Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
  • F25J3/0204—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the feed stream
  • F25J3/0223—H2/CO mixtures, i.e. synthesis gas; Water gas or shifted synthesis gas
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
  • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
  • F25J3/0252—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of hydrogen
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
  • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
  • F25J3/0261—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of carbon monoxide
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
  • F25J3/0295—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used, e.g. sieve plates, packings
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
  • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
  • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
  • F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
  • F25J3/0409—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
  • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
  • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
  • F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
  • F25J3/04218—Parallel arrangement of the main heat exchange line in cores having different functions, e.g. in low pressure and high pressure cores
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
  • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
  • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
  • F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
  • F25J3/0423—Subcooling of liquid process streams
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
  • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
  • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
  • F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
  • F25J3/04236—Integration of different exchangers in a single core, so-called integrated cores
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
  • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
  • F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
  • F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
  • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
  • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
  • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
  • F25J3/04872—Vertical layout of cold equipments within in the cold box, e.g. columns, heat exchangers etc.
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
  • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
  • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
  • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
  • F25J3/0489—Modularity and arrangement of parts of the air fractionation unit, in particular of the cold box, e.g. pre-fabrication, assembling and erection, dimensions, horizontal layout "plot"
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
  • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
  • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
  • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
  • F25J3/04945—Details of internal structure; insulation and housing of the cold box
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J5/00—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
  • F25J5/002—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
  • F28D9/0093—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
  • F28F9/26—Arrangements for connecting different sections of heat-exchange elements, e.g. of radiators
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
  • F25J2290/30—Details about heat insulation or cold insulation
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
  • F25J2290/40—Vertical layout or arrangement of cold equipments within in the cold box, e.g. columns, condensers, heat exchangers etc.
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
  • F25J2290/42—Modularity, pre-fabrication of modules, assembling and erection, horizontal layout, i.e. plot plan, and vertical arrangement of parts of the cryogenic unit, e.g. of the cold box
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
  • F25J2290/50—Arrangement of multiple equipments fulfilling the same process step in parallel
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F2270/00—Thermal insulation; Thermal decoupling

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an assembly of heat exchangers, a cryogenic distillation apparatus incorporating the same, and a cryogenic distillation method using the same.
• the various columns and heat exchangers in which the various phases of separation/liquefaction of fluids issuing from the gases of air take place are insulated by one or more
• FR-A-2 846 077, US-A-4 555 256, EP-A-O 044 679 and EP-A-O 042 676 describe a first heat exchanger body used to cool and heat the fluids under high pressure and a second heat exchanger body used to cool and heat the fluids under medium pressure.
• the present invention is suitable for substantially limiting the dimensions of the external structures containing the insulant, regardless of the type of separation considered and the air treatment capacity of the unit, and, in the case of the cold box packages, for extending the capacity limit of factory- prefabricated separation apparatus .
• a heat exchange assembly comprising at least one first and one second heat exchange body, each body being of the plate heat exchanger type, comprising a plurality of metal plates of substantially similar contour extending along a first dimension or length and a second dimension or width, spaced from and arranged in parallel rows to one another along a third dimension or thickness and sealing means bounding flattened passages with the said plates, forming at least one passage of a first type and at least one passage of a second type, the sealing means allocated to each passage releasing one fluid inlet and one fluid outlet, one inlet of the first body being connected to a first delivery line for fluid to be cooled and one outlet of the first body being connected to a first collecting line for cooled fluid, another inlet of the first body being connected to a first delivery line for fluid to be heated and another outlet of the first body being connected to a first collecting line for heated fluid, one inlet of the second body being connected to a delivery line for fluid to be cooled and one outlet of the second body being connected to
• At least one body of the second series is connected to a fluid delivery line which is not connected to any body of the first series and, optionally, at least one body of the second series is connected to a fluid collecting line, which is not connected to any body of the first series;
• first heat exchange bodies form part of a first series of at least three substantially aligned heat exchanger bodies, at least two first bodies of the first series being connected in parallel to at least the first delivery line for fluid to be cooled, to at least the first delivery line for fluid to be heated, to at least the first collecting line for heated fluid, and to at least the first collecting line for cooled fluid and/or second heat exchange bodies form part of a second series of at least three substantially aligned heat exchanger bodies, at least two second bodies of the second series being connected in parallel to at least one delivery line for fluid to be cooled, to at least one delivery line for fluid to be heated, to at least the collecting line for heated fluid and to at least one collecting line for cooled fluid;
• one inlet of the second heat exchanger body is connected to the first delivery line for fluid to be cooled and/or to the first delivery line for fluid to be heated;
• one inlet of the second body is connected to one delivery line for fluid to be cooled other than the first delivery line for fluid to be cooled and/or one other inlet of the second body is connected to one delivery line for fluid to be heated other than the first delivery line for fluid to be heated; - A -
• the assembly comprises a liquid delivery line to convey a liquid to at least one second heat exchanger body connected to passages of the second body, the said passages being connected to one outlet of vaporized liquid located close to one inlet of gas to be cooled;
• At least one first body (of the first series) is only connected to at least one gas delivery line and/or to at least one line for liquid to be cooled; at least one heat exchanger body arranged between the sides of the first and second bodies being located opposite one another.
