EP1866078A2 - Sorbierender formkörper, verfahren zur herstellung und verwendung - Google Patents
Sorbierender formkörper, verfahren zur herstellung und verwendungInfo
- Publication number
- EP1866078A2 EP1866078A2 EP06725081A EP06725081A EP1866078A2 EP 1866078 A2 EP1866078 A2 EP 1866078A2 EP 06725081 A EP06725081 A EP 06725081A EP 06725081 A EP06725081 A EP 06725081A EP 1866078 A2 EP1866078 A2 EP 1866078A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- binder
- sorbent
- molding
- heat
- granules
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 80
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical group [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009417 prefabrication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009997 thermal pre-treatment Methods 0.000 claims 2
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007725 thermal activation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 7
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 salt hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017090 AlO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004283 SiO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012216 bentonite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007385 chemical modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013341 scale-up Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28095—Shape or type of pores, voids, channels, ducts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/0203—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04
- B01J20/0274—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04 characterised by the type of anion
- B01J20/0292—Phosphates of compounds other than those provided for in B01J20/048
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
- B01J20/16—Alumino-silicates
- B01J20/18—Synthetic zeolitic molecular sieves
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/28023—Fibres or filaments
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/2803—Sorbents comprising a binder, e.g. for forming aggregated, agglomerated or granulated products
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/28033—Membrane, sheet, cloth, pad, lamellar or mat
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/28042—Shaped bodies; Monolithic structures
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28078—Pore diameter
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/047—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for absorption-type refrigeration systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B17/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type
- F25B17/08—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249955—Void-containing component partially impregnated with adjacent component
Definitions
- the invention relates to a sorbent molding, a process for the preparation and its use, comprising microporous or mesoporous adsorbents.
- This shaped body is used to store useful heat and useful cooling, wherein a vaporous working fluid expelled by supplying heat energy from the molding and optionally condensed and the working fluid, which was optionally previously evaporated, is sorbed in gaseous form.
- silicate heat storage media The state of the art in the field of silicate heat storage media is characterized by microporous and mesoporous sorbents, from which the water of crystallization can be removed by the action of heat without damaging the framework structures. Commonly used are silica gels and zeolites, which correspond to a modern state of application for heat storage.
- alumo-silicates are used as zeolites. These have anion skeletons, which are preferably subjected to a chemical modification (DE 44 33 120 Al).
- Common techniques for siliceous sorbents are impregnation of a matrix with activating components, such as by infiltration techniques to achieve cation exchange.
- magnesium-containing zeolite granules (DE 33 12 875 Al) are used.
- Hydrophilic salt hydrates which are subjected to reversible hydration, are incorporated into a matrix, which can be absorbed by temperature.
- zeolites In cyclical processes, such as in the loading of heat storage by desorption with the working water vapor and its discharge by adsorption on zeolites cycle numbers of 4,000 to 10,000 are often reached. The almost completely adsorbed water is released by zeolites, however, only when using process temperatures of 200 ° C to 450 ° C. Thus, the sorption capacity of zeolites are only partially used when using solar generated low temperature heat. Zeolite-like metallosilicates behave thermally similar and less effective.
- Metallophosphates The replacement of silicon by phosphorus ions leads to zeolite-like molecular sieves such as aluminophosphates (ALPO). Replacement of aluminum with silicon provides silicoalumophosphates (SAPO).
- AlO 4 tetrahedra are assembled with PO 4 tetrahedra.
- the metalloaluminophosphates (MeALPO) of composition 0-0.3R (Me x Al y P z ) O 2 are replaced by a variety of elements. All metallophosphates have in common that new structures with outstanding properties for the storage of water are formed.
- storage materials are selected whose pore diameters are advantageously 2 to 13 ⁇ .
- thermal stability is still present.
- Their hydrothermal stability up to temperatures of 600 ° C is very high.
- Flat sorption horseshoe curves occur during sorption.
- the sorption isotherms for water have an S-shaped course with a sudden increase within a very short pressure interval. Within this range is achieved by pressure reduction by a few mbar extensive desorption at normal temperature. In comparison with silica gel, 4 to 6 times the amount of water is stored.
