EP1951024B1 - Soil-working implement with crank protection - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a soil-working implement (1, 2) for subsoiling (22), having a series of carrying arms (25), of which each is mounted by way of a first region, in particular a first end region, on an implement frame (20) or an implement chassis such that it can be pivoted up and down about a first pivot axis (26), having a crankshaft (34) with at least one crankshaft journal (38), having in each case at least one cutting tool articulation device (30) for articulating a cutting tool (32) on a second region, in particular a second end region, of each carrying arm (25), and having at least one crank connecting device (29) per carrying arm (25), this device connecting the cutting tool articulation device (30) to the at least one crankshaft journal (38) of the crankshaft (34) for the purpose of driving the up and down movement guided by the carrying arm (25). In order to improve the soil-working implement such that adverse effects of the cutting tools striking against obstructions can be minimized, and nevertheless smaller moving masses can be provided, it is proposed that the crank connecting device (29) has an uncoupling device (42) which, at least in the case of overloading between the crankshaft (34) and the cutting tool articulation device (30), allows relative movement of the cutting tool articulation device (30) in the direction of the crankshaft journal (38).

Description

The invention relates to a soil cultivation device for the deep loosening of soils having the features of the preamble of the appended claim 1.

Such tillage implements are in various versions in the market and from a variety of patent documents, such as DE 196 55 123 C2 , of the WO 98/05191 , of the EP 1 040 741 A2 , of the EP 0 853 869 B1 , of the JP-A-55-89538 , of the EP 0 037 595 A1 and in particular the EP 1 208 730 A1 known.

The basic principle of depth fans as an example of such devices is for example in the EP 0 853 869 B1 described. Accordingly, these tillage equipment, for example, to a towing vehicle can be articulated and moved over the ground. For example, the device can be hinged to a liftable and lowered three-point connection of a tractor or be hinged as a trailer to a towing vehicle. The tillage equipment usually have a device frame (also called device chassis), which usually roll with wheels, rollers or the like or can roll on the floor. Transverse to the direction of movement (direction of travel), the tillage implements in question here on a whole set of tool units for processing the soil. These tool units each have (at least) a support arm, which is pivotally mounted on the device chassis and is pivotable about a pivot drive about this pivot bearing. At the other end of the support arm, a piercing tool is then articulated.

The crank mechanism generally has a crankshaft with at least one crank pin on which a crank connection device in the form of a rigid connecting rod or rigid connecting rod - also called sometimes drive rod - rotatably articulated. At the other end of the connecting rod or connecting rod then the support arm is pivotally articulated.

For the articulation of the tools, there is usually a tool holder as a piercing tool articulation device, in which a piercing tool such as, for example, a tine or a tine group or a hollow spoon or nail-board-type lancing tool units can be firmly fastened. These tool holders are pivotally hinged to the support arm.

As is clear from the Fig. 2 and 3 of the EP 0 853 869 B1 and the associated description, the lancing tools enter the ground in accordance with a type of depth fans of particular interest here when the support arms are moved downwards. When moving the machining tool in the direction of travel, the lancing tools in the lower position of the support arm first stuck in the ground and are pivoted by the resistance relative to the support arm. The tool holder or more generally the piercing tool articulation device pivots relative to the support arm. Furthermore, there is usually for each piercing tool or for each piercing tool holder a stop against which the piercing tool or the piercing tool holder is pretensioned by a pretensioning device. In the explained Relativverschwenkung the piercing tool articulating device relative to the support arm in the course of further movement when stabbed tool leaves the tool holder or a hinged thereto element the associated stop. If the support arm is then moved upwards again and the piercing tool is pulled out of the ground by this upward movement and the further movement of the soil cultivating implement, then the pretensioning device again pulls the piercing tool articulation device against the stop.

Such tillage equipment is often used on sports lawn areas, where the floors can be quite festgetreten by playing mode, just think for example of football fields or the tee-offs of busy golf courses. A deep relaxation is then important in order to maintain a healthy lawn even in such a rough operation. It is clear that due to possible hard ground conditions, a relatively strong driving force is exerted on each lancing tool, so that it can penetrate into treaded soils. Therefore, the crankshafts and the crank rods are particularly powerful, rigid and solid.

