EP1886084B1 - Condensing system - Google Patents
Condensing system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1886084B1 EP1886084B1 EP06753194A EP06753194A EP1886084B1 EP 1886084 B1 EP1886084 B1 EP 1886084B1 EP 06753194 A EP06753194 A EP 06753194A EP 06753194 A EP06753194 A EP 06753194A EP 1886084 B1 EP1886084 B1 EP 1886084B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wall
- condensation plant
- airstream
- condensation
- edge
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Not-in-force
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
- F28B1/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
- F28B1/06—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using air or other gas as the cooling medium
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
- F28B9/00—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices
Definitions
- the invention relates to a condensation plant having the features in the preamble of patent claim 1.
- a forced-ventilation condensation system with an aerodynamic wall is proposed.
- the flow velocity of the aerodynamic wall should be higher than the exit velocity of the cooling air from the heat exchanger elements.
- the nozzles can be arranged above or to the side of the heat exchanger elements.
- slot nozzles conceivable, which are arranged at the edge of the condensation plant and which can be charged with cold or hot air.
- the present invention seeks to provide a condensation plant with an aerodynamic wall, which is at least partially switchable without major structural changes in case of need.
- the condensation plant according to the invention has at its edge a windbreak wall constructed from plate elements, wherein the plate elements have a multiplicity of hollow chambers extending in the vertical direction.
- the hollow chambers of this windbreak wall are used to form an air flow to create an aerodynamic wall above the windbreak wall.
- the introduced air flow is in particular a cold air flow, which mixes with the heated cooling air and alone due to the mixing reduces the negative effects of the remaining warm air circulation.
- Numerical checks showed a significant reduction of the local warm air recirculation rate by a few percentage points at suitable air flow rates. This leads to an improvement in the condensation performance and thus to an increase in power plant efficiency.
- the promotion of the accelerated air flow can be accomplished with a separate, e.g. be done with a mobile fan or by branching a partial flow of the cooling air-promoting fans, which are associated with the peripheral heat exchanger elements.
- the Figures 1 and 2 show a condensation plant 1 with several arranged in series heat exchanger elements 2, which is supplied via fans 3 cooling air K.
- the water vapor supplied via a steam distribution line 4 condenses within the heat exchanger elements 2.
- the heat exchanger elements 2 are surrounded overall by a windbreak wall 6 arranged on the edge 5 of the condensation plant 1, which prevents immediate and unhindered warm air recirculation.
- the degree of warm air recirculation is highly dependent on the locally prevailing wind direction. In particular, in the corner region of a condensation plant, there may be strong warm air recirculation, which negatively affects the condensation performance and thus the power plant efficiency.
- an aerodynamic wall 7 is formed above the windbreak wall 6, which constitutes an additional barrier between the hot air W flowing out of the heat exchanger elements 2 and the cooling air K drawn in from below.
- FIG. 1 By way of example, it is shown that such an aerodynamic wall 7 is formed only in the area of the windscreen wall 6 left in the image plane. Corresponding edge portions 8 of an aerodynamic wall 7 are also exemplary in the plan view of FIG. 2 located. Such an aerodynamic wall is usually only local necessary, especially if very specific wind conditions prevail. It is crucial that the aerodynamic wall 7 can be formed at any desired edge portion 8, without significant structural changes to the condensation plant are required.
- FIG. 5 shows an example in which a central plate element 10 with trapezoidal hollow chambers 9 is closed on both sides by flat plate elements 11, 12, so that form the required hollow chambers 9.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 show how the air flow L is introduced into the hollow chambers 9.
- FIG. 3 shows that in the lower edge region of the windbreak wall 6, an adjusting flap 13 is arranged, which branches off a partial air flow L1 from the cooling air flow K.
- the butterfly valves 13 can be opened and closed as needed.
- the air flow L can be generated at least proportionally by additional fans 14.
- FIG. 4 shows that the air flow L from the partial flows L1 and L2 is composed, which are applied by the additional fan 14 and the fan 3.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)
- Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Kondensationsanlage mit den Merkmalen im Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a condensation plant having the features in the preamble of patent claim 1.