- Metallophosphates are particularly preferable because of their favorable desorbability at low temperatures in solar heat storage devices. It is envisaged that storage systems and also sorption heat pumps based on the new sorbents due to a high temperature lift can be built considerably smaller.
- the total process time is limited by the exchanges for fabric and heat and is determined by the pore size of the sorbents themselves.
- An advantage of using molded articles is their packability between heat-conducting devices and the interchangeability of individual ones Components, especially for the purpose of interpretation and scale-up in modular heat accumulators. It also appears possible to limit the need for heat-conducting internals in heat accumulators by enlarging the molded body. So far, only so-called "zeolite shaped bodies" are an independent category within the outlined state of the art.
- Thermal energy loss introduced into the interior, transmitted to the interior of the heat transfer medium flowing through the interior and as possible not irreversibly released back to the environment eg, DE 34 18 005 Al, DE 36 43 668 Al, DE 44 37 950 Al, EP 0 091 095 A.
- an optimal ratio of heat transfer surfaces to the storage volume is set.
- the heat guidance in a longitudinal and in the transverse directions is designed so that forming material and temperature gradients quickly compensate each other. Nevertheless, it is disadvantageous that during the cyclic load change, a pronounced and non-ideal transition behavior is recorded in the dynamics of heat accumulators. Particularly in the case of an increase in scale in one of the geometrically provided main expansions, undesirable intermediate states occur in which the temperature deviation due to the impeded heat transfer is not predominantly stepwise and is smeared locally and temporally.
- the filler usually consist of a skeleton (DE 100 21 260 Al), on which there are boundary surfaces that are transparent to currents and at the same time touch each other at their edges. The surfaces are good heat-conducting, with the partially open body spatially not interfere.
- the deformability of the packing, as well as a MedMechhülle (DE 100 21 260 Al) ensures a dense packing of individual elements in the reaction chamber and the formation of a plurality of heat-transferring contact surfaces in the spatial dimensions of heat storage.
- Substance and energy exchange There are known sorbent moldings which are provided with fluid-permeable sheaths of ceramic or metallic materials for the purpose of good material or energy exchange over the walls delimiting them (EP 0 1 403 80 A).
- the adsorption of the vaporous working medium in silicate storage media can be carried out desirably at normal temperature, must be provided for the active components of the sorbent moldings as complete as possible desorption and a desired high degree of recovery of cyclic work ability at higher temperatures, usually of about 500 ° C.
- the considerable loading and thus temperature changes have a lasting effect on the long-term integratability of powders or granules in the porous molding.
- the moldings must have a high stability, because caused by heat exchange stresses internal defects occur. These must be collected in the interest of long service life of the moldings of the stabilized walls.
- the increase in heat or cold storage due to increase in sorption capacity and increase in energy storage density is also sought under improved mechanical properties of the moldings.
- the disadvantage still remains the poor heat conduction in particular larger moldings, since they insulator predominantly consist of mineral constituents.
- the invention is therefore based on the object, said structural mechanical and heat and fluidic disadvantages of the described solutions to be sorbed moldings to eliminate, for sorbents with improved efficiency and improved heat transfer is provided.
- the object is achieved by a shaped body having a metallic grid-like cage structure and an inner likewise net-like guide surface for the heat.
- the guide surface according to the invention is a means for better management of heat flows and to increase the stability and shape of the molding.
- the guide surface is formed of longitudinally extending and between edges spanned generating guidelines at least second order, which are bounded at the two transverse edges by second-order curves. These edges represent circular, elliptical or parabolic segments.
- the two borders of the cage structure are in each case in at least three upper points with the one limiting edge and in three lower points with the second delimiting edge of the guide surface in contact.
- the guide surface in the form of a spatially curved diagonal surface.
- the diagonal surface consists of two uniform parts, which are symmetrically mirrored around the central transverse axis in one of the transverse expansions.