Now it can happen that a piercing tool when piercing the ground encounters an obstacle, for example a stone or a root. Such an obstacle can give a heavy blow to the entire tillage implement. These impacts are transferred to the towing vehicle via the soil tillage implement and load the entire system. Therefore, only a relatively low processing speed could be achieved with many previously known tillage equipment, at higher speeds, the loads due to the setbacks when hitting obstacles, but also due to setbacks in normal processing relatively hard soils just too big.

To dampen these impacts and / or to prevent possible damage to the device, therefore, in tillage equipment, as they are from the JP-A-55-89538 as well as the EP 1 208 730 A1 are known, provided special damping devices.

In the tillage implement after the JP 55-89538 two parallel guided support arms are provided, both of which are variable in length against a spring preload. In this way, the piercing tool can be pivoted against the spring tension when hitting an obstacle by changing the length of the support arms, it should then slide past the obstacle. This construction is on the one hand particularly complex, on the other hand, the functioning of the evasion of the nature of the Obstacle, the angle of incidence and the shape of the obstacle. If the piercing tool strikes, for example, a more or less perpendicular angle to a flat surface of a stone, no deflection will take place, but the impact will be transmitted fully to the soil cultivator and then to the tractor via the crank mechanism. Due to the two support arms also a large mass must be moved up and down, which alone makes the operation of the known tillage restless.

In the tillage implement after the EP 1 208 730 A1 On the other hand, an attenuator is provided on a device-side upper link connection. In the case of impacts by obstacles, the tillage device rotates about its lower link connection due to the recoil, but this movement is absorbed and damped in the attenuator and thus not transmitted to the towing vehicle. This solution has proven to be excellent for the practice, in particular, the processing speeds could be significantly increased. The problem remains the risk of damage to the drive train by violent shocks. This is counteracted by correspondingly massive design of the entire drive train - crank drive, connecting rod and support arm. Although this works quite well, relatively high masses must be produced, handled and moved.

Based on the state of the art according to the EP 1 208 730 A1 It is an object of the invention to improve a soil cultivation device referred to in the preamble of the appended claim 1 type such that caused by hitting the piercing tools on obstacles caused dangers of damage and / or other adverse consequences are small and yet smaller moving masses can be provided.

This object is achieved by a harrow with the features of the attached claim 1.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

According to the invention, a soil cultivation device for the soil loosening of soils is provided, which has a series of support arms, each of which is mounted with a first area - this is usually a first end - on a device frame or a device chassis such that it is a first pivot axis pivoting up and down is movable. Further, a crankshaft is provided with at least one crankpin for driving this up and down movement. At least one piercing tool articulation device, on which a piercing tool can be articulated, is provided at a second area, in particular a second end area, of each support arm. Such a piercing tool articulation device can, for. B. be formed by the previously explained tool holder. At least one crank connection device is provided per support arm, which connects the piercing tool attachment device to the at least one crank pin of the crankshaft, so that the piercing tool articulation device and therefore also a piercing tool held therein can be moved up and down. Preferably, the crank connection device engages at one end on the crank pin and the other end on the support arm, so as to connect the piercing tool attachment means indirectly via the support arm with the crankshaft. However, it could also be provided a direct connection of the piercing tool articulation device with the crankshaft.

According to the invention, this crank connection device is further provided with an end coupling device, which permits a relative movement of the piercing tool attachment device onto the crank pin at least in the event of overload. Thus, while in the prior art, the crank pin is connected by a rigid drive rod or connecting rod with the support arm and thus with the piercing tool articulation device, in the invention, the possibility of decoupling between the Lancing tool linkage and the crankshaft provided at least in the event of overload. Thus, the piercing tool encounters in operation on a stone or the like obstacle, it is first transmitted to the impact of the piercing tool articulation device and passes from there into the Entkoppelungseinrichtung. If an overload arises here, the decoupling device yields, so that the impact is not transmitted to the crankshaft in full hardness. Thus, the crankshaft and thus also the previous drive train is already protected against overload, so that it can also be constructed less expensive and rigid.