Insbesondere bei größeren Kraftwerkseinheiten und bei Gebäuden im unmittelbaren Nahbereich luftgekühlter Kondensationsanlagen muss bei ungünstigen Windverhältnissen zum Teil mit deutlicher Warmluftrezirkulation gerechnet werden. Die Warmluftrezirkulation findet in begrenzten Bereichen, insbesondere in den Eckbereichen einer Kondensationsanlage statt. Die naheliegendste Lösung wäre es, die Höhe der die Wärmetauscherelemente umgebenden Windschutzwände zu erhöhen. Grundsätzlich wäre dies nur in den kritischen Bereichen erforderlich. Kostengründe, die Statik der Kondensationsanlage sowie Umweltauflagen und wechselnde Intensitäten der Warmluftrezirkulation sprechen jedoch gegen diese Vorgehensweise und verlangen nach einer kostengünstigeren und effektiven Maßnahme, um auch temporär, das heißt nur bei konkretem Vorliegen des tatsächlichen Problems die Warmluftrezirkulation zu verringern.Especially with larger power plant units and buildings in the immediate vicinity of air-cooled condensation systems must be expected in unfavorable wind conditions partly with significant warm air recirculation. The warm air recirculation takes place in limited areas, especially in the corner areas of a condensation plant. The most obvious solution would be to increase the height of the windbreak walls surrounding the heat exchanger elements. Basically, this would only be necessary in the critical areas. Cost reasons, the statics of the condensation plant and environmental requirements and changing intensities of warm air recirculation speak against this approach and call for a more cost-effective and effective measure to temporarily, that is to reduce only in the actual existence of the actual problem, the hot air recirculation.
In der
Da das Problem der Warmluftrezirkulation stark von der vorherrschenden Windrichtung und den lokalen Windgeschwindigkeiten abhängig ist, stellt eine ausschließlich als aerodynamische Wand ausgebildete Barriere einen hohen apparativen Aufwand dar, der keineswegs an allen Randbereichen einer Kondensationsanlage zwingend erforderlich ist. Auch wenn es grundsätzlich möglich ist, einen Teil des Randbereichs der Kondensationsanlage mit einer aerodynamischen Wand zu versehen, ist es aufgrund der Änderung der Windverhältnisse schwierig vorherzusehen, ob nicht temporär auch andere Abschnitte des Randbereichs von erhöhter Warmluftrezirkulation betroffen sind. Ein schnelles Umrüsten ist in einem solchen Fall nicht möglich. Vorsorglich müsste man den gesamten Randbereich mit einer aerodynamischen Wand ausrüsten, was allerdings aus Kostengründen nicht sinnvoll ist.Since the problem of warm air recirculation is highly dependent on the prevailing wind direction and the local wind speeds, a barrier formed exclusively as an aerodynamic wall represents a high expenditure on equipment, which is by no means compulsorily required on all marginal areas of a condensation plant. Although it is basically possible to provide a part of the edge region of the condensation plant with an aerodynamic wall, it is difficult to predict due to the change in wind conditions, whether temporarily not other sections of the edge area are affected by increased warm air recirculation. Fast conversion is not possible in such a case. As a precaution, you would have to equip the entire edge area with an aerodynamic wall, which, however, does not make sense for cost reasons.
Hiervon ausgehend liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Kondensationsanlage mit einer aerodynamischen Wand bereitzustellen, die ohne große bauliche Veränderungen im Bedarfsfall zumindest bereichsweise zuschaltbar ist.Proceeding from this, the present invention seeks to provide a condensation plant with an aerodynamic wall, which is at least partially switchable without major structural changes in case of need.
Diese Aufgabe ist bei einer Kondensationsanlage mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved in a condensation plant with the features of claim 1.
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen des Erfindungsgedankens sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.Advantageous developments of the inventive concept are the subject of the dependent claims.
Die erfindungsgemäße Kondensationsanlage weist an ihrem Rand eine aus Plattenelementen aufgebaute Windschutzwand auf, wobei die Plattenelemente eine Vielzahl von sich in Hochrichtung erstreckenden Hohlkammern aufweisen. Die Hohlkammern dieser Windschutzwand werden dafür genutzt, einen Luftstrom zur Schaffung einer aerodynamischen Wand oberhalb der Windschutzwand auszubilden. Der wesentliche Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Kondensationsanlage ist, dass keine zusätzlichen Schlitzdüsen oder aufwendige Düsenschächte installiert werden müssen, da die ohnehin vorhandene Windschutzwand zur Ausbildung einer aerodynamischen Wand genutzt wird.The condensation plant according to the invention has at its edge a windbreak wall constructed from plate elements, wherein the plate elements have a multiplicity of hollow chambers extending in the vertical direction. The hollow chambers of this windbreak wall are used to form an air flow to create an aerodynamic wall above the windbreak wall. The essential advantage of the condensation plant according to the invention is that no additional slot nozzles or complex nozzle shafts must be installed, since the already existing windbreak wall is used to form an aerodynamic wall.