- the guide surface is a minimum surface for the heat conduction in a cylindrical or rectangular body. Within the molded body, the guide surface is based in the contact points about resiliently on the cage structure and is optionally connected to the edges of this structure. With a low cost of materials optimally high heat conduction is adjusted within the molding and passed to the outer body of the molding limiting cage structure. Overall, a longitudinal stable and good heat conductive grid structure inside and outside of the molding.
- the cage structure may consist of a knitted fabric, mesh, knitted fabric, fleece or scrim, which is preferably lattice-like or net-like and metallic.
- the structure is at least single-layered, but can also be executed in several layers, such as by winding.
- the heat transfer tubes can be conventional pipes, but also specially designed pipes that allow improved flow and heat management within the heat accumulator.
- the tubes may be called bellows, the interior of which produce a highly turbulent flow with the working fluid and thus allow improved heat transfer through the tube walls.
- sintered tubes which have wall roughness inside.
- the molded body can be fitted in Lammelienieri structures that connect analogous to heating systems with each other fluidically related pipes. For example, pipes arranged in parallel or meandering can be connected to one another via registers for the inlet and outlet of the heat carrier.
- the highly active sorbent in the form of agglomerated crystals or pelleted granules, which are bound together by a binder in the form of a random cluster.
- the geometric limitations of the shaped body may be barrel-shaped, cylindrical, prismatic or polyhedral.
- the cage structure with the guide surface and with the powders or granules contained in the interior are limited deformable at least in the process of their preparation. These therefore preferably satisfy the conditions of a quadrangular or triangular pitch arrangement of the internal heat-conducting devices on floor mirrors of heat accumulators. They nestle in shape so at least in individual contact points to the peripheries of heat transfer tubes.
- the flow of the working fluid takes place in cavities, preferably in the form of pocket or gusset spaces or on the tolerance column, which are formed between the moldings and the heat transfer tubes.
- the mass transfer of the molding takes place so primarily on its front and side surfaces, the heat exchange via the cage structure connected to the guide surface with the adjacent heat transfer tubes. Due to the high affinity of the sorbent for the working medium vapor and thus the high driving forces of the sorption always sufficient free cross-sections for the flow through all cavities are set with the working fluid.
- the outer geometric dimensions of the molding exceed the size of the granules to a considerable extent. It is set as a high volume density and a high degree of space utilization for the sorbents in the heat storage.
- the mesh sizes of the cage structure are smaller than the major dimensions of the granulated sorbent particles.
- the mesh size of the cage is only set to a minimum necessary level for the purpose of passing the working medium vapor.
- the mesh size of the guide surface exceeds the size dimension of powders and can also exceed the size of granules and should allow an unobstructed flow through the molding in the preferred direction. It is expedient to provide the Sorbensinnere with separate flow guides.
- the lattice cage of the molding is prefabricated by rolling a flat and preferably metallic network or from another wire-shaped edged mold carrier.
- the network of the mold carrier may also be a knitted fabric, mesh or knit or else a scrim or nonwoven. Appropriately, it is a cut net-like stocking material.
- the guide surface introduced into the mold carrier is licked, stapled, needled or simply opened at the borders of the cage.
- Particles used and to be incorporated in the moldings are aluminosilicate powders or preformed sorbent granules, in a spherical, cylindrical, cylindrical or deviating prismatic geometry, and are preferably ALPO, SAPO and MeAPO.
- the prefabrication of the molding is carried out by the mineral powders and / or the preformed granules are premixed with liquid low-viscosity binders or from its moderately viscous or pasty components and the mixture is filled into the cage with the guide surface.
- the flowable viscous binder initially penetrates the total gap volume.
- the binder should preferably be enriched in the edge zones of the shaped body in order to ensure access of the working medium via micropores and mesopores with only slight inhibitions for the diffusion.
- the filling can be effected by impressions by means of a punch or piston movement of one or expediently from both of the transversely extended boundary surfaces of the shaped body.
- binders are usually prepolymers of alkali-containing silicates such as water glass or organosilicon viscose Anteigstoff, such as silicones.
- binders used are phenol-formaldehyde resins, polyvinyl resins and polyacrylates with little desired internal bond strength for the sorbents.
