EP1898160A1 - Method for controlling a heating system and heating system for carying out said method - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves measuring temperature of a heating medium in a storage container (3) by temperature sensors (T1-T3) in relation to direction of gravity. The measurement of temperature is performed at two or more different levels above a base surface of the storage container. The temperature measurement values are linked for gaining control signals, which are used for predetermined heating of heating medium. An independent claim is also included for a heating system comprising a boiler.

Description

Field of the invention

The invention relates to a method for controlling a heating system provided for space heating and / or domestic water heating, with a stored in a storage container, depending on the heat demand of the space heating or hot water heating to be heated heating medium. The invention further relates to a controlled by this method heating system.

State of the art

Heating systems, which are equipped with a boiler, often referred to as a heat generator, spa and the like, which serves to heat the flowing through one or more heating circuits heating medium and in which the heating medium, preferably water, stored in a storage container are made of known in the art. Most such heating systems also have the option of heating domestic water for use in the kitchen and bathroom.

The boiler is conventionally equipped with an oil or gas burner, which must be switched on and off depending on the heat demand of the space heating or domestic water heating. The burner is switched on and off by control via control circuits, which are connected to temperature sensors. The temperature sensors provide temperature readings for the current room temperature, the current domestic water temperature and / or, as outdoor temperature sensors, for the current temperature outside a building.

In the control circuits, the currently measured temperature values are compared as actual values with predetermined desired values, and control signals for influencing the temperature of the heating medium flowing into the heating circuit or into the heating circuits are obtained from the result of this comparison. This happens, for example, by controlling a mixer integrated in the heating circuit, by adjusting the boiler temperature, and by controlling charge pumps to increase the temperature of the heating medium in the storage tank.

Due to the heat emission to the room air or to the hot water, the heating medium cools down, so that the burner is turned on and thus a heat generation phase must be initiated. If the heating medium has reached a predetermined temperature, the burner, caused by the regulation, is switched off again.

One of the problems to be solved again and again in such heating systems is to reduce the frequency of these switching on and off, also called clocking. Too frequent burner switch-on phases occur in particular in the transitional periods between summer and winter, or when heat demand of the building and heat demand of the hot water differ. The higher the number of turns on and off the burner, the more subject components of the boiler, such as ignition and oil preheating, increased wear and cause additional energy consumption.

Due to the often very short running times, condensate boilers are increasingly faced with the problem that, at the start, a lot of condensate is produced at short notice, which then evaporates. If it does not come to a complete evaporation, sulfuric acid can destroy the heat exchanger on the exhaust side. To make matters worse, that the heat requirement for space heating, for example by Nachdämmung existing or improved building materials for new objects, decreases, on the other hand, the power requirement for hot water comfort, eg by large baths increases. This has already led to the fact that, especially in the field of single or multi-family homes boilers are installed with too high overall performance.

Furthermore, there is the fact that the boiler is not operated during the switch-on with optimal characteristics, which has the consequence that heat energy or fuel consumption in an undesirably high amount. In addition, the frequent startup of the boiler, due to incompletely burned fuel, an increased pollutant emissions result. Much of the harmful substances that occur in the boiler in the first few minutes after the burner is switched on, such as Soot, is insulating on heat transfer surfaces and thus already causes increased energy consumption.

Out DE 44 29 215 A1 is a method for reducing the switching frequency of the burner in outdoor or room temperature led boilers known. Here, the burner is kept switched on after switching regardless of the actual need for heat until reaching a predetermined maximum temperature of the heating medium switched off after reaching the maximum temperature and only switched on again when a demand signal is supplied to the control circuit. The method described here explicitly refers to heating systems without buffer storage.

In DE 196 27 271 C1 is a heating system described with a boiler that supplies a heating circuit with heat via a hot water tank. Here, a Vierwegemischer is provided to remove the heating water from the hot water tank and its supply to the heating circuit, by which a primary circuit and a secondary circuit are formed. The hot water tank and the boiler are located in the primary circuit, and the heating circuit is assigned to the secondary circuit.

On a reduction of the switching frequency aims in the DE 298 01 084 U1 and in the DE 100 33 669 A1 described heating system, which has a buffer memory. By means of a mixer, the heated amount of water from the buffer memory is distributed to individual heating circuits, wherein the mixer is controlled in dependence on the temperature in the heating circuit flow and in dependence on an outside temperature sensor.

Description of the invention

Based on this prior art, the invention is based on the object, the previous procedure for the control of heating systems and corresponding To develop heating systems to the effect that the resulting undesirable frequent on or off the burner in the boiler resulting disadvantages are largely avoided.

• Messung von Temperaturen des Heizmediums im Speicherbehälter in zwei oder mehr - auf die Schwerkraftrichtung bezogen - unterschiedlichen Höhen über der Grundfläche des Speicherbehälters, und
• Verknüpfung der dabei gewonnenen Temperatur-Messwerte zwecks Gewinnung von Steuersignalen, die zu einer vorgegebenen Erwärmung des Heizmediums verwendet werden.