Der eingeleitete Luftstrom ist insbesondere ein Kaltluftstrom, der sich mit der erwärmten Kühlluft vermengt und allein aufgrund der Vermengung die negativen Auswirkungen der verbleibenden Warmluftzirkulation mindert. Numerische Überprüfungen ergaben bei geeigneten Geschwindigkeiten des Luftstroms eine deutliche Reduzierung der lokalen Warmluftrezirkulationsrate um einige Prozentpunkte. Dies führt zu einer Verbesserung der Kondensationsleistung und damit zu einer Steigerung des Kraftwerkwirkungsgrads. Die Förderung des beschleunigten Luftstroms kann mit einem separaten, z.B. mit einem mobilen Gebläse erfolgen oder auch durch Abzweigen eines Teilstroms von den Kühlluft fördernden Ventilatoren, welche den randseitigen Wärmetauscherelementen zugeordnet sind. Aufgrund des relativ geringen Querschnitts der Hohlkammern würde zwar ein Druckverlust entstehen, allerdings ist die Förderleistung der Ventilatoren sehr hoch, so dass der Volumenstrom im Bereich der aerodynamischen Windwand relativ hoch ist und die Druckverluste kompensiert. Durch Nutzung der vorhandenen Windschutzwände lässt sich temporär und auch dauerhaft eine flexible und gleichzeitig effektive Lösung zur Reduzierung der Warmluftrezirkulation mit relativ geringem technischem Aufwand und auch mit geringen Kosten erreichen.The introduced air flow is in particular a cold air flow, which mixes with the heated cooling air and alone due to the mixing reduces the negative effects of the remaining warm air circulation. Numerical checks showed a significant reduction of the local warm air recirculation rate by a few percentage points at suitable air flow rates. This leads to an improvement in the condensation performance and thus to an increase in power plant efficiency. The promotion of the accelerated air flow can be accomplished with a separate, e.g. be done with a mobile fan or by branching a partial flow of the cooling air-promoting fans, which are associated with the peripheral heat exchanger elements. Although due to the relatively small cross section of the hollow chambers, a pressure loss would occur, however, the delivery rate of the fans is very high, so that the volume flow in the aerodynamic wind wall is relatively high and compensates the pressure losses. By using the existing wind walls can be temporarily and permanently a flexible and effective solution to reduce warm air recirculation with relatively little technical effort and also achieve low costs.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand der in den Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert. Es zeigen:
- Figur 1
- in der Seitenansicht eine Kondensationsanlage mit mehreren in Reihe angeordneten dachförmigen Wärmetauscherelementen, die zwischen randseitigen Windschutzwänden positioniert sind;
Figur 2- eine Kondensationsanlage in der Draufsicht;
Figur 3- ein randseitiges Wärmetauscherelement benachbart einer Windschutzwand in der Seitenansicht;
Figur 4- eine weitere Ausführungsform gemäß der Darstellung der
undFigur 3 Figur 5- einen Querschnitt durch eine Windschutzwand, wie sie in den
zum Einsatz kommt.Figuren 3 und 4
- FIG. 1
- in the side view of a condensation plant with a plurality of roof-shaped heat exchanger elements arranged in series, which are positioned between marginal windshields;
- FIG. 2
- a condensation plant in plan view;
- FIG. 3
- an edge-side heat exchanger element adjacent to a windbreak wall in the side view;
- FIG. 4
- a further embodiment according to the illustration of
FIG. 3 and - FIG. 5
- a cross section through a windbreak wall, as in the
FIGS. 3 and 4 is used.
