EP1866468B1 - Grate bar - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a grate bar for a cleaning device of a spinning preparation machine, in particular for a cleaning machine or card, with a free surface, which is an Öffnerwalze the spinning preparation machine undeliverable and with a Anstellfläche, which, based on the direction of rotation of the Öffnerwalze upstream the free surface adjoining limiting straight line, wherein one of the boundary line outgoing first half-plane, which is tangent to the free surface and one of the boundary straight outgoing half-plane, which touches the Anstellfläche, include a cutting edge.

Furthermore, the present invention relates to a cleaning device for a spinning preparation machine, in particular for a cleaning machine or card, with a Öffnerwalze.

In short staple spinning, especially when natural fibers such as cotton or blends containing natural fibers are spun, it is necessary to clean the fiber material before it is fed to a spinning machine. So z. B. Raw cotton typically between 3% and 8% impurities such as sand, dust, shells and other foreign parts. These impurities should be removed as completely as possible, with as few as possible good fibers being eliminated from the raw cotton and the remaining fibers being damaged as little as possible by the cleaning process. Basically, however, that the higher the degree of purification, both the Gutfaserverlust and the fiber degradation increases.

Usually, the raw cotton is delivered in pressed bales for spinning. The unwanted dirt is firmly embedded in the raw cotton. To remove this now, it is necessary to dissolve the raw cotton in finer and finer flakes and further into individual fibers, since only so the binding of the impurities to the fiber material can be sufficiently reduced.

In today's conventional spinning preparation lines a plurality of successively arranged cleaning devices is provided. Cleaning devices of the type described here have revolving or rotating Öffneraggregate. Circumferential Öffneraggregate include, for example, needle pads. On the other hand, pin rollers, nasal drums, nasal sheathing rollers, carding rollers, flapping blades, needle bar wings and needle bar rollers are counted among the rotating opener units. In the following, the mentioned Öffneraggregate be uniformly referred to as Öffnerwalze.

The opening, also called dissolving, of the fiber material transported along an opening roller is effected by a mechanical action of the driven opener roller on the fiber material. By this mechanical action at the same time dirt is released from the fiber material.

The opened or dissolved fiber material is carried along with the loosely contained therein now pollution on a cup-like arranged on the opening roller rust. A part of this fiber material is thereby discharged to the outside, for example, by gravity, centrifugal force or by an air flow through the grate. In relation to the supplied, uncleaned fiber material contains this removed by the rust part of the fiber material, which is also called outlet, a large proportion of contaminants. As a result, the fiber material not guided by the grate is ultimately cleaned. However, the finish also includes a certain amount of fiber material, which is undesirable but unavoidable.

Grates are segments which typically enclose a quarter to three quarters of the opener roll. It is also possible to assign a grate roller several grates. Grates consist of several individual, ultimately a shell-forming, edged grate elements. In addition to slotted sheets, perforated sheets, angle bars and knives, grate bars with a triangular cross-section are used today as grate elements.

The cleaning effect of the cleaning device depends in particular on the proportion of the waste from the total fiber material supplied. The departure can be adjusted by changing the geometric arrangement of the grate bars. So common cleaning devices have an actuator to change both the distance of the grate bars to Öffnerwalze and the angle of attack of the individual grate bars. It is also known to increase the departure by the gap between the bars is increased. However, this requires an extremely complex actuator, so that this method is only partially suitable for increasing the outflow in practice.

Cleaning devices comprising a Öffnerwalze and grate bars, as independent cleaning machines, such as coarse cleaner or fine cleaner, trained or part of a spinning preparation machine, such as a blender or a card, which serves primarily for other purposes may be. For example, such a cleaning device can be arranged in the hopper or in the licker-on zone of a card. In the latter case, for example, the licker-in (Briseur) of the card is used as a Öffnerwalze in the sense of this application.