According to the invention, a method for controlling a heating system, which is provided for space heating and / or for heating service water and in which a stored in a storage container, is to be heated heating medium, comprising the method steps:

• Measurement of temperatures of the heating medium in the storage container in two or more - in the direction of gravity - different heights above the base of the storage container, and
• Linking of the temperature measured values obtained in order to obtain control signals which are used for a given heating of the heating medium.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the aforementioned method steps are used for heating systems, in which the heating of the heating medium is controlled by means of an internal control circuit having a signal input for an outside temperature measured by a simulated from the obtained for the heating medium in the storage tank temperature values Temperature value generated and is placed as the equivalent of a real measured outside temperature measured value to the signal input of the control circuit.

In this way, according to the invention control signals for switching on or off a feed pump for the heating medium and / or for switching on or off a burner for heating the heating medium in response to a temperature reading from a - related to the direction of gravity - upper portion of the storage container and as a function of at least one temperature measured value obtained from a - related to the direction of gravity - lower portion of the storage container.

Depending on where the temperature sensors are positioned in the storage container, the storage container can pass through variable and the temperature stratification can be optimally adjusted within the storage container. It is alternatively also possible to control the system based on the return temperature of the heating medium.

It is conceivable, and within the scope of the invention, if the control signals for switching off as a function of two temperature measured values are obtained from the gravitational direction at different heights in the lower region of the storage container.

In this regard, it is provided in a particular embodiment of the method according to the invention, to gain temperature readings from different heights in the lower region of the storage container with only one temperature sensor by the position of this temperature sensor is varied in height, so that with this variation For example, a switch from summer to winter operation of the heating system and vice versa can be made. The particular advantage of this is that this switching is therefore no longer dependent solely on the outside temperature, but can be made depending on the actual heat demand actually given. Outdoor temperature is to be understood here as the temperature outside a building whose rooms are heated by means of the heating system.

With application of the method according to the invention, the storage container can be operated as a buffer memory, and it is thus achieved that for space heating is provided exactly not more than the amount of heat that is actually required. Thus, a modulation of the heating system from 0 to 100% is possible without the burner in the boiler starts frequently and only briefly.

Only when the minimum adjustable temperature measured value in the upper area of the storage tank is reached or fallen short, the burner in the boiler gets the signal to start. At the same time, the feed pump is switched on, which promotes the heating medium through the storage tank through to the boiler.

The burner in the boiler remains in operation until another, from a - related to the direction of gravity - lower areas of the storage tank temperature measured value corresponding to a set maximum temperature in the respective memory area, the signal to turn off supplies. At the same time, the feed pump receives the switch-off signal.

In order to protect the boiler against overheating, a follow-up time for the feed pump can be provided.

The use of the buffer memory gives a larger volume of heating medium to be heated. Thus, the boiler is given the opportunity to work for a long time in the operationally optimal range. Similarly with the driving of a car on the highway compared to its much more uneconomical operation in city traffic at stop and go.

The proposed method for controlling a heating system intended for space heating and / or domestic water heating can advantageously be used for linking various energy sources which can be used for heating the heating medium and the process water, such as e.g. Solid fuels, solar collectors, chimney inserts with the energy sources oil or gas, whereby the gas- or oil-operated burner in the boiler is switched on whenever there is not enough energy available from the other sources. Thus, when falling below a predetermined minimum temperature in the upper storage area automatically energy from oil or gas can be supplied. The temperature sensors in the lower storage area are then arranged so that the heating medium is heated in the buffer memory only about 1/3 of the buffer volume by means of the boiler.

• einen Heizkessel mit Brenner zur Erwärmung eines Heizmediums, bevorzugt von Wasser,
• einen Speicherbehälter für das erwärmte Heizmedium, der über eine Heizkesselvor- und eine Heizkesselrücklaufleitung für das Heizmedium mit dem Heizkessel in Verbindung steht,
• einen oder mehrere vom Heizmedium durchflossene Wärmeüberträger, beispielsweise Raumheizkörper, die über eine Heizkreisvor- und eine Heizkreisrücklaufleitung für das Heizmedium mit dem Speicherbehälter verbunden sind,
• durch Steuersignale ein- und ausschaltbare Förderpumpen in den Vor-und/oder Rücklaufleitungen,
• ein ansteuerbares Mischventil zur Beeinflussung der Temperatur des durch die Heizkreisvorlaufleitung strömenden Heizmediums durch Mischung von wärmerem mit kälterem Heizmedium,
• Temperatursensoren zur Gewinnung von Temperatur-Messwerten, sowie
• elektronische Regelschaltungen zur Generierung von Steuersignalen für die Förderpumpen und für das Mischventil aus der Verknüpfung von Temperatur-Messwerten, wobei erfindungsgemäß
• zwei oder mehr Temperatursensoren wärmeleitend mit dem im Speicherbehälter bevorrateten Heizmedium gekoppelt sind,
• diese Temperatursensoren - in Schwerkraftrichtung gesehen - in verschiedenen Abständen über der Grundfläche des Speicherbehälters positioniert sind, und
• die mit diesen Temperatursensoren ermittelten Temperatur-Messwerte an den Eingängen einer Regelschaltung zur Generierung von Steuersignalen für eine Förderpumpe in der Heizkesselvor- oder Heizkesselrücklaufleitung anliegen.

