deux fonds 3,4 remplie de vide 2. Cette enveloppe renferme un premier contact fixe 5 relié à la terre T d'un système extérieur, un second contact fixe 6 relié électriquement à la source d'un système extérieur recevant une alimentation électrique, et un contact mobile 7 relié électriquement au départ du système électrique et permettant la distribution du courant vers le client.
La fonction continuité de service est assurée lorsque le contact mobile 15 qui est relié au départ est en contact avec le second contact fixe 16 qui est relié électriquement à la source précitée.
La fonction mise à la terre est assurée lorsque le contact mobile 15 est en contact avec le premier contact fixe 13 relié électriquement à la terre T. Dans ce cas, un sectionnement est obtenu entre la source et le départ.
Dans le dispositif selon l'art antérieur tel qu'illustré sur la figure 1, le contact de terre T ou premier contact fixe est de forme annulaire et coopère avec le contact mobile 7 en forme de disque. Pour ce faire, une partie annulaire 8 de la surface inférieure 9 du disque de contact 10 est en contact avec une partie d'extrémité également annulaire 11 de la surface supérieure 12 du contact terre T.
Selon la réalisation de l'invention, le contact de terre 13 comporte un disque 14 comportant un passage circulaire 14a décentré par rapport à l'axe X de l'ampoule et par lequel passe le contact mobile 15.
Le second contact fixe 16 est constitué par une partie cylindrique traversant la paroi de fond supérieure 3 de l'ampoule A.
Le contact mobile 15 comporte une première partie 17 formant un disque de contact, une seconde partie 18 présentant un évidemment 19 destiné à recevoir le contact de terre 13, et une troisième partie 20 formée par une partie cylindrique similaire à celle du second contact fixe 16 et traversant la paroi inférieure 4 de l'ampoule A.
L'une 21 des parois de l'évidemment 19 constitue une surface annulaire destinée à être amenée en contact avec la surface 22 en regard du contact terre 13. La surface de contact S entre les deux surfaces respectivement du contact mobile 15 et du contact terre 13 est en forme de lune croissante tel qu'illustré sur la figure 3.
Comme ceci est également représenté sur la figure 3, le contact terre 13 comporte trois plots de contact 23,24,25 disposés en triangle et situés tous à une même distance de l'axe X de l'ampoule.
Le tableau représenté ci-après est un tableau identique à celui déjà présenté précédemment mais comportant en outre les données concernant le dispositif selon l'invention. LIGNE Fonction ampoule 12 kV 24 kV 36 kV Diamètre En mm Hauteur En mm Diamètre En mm Hauteur En mm Diamètre En mm Hauteur En mm 1 Interrupteur 50 90 60 120 75 160 2 Disjoncteur 60 120 70 120 100 180 3 Sectionneur avec Mise à la terre 82 160 92 180 122 220 4 Selon invention Figure 3 et 6 (conique) 67 140 75 140 100 180 In the figures, we see a bulb A intended to provide the function sectioning and grounding in an electrical circuit. This bulb A comprises in known manner a casing 1 of substantially cylindrical shape closed by two bottoms 3,4 filled with vacuum 2. This envelope contains a first fixed contact 5 connected to the earth T of an external system, a second contact fixed 6 electrically connected to the source of an external system receiving a power supply, and a movable contact 7 electrically connected to the start of the electrical system and allowing the distribution of the current to the customer.
The continuity of service function is provided when the movable contact 15 which is connected to the start is in contact with the second fixed contact 16 which is electrically connected to the aforementioned source.
The grounded function is provided when the movable contact 15 is in contact with the first fixed contact 13 electrically connected to the ground T. In this case, a sectioning is obtained between the source and the start.
In the device according to the prior art as illustrated on the figure 1 , the earth contact T or first fixed contact is annular and cooperates with the movable contact 7 in the form of disk. To do this, an annular portion 8 of the lower surface 9 of the contact disc 10 is in contact with an end also annular end portion 11 of the upper surface 12 of the earth contact T.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the earth contact 13 comprises a disk 14 comprising a circular passage 14a off-center with respect to the axis X of the bulb and through which the movable contact 15 passes.
The second fixed contact 16 is constituted by a cylindrical portion passing through the upper bottom wall 3 of the bulb A.
The movable contact 15 comprises a first part 17 forming a contact disc, a second part 18 having a recess 19 intended to receive the earth contact 13, and a third part 20 formed by a cylindrical part similar to that of the second fixed contact 16 and passing through the bottom wall 4 of the bulb A.
One 21 of the walls of the recess 19 constitutes an annular surface intended to be brought into contact with the surface 22 facing the earth contact 13. The contact surface S between the two surfaces respectively of the movable contact 15 and the earth contact 13 is in the shape of an increasing moon as illustrated on the figure 3 .
As this is also represented on the figure 3 , the earth contact 13 comprises three contact pads 23,24,25 arranged in a triangle and all located at the same distance from the axis X of the bulb.
The table shown below is a table identical to the one already presented above but further comprising the data relating to the device according to the invention. LINE Light bulb function 12 kV 24 kV 36 kV Diameter In mm Height In mm Diameter In mm Height In mm Diameter In mm Height In mm 1 Light switch 50 90 60 120 75 160 2 breaker 60 120 70 120 100 180 3 Disconnector with Grounding 82 160 92 180 122 220 4 According to invention Figure 3 and 6 (conical) 67 140 75 140 100 180