- Polyurethanes and latexes also only moderately increase the strength within the molding.
- Cellulose derivatives as matrix formers for powders and granules are only temporarily remaining binders during the process of preconsolidation in the molding and can be partially removed by dissolution.
- a chemical treatment of the binder may be caused by the fact that during the partial removal of the binder additional adhesion-promoting and solidifying, but liquid chemically reactive substances are introduced into the components of the molding.
- additional adhesion-promoting and solidifying this can be done by acids or bases which accelerate polymerization and condensation of the silicate functional groups present.
- silicate and solidifiable binders this can be accomplished by adding liquid reactive components to form prepolymers.
- the binder is localized and preferably used in higher proportions where it is essential for maintaining the structural stability of the molding and thus its structure-forming effect. Due to higher temperature resistance, conventional inorganic binders are preferably used in these boundaries, such as alumina hydrate, clays and silica gel. Likewise, embeddings in matrices of silica or alumina hydrate, but also in bentonites and special clays, such as metakaolinite. Carbonation is also possible with the particles of binding and originally water-soluble pitch acids.
- Liquid binders are introduced into the wall boundaries by means of infiltration, pasty optionally by overpressure and under application of a pressure pad within a press room to one or both of the transverse boundary surfaces.
- the binder is enriched in a relatively thin surface layer and penetrates especially in the use of granules in areas with higher interfacial forces and thus adhesive forces. It preferably adheres to the contact points of crystals and granules and fills only limited the interiors of the molding and the necessary for the mass transfer voids between the solid constituents.
- Moderately pasty binders are already applied during prefabrication to the lattice structure of the molding and pressed under pressure into the outer surfaces.
- the molded article is preconsolidated by pressing the mesh cage together with the sorbent and with heating.
- the standing under heat, at least bivalve cheek plates also heat the lattice cage of the molding, wherein on the guide surface at the same time a very good heat input in the interior under intense heat balance for the purpose of drying the binder. It is also possible to additionally apply the grid structure together with the binder on the molding and to press. It is followed by a post-drying at elevated
- the features of the invention will become apparent from the claims also from the description, wherein the individual features each represent alone or to several advantageous combinations in the form of combinations executions for which protection is sought with this document.
- the essence of the invention consists of a combination of known (shaped bodies of powders and / or granules, binders, etc.) and new elements (the production of moldings by means of a cage and a guide surface), which influence each other and in their new overall effect, a utility advantage and the desired success result, which is that even higher space-time yields in the storage of useful heat and useful cold as described in the prior art, can be achieved.
- the advantages of the sorbent molding according to the invention thus consist in an optimally possible interaction of thermal conduction and the reaction engineering effect of aluminophosphates, silicoaluminophosphates or metalloalumosilicates as well as in their fluidic effect in the material and heat exchange with the aim of high space - time yields in the Storage of useful heat and useful refrigeration to achieve.
- the increased by the introduction of the guide surface manufacturing cost is thereby relativized or compensated that large dimensions of the molding are provided.
- the process is not limited to the production of sorbent moldings.
- There may be other, for. B. non-adsorbent granules containing moldings are prepared in the same or similar procedure by infiltration within a lattice structure. It form a total of sintered-like shaped bodies of coarse-disperse granules, which are characterized by a low binder content and a high void volume, the walls are reinforced by higher proportions of solidified binder.
- Fig. 1 The sorbent molded body with cage and guide surface in an exploded view Fig. 2 (a) to Fig. 2 (d): Embodiments of various molded bodies with flow channels in oblique views of the guide surface
- FIG. 3 A heat transfer tube with adjacent shaped body in a schematic representation
- FIG. 4 (a) and 4 (b) show embodiments of the cage grid structure in quadrilateral and FIG.
- example 1 The prior art of a sorbent cylindrical shaped body 1 according to FIG. 1 is characterized in that in the cage 2 and between powders or granules of the sorbent 7 with possible additionally introduced thermally conductive solids at least one guide surface 3 is missing and still a uniform distribution of the binder consists. In this case, before or during the hardening process of the binder, intermediate spaces can also be formed which are penetrated by the vaporous working medium. According to the prior art, these gaps are still unfavorably present in a small proportion and extent and form only reduced transport routes, so that the possible Wegströmbare gap volume remains limited as a result of a high binder content. The heat balance with a metallic and transparent sheath is still insufficient.