• the “aligned" heat exchangers are located side by side in the lengthwise direction.
• liquid includes psuedo-liquids, that is, liquids above the critical pressure.
• Liquid injection means the injection of a cryogenic liquid into the system of columns for the purpose of extracting heat.
• an apparatus for cryogenic separation of a gas mixture comprising a stripping unit, an assembly according to one of Claims 1 to 8 and a system of columns, means for conveying the gas mixture to the stripping unit, means for conveying the stripped gas mixture to the assembly of heat exchangers to be cooled at least in one of the first and second series of heat exchanger bodies to at least one pressure, means for conveying at least some gas mixture cooled in at least one of the first and second heat exchanger bodies to the system of columns, and means for conveying at least one product from the system of columns to each of the first and second heat exchanger bodies .
• the apparatus comprises: - means for conveying a pressurized liquid stream enriched with one component of the gas mixture to at least one second heat exchanger body (of the second series) and means for conveying a gas enriched with one component of the gas mixture to one first heat exchanger body (of the first series) ;
• At least one heat exchanger body constituting a subcooler placed below the first series of heat exchanger bodies, preferably below the second series of heat exchanger bodies;
• reboiler-condenser and means for sending thereto a gas to be condensed from the system of columns and a liquid to be vaporized from the system of columns, the reboiler-condenser being located outside any column of the system and above the second series of heat exchanger bodies, preferably above the heat exchanger bodies of the first series .
• an apparatus for cryogenic separation of a gas mixture comprising a stripping unit, an assembly of at least one first heat exchanger and one second heat exchanger and a system of columns, means for conveying the gas mixture to the stripping unit, means for conveying the stripped gas mixture to the assembly of heat exchangers to be cooled at least in one of the first and second heat exchanger bodies to at least one pressure, means for conveying at least some gas mixture cooled in at least one of the first and second heat exchanger bodies to the system of columns, and means for conveying at least one product from the system of columns to each of the first and second heat exchanger bodies, characterized in that the first heat exchanger is located above the second heat exchanger, preferably directly above the second heat exchanger.
• the apparatus comprises means for sending a liquid from a column of the system of columns to the second heat exchanger, in which it is vaporized, means for collecting vaporized liquid from the second heat exchanger, and no means for collecting vaporized liquid from the first heat exchanger.
• a method for the cryogenic separation of a gas mixture in an apparatus comprising a stripping unit, a heat exchange assembly according to one of Claims 1 to 8 and a system of columns, in which the gas mixture is conveyed to the stripping unit, stripped gas mixture is conveyed to at least one first heat exchange body to be cooled therein to at least one pressure, stripped gas mixture is conveyed to at least one second heat exchange body to be cooled therein to at least one pressure, gas mixture cooled in the first heat exchange body is conveyed to the system of columns, gas mixture cooled in the second heat exchange body is conveyed to the system of columns, at least one fluid is conveyed from the system of columns to at least one first heat exchange body, and at least one fluid is conveyed from the system of columns to at least one second heat exchange body, characterized in that the first body (at least one of the first bodies) contains circulating fluids of which at least one is at a pressure above a threshold and the second body (at least one of
• At least one first heat exchange body is located above one second heat exchange body.
• all the bodies of the first series are located above all the bodies of the second series .