The invention furthermore relates to a heating system which comprises at least:

• a boiler with a burner for heating a heating medium, preferably water,
• a storage tank for the heated heating medium communicating with the boiler via a boiler boiler and a boiler return pipe for the heating medium,
• one or more heat transfer medium through which the heating medium flows, for example space heaters, which are connected to the storage tank via a heating circuit preheater and a heating circuit return line for the heating medium,
• by control signals on and off feed pumps in the supply and / or return lines,
• a controllable mixing valve for influencing the temperature of the heating medium flowing through the heating circuit supply line by mixing warmer with colder heating medium,
• Temperature sensors for obtaining temperature measurements, as well
• electronic control circuits for generating control signals for the feed pumps and for the mixing valve from the combination of temperature measurements, according to the invention
• Two or more temperature sensors are thermally coupled with the stored in the storage tank heating medium,
• these temperature sensors - as seen in the direction of gravity - are positioned at different distances above the base of the storage container, and
• the temperature measured values determined with these temperature sensors are present at the inputs of a control circuit for generating control signals for a feed pump in the boiler or boiler return line.

Preferably, a control circuit for generating control signals for switching on and off of a feed pump in the boiler flow line and for switching on and off of the burner in the boiler is designed.

This control circuit has signal inputs and signal outputs, wherein at the signal inputs the temperature measured values of the temperature sensors are coupled, which are heat-conductively coupled to the stored in the storage tank heating medium, a signal output for transmitting control signals for switching on and off is connected to the feed pump, and another signal output is present at a signal input for an outside temperature reading on the boiler.

The latter signal path is used according to the invention for the transmission of control commands, which are derived by means of the control circuit from the current temperature readings obtained from the heating medium in the storage tank, and simulate an outdoor temperature measured in response to these temperature readings and to the boiler Report.
In a particularly preferred embodiment, three temperature sensors are thermally conductively coupled to the heating medium within the storage container, wherein a first temperature sensor in the - each related to the direction of gravity - upper storage area, a second temperature sensor in the lower storage area near the base of the storage container and a third temperature sensor in the storage area is positioned between the first and the second temperature sensor.

By means of the control circuit, the applied temperature measured values are evaluated as follows and processed into control signals:

From the temperature measured value determined by the temperature sensor positioned in the upper storage area, switch-on signals for the burner and the delivery pump are obtained. The temperature readings obtained from the lower memory areas serve to generate switch-off signals for the burner and the feed pump. The signal is in each case obtained by comparing actual temperature values with predetermined temperature setpoint values.

The switch-on and switch-off signals are transmitted to the boiler as well as to the pump. For the signal input to the boiler, which is intended for an outdoor temperature measurement, the control circuit generates a simulated outside temperature, that is, the boiler is reported, for example, a (actually outside non-existent) temperature of + 25 ° C when the temperature setpoint is exceeded in a lower storage area, or, for example, reported a (actually outside non-existent) temperature of -20 ° C when the temperature target value is exceeded in the upper memory area.

In this way, the burner in the boiler knows only the states ON and OFF and thus has the ability to work at a heat request in the optimum range due to the heat capacity of the buffer memory.

In a heating system equipped with this control circuit, the switching frequency, in particular the switching frequency when switching from summer to winter operation is reduced, since the destruction of the stratified storage tank is largely avoided. This also eliminates the disadvantages which, as already described, adhere to the heating systems according to the prior art.

In the particular case, the above-described heating system can be equipped with a device for domestic water heating, which is to be understood by domestic hot water for use in the kitchen and bathroom heated water.

In this regard, may be present in the storage tank a traversed by the hot water to be heated hot water bubble for the purpose of heat transfer from the heating medium to the hot water. Alternatively, it may be provided that in addition to the storage tank for the heating water, a separate hot water storage tank is provided which communicates with the boiler via separate supply and return lines for the heating medium.

In the latter case, a heat exchanger, through which the heating medium flows, for heat transfer from the heating medium to the service water is provided in the service water tank.

Particularly advantageous is the control circuit which generates the control signals for switching on and off of the burner in the boiler and the feed pump in the boiler feed line, designed as a separate module for retrofitting in existing heating systems.

With the invention, it is possible to largely maintain the gravity-dependent stratification of the heating medium in the storage tank, as is promoted via a thus operated as a buffer storage tank from a hydraulic switch in the individual heating circuits. As a result, the heating circuit pumps can be chosen very small of their performance. When pumping from a hydraulic diverter with relatively low power pumps, the heating medium stored in the storage tank has the potential to form or maintain optimal stratification. When removing heating water for the heating circuit from the upper region of the storage container then rise warmer layers from the lower area to the top. Thus, there is always a physical stratification.