From the EP 0 381 859 is a spinning preparation machine, namely a coarse cleaner, with a cleaning device of the type of interest here known. The disclosed cleaning apparatus comprises an impactor-tipped roll for dissolving the supplied fibrous material into flakes and a plurality of grate bars arranged in groups on the circumference of the opening roll.

An Indian EP 0 381 859 shown grate bar has an open space, which is arranged opposite the peripheral surface of the opening roller, and a counter to the feed direction of the fiber material facing Anstellfläche. Free surface and Anstellfläche are each flat, so two-dimensional, formed. Furthermore, they have a common transition line, which runs in a boundary line.

A first half-plane extending from the delimiting straight line, which touches the free surface, and a second half-plane emanating from the delimiting straight line, which touches the positioning surface, form in the mathematical sense, namely in the sense of spatial geometry (stereometry), an edge which relates to the Longitudinal direction of the grate bar extends to both sides in the infinite. That part of this mathematically defined edge, which extends along the boundary line between the free surface and the positioning surface, defines a cutting edge in the physical sense. The first half-plane and the second half-plane thus contain the physical (real) cutting edge

At the cutting edge, the actual separation between the cleaned fiber material and the outlet, which contains a large part of the impurities. The grate bar further has a newly formed third surface. Thus, what is disclosed is a so-called triangular grid.

The grate bars can be changed by an actuator in their distance from the opening roller and in their angle of attack, also called pitch. Should z. B. the proportion of the departure based on the total supplied fiber material can be increased, the grate bars can be brought closer to the opening roller and / or be made steeper. In both cases, the finish and thus the cleaning effect can be effectively increased. The setting of the parameters mentioned is carried out so that sets a balance between cleaning effect and loss of suitable for further processing fiber material. So it is not set the maximum but the optimal finish.

In the apparatus shown, however, it is disadvantageous that, in particular, when the grate bars are steeply set in order to reach the optimal outlet and / or are pushed close to the opening roll, the fiber cleaning causes severe damage to the cleaned fiber material intended for further processing. Fiber damage is understood, for example, as kinking, tearing or tearing off a fiber. Such fiber damage is undesirable because it is detrimental to the quality of the final product produced in a spinning mill.

The need for an improved cleaning effect without increasing the fiber damage has risen steadily in recent decades, since in the same period of time the average degree of soiling of the raw cotton supplied to the spinning mills has increased. The problem is exacerbated by the fact that the average size of the dirt particles has decreased in recent decades, which is why they are more involved in the fiber material.

For this reason, the optimal finish has increased in many cases, and this can not always be achieved with the previous adjustment of the cleaning devices.

An adjustment of the gap width between the grate bars is in the from the EP 0 381 859 not provided. Although it could be increased in a relatively fiber-friendly manner by such adjustment the proportion of leaving, but retrofitting such adjustment in the disclosed device with a reasonable design effort is not possible.

Object of the present invention is thus to propose a grate bar and a cleaning device, which allows an improved cleaning effect with the same fiber damage or a lower fiber damage with constant cleaning effect. The gap width between the grate bars should remain the same.

The object is achieved by a grate bar and a cleaning device having the features of the independent patent claims.

A grate bar according to the invention has an open space, which is formed in three dimensions. It differs from the three-bar grate bars known from the prior art in that the free surface is no longer arranged in a two-dimensional plane. Due to the three-dimensional design of the open space, a similar effect can be achieved as if the distance of the grate bars would be increased. A Actual increase in the distance of the grate bars is thus no longer necessary to improve the Abgangverhaltens.

Thus, with an otherwise unchanged geometry of the cleaning device, an increased proportion of the supplied fiber material between the grate bars are eliminated without the cutting edge would have to be brought into a position which would cause increased fiber damage. In fact, it is neither necessary to bring the grate bars closer to the opener roller nor to pivot the grate bar so that the cutting edge would act more aggressively on the fiber material. Overall, an improved cleaning effect with unchanged fiber damage or a lower fiber damage can be achieved with the same cleaning effect.