The decoupling device may have an elastic damping member, which allows an elastic yielding and / or an inelastic damping member, which breaks in case of overload and / or have permanently deformed. Preferred is an elastic damping member, such as a compression spring or the like. Such a can initially cushion very hard shocks and thus avoid overload on the drive train. However, some damping is already at less violent shocks, so that the crankshaft runs quieter overall in normal operation. In this respect, one can also achieve faster operating modes and a higher frequency of lancing with such training.

A permanently deformable or breaking attenuator is intended to prevent damage in the event of excessive impact and is only active in the event of an overload. If the piercing tool encounters an obstacle so that an excessive impact occurs, in which a force lying above a force threshold is applied to the crank connection device, this leads to breakage or permanent deformation of the inelastic damping element, which then has to be exchanged. However, you can provide so very simple measures to avoid major damage to the harrow, with such an attenuator easily accessible and can also be designed easily replaceable.

As it were, an intermediate form between a fully elastic damping and the fully inelastic damping constitutes a further embodiment of the invention, in which the decoupling device has a detent connection which releases when overloaded. If a violent shock occurs, the locking connection is released, so that the impact is not transmitted to the crankshaft. At the next Aufbewegung then the locking connection can engage automatically again; or the renewed restoration of the locking connection is done manually by the operator.

In a preferred specific embodiment, it is provided that the crank connection device has a first drive member, which is pivotably connected to the crank pin. Furthermore, the crank connection device has a second drive member, which is pivotally connected to the support arm. These drive links can, for. B. be constructed rod-like or even only have appropriate bearings and a holder. It is further provided that the two drive members are coupled to each other by the decoupling device. This is preferably done in such a way that they are more or less rigidly connected until an overload is reached. The rigid connection can z. B. done by a spring with a very stiff spring constant (elastic damping member) or by an overload-breaking link, such as a rod made of fiberglass with predetermined breaking point or by a permanently deformable attenuator, such as a construction, as provided in steering blocks of motor vehicles, z. Example, with a molded from perforated metal sheet with relatively large holes pipe which can be upset in case of overload, or it is provided a latching connection between the drive members. Depending on requirements, it may also be a combination of these different attenuators / links, with a parallel circuit or preferably a series circuit would be conceivable.

The two drive members may for example be parts of a telescopically variable-length drive rod. The drive members could also be pivotally connected to each other. For example, the two are Drive members rod-like elements or bearing elements, which are pivotally connected together at their mutually engaging ends and are fixed at an obtuse angle through the damping or connecting member. If then an overload, the two drive links pivot under deformation or breakage of the attenuator or by releasing a latching connection to each other. The obtuse angle then dictates the direction of deformation.

Fig. 1 und 2

vergleichbare Seitenansichten der wesentlichsten Bauelemente von zwei Ausführungsformen von Bodenbearbeitungsgeräten zur Tiefenlockerung von Böden mit einem Teil eines Geräterahmens und mit Werkzeugeinheiten mit angetrieben auf und ab bewegbaren Tragarmen und daran angelenkten Stechwerkzeuganlenkungseinrichtungen.

Embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show:

Fig. 1 and 2

Comparable side views of the most essential components of two embodiments of tillage equipment for deep loosening of soils with a part of a machine frame and with tool units with driven up and down movable support arms and articulated Stechwerkzeuganlenkungseinrichtungen.

The figures each show side views transverse to the direction of travel on essential components of various embodiments 1, 2 of a soil cultivation device for the deep loosening of soils. In this case, other typical components of such devices, which are well known in the art - see, for example, the mentioned in the introduction - documents are omitted, for the sake of clarity. In general, the tillage implements in question here have a plurality of tool units which are arranged distributed transversely to the direction of travel on the harrow. A perspective view of such a distribution is for example in the German patent application DE 10 2004 018 101 A1 which is expressly referred to for further details of the tillage equipment in question.