• a method for the cryogenic separation of a gas mixture in an apparatus comprising a stripping unit, a heat exchange assembly according to one of Claims 1 to 8 and a system of columns, in which the gas mixture is conveyed to the stripping unit, stripped gas mixture is conveyed to at least one first heat exchange body to be cooled therein to at least one pressure, stripped gas mixture is conveyed to at least one second heat exchange body to be cooled therein to at least one pressure, gas mixture cooled in the first heat exchange body is conveyed to the system of columns, gas mixture cooled in the second heat exchange body is conveyed to the system of columns, at least one fluid is conveyed from the system of columns to at least one first heat exchange body to be heated therein, and at least one fluid is conveyed from the system of columns to at least one second heat exchanger body to be heated therein, characterized in that the first body (at least one of the first bodies) contains only circulating gases and/or at least one circulating liquid which cools
• a method for the cryogenic separation of a gas mixture in an apparatus comprising a stripping unit, a heat exchange assembly comprising one first heat exchanger and one second heat exchanger and a system of columns, in which the gas mixture is conveyed to the stripping unit, stripped gas mixture is conveyed to at least one first heat exchange body to be cooled therein to at least one pressure, stripped gas mixture is conveyed to at least one second heat exchange body to be cooled therein to at least one pressure, gas mixture cooled in the first heat exchange body is conveyed to the system of columns, gas mixture cooled in the second heat exchange body is conveyed to the system of columns, at least one fluid is conveyed from the system of columns to at least one first heat exchange body and at least one fluid is conveyed from the system of columns to at least one second heat exchange body, the first heat exchanger (at least one of the first bodies) containing circulating fluids of which at least one is at a pressure above a threshold and the second heat exchanger (
• a method for the cryogenic separation of a gas mixture in an apparatus comprising a stripping unit, a heat exchange assembly comprising one first and one second heat exchanger and a system of columns, in which the gas mixture is conveyed to the stripping unit, stripped gas mixture is conveyed to at least one first heat exchanger to be cooled therein to at least one pressure, stripped gas mixture is conveyed to at one second heat exchange body to be cooled therein to at least one pressure, gas mixture cooled in the first heat exchanger is conveyed to the system of columns, gas mixture cooled in the second heat exchanger is conveyed to the system of columns, at least one fluid is conveyed from the system of columns to at least one first heat exchanger to be heated therein, and at least one fluid is conveyed from the system of columns to at least one second heat exchanger to be heated therein, the first heat exchanger (at least one of the first heat exchangers) containing only circulating gases (and/or at least one circulating liquid that
• the gas mixture is air or a gas of air or a gas mixture having as the main components hydrogen and/or carbon monoxide and/or methane and/or nitrogen;
• the gas mixture is air, the system of columns comprises at least one medium-pressure column and one low pressure column thermally connected together, and liquid oxygen vaporizes to form oxygen gas in at least one second heat exchange body and, optionally, does not vaporize in any first body;
• the liquid flow direction in the first and/or second body or bodies is substantialy vertical, although the liquid may flow horizontally in places.
• the heat exchangers occupy a floor area that is generally larger than the set of columns .
• One solution for limiting this area that prevents the "package" approach is to position the heat exchangers that can be accommodated without disturbing the distillation, typically the gas heat exchangers, above those which cannot be accommodated, typically the heat exchangers with liquid or liquid vaporization.
• the floor area is greatly reduced.
• Figures 1 to 3 show an assembly according to the invention from various angles .
• Figure 1 shows the front of the assembly
• Figure 2 shows the assembly of Figure 1 turned at a different angle
• Figure 3 shows the back of the same assembly as in Figure 1.
• Figure 4 shows a more detailed version of the front of the lower part of the assembly in Figure 1
• Figure 5 shows the back of Figure 4.
• Figure 6 shows the incorporation of an assembly as shown in the preceding figures in an air separation apparatus according to the invention.
• Figures 1 to 3 show a heat exchanger assembly according to the invention comprising two series of heat exchangers 1, 2, the first series 1 being located at least 10 m or at least 15 m above the ground, with the second series 2 below the first series .
• the first series of heat exchangers 1 is placed on a stainless steel frame 3 of which the legs rest on the bottom of the cold box package, the second series of heat exchangers being located inside the frame or under the first series, while supporting it.