A grate bar according to the invention can be installed in the production of any spinning preparation machine with a corresponding cleaning device. It is likewise possible to retrofit grate bars according to the invention in existing spinning preparation machines. For this purpose, it is only necessary to provide the grate bars according to the invention with fixing sections which correspond to the fixing sections existing on the spinning preparation machine. Usually, such fastening portions are provided on the end faces.

Advantageously, the free surface is formed on the second half-plane side facing the first half-plane. All sections of the free surface are thus either in the first half plane defining the cutting edge or on the side of this half plane facing the center of the cross section of the grate bar, wherein at least a portion of the free surface protrudes from the first half plane.
As a result, the same effect can be achieved as if one would greatly increase the distance between adjacent grate bars, but this with a significantly lower design effort.

In a preferred embodiment, the free surface, following the boundary line, has a first plane section lying in the first half plane. This results in a high stability of the cutting edge.

Preferably, following the first planar section, the free surface has a second planar section, which is inclined relative to the first half plane in the direction of the second half plane by an angle α. Preferably, the angle α has a value between 15 ° and 40 °, wherein the first planar portion 30% -70%, preferably 40% -60%, of the total area of the flank comprises. Such geometry of the free surface leads to a high mechanical stability of the grate bar and is relatively easy to produce. The free surface can consist exclusively of the first planar section and the second planar section.

In a further preferred embodiment, following the second planar section, the free surface comprises a third planar section, which is inclined relative to the first half plane in the direction of the second half plane by an angle β. In this way, an improved guidance or a lighter sliding of the auszuscheidenden fiber material can be effected.

In this case, the first planar section may comprise 15% -50%, preferably 25% -40%, and the second planar section 15% -50%, preferably 25% -40%, of the total area of the flank. Preferably, the angle α may have a value between 3 ° and 10 ° and the angle β may have a value between 15 ° and 50 °. The open space can consist exclusively of the three mentioned flat sections. Alternatively, further sections can be connected to the third planar section.

Preferably, at least one edge formed by two of said planar sections has a rounding or bevel. This also ensures an improved management of auszuschcheidenden material.

Also, the free surface may include at least one convexly curved portion. Although such curved sections are more expensive to manufacture, so can the removal of the auszuscheidenden fiber material can be facilitated.

A convex curved section can be connected directly to the boundary line. In this case, this convexly curved portion may comprise 30% -70%, preferably 40% -60%, of the total area of the free surface. As a result, a particularly low fiber damage can be achieved.

In a further embodiment, said convexly curved portion may be connected to the first planar portion. In this case, the first planar section preferably comprises 30% -70%, preferably 40% -60%, of the total area of the free surface. This results in a particularly good guidance of the fiber material on the side facing away from the cutting edge of the free surface.

The Anstellfläche is preferably formed as a plane. A flat Anstellfläche counteracts in particular a possible blockage of the grate bar assembly.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the first half-plane and the second half-plane include a chevron angle γ with a value between 30 ° and 80 °, preferably between 45 ° and 65 °. As a result, a good mechanical stability of the grate bar can be achieved.

Preferably, the grate bar is designed as a extruded profile bar. Such a profile bar can be easily and inexpensively manufactured.

The grate bar can have a hollow profile. As a result, the total weight of the grate bar can be kept low.

In a cleaning device according to the invention, the opener roller is assigned at least one grate bar according to the invention, whereby the advantages according to the invention are achieved.

Advantageously, the at least one grate bar is pivotally mounted about an axis which runs parallel to the axis of rotation of the opening roller. Thus, the proportion of excreted material can be adjusted easily.

Particularly preferably, the grate bar is pivotable such that the angle δ can have negative values from a tangential plane of the opening roller extending through the delimiting straight line to the first half plane. The angle δ then has negative values if the tangential plane has to be rotated by a clockwise rotation into the first half plane. If the angle δ is set to negative values, the fiber damaging effect of the cutting edge is substantially reduced.