The tillage devices 1 and 2 have an attachable to a tractor vehicle frame 20 which is movable by means of a roller 21 via the bottom 22 in the direction of movement 23.

There are a plurality of identically designed tool units 24 in the direction of the display plane side by side provided, of which in the figures only one is shown. Each tooling unit 24 has a support arm 25 - this may, for example, be a rod, but preferably each support arm 25 is formed by a plurality of parallel rods coupled to one another, for example welded together. The support arm 25 is hinged at one end to a first pivot axis 26 pivotally indirectly or directly on the device frame 20 such that the first pivot axis 26 is orststabil to the device frame 20. On the support arm 25 engages a drive means 27 with a crank mechanism 28 and a crank connection means 29, which drives the support arm 25 about the first pivot axis 26 pivoting up and down. At the free end of the support arm 25, a piercing tool articulation device in the form of a tool holder 30 is articulated pivotably about a second pivot axis 31 relative to the support arm 25. Accordingly, the second pivot axis 31 and the tool holder 30 moves with the support arm 25 up and down. At the tool holder 30, a piercing tool 32 for piercing in the bottom 22 is fixed, but interchangeable, attached.

The crank mechanism 28 has a crankshaft 34, which is mounted rotatably about an axis of rotation 36 on the apparatus frame 20 and has per tool unit 24 an eccentrically thereto arranged crank pin 38. In the drawings, the rotational movement of belonging to the illustrated tool unit 24 crankpin 38 is indicated by a dashed line 40.

The crank connecting device 29 engages with one end on the crank pin 38 and at the other end on the support arm 25 respectively rotatably and pivotally. The articulation on the support arm 25 is carried out in the illustrated embodiments concentric with the articulation of the tool holder, but this is not necessarily so. In this way, the tool holder 30 is attached the crank mechanism 28 connected so that it is movable up and down. In order to be able to apply sufficient force to the tool holder for piercing the piercing tool 32, the crank connection device is connected substantially rigidly or relatively stiffly. However, the crank connection device 29 has a decoupling device 42, which allows a yielding of the tool holder 30 against a drive movement, at least when overloaded.

For this purpose, the crank connection device 29 is not formed, as in the prior art, as a rigid drive rod, but has a first drive member 44 which is rotatably connected to the crank pin 38, and a second drive member 46 which pivotally on the tool holder 30 or the support arm 25th is connected, on. The decoupling device 42 connects the two drive members 44, 46 with each other such that a normal drive of the support arm 25 and the tool holder 30 is made possible via the crank mechanism 28, however, a relative movement of the two drive members 44, 46 is possible, at least in overload.

At the in Fig. 1 1, the first drive member 44 in the form of a first rod member 48 is formed, and the second drive member 46 is formed in the form of a second rod member 50. The two rod elements 48, 50 are pivotally connected to each other at their ends facing each other by means of a pin 52. In the with solid lines in Fig. 1 illustrated normal operating position, the two rod elements 48, 50 form an obtuse angle to each other and are locked in this position by a latching connection 54.

If, in this embodiment, the piercing tool 32 strikes an obstacle during penetration into the ground 22, the locking connection 54 releases when a force is exceeded, so that the two rod elements 48, 50 can bend off from one another as indicated by broken-line lines in FIG Fig. 1 is shown. Re-engagement can then with raised lancing tool under Exercise a directed in the direction of "pushing" force on the connection point 56 between the two rod elements 48, 50 done.

At the in Fig. 2 illustrated second embodiment of a harrow 2, the crank connection device 29 is designed as a telescopic rod, wherein the two drive members 44, 46 form the two telescopic parts. The decoupling device 42 has an attenuator in the form of a strong compression spring 58, which is received biased in a sleeve 60.

The compression spring 58 is so stiff that normal driving forces are transmitted substantially unchanged from the crankpin to the tool holder 30. However, if the piercing tool 32 hits a hard obstacle, the compression spring 58 gives way accordingly and thus dampens the recoil.