For influencing the temperatures in the heating circuit, for example, a separate control circuit may be present, the signal inputs with temperature sensors in the Heizkreisvorlauf- or Heizkreisrücklaufleitung and - if an outside temperature control of the heating circuit is provided - an outside temperature sensor are connected, and their signal outputs to the mixing valve and to a feed pump in the Heating circuit flow or heating circuit return line are present. Such control circuits for influencing the temperatures in the heating circuit are known from the prior art and in heating systems with heating circuits for space heating usually already exists.

In the case of a retrofit of oil or gas-fired heat generators with its own control and pump control can by switching off the burner due a simulated temperature at a signal input for an outside temperature reading of both the burner and the pump are switched off with lag time, without affecting the function of the hot water preparation is affected. This is particularly advantageous applicable when operated by means of reversing heat generators with only one pump for hot water and heating.

Brief description of the drawings

FIg.1

den prinzipiellen Aufbau einer erfindungsgemäßen Heizungsanlage mit einem Heizkessel sowie mit einem Pufferspeicher und einem separaten Brauchwasserspeicher,

Fig.2

den prinzipiellen Aufbau einer erfindungsgemäßen Heizungsanlage, die mit einer in den Speicherbehälter für das Heizmedium integrierten Einrichtung zur Brauchwassererwärmung ausgestattet ist.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to two embodiments. In the accompanying drawings show:

Fig.1

the basic structure of a heating system according to the invention with a boiler and with a buffer tank and a separate water heater,

Fig.2

the basic structure of a heating system according to the invention, which is equipped with an integrated into the storage container for the heating medium means for domestic water heating.

Detailed description of the drawings

1 shows schematically the structure of a heating system with a boiler 1 and with a separate hot water tank 2 and a buffer memory 3. The boiler 1 is connected via a Heizwasservorlaufleitung 4 and a Heizwasserrücklaufleitung 5 with the hot water tank 2. In the Heizwasservorlaufleitung 4 is a feed pump 6, which serves as a charge pump for domestic water heating. Optionally, the feed pump 6 can also be installed in the return line 5 with the flow direction to the boiler 1.

Furthermore, the boiler 1 is connected via a boiler feed line 7 and a boiler return line 8 with the buffer memory 3, wherein in the boiler return line 8, a feed pump 9, which serves as a so-called boiler circuit pump, classified.

The hot water tank 2 is used to heat the intended example for use by a shower 10 hot water, which is fed via a cold water inlet 11 in the - viewed in the direction of gravity - lower portion of the hot water tank 2. Within the hot water tank 2 is located a heat exchanger 12, which is referred to by the Heizwasservorlaufleitung 4 supplied heating medium, in the concrete example water and therefore hereinafter referred to as heating water, flows through it, while the supplied with the heating water heat transfers to the hot water. The thereby cooled heating water is passed through the Heizwasserrücklaufleitung 5 for the purpose of reheating to the boiler 1 back.

Connected to the buffer memory 3 is here, for example, only one heating circuit 13, which is traversed by heating water from the buffer memory 3. The heating water flows through a heating circuit supply line 14, which via a mixing valve 15 and a feed pump 16, serving here as Heizkreispumpe, leading to the heating circuit 13.

The buffer memory 3 has a relatively high compared to its base height, so that can form a stratification of the heating water insofar as seen in the direction of gravity - warmer in the upper area, colder heating water collects in the lower area, if this stratification is not disturbed. Accordingly, the heating circuit supply line 14 is connected in the upper region of the buffer memory 1, so that here the warmer heating water can be removed and transported to the heating circuit 13.

In the heating circuit 13 there are one or more heat exchangers, e.g. Space radiator, which are flowed through by the heating water, wherein the brought up by the heating water heat is released to the room air. The thereby cooled heating water is returned via a heating circuit return line 17 to the buffer memory 3, which is connected to the buffer memory 3 in the lower area.

The mixing valve 15 is an example of a 3-way mixer, which is coupled to an electronically controllable servo motor and is used to set the temperature of the conveyed through the heating circuit supply line 14 to the heating water heating water. For this purpose, one of the ways of the mixing valve 15 is connected to a branch of the heating circuit return line 17, through which cooled heating water enters the mixing valve 15 and, if necessary, depending on the desired temperature of the heating water in the heating circuit supply line 14 the warmer, coming directly from the buffer memory 3 Heating water is added.

In this regard, the system is equipped with a temperature sensor TV1 as a flow sensor, which is connected to an external control circuit 18. Furthermore, there is an outside temperature sensor AF2, which is also connected to the external control circuit 18. By means of the control circuit 18, control signals are generated for the feed pump 16 operating as a heating circuit pump and for the mixing valve 15. To transmit these control signals, the control circuit 18 is connected via a control line PH1 to the feed pump 16 and via a control line MK1 to the mixing valve 1 5.