Preferably, the grate bar is pivotally mounted so that the angle δ at least in a range of -5 ° to + 30 °, preferably from -15 ° to + 45 °, is adjustable. As a result, the material excretion can be influenced in a wide range.

Preferably, the axis of the at least one grate bar is adjustable at a distance from the opening roller. This results in a further variation possibility.

Figur 1

einen schematischen Querschnitt einer Spinnereivorbereitungsmaschine mit einer Reinigungsvorrichtung;

Figur 2

eine Teilansicht der Reinigungsvorrichtung;

Figur 3

eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Roststabes gemäss dem Stand der Technik;

Figuren 4 bis 7

jeweils ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemässen Roststabes im Querschnitt;

Figur 8

eine Teilansicht einer erfindungsgemässen Reinigungsvorrichtung mit einem negativen Freiwinkel des Roststabes;

Figur 9

eine Teilansicht einer erfindungsgemässen Reinigungsvorrichtung, wobei der Freiwinkel des Roststabes einen positiven Wert aufweist.

Further advantages of the invention are described in the following exemplary embodiments. It shows:

FIG. 1

a schematic cross section of a spinning preparation machine with a cleaning device;

FIG. 2

a partial view of the cleaning device;

FIG. 3

a perspective view of a grate bar according to the prior art;

FIGS. 4 to 7

in each case an embodiment of a grate bar according to the invention in cross section;

FIG. 8

a partial view of a cleaning device according to the invention with a negative clearance angle of the grate bar;

FIG. 9

a partial view of a cleaning device according to the invention, wherein the clearance angle of the grate bar has a positive value.

FIG. 1 shows a coarse cleaner 1 as an example of a spinning preparation machine with a cleaning device. It has a driven opener roller 2, which rotates about the axis of rotation 8 in the direction of rotation DR, and is occupied in the usual way with impact pins 6. The outer ends of the impact pins 6 move on the impact circle 7. The coarse cleaner 1 has an inlet 4 for the supply of fiber material to be cleaned _to FM and an outlet 5 for the purified fibrous material FM _ger on. The supplied fiber _material is FM in the form of fiber flocks FF, which are transported by a conveying air stream. In this case, the conveying air flow is guided around at the opening roller 2. Due to the mechanical action of the impact pins 6 on the fiber flakes FF they are continuously refined. In this case, dirt material is extracted from the fiber flakes FF. A large part of this dirty material passes with a portion of the fiber flakes FF as a departure AG through the spaces between the grate bars 10 through into a collecting trough. 3

FIG. 2 shows an enlarged view of three grate bars 10, which are associated with the opening roller 2. The fiber flakes FF are opened by the opener roller 2 and carried along on its circumference. Dirt and part of the fiber flakes FF are, however, excreted between adjacent grate bars 10 outward as leaving AG. The separation of the outgo AG of the further transported fiber flakes FF takes place at the transition of the free surface 11 to the Anstellfläche 12. The grate bars 10 shown here have a triangular cross section and come from the prior art. However, such grate bars 10 are not only used in coarse cleaners as in the example described here, but also in other cleaning devices on other spinning preparation machines.

The grate bars 10 have a cutting edge 19 at their end facing the direction of rotation DR. The grate bars 10 are each pivotally mounted about an axis 9. The possible pivoting movement is indicated by a curved double arrow. By means of a solid line, a position of the grate bars 10 is indicated, which causes a relatively small outlet AG. By means of the dot-dash line, however, a position is indicated in which the departure AG is substantially increased. However, in the latter case, the respective cutting edge 19 of the grate bar 10 attacks extremely aggressively on the fiber flakes FF guided past. This results in a considerable damage to the cleaned fiber material FM _ger .

Another adjustment of the grate bars 10 and the cutting edges 19 is indicated by means of the rectilinear double arrow. Thus, the distance of the pivot axis 9 can be varied to the opening roller 2. Also, this can affect the amount of dirt removal. For pivoting or for displacing the grate bars 10 and thus the respective cutting edge 19, a relatively complicated and not shown actuators is required.