Instead of the compression spring 58 may be used in non-illustrated embodiments, various other spring shapes, such as an elastomeric body or a torsion spring, which is housed in a first embodiment simulated construction in the connection point 56.

In a further embodiment, not shown, the two rod elements 48, 50 instead of the latching connection 54 by a shear pin connected to each other, which breaks at overload and so a yielding in the same manner as explained with reference to the locking connection 54 allows. However, here is the reconnection of the two rod elements 48, 50 to replace the shear pin with a new one.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Soil cultivation device (first embodiment)

2

Soil cultivation device (second embodiment)

20

implement frame

21

role

22

ground

23

movement direction

24

tool unit

25

Beam

26

first pivot axis

27

driving means

28

crankshaft

29

Crank connecting assembly

30

Tool holder (piercing tool attachment device)

31

second pivot axis

32

piercer

34

crankshaft

36

axis of rotation

38

crank pin

40

rotary motion

42

uncoupling

44

first drive member

46

second drive member

48

first rod element

50

second rod element

52

pencils

54

locking connection

56

junction

58

Compression spring (attenuator)

60

shell

Claims (9)

1. Soil-working implement (1, 2) for the deep loosening of soils (22), having:

   a row of support arms (25), each of which is mounted with a first region, particularly a first end region, on an implement frame (20) or an implement chassis, so as to be pivotable up and down about a first pivot axis (26),

   a crankshaft (34) with at least one crankpin (38);

   in each case at least one piercing tool jointing device (30) for jointing a piercing tool (32) to a second region, particularly a second end region, of each support arm (25), and

   at least one crank connecting device (29) for each support arm (25), which connects the piercing tool jointing device (30) to the at least one crankpin (38) of the crankshaft (34) for driving the up and down movement thereof guided by the support arm (25),

   characterised in that

   the crank connecting device (29) comprises an uncoupling device (42) which allows relative movement of the piercing tool jointing device (30) towards the crankpin (38) at least in the event of an overload between the crankshaft (34) and the piercing tool jointing device (30).
2. Soil-working implement (1, 2) according to claim 1, characterised in that
   the crank connecting device (29) comprises a first drive member (44) rotatably jointed to the crankpin (38) and a second drive member (46) pivotably jointed to the support arm (25),
   and in that the first and second drive member (44, 46) are coupled to one another by the uncoupling device (42) such that, until an overload force is reached, they are substantially rigidly or stiffly connected, but when the overload force is exceeded they are relatively movable.
3. Soil-working implement according to claim 2, characterised in that
   the two drive members (44, 46) are telescopically movable relative to one another in the event of an overload.
4. Soil-working implement according to claim 2, characterised in that
   the two drive members (44, 46) are jointed to one another such that in the event of an overload they can pivot relative to one another.
5. Soil-working implement according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that
   the uncoupling device (42) comprises a damping member (58) through which at least part of the drive force from the crankpin (38) is transmitted to the support arm (25).
6. Soil-working implement according to claim 5, characterised in that
   the damping member comprises a spring (58), particularly a compression spring, and/or an elastomeric body.
7. Soil-working implement according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that
   the uncoupling device (42) comprises a connecting member that breaks or is permanently deformed in the event of overload, through which at least some of the drive force is transmitted from the crankpin (38) to the support arm (25).
8. Soil-working implement according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that
   the uncoupling device (42) comprises a latch connection (54) that is released in the event of overload, through which at least some of the drive force is transmitted from the crankpin (38) to the support arm (25).
9. Soil-working implement according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that
   the piercing tool jointing device (30) is jointed to the support arm so as to be pivotable relative to the support arm about a second pivot axis (31), such that a piercing tool (32) attached to the piercing tool jointing device (30) can be driven into the soil as the associated support arm (25) moves downwards, and in that the piercing tool jointing device is pivoted relative to the support arm (25) at least when the piercing tool (32) has been driven in and the soil-working implement (1, 2) is advanced in the direction of movement.

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