The control circuit, 18 serves to influence the temperatures in the heating circuit. Thus, the supply of the heating circuit 13 with heating water, which has the respective required temperature, depending on the outside temperature can be controlled. In this regard, the control circuit 18 is connected via a control line 19 with an internal, the boiler 1 associated control circuit 20.

In an analogous manner, further heating circuits, not shown in FIG. 1, can be controlled by the external control circuit 18 via further temperature sensors TV2 and further control lines PH2 and MK2, respectively.

The internal control circuit 20 also serves via the control line 19 to regulate operating states for the service water storage 2. In this way, the voltage supply can be ensured via the same phase via the heater emergency switch. The control of the hot water tank 2 is still possible via the internal control 20.

According to the invention, for example, three temperature sensors T1, T2 and T3 are now thermally coupled to the stored in the storage tank heating medium, and there is an additional control circuit 21 for generating control signals for the feed pump 9 in the boiler return line 8 is provided. The temperature measured values determined by the temperature sensors T1, T2 and T3 are applied via separate signal lines to separate signal inputs of the control circuit 21.

A first temperature sensor T1 is in the - in each case in the direction of gravity - upper storage area, a second temperature sensor T2 in the lower storage area near the base of the storage container and a third temperature sensor T3 positioned in the storage area between the first temperature sensor T1 and the second temperature sensor T2.

In the embodiment selected here, it is further assumed that the internal control circuit 20 assigned to the boiler 1 has a signal input AF1 for a further outside temperature sensor. According to the invention, the control circuit 21 is connected to the signal input AF1. Furthermore, a signal output of the control circuit 21 to the feed pump 9, the boiler circuit pump connected.

By connecting the control circuit 21 to the signal input AF1, the internal control circuit 20 receives temperature values generated by the control circuit 21 which simulate (actually non-existent) outside temperatures of, for example, -20 ° C. or + 25 ° C. The simulated outside temperature values are derived by means of the control circuit from the respectively currently measured temperature measured values, which are obtained by means of the temperature sensors T1, T2 and / or T3 from the heating water in the storage tank 3, as will be explained below.

For this purpose, it is assumed by way of example that the buffer memory 3 has a circular base area with a diameter of about 0.85 m and a height of about 1.75 m. This can be a buffer of any manufacturer with a storage volume of 0.5 m ³ .

The temperature sensor T3 is, for example, at a distance of 0.85 m - viewed in the direction of gravity - arranged above the base surface of the buffer memory 3. The temperature sensor T2 is positioned at a height of 0.3 m, and the temperature sensor T1 at a height of 1.55 m above the base surface of the buffer memory 3.

As an initial state in the description of the process sequence according to the invention is assumed by way of example that the temperature sensor T1, a temperature of 70 ° C at the temperature sensor T2, a temperature of 60 ° C, and measured at the temperature sensor T3, a temperature of 65 ° C and transmitted to the control circuit 21 becomes.

From the temperature measured by the temperature sensor T1 of 70 ° C, the control circuit 21 generates a simulated temperature of + 25 ° C, via the signal input AF1 is reported as fictitious outside temperature to the internal control circuit 20. In this state, the feed pump 9 and the burner in the boiler 1 are turned off. Heat to supply the heating circuit 13 is ready.

Causes the control circuit 18 in response to a measured with the outdoor temperature sensor AF2 (and actually present) outside temperature value switching on the feed pump 16 and thus the removal of heating water from the upper storage area, then decrease with the duration of the feed pump 16 by means of Temperature sensors T1, T2 and T3 measured and reported to the control circuit 21 temperature readings.

If this falls below a minimum value, for example, 45 ° C at the temperature sensor T1, 7 must be supplied to the buffer memory 3 from the boiler 1 forth on the boiler flow line heat. This is done by at the time of falling below the temperature reading of 45 ° C at the temperature sensor T1 by means of the control circuit 21 generates a simulated temperature of -20 ° C and is applied as a fictitious outside temperature to the signal input AF1 of the internal control 20.

This has the consequence that the burner is turned on in the boiler 1 and the boiler 1 generates heat and transmits to the heating water. At the same time, the feed pump 9 is turned on via the control circuit 21. Depending on the type of boiler, calorific value or low temperature, a reflux temperature increase, e.g. by means of an RTL valve, be present in the event that the over the return line 8 to the boiler 1 supplied heating water is unduly cold. Especially in low-temperature boilers so condensation in the boiler body is prevented.

The burner in the boiler 1 remains turned on until at the position of the temperature sensor T2, a preset target temperature of, for example, 70 ° C in the buffer memory 3 is measured. At the time of exceeding the temperature measurement value of 70 ° C at the temperature sensor T2, a simulated temperature value of + 25 ° C is generated by means of the control circuit 21 and applied as a fictitious outside temperature to the signal input AF1 of the internal control 20.