Die
Der zur Ausbildung einer aerodynamischen Wand 7 erforderliche Luftstrom L wird durch Hohlkammern 9 der Windschutzwand 6 geführt. In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel sind die Hohlkammern 9 trapezförmig konfiguriert (
Die
- 1 -1 -
- Kondensationsanlagecondensation plant
- 2 -2 -
- WärmetauscherelementHeat exchanger element
- 3 -3 -
- Ventilatorfan
- 4 -4 -
- Dampfverteilleitungsteam manifold
- 5 -5 -
- Rand v. 1Edge v. 1
- 6 -6 -
- WindschutzwandWindbreak wall
- 7 -7 -
- aerodynamische Wandaerodynamic wall
- 8 -8th -
- Randabschnitt v. 5Edge section v. 5
- 9 -9 -
- Hohlkammerhollow
- 10 -10 -
- mittleres Plattenelementmiddle plate element
- 11 -11 -
- Deckplattecover plate
- 12 -12 -
- Deckplattecover plate
- 13 -13 -
- Stellklappeadjustable flap
- 14 -14 -
- Zusatzlüfteradditional fan
- K -K -
- Kühlluftcooling air
- L -L -
- Luftstromairflow
- L1 -L1 -
- Teilstrompartial flow
- L2 -L2 -
- Teilstrompartial flow
- W -W -
- Warmlufthot air
Claims (6)
- Condensation plant with a plurality of heat exchanger elements (2) which are arranged, in particular, in a roof-shaped manner and to which cooling air (K) is supplied via fans (3), an aerodynamic wall (7) being formed at one edge (5) of the condensation plant (1), characterized in that a windbreak wall (6) constructed from plate elements (10) is arranged at the edge (5), the plate elements (10) having a multiplicity of hollow chambers (9) extending in the vertical direction, an air stream (L) for forming an aerodynamic wall (7) above the windbreak wall (6) being capable of being introduced at least in regions into the windbreak wall (6) formed in this way.
- Condensation plant according to Claim 1, characterized in that the plate elements (10) are of trapezoidal or wavy configuration and are closed on one side or on both sides with cover plates (11, 12) to form hollow chambers (9).
- Condensation plant according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the airstream (L) for the aerodynamic wall (7) is, at least proportionately, a part airstream (L1) of the edge-side fans (3).
- Condensation plant according to Claim 3, characterized in that the airstream (L) is a part airstream (L1) of the not yet heated cooling air (K).
- Condensation plant according to Claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the part airstream (L1) can be set via actuating flaps (13) arranged in the cooling-air stream (K).
- Condensation plant according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the airstream (L) is generated at least proportionately by additional fans (14).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102005024155A DE102005024155B4 (en) | 2005-05-23 | 2005-05-23 | condensation plant |
PCT/DE2006/000879 WO2006125420A1 (en) | 2005-05-23 | 2006-05-22 | Condensing system |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1886084A1 EP1886084A1 (en) | 2008-02-13 |
EP1886084B1 true EP1886084B1 (en) | 2008-08-13 |
Family
ID=36870066
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP06753194A Not-in-force EP1886084B1 (en) | 2005-05-23 | 2006-05-22 | Condensing system |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20080196435A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1886084B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN100580361C (en) |
AP (1) | AP2007004006A0 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE404837T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2006251721B2 (en) |
DE (2) | DE102005024155B4 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2309965T3 (en) |
MA (1) | MA29230B1 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2007005843A (en) |
RU (1) | RU2347995C1 (en) |
TN (1) | TNSN07344A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006125420A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA200710041B (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8302670B2 (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2012-11-06 | Spx Cooling Technologies, Inc. | Air guide for air cooled condenser |
DE102008031221B3 (en) * | 2008-07-03 | 2009-08-13 | Gea Energietechnik Gmbh | Condensation system for use in e.g. power plant, has wind guiding wall, where distance between wind guiding wall and longitudinal sides in middle longitudinal section is larger than distance in end-sided longitudinal section |
CN101881573A (en) * | 2010-05-31 | 2010-11-10 | 金坛市塑料厂 | Cooling tower antifreezing macromolecule wind screen |
EP2420789B1 (en) * | 2010-08-19 | 2018-02-28 | Laborelec CVBA | Air-cooled heat exchanger provided with a rigid panel forming a windbreak |
NO333218B1 (en) * | 2011-01-27 | 2013-04-15 | Fmc Kongsberg Subsea As | Manifold for use in a flow system |