• the heat exchanger block formed from the first series of heat exchangers can also be placed on the block formed from the second series, provided that they are even more effectively insulated from one another, because the coldest part of the heat exchangers of the first series is located opposite the hottest part of the second series, one being, in operation, at about the ambient temperature, and the other at a cryogenic temperature.
• the cold box package is filled with insulating material I.
• Two first heat exchange bodies 5 constitute a first series 1 of aligned heat exchanger bodies .
• the two substantially identical bodies 5 are of the plate heat exchanger type, comprising a plurality of metal plates of substantially similar contour extending along a first dimension or length and a second dimension or width, spaced from and arranged parallel to one another along a third dimension or thickness.
• Sealing means bound flattened passages with the plates, forming four types of passages, these passages not extending along the whole length of the body. For each type of passage, the sealing means allocated to each passage release one fluid inlet and one fluid outlet at the two ends thereof.
• a first inlet El at the hot end of each first body 5 is connected to a delivery line for medium-pressure air to be cooled D AIRMP and a first outlet Sl at an intermediate position of each first body is connected to a collecting line for cooled medium-pressure air C AIR MP.
• a second inlet E2 at an intermediate position of each first body 5 is connected to a delivery line for waste nitrogen to be heated DNR and a second outlet S2 at the hot end of each first body 5 is connected to a collecting line for heated waste nitrogen CNR.
• each body 5 of this series of heat exchangers 1 also performs the function of a subcooler, specifically the coldest part of each body 5, a third inlet E3 at the cold end of each first body 5 is connected to a delivery line for liquid oxygen to be cooled DOL and a third outlet S3 of the first body is connected to a collecting line for cooled liquid oxygen COL and a fourth inlet E4 at the cold end of each first body 5 is connected to a delivery line DLL for nitrogen-rich liquid to be cooled and a fourth outlet S4 of the first body is connected to a collecting line for cooled nitrogen-rich liquid CLL.
• the subcooler may consist of at least one separate heat exchanger to be placed preferably between the first and second series. It is also possible for the apparatus to comprise no subcooler.
• the four second heat exchange bodies 7 constitute a second series 2 of aligned heat exchanger bodies, supported slightly above the bottom of the cold box package by the frame 3.
• the four substantially identical bodies 7 are each of the plate heat exchanger type, comprising a plurality of metal plates of substantially similar contour extending along a first dimension or length and a second dimension or width, spaced from and arranged parallel to one another along a third dimension or thickness.
• Sealing means bound flattened passages with the plates, forming five types of passages extending along the whole length of the body. For each type of passage, the sealing means allocated to each passage release one fluid inlet and one fluid outlet at the two ends thereof.
• One first inlet El' at the hot and of each second body 7 is connected to a delivery line for air to be cooled to a first high pressure Dl AIRHP and a first outlet Sl' at the cold end of each second body 7 is connected to a collecting line for cooled high-pressure air C2 AIR HP.
• a second inlet E2' at the hot end of each second body 7 is connected to a delivery line for air to be cooled to a second high pressure D2 AIRHP and a second outlet S2' at the cold end of each second body is connected to a collecting line for cooled high-pressure air Cl AIR HP.
• a third inlet E3' of the cold end of each second body 7 is connected to a delivery line for waste nitrogen to be heated DNR' and the third outlet S3' at the hot end of each second body 7 is connected to a collecting line for heated waste nitrogen CNR' .
• the bodies 7 of the second series are connected to a nitrogen gas delivery- line and to a liquid oxygen line.
• a fourth inlet E4' at the cold end of each second body 7 is connected to a delivery line for nitrogen gas to be heated DN and a fourth outlet S4' at the hot end of each second body 7 is connected to a collecting line for heated waste nitrogen CN.
• a fifth inlet E5' of the cold end of each end of each second body 7 is connected to a delivery- line for liquid oxygen to be vaporized DOL and a fifth outlet S5' at the hot end of each second body 7 is connected to a vaporized oxygen collecting line COG.
• any liquid to be vaporized is sent to at least one, and preferably all, of the bodies of the second series.
• the bodies of the first series may comprise at least one type of passage for vaporizing liquid oxygen, for example, to several pressures. They may also comprise passages for vaporizing liquid nitrogen.
• any fluid at a pressure above a given threshold to be cooled or heated is sent to the second series.
• This second series can obviously also receive fluids at lower pressure but the bodies are intended for use at high pressure.