This causes the burner in the boiler 1 is turned off. Likewise, the feed pump 9 is switched off immediately or alternatively with a follow-up time of 1, 5 or 10 minutes. The follow-up time ensures that the boiler 1 still existing Heat is discharged into the buffer memory 3 in order to avoid disturbances due to overheating of the boiler 1.

Alternatively, the burner in the boiler 1 may remain switched on until, instead of the temperature sensor T2 with the temperature sensor T3, a preset setpoint temperature of e.g. 70 ° C measured in the buffer memory 3 and only then by means of the control circuit 21 generates a simulated temperature value of + 25 ° C and is applied as a fictitious outside temperature to the signal input AF1.

Thus, according to the invention, turn-on signals via the temperature sensor T1 and turn-off signals can be generated either via the temperature sensor T2 or the temperature sensor T3, in each case in conjunction with the control circuits 20 and 21.

The generation of the fictitious outside temperatures by means of the control circuit 21 is carried out, for example, as follows: In the conventional operation of heating systems with outdoor temperature control transmits an outdoor temperature sensor arranged in the outdoor dependent on the outside temperature electrical resistance, which in operating the heating system according to the prior art at the signal input AF1 of the internal Control circuit 20 would be present. This resistance value can be, for example, in the case of running heating systems with a measured outside temperature of + 25 ° C = 10,001 kohm, with an outside temperature of 0 ° C = 32,556 kOhm, with an outside temperature of -15 ° C = 72,510 kOhm.

In order to fulfill the (inventively provided) condition that a simulated temperature of + 25 ° C as a fictitious outside temperature is applied to the signal input AF1 at a measured for example by the temperature sensor T1 heating water temperature of 60 ° C, the control circuit 21 must have a resistance of 10.001 kOhm to the internal control circuit 20 report. This is achieved for example by integrated in the control circuit 21 and preset according electrical resistances.

In the embodiment described above, alternatively, the temperature sensor T2 or the temperature sensor T3 is used to generate the switch-off signal. By contrast, it is also within the scope of the invention to use only one temperature sensor and, as an alternative, to position it at T2 or T3 in order to obtain the corresponding temperature measured values.

With the use of either the temperature sensor T2 or the temperature sensor T3 or a temperature sensor either at the position T2 or T3, the adaptation of the heating system, for example, to the different heat demand in the summer and winter period at the same location or to the different heat demand when using the same Heating system to be adapted to different, with respect to climatic conditions different locations.

In the specific case, the temperature sensors T1, T2 and T3 may be formed as a contact or clamping sensor or be introduced by means of immersion sleeves in the buffer memory 3. The latter is to be preferred due to the higher accuracy of measurement, the attachment as a clamping sensor, for example by means of a terminal strip, however, offers the advantage of a high variability in the implementation of the sensor.

The storage volume in the buffer memory 3 is compared to the heating capacity of the boiler 1 and should not fall below 10 to 12 liters per kW. If the storage volume is relatively large, e.g. due to the integration of a solid fuel boiler, which is required for the promotion of at least 55 liters per kW, the temperature measurement can be omitted at the exemplary position of the temperature sensor T2, to prevent the provision of too large an amount of heat.

Fig.2 schematically illustrates the construction of a heating system with a combined memory 22 for heated service and heating water. Here is a hot water bubble 23 in the memory 22 for the purpose of heat transfer from the heating water to the service water available.

Insofar as the assemblies of the heating system according to Figure 1 also apply to the heating system according to Figure 2, the same reference numerals have been chosen for clarity.

Comparable to the heating system according to Fig.1 also three temperature sensors T1, T2 and T3 are provided in the heating system according to Fig.2, which, also arranged at different heights above the base of the combined memory 22, with the heating water in the combined memory 22 thermally conductive stay in contact. The linkage of the temperature sensors T1, T2 and T3 determined and transmitted to the control circuit 21 temperature measured values takes place in a comparable manner as in the heating system according to Fig.1.

The only difference here is that in this embodiment of the invention, the use of three temperature sensors T1, T2 and T3 is preferable, since the memory on the market are usually designed for a Heizwasservolumen of 600 liters and a domestic water volume of 150 liters. Thus, in summer operation via the temperature sensor T3, the service water in the hot water bubble 23, which is located in the upper part of the combined memory 22, are provided.

If solar collectors installed for the purpose of drinking water, the burner in the boiler 1 is still not turned on in the summer, since the heated water in the combined memory rises and signals the temperature sensor T1 sufficient heat. If this is not available, the burner is started by means of temperature sensor T1 and the hot water preparation is stopped again by means of temperature sensor T3 in a so-called summer circuit.

The temperature sensor T2 is placed in this case so that a relatively cold area in the lower part of the combined memory 22 remains. This ensures that heat transfer to the heating medium can take place with solar heating support. The temperature sensor T2 continues to be used in winter operation when heating heat is required for the heating circuit 13.