FIG. 3 shows a grate bar 10 according to the prior art in perspective view in a Cartesian xyz coordinate system. The grate bar 10 has an open space 11, which is arranged completely in a plane parallel to the xy plane. The free surface 11 is thus formed two-dimensionally and is bounded at its upstream end by a boundary line 13.

Furthermore, the grate bar 10 on a Anstellfläche 12, which adjoins the boundary line 13 of the free surface 11. The outgoing of the boundary line 13 half-plane 14, which affects the open space 11 and the second half-plane 15, which also starts from the boundary line 13, but the Anstellfläche 12 tangent, together form an edge in the mathematical sense. In the boundary line 13, the boundary line 20 between the free surface 11 and 12 Anstellfläche is included. The boundary line 20 and the subsequent sections of the first half-plane 14 and the second half-plane 15th form the physically trained cutting edge 19 of the grate bar 10. From the first half-plane 14 and the second half-plane 15 of the edge angle γ, which is also the edge angle γ of the cutting edge 19 is included.

FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of a grate bar 10 according to the invention in cross section in the yz plane. A first planar section 11a, which adjoins the boundary straight line 13, extends within the first half plane 14. The second planar section 11b, however, is inclined relative to the first half plane 14 by the angle α in the direction of the second half plane 15. At the transition of the first half-plane 11a to the second plane 11b, an edge 16 is shown, which has a rounding.

FIG. 5 shows a further inventive grate bar 10, which is also shown in cross section, ie in the yz plane. Here, the relief surface 11 is divided into a first planar portion 11a, a second planar portion 11b, and a third planar portion 11c. The first planar section 11a is as in the example of FIG. 4 arranged in the first half-plane 14. The second planar portion 11b is inclined relative to the first half plane 14 by the angle α. The third planar section 11 c, however, is inclined relative to the first half plane 14 by the angle β.

FIG. 6 shows a further example of a grate bar 10 according to the invention, wherein the free surface 11 comprises a curved portion 11d, which starts from the boundary line 13 and merges at the transition 17 without forming an edge in a flat portion 11 e of the flank 11.

Also FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of a grate bar 10 according to the invention in cross section. At a first of the boundary line 13 outgoing flat portion 11a closes at the junction 17 without forming an edge, a convex curved portion 11d.

The FIG. 8 shows the basis of the FIG. 5 described grate bar 10 and its relative arrangement with respect. The impact circle 7 of the opener roller 2. The beating circle 7 is simplified as a straight line. The angle δ, also called free angle, from a running through the boundary line 13 tangential plane of the opening roller 2 to the first half plane 14 has a negative value, since the imaginary tangent plane 18 would have to be rotated in the clockwise direction to convert them into the first tangent plane 14 , In the position shown, the grate bar 10 causes a very low fiber damage, but due to the downward slope of the third planar portion 11c still a relatively high amount of dirt material can be excreted.

In FIG. 9 is the grate bar 10 from the FIG. 8 pivoted counterclockwise. As a result, the angle δ itself assumes a positive value. The fiber damaging effect of the grate bar 10 is compared to that in the FIG. 8 described situation increases. However, it is not higher than would be the case if a known from the prior art triangular grate bar in the same position would be arranged. Compared to the conventional grate bar but a higher elimination is ensured.

The present invention is not limited to the illustrated and described embodiments. There are modifications within the scope of the claims at any time. For example, different, but inventive grate bars can be combined in a cleaning device. Also, a combination of one or more inventive grate bars with conventional grate elements such as slotted sheets, perforated plates, triangular bars, angle bars or knives is possible. It may further be provided that the grate bars of a cleaning device individually, in groups or in their entirety are adjustable.