• the threshold may be 30 bar abs, 20 bar abs or 15 bar abs .
• the heat exchanger bodies 5, 7 and their distributing and collecting lines must be insulated with perlite or with rockwool I.
• Each series may be placed in an individual cold box 4 containing only the heat exchangers and at least some of the delivery and collecting lines, or the two series may be placed in a common cold box containing only the heat exchange bodies and their collecting and delivery lines, or both series may be placed in a common cold box with the system of air separation columns .
• Figures 4 and 5 show the lower part of the assembly in greater detail.
• a reboiler- condenser of a double air separation column that is used to vaporize medium-pressure nitrogen against low pressure oxygen may be located outside the columns.
• the reboiler-condenser can be placed in the same cold box 4 as the heat exchanger series 1, 2, above the series 1 or between the two series.
• all the elements supplied by the same manufacturer heat exchangers, reboiler-condensers
• each element can be insulated in an independent cold box or several of these elements may be located in a common cold box.
• thermoelectric assembly as shown in the preceding figures is suitable for incorporation in a cryogenic distillation air separation apparatus according to Figure 6.
• the heat exchange assembly is shown as a single element 12 comprising the heat exchanger series 1, 2.
• Figure 6 shows an air separation apparatus according to the invention and, in particular, the incorporation of an assembly as previously described in a cryogenic distillation air separation apparatus using a double column. It should be understood that the invention is not limited to the double column apparatus but applies to single column apparatus, triple column apparatus and apparatus using other types of columns such as argon columns or mixture columns.
• FIG. 6 is rather schematic and, in particular, does not accurately show the fluid inlets and outlets in the assembly 1, 2 shown as two exchanger blocks.
• Part 1 comprises at least one heat exchange body and part 2 comprises at least one heat exchange body.
• each part comprises a series of virtually identical bodies .
• the air to be separated is compressed in a main compressor MAC to medium pressure to form the medium- pressure air AIR MP.
• the pressure of the remainder of the air is first boosted to a first high pressure in a booster compressor Sl to form a high-pressure stream 1 AIR HP and the pressure of the remainder of the air is boosted to a second high pressure in a booster compressor S2 to form the stream 2 AIR HP.
• the medium-pressure stream AIR MP is sent to the part 1 of the heat exchange assembly located at least some ten metres above the ground, whereas the high-pressure streams 1 AIR HP and 2 AIR HP are sent to the lower part 2 at least one metre above the ground. Part of the medium-pressure air stream may be sent to the lower part 2.
• the medium-pressure air is cooled in the body of the first series 1 to an intermediate point, and is then sent to the chamber of the medium-pressure column MP of a double air separation column.
• means for extracting heat has not been shown in order to simplify the figure.
• This may be a medium-pressure air turbine discharging into an air separation column or a nitrogen turbine, supplemented by liquid injection as required.
• the high-pressure air is liquefied in the body of the second series and is then sent to one or both columns of the double column.
• Liquid oxygen is tapped off from the chamber of the low-pressure column and divided into two streams.
• One part OL is sent to the coldest part of the bodies of series 1 to be subcooled before being sent to storage S.
• the remainder is pumped to form a stream OLP which is under at least 20 bar abs or at least 30 bar abs.
• This stream OLP is vaporized in the bodies of the second series to produce a stream OG.
• Medium pressure nitrogen N is tapped off at the top of the medium-pressure column and sent to the second series of bodies in which it is heated to form a product N.
• Waste nitrogen tapped off at the top of the low pressure column is divided into two streams, one part NR being sent to the series 1 and the remainder NR' being sent to the series 2.
• the two streams are heated and sent to regeneration or to the atmosphere.
• a stream of medium-pressure nitrogen-rich liquid LL is subcooled in the series 1 in the coldest part of the bodies and is sent to the top of the low-pressure column to serve as reflux.

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• Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
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• 2004
  • 2004-12-30 FR FR0414070A patent/FR2880418B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2005
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  • 2005-12-23 JP JP2007548812A patent/JP4991561B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2005-12-23 EP EP05823676A patent/EP1834143A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2005-12-23 US US11/813,165 patent/US20090211295A1/en not_active Abandoned
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  • 2005-12-23 WO PCT/EP2005/057152 patent/WO2006069983A1/en active Application Filing

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