As an initial state in the description of the process sequence according to the invention, it is assumed that the temperature sensor T1 a temperature of 60 ° C, at the temperature sensor T2, a temperature of 50 ° C and the temperature sensor T3, a temperature of 55 ° C measured and transmitted to the control circuit 21. At the same time a simulated temperature of + 25 ° C as a fictitious outside temperature to the internal control circuit 20 is reported via the signal input AF1. In this state, the feed pump 9 and the burner are switched off in the boiler, heat for the heating circuit 13 and for domestic water heating is ready.

Causes the control circuit 18 in response to a measured with the outdoor temperature sensor AF2 (and actually present) outside temperature value switching on the feed pump 16 and thus the removal of heating water from the upper storage area, or hot water from the hot water bubble 23, the running time of the feed pump 16 reduces the measured temperature values measured by means of the temperature sensors T1, T2 and T3 and reported to the control circuit 21.

If this falls below a minimum value, for example, 45 ° C at the temperature sensor T1, 7 must be supplied to the combined memory 22 from the boiler 1 forth on the boiler flow line 7 heat. This is done by at the time of falling below the temperature reading of 45 ° C at the temperature sensor T1 by means of the control circuit 21 generates a simulated temperature value of - 20 ° C and is applied as a fictitious outside temperature to the signal input AF1 of the internal control 20.

This has the consequence that the burner is turned on in the boiler 1 and the boiler 1 generates heat and transmits to the heating water. At the same time, the feed pump 9 is turned on via the control circuit 21. Depending on the type of boiler, calorific value or low temperature, a return temperature increase, e.g. by means of an RTL valve, be present in the event that the supplied via the return line 8 to the boiler 1 heating water is unduly cold. Especially in low-temperature boilers so condensation in the boiler body is prevented.

The burner in the boiler 1 remains switched on until at the position of the temperature sensor T2 a preset target temperature of e.g. 60 ° C in the combined memory 22 is measured. At the time of exceeding the temperature measurement value of 60 ° C at the temperature sensor T2, a simulated temperature value of -20 ° C is generated by the control circuit 21 and set as a fictitious outside temperature to the signal input AF1 of the internal control 20.

This causes the burner in the boiler 1 is turned off. Likewise, the feed pump 9 is switched off immediately or alternatively with a follow-up time of 1, 5 or 10 minutes. The lag time ensures that the boiler 1 still existing heat is discharged into the combined memory 22 to avoid interference due to overheating of the boiler 1.

Thus, according to the invention, a switch-on signal via the temperature sensor T1 and in each case a switch-off signal via the temperature sensors T2 and T3 in conjunction with the control circuits 20 and 21 can be generated.

The temperature sensors T2 and T3 can also alternatively or alternatively be used to generate the switch-off signal, and it is also conceivable in this embodiment of the invention to use only a temperature sensor and to position it as needed at T2 or T3 to the to obtain appropriate temperature readings. Thus, the adaptation of this heating system, for example, to the different heat demand in the summer and winter period at the same location or to the different heat requirements when using the same heating system at different locations that are different in terms of climatic conditions.

Again, the temperature sensors T1, T2 and T3 may be formed as a contact or clamping sensor or introduced by means of immersion sleeves in the combined memory 22.

The invention is not limited to execute the control circuits 19, 20 and 21 as described above with reference to two embodiments as separate assemblies and physically and spatially separated, but it is expressly within the scope of the invention, the control circuits technically intertwine with each other, as a unitary assembly carry out and equip the heating system with it.

The separate version has only the advantage that existing heating systems with outdoor temperature control can be retrofitted with the control circuit 21 in an uncomplicated manner.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

boiler

2

Hot water heater

3

buffer memory

4

Heizwasservorlaufleitung

5

Heizwasserrücklaufleitung

6

feed pump

7

Boiler feed line

8th

Boiler return line

9

feed pump

10

shower

11

Cold water inlet

12

heat exchangers

13

heating circuit

14

Heizkreisvorlaufleitung

1 5

mixing valve

16

feed pump

17

Heizkreisrücklaufleitung

18

control circuit

19

control line

20

control circuit

21

control circuit

22

Combined memory

23

Water bubble

TV1, TV2

temperature sensors

AF2

Outside temperature sensor

AF1

Signal input for outside temperature sensor

PH1, PH2

control lines

MK1, MK2

control lines

T1, T2, T3

temperature sensors

Claims (19)