Claims (21)

1. A grate bar (10) for a cleaning device of a spinning preparation machine (1), particularly for a blow room machine or a carding machine, with a free surface (11) which can be advanced to an opener roller (2) of the spinning preparation machine (1) and with a setting surface (12) which adjoins a delimiting straight line (13) that delimits the free surface (11) upstream in relation to the direction of rotation (DR) of the opener roller (2), wherein a first half-plane (14) which originates from the delimiting straight line (13) and which is tangent to the free surface (11) and a second half-plane (15) which originates from the delimiting straight line (13) and which is tangent to the setting surface (12) contain a cutting edge (19), characterised in that the free surface (11) is configured as three-dimensional.
2. The grate bar (10) according to the preceding claim, characterised in that the free surface (11) is formed on the side of the first half-plane (14) facing the second half-plane (15).
3. The grate bar (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the free surface (11) adjoining the delimiting straight line (13) comprises a first flat section (11a) which lies in the first half-plane (14).
4. The grate bar (10) according to the preceding claim, characterised in that the free surface (11) adjoining the first flat section (11a) comprises a second flat section (11b) which is inclined at an angle α with respect to the first half-plane (14) in the direction of the second half-plane (15).
5. The grate bar (10) according to the preceding claim, characterised in that the angle α has a value between 15° and 40° and the first flat section (11a) comprises 30% to 70%, preferably 40% to 60% of the entire area of the free surface (11).
6. The grate bar (10) according to claim 4 or 5, characterised in that the free surface (11) adjoining the second flat section (11b) comprises a third flat section (11c) which is inclined at an angle β with respect to the first half-plane (14) in the direction of the second half-plane (15).
7. The grate bar (10) according to the preceding claim, characterised in that the first flat section (11a) comprises 15% to 50%, preferably 25% to 40% and the second flat section (11b) comprises 15% to 50%, preferably 25% to 40% of the entire area of the free surface (11).
8. The grate bar (10) according to claim 6 or 7, characterised in that the angle α has a value between 3° and 10° and the angle β has a value between 15° and 50°.
9. The grate bar (10) according to any one of claims 4 to 8, characterised in that at least one edge (16) formed by two of said flat sections (11a, 11b, 11c) has a rounding or a bevel.
10. The grate bar (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the free surface (11) comprises at least one convexly curved section (11d).
11. The grate bar (10) according to claim 10, characterised in that a said convexly curved section (11d) adjoins the delimiting straight line (13), wherein said convexly curved section (11d) comprises 30% to 70%, preferably 40% to 60%, of the entire area of the free surface (11).
12. The grate bar (10) according to claim 10, characterised in that a said convexly curved section (11d) adjoins the first flat section (11a) wherein the first flat section (11a) comprises 30% to 70%, preferably 40% to 60% of the entire area of the free surface (11).
13. The grate bar (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the setting surface (12) is configured as flat.
14. The grate bar (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the first half-plane (14) and the second half-plane (15) enclose an edge angle γ between 30° and 80°, preferably between 45° and 65°.
15. The grate bar (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that this is formed as an extruded profile bar.
16. The grate bar (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that this comprises a hollow profile.
17. A cleaning device for a spinning preparation machine (1), particularly for a blow room machine or carding machine, with an opener roller (2), characterised in that at least one grate bar (10) according to one of the preceding claims is associated with the opener roller (2).
18. The cleaning device according to the preceding claim, characterised in that at least one grate bar (10) is pivotally mounted about an axis (9) which runs parallel to the axis of rotation (8) of the opener roller (2).
19. The cleaning device according to the preceding claim, characterised in that the at least one grate bar (10) can be pivoted such that the angle δ of a tangential plane of the opener roller (2) running through the delimiting straight line (13) to the first half-plane (14) can have negative values.
20. The cleaning device according to the preceding claim, characterised in that the at least one grate bar (10) can be pivoted such that the angle δ can be adjusted at least in a range of -5° to +30°, preferably of -15° to +45°.
21. The cleaning device according to any one of the claims 17 to 20, characterised in that the axis (9) of the at least one grate bar (10) can be adjusted with regard to the distance from the opener roller (2).

Images