CN102252532B (en) * | 2011-06-22 | 2013-01-09 | 哈尔滨空调股份有限公司 | Electric wind-shielding attemperator |
US9551532B2 (en) * | 2012-05-23 | 2017-01-24 | Spx Dry Cooling Usa Llc | Modular air cooled condenser apparatus and method |
US9689630B2 (en) | 2012-07-02 | 2017-06-27 | Ormat Technologies Inc. | Device and method for minimizing the effect of ambient conditions on the operation of a heat exchanger |
US9651269B2 (en) * | 2012-07-02 | 2017-05-16 | Ormat Technologies Inc. | Device and method for minimizing the effect of ambient conditions on the operation of a heat exchanger |
CN104296552B (en) * | 2014-09-17 | 2016-08-24 | 南京航空航天大学 | Novel air cooling tubes condenser and turbine discharge condensation method with aspiration leg |
CN114111368A (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2022-03-01 | 国网河北省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Air cooling island wind shield wall system and air cooling island |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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GB948562A (en) * | 1961-07-29 | 1964-02-05 | Happel Gmbh | An improved air-cooled heat exchanger |
US3138941A (en) * | 1963-06-05 | 1964-06-30 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Controls for refrigeration systems having air cooled condensers |
GB1075462A (en) * | 1964-03-11 | 1967-07-12 | English Electric Co Ltd | Dry cooling towers |
US3466889A (en) * | 1967-11-24 | 1969-09-16 | Chrysler Corp | Damper control for refrigeration systems |
DE1962061C3 (en) * | 1969-12-11 | 1979-05-10 | Kraftwerk Union Ag, 4330 Muelheim | Air condensation system |
JPS5821194B2 (en) * | 1973-07-02 | 1983-04-27 | ザ マ−レイ カンパニ− | Ryuutaioreikiyakusuruhouhou Oyobi Souchi |
US3939906A (en) * | 1973-12-28 | 1976-02-24 | The Lummus Company | Air cooled exchanger |
DE3006357A1 (en) * | 1980-02-20 | 1981-08-27 | Wintershall Ag, 3100 Celle | Steam condenser tubes cooled by air from fans - with speed periodically altered to provide uniform cooling |
DE3421200A1 (en) * | 1983-07-12 | 1985-01-24 | Balcke-Dürr AG, 4030 Ratingen | Fan-cooled condensing unit |
DE3325054A1 (en) * | 1983-07-12 | 1985-01-24 | Balcke-Dürr AG, 4030 Ratingen | FORCED VENTILATED CONDENSATION SYSTEM |
CN85101371A (en) * | 1985-04-01 | 1987-01-10 | 海蒙·索贝尔公司 | Condensator cooled by intense ventilation |
US5042574A (en) * | 1989-09-12 | 1991-08-27 | Modine Manufacturing Company | Finned assembly for heat exchangers |
US5181395A (en) * | 1991-03-26 | 1993-01-26 | Donald Carpenter | Condenser assembly |
US6128905A (en) * | 1998-11-13 | 2000-10-10 | Pacificorp | Back pressure optimizer |
DE10323791A1 (en) * | 2003-05-23 | 2004-12-09 | Gea Energietechnik Gmbh | Air impingement steam condenser for turbine has angled coolers defining triangular configuration with upper vapor distributor |
-
2005
- 2005-05-23 DE DE102005024155A patent/DE102005024155B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-05-22 AT AT06753194T patent/ATE404837T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-05-22 DE DE502006001347T patent/DE502006001347D1/en active Active
- 2006-05-22 EP EP06753194A patent/EP1886084B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-05-22 AU AU2006251721A patent/AU2006251721B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2006-05-22 RU RU2007125652/06A patent/RU2347995C1/en active
- 2006-05-22 AP AP2007004006A patent/AP2007004006A0/en unknown
- 2006-05-22 MX MX2007005843A patent/MX2007005843A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2006-05-22 ES ES06753194T patent/ES2309965T3/en active Active
- 2006-05-22 CN CN200680001529A patent/CN100580361C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-05-22 WO PCT/DE2006/000879 patent/WO2006125420A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2006-05-22 US US11/915,207 patent/US20080196435A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2007
- 2007-07-12 MA MA30066A patent/MA29230B1/en unknown
- 2007-09-07 TN TNP2007000344A patent/TNSN07344A1/en unknown
- 2007-11-21 ZA ZA200710041A patent/ZA200710041B/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE502006001347D1 (en) | 2008-09-25 |
RU2347995C1 (en) | 2009-02-27 |
AP2007004006A0 (en) | 2007-06-30 |
AU2006251721A1 (en) | 2006-11-30 |
CN100580361C (en) | 2010-01-13 |
MA29230B1 (en) | 2008-02-01 |
WO2006125420A1 (en) | 2006-11-30 |
ATE404837T1 (en) | 2008-08-15 |
CN101091098A (en) | 2007-12-19 |
DE102005024155B4 (en) | 2009-09-03 |
MX2007005843A (en) | 2007-07-04 |
US20080196435A1 (en) | 2008-08-21 |
TNSN07344A1 (en) | 2008-12-31 |
DE102005024155A1 (en) | 2006-11-30 |
ES2309965T3 (en) | 2008-12-16 |
ZA200710041B (en) | 2008-11-26 |
AU2006251721B2 (en) | 2008-10-30 |
EP1886084A1 (en) | 2008-02-13 |
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