Method for controlling a heating system which is provided for space heating and / or for heating service water and in which a heating medium stored in a storage container (3) is to be heated, comprising the method steps: Measurement of temperatures of the heating medium in the storage container (3) in two or more - with respect to the direction of gravity - different heights above the base of the storage container (3), - Linking the temperature measurements obtained in order to obtain control signals that are used for a demand-dependent heating of the heating medium. A method according to claim 1 for controlling an outdoor temperature-controlled heating system, wherein from the temperature measured values, a control signal is obtained, which is used as an equivalent for an outdoor temperature measured value and instead of an outside temperature measured value to the signal input of a control circuit (20). Method according to Claim 1 or 2, in which control signals for switching on or off a delivery pump (9) for the heating medium and / or for switching on or off a burner for heating the heating medium are obtained. Method according to Claim 3, in which control signals for switching on as a function of a temperature measured value are from an upper region of the storage container (3) related to the direction of gravity and control signals for switching off as a function of at least one temperature measured value from one to the direction of gravity relative to the lower region of the storage container (3) are obtained. Method according to Claim 4, in which the control signals for switching off as a function of two temperature measured values are obtained from different heights in the lower region of the storage container (3) with respect to the direction of gravity. Method one of the preceding claims, in which for heating the heating medium in addition to oil or gas other energy sources, such as solid fuels, solar collectors and / or stove inserts are used, the energy source oil or gas is only used if not enough energy from the others Sources can be provided. Heating system, at least comprising a boiler (1) with burner for heating a heating medium, preferably water, - A storage tank (3) for the heated heating medium, which communicates via a boiler supply line (7) and a boiler return line (8) for the heating medium with the boiler (1), - One or more heat transfer medium flowing through the heat transfer medium, which are connected via a Heizkreisvorlaufleitung (14) and a Heizkreisrücklaufleitung (17) for the heating medium with the storage container (3), - Feed pumps which can be switched on and off by control signals (9, 16) in the supply and / or return lines, a controllable mixing valve (1 5) for influencing the temperature of the heating medium flowing through the heating circuit supply line (14) by mixing warmer and colder heating medium, - Temperature sensors (T) to obtain temperature readings, as well - Electronic control circuits for generating control signals for the feed pumps and for the mixing valve (1 5) from the combination of temperature readings, characterized in that two or more temperature sensors (T) are heat-conductively coupled to the heating medium stored in the storage tank (3), - These temperature sensors (T) - seen in the direction of gravity - are positioned at different distances above the base of the storage container (3), and - The measured with these temperature sensors (T) temperature measurements at the inputs of a control circuit (21) for generating control signals for the burner and / or for a feed pump (9) in the boiler flow line (7) or boiler return line (8) abut. Heating installation according to Claim 7, in which at least one of the temperature sensors (AF2) is provided for measuring the outside temperature and the delivery pump (9) is switched on and off as a function of the temperature measurement values determined with the temperature sensors (T) and / or the mixing valve ( 15) as a function of the temperature measured values determined with the temperature sensors (T). Heating installation according to claim 7 or 8, wherein two temperature sensors (T1, T2) within the storage container (3) are thermally coupled to the heating medium, wherein - A first temperature sensor (T1) in which - related to the direction of gravity - Upper portion of the storage container (3) is arranged, and - A second temperature sensor (T2) in the - related to the direction of gravity - lower portion of the storage container (3) between its base and the position of the first temperature sensor (T1) is arranged. Heating system according to one of claims 7 to 9, wherein means are provided for heat-conducting coupling of the second temperature sensor (T2) with the heating medium optionally at different heights in the lower region of the storage container (3) between its base and the position of the first temperature sensor (T1) , Heating installation according to claim 10, wherein three temperature sensors (T1, T2, T3) within the storage container (3) are thermally coupled to the heating medium, wherein a first temperature sensor (T1) in the upper storage area, in each case in the direction of the gravitational force, - A second temperature sensor (T2) in the lower storage area near the base of the storage container and - A third temperature sensor (T3) is positioned in the storage area between the first temperature sensor (T1) and the second temperature sensor (T2). Heating system according to claim 1 1, wherein the control circuit (21) has three signal inputs connected to the temperature sensors (T1, T2, T3) in the storage container (3) and another signal input connected to the outside temperature sensor (AF1). Heating installation according to one of Claims 7 to 12, in which temperature measured values determined within the control circuit (21) with the temperature sensors (T1, T2, T3) are linked to obtain a control signal which is equivalent to an outside temperature measured value instead of an outside temperature. Measured value is present at the signal input of an internal control circuit (20) provided for outdoor temperature control heating system, and at the signal output of the control circuit (21) control signals for switching on and off of the burner and / or the feed pump (9) in the boiler flow line (7) are available. Heating installation according to one of claims 7 to 13, in which a device for domestic water heating is present. Heating installation according to Claim 14, in which a service water bubble (23) through which hot water flows is present in the storage tank (3) for the purpose of transferring heat from the heating medium to the service water. Heating system according to claim 14, wherein in addition to the storage container (3) for the heating medium, a service water storage tank (2) is provided. Heating installation according to Claim 16, in which a heat exchanger (12) through which the heating medium flows for heat transfer from the heating medium to the service water is present in the service water store (2). Heating system according to one of claims 7 to 17, wherein the control circuit (21) is designed as a separate module and is provided for retrofitting in existing heating systems. Heating installation according to one of claims 13 to 19, in which the control circuit (21) is integrated in the internal control circuit (20).

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