On peut remarquer dans ce tableau que les dimensions radiales d'une ampoule selon l'invention indiquées sur la ligne 4 sont équivalentes à celles des disjoncteurs pour une même tension. Ce qui permet de réaliser des systèmes de distribution électrique plus compacts. De plus la diminution de la hauteur obtenue permet d'intégrer la fonction disjoncteur dans l'ampoule, telle qu'illustrée sur la figure 5. Sur cette figure en effet, l'ampoule est équipée de contacts RMF 26,27 adaptés à un champ magnétique radial. Mais d'autres moyens de coupure pourraient être envisagés, comme des contacts dits AMF à spire interne adaptés à la production d'un champ magnétique axial.
Sur la figure 4, une autre réalisation de l'ampoule a été représentée, laquelle comporte des écrans de céramiques 28,29 de forme conique, ceci permettant d'obtenir une réduction supplémentaire de la taille de l'ampoule. Ainsi, la largeur radiale maximale de l'ampoule reste restreinte au niveau du contact terre, la largeur étant réduite aux deux extrémités. Cette réalisation est avantageuse pour les applications utilisant une isolation au gaz, ou en cas de surmoulage de l'ampoule au moyen d'époxy 31 en présence d'un écran relié à la terre tel qu'illustré sur cette figure 4. La forme conique des céramiques permet en effet de réaliser un meilleur épanouissement du champ électrique entre l'intérieur de l'ampoule et l'isolation. La surface extérieure de l'ampoule est recouverte d'une couche conductrice 30 qui est mise à la terre. L'épaisseur de la couche d'époxy est déterminée par les contraintes diélectriques aux extrémités de l'ampoule. On obtient une réduction notable de la largeur radiale de l'enveloppe en faisant varier ainsi cette épaisseur d'époxy.
On notera que bien que dans la réalisation décrite, le contact fixe du milieu est relié à la terre, le second contact fixe à la source et le contact mobile au départ, d'autres réalisations sont possibles. Par exemple, le contact mobile peut être relié à la source et le premier contact fixe à la terre alors que le second contact fixe sera relié au départ, ou inversement pour les contacts fixes.
On a donc réalisé selon l'invention une ampoule à vide dans laquelle la largeur radiale maximale de l'ampoule est réduite à la hauteur du contact terre.It may be noted in this table that the radial dimensions of a bulb according to the invention indicated on line 4 are equivalent to those of circuit breakers for the same voltage. This allows for more compact power distribution systems. In addition, the reduction in the height obtained makes it possible to integrate the circuit breaker function into the bulb, as illustrated in FIG. figure 5 . In this figure indeed, the bulb is equipped with RMF contacts 26,27 adapted to a radial magnetic field. But other breaking means could be envisaged, such as so-called AMF internal coil contacts adapted to the production of an axial magnetic field.
On the figure 4 , another embodiment of the bulb has been shown, which comprises ceramics screens 28,29 of conical shape, this to obtain a further reduction in the size of the bulb. Thus, the maximum radial width of the bulb remains restricted at the earth contact, the width being reduced at both ends. This embodiment is advantageous for applications using gas insulation, or in case of over molding of the bulb by means of epoxy 31 in the presence of a screen connected to the ground as illustrated in this figure 4 . The conical shape of the ceramics makes it possible to achieve a better development of the electric field between the interior of the bulb and the insulation. The outer surface of the bulb is covered with a conductive layer 30 which is grounded. The thickness of the epoxy layer is determined by the dielectric stresses at the ends of the bulb. A significant reduction in the radial width of the casing is achieved by thereby varying this epoxy thickness.
Note that although in the embodiment described, the fixed contact of the medium is connected to the earth, the second contact fixed to the source and the moving contact at the start, other embodiments are possible. For example, the movable contact may be connected to the source and the first fixed contact to earth while the second fixed contact will be connected initially, or vice versa for the fixed contacts.
Thus, according to the invention, a vacuum bulb has been produced in which the maximum radial width of the bulb is reduced to the height of the earth contact.

Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisation décrits et illustrés qui n'ont été donnés qu'à titre d'exemple. Au contraire, l'invention comprend tous les équivalents techniques des moyens décrits ainsi que leurs combinaison si celles-ci sont réalisées suivant son esprit.Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described and illustrated which have been given by way of example. On the contrary, the invention comprises all the technical equivalents of the means described and their combination if they are carried out according to its spirit.

Claims (14)

Ampoule à vide pour un appareil électrique de coupure comprenant, logés dans une enveloppe de forme sensiblement cylindrique fermée par deux fonds, un premier contact fixe de forme sensiblement annulaire monté sensiblement au centre de l'ampoule en s'étendant radialement à l'intérieur de l'ampoule, un second contact fixe solidaire de l'un des fonds de l'ampoule et s'étendant sensiblement parallèlement à l'axe de l'ampoule, et un contact mobile monté coulissant à travers l'autre des deux fonds et s'étendant sensiblement parallèlement à l'axe de l'ampoule, l'un des contacts fixe étant relié électriquement à la terre d'un circuit extérieur, l'autre des contacts fixes étant relié électriquement à la source (ou au départ) dudit circuit et le contact mobile étant relié électriquement au départ ( ou respectivement à la source) dudit circuit, ledit contact mobile étant déplaçable entre une position de contact avec l'un des contacts fixes et une position de contact avec l'autre des contacts fixes, caractérisée en ce que la surface d'appui S du contact mobile (15) sur le premier contact fixe (13) est en forme de lune croissante.Vacuum bulb for an electric switchgear comprising, housed in a substantially cylindrical envelope closed by two bottoms, a first substantially annular fixed contact mounted substantially in the center of the bulb extending radially inside the the bulb, a second fixed contact secured to one of the bottoms of the bulb and extending substantially parallel to the axis of the bulb, and a movable contact slidably mounted through the other of the two funds and s extending substantially parallel to the axis of the bulb, one of the fixed contacts being electrically connected to the earth of an external circuit, the other of the fixed contacts being electrically connected to the source (or starting point) of said circuit and the movable contact being electrically connected to the start (or respectively to the source) of said circuit, said movable contact being movable between a position of contact with one of the fixed contacts and a position of con contact with the other of the fixed contacts, characterized in that the bearing surface S of the movable contact (15) on the first fixed contact (13) is in the form of an increasing moon. Ampoule à vide selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le premier contact fixe (13) comporte un disque (14) comportant une ouverture circulaire (14a) décentrée par rapport à l'axe X de l'ampoule A et permettant le passage du contact mobile (15).Vacuum bulb according to claim 1, characterized in that the first fixed contact (13) comprises a disc (14) having a circular opening (14a) off-center with respect to the axis X of the bulb A and allowing the passage of the moving contact (15). Ampoule à vide selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que le contact mobile (15) comporte un disque (17) centré sur l'axe (X) de l'ampoule.Vacuum bulb according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the movable contact (15) has a disk (17) centered on the axis (X) of the bulb. Ampoule à vide selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le contact mobile (17) est en contact avec le premier contact fixe (13) par une surface inférieure (21) du disque (17) orientée vers l'ouverture de l'ampoule A à travers laquelle le contact mobile (15) est monté coulissant.Vacuum bulb according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the movable contact (17) is in contact with the first fixed contact (13) by a lower surface (21) of the disc (17) facing the opening of the bulb A through which the movable contact (15) is slidably mounted. Ampoule à vide selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le contact mobile (15) comporte un évidement (19) conformé de manière à recevoir une partie du premier contact précité (13), l'une (21) des surfaces délimitant l'évidement (19) formant au moins en partie une surface d'appui S du contact mobile (15) sur le premier contact fixe (13).Vacuum bulb according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the movable contact (15) has a recess (19) shaped to receive a portion of said first contact (13), one (21) of delimiting surfaces the recess (19) at least partially forming a bearing surface S of the movable contact (15) on the first fixed contact (13). Ampoule à vide selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que ledit évidement (19) est conformé de manière que ledit contact mobile (15) comporte une première partie (17) constituant le disque de contact centré sur l'axe de l'ampoule, une seconde partie cylindrique (18) désaxée par rapport à l'axe X de l'ampoule A et présentant une hauteur correspondant à celle de l'évidement précité (19), et une troisième partie cylindrique (20) centrée par rapport à l'axe X de l'ampoule A.Vacuum bulb according to claim 5, characterized in that said recess (19) is shaped so that said movable contact (15) has a first portion (17) constituting the contact disc centered on the axis of the bulb, a second cylindrical portion (18) offset from the axis X of the bulb A and having a height corresponding to that of the aforementioned recess (19), and a third cylindrical portion (20) centered relative to the X axis of bulb A. Ampoule à vide selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comportant deux écrans diélectriques (28,29) montés autour des contacts, lesdits écrans étant mis bout à bout et supportant à leurs extrémités en regard le premier contact fixe (13), caractérisée en ce que les deux écrans précités (28,29) présentent une forme conique, leur diamètre étant plus important du côté du milieu de l'ampoule.Vacuum bulb according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising two dielectric screens (28,29) mounted around the contacts, said screens being placed end to end and supporting at their ends facing the first fixed contact (13), characterized in that that the two aforementioned screens (28,29) have a conical shape, their diameter being greater on the side of the middle of the bulb. Ampoule à vide selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que les écrans précités (28,29) sont réalisés en céramique.Vacuum bulb according to claim 7, characterized in that the aforementioned screens (28,29) are made of ceramic. Ampoule à vide selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que son enveloppe (1) est réalisée par surmoulage en epoxy (31), la couche d'époxy ayant une épaisseur croissante à partir du centre vers les extrémités de l'ampoule.Vacuum bulb according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that its casing (1) is made by epoxy overmolding (31), the epoxy layer having an increasing thickness from the center to the ends of the bulb. Ampoule à vide selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que l'enveloppe (1) de l'ampoule A est recouverte d'une couche conductrice (30) reliée électriquement à la terre T.Vacuum bulb according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the envelope (1) of the bulb A is covered with a conductive layer (30) electrically connected to the earth T. Ampoule à vide selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte des moyens de production d'un champ magnétique radial ou axial de manière à assurer la fonction disjoncteur.Vacuum bulb according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises means for producing a radial or axial magnetic field so as to provide the circuit breaker function. Ampoule à vide selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la surface (22) du premier contact fixe (13) destinée à venir en contact avec le contact mobile (17) comporte plusieurs points de contact distincts (23,24,25) en saillie.Vacuum bulb according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surface (22) of the first fixed contact (13) intended to come into contact with the movable contact (17) has a plurality of distinct contact points (23, 24 , 25) projecting. Ampoule à vide selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que ces points comprennent au moins trois points de contact (23,24,25) formant un triangle, lesdits points étant séparés d'une même distance de l'axe X de l'ampoule.Vacuum bulb according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that these points comprise at least three points of contact (23,24,25) forming a triangle, said points being separated by the same distance from the X axis of the bulb. Ampoule à vide selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le premier contact fixe (13) est relié à la Terre, le second contact fixe (16) est relié à la source, et le contact mobile (15) est relié au départ du circuit extérieur.Vacuum bulb according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first fixed contact (13) is connected to the earth, the second fixed contact (16) is connected to the source, and the movable contact (15) is connected to the departure of the external circuit.
EP20080354090 2008-01-31 2008-12-08 Vacuum bulb for an electric cut-off device at least providing the function of a disconnecting switch Not-in-force EP2085995B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0800518A FR2927194B1 (en) 2008-01-31 2008-01-31 VACUUM BULB FOR ELECTRICAL CUTTING APPARATUS PROVIDING AT LEAST DISCONNECT FUNCTION

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EP2085995B1 EP2085995B1 (en) 2013-08-21

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CN105742112B8 (en) * 2013-11-27 2019-04-12 乐清市川嘉电气科技有限公司 A kind of vacuum switch tube with preferable buffer function
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CN101499384A (en) 2009-08-05
EP2085995B1 (en) 2013-08-21
FR2927194B1 (en) 2010-02-19
ES2432403T3 (en) 2013-12-03
CN101499384B (en) 2013-05-29

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