- Figure 1 With reference to Figure 1 according to the invention consists of the molded body 1 of the cage 2 and the transparent guide surface 3.
- the ridge 4 and the ridge 4 'and the sole 5 are on the one hand with a lower part of the boundary 6 of the one of the transverse boundary surfaces Burr 4 and the ridge 4 'connected to the vertex 5' with an upper part of the other of the transverse boundary surfaces 6 'on the cage 2 of the molding 1.
- the molded body 1 fits over the tolerance gap 22 to four heat carrier tubes 20 (FIG. 4 a) or 3 heat carrier tubes 20 (FIG. 4 b).
- FIG. 3 exceeds the wall temperature of a heat transfer tube 20 above the bottom 21 at heat supply even under steady-state conditions that which was determined without the guide surface 3 (LF) and without filling with the sorbent 7.
- the sorbent used is an aluminosilicate having a pore volume of 0.3-0.4 cmVg and a mean pore diameter of 7.4 ⁇ in a shaped body having the main dimensions of 300 mm ⁇ 400 mm. After the starting time of the thermal compensation of 20 s, the wall temperature exceeds that of a shaped body according to the prior art by 1.5 times.
- a shaped body according to Example 2 are as sorbent an aluminosilicate in the form of hollow cylinders with dimensions of 6/3 or 7/4 mm an original bulk density of 400 - 550 kg / m 3 and a specific surface area greater than 700 m 3 / kg.
- the increase in the relative mass of the binder water glass at a relative radius is a maximum of 8%, their share at a relative radius of 0.1 not more than 2%.
- Precursors of the relative resistance coefficients and the relative void volume show, depending on the average cross-sectional relative velocity of the vaporous working medium with an increase of this speed by 100%, a reduction of the relative resistance coefficient by a maximum of 6% and a Increase of the relative gap volume by a maximum of 9%.
- a modified according to Figure 4 and used according to Example 3 molded body 1 contains in the sorbent 7 to both mutually mirrored sides of the guide surface 3 on the one hand a flow channel 10 and on the other hand, a flow channel 10 '.
- the flow channels 10 and 10 ' are in the shape of a cylinder. In the material and heat balance, after a process time of 144 s to 90%, an equilibrium setting for the working medium water vapor and the set temperature stroke is achieved.
- a shaped body according to FIG. 4 (b) has between the flow channels 10; 10 'a passage 11 for the working fluid. According to Example 4 and after a process time of 5 160 s, a 90% equilibrium for the working medium water vapor and the temperature stroke is achieved.
- a shaped body 1 according to FIG. 4 (c) has flow channels 10; 10 'two opposite conical indentations.
- the equilibrium settings of Examples 2 and 4 are reached after 118 seconds.
- a molded body 1 according to Fig. 4 (d) has three channels, each of the flow channels 10; 10 'with the passage 11 exist. Settings of the water vapor and temperature equilibria corresponding to the above examples are achieved after 120 s, comparable to example 5.
- FIG. 5 are located on a bottom 21 of a heat storage between the heat transfer tubes 20 a plurality of moldings 1 and 1 'in each case a cage 2 and 2' and 2 5 arranged in a square pitch [Fig. 5 (a)] or in a triangular division [Fig. 5 (b)] of
- Example 9 According to Table 1, as measured data, the working capacities (loading cycles as differences in sorption capacity) at comparable sorption temperatures for adsorption and desorption for a conventional sorbent and two sorbents used here are compared. Given the reversibility of both processes, the work capacities of the SAPO and AL PO are increased by a factor of 4 to 6, respectively. As with reference to Example 10, Tab. 2, the storage density of a heat accumulator increases under otherwise comparable apparatus configuration by 30 to 40%.
- Shaped body 6 Border r Shaped body 6 'boundary
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE200510000022 DE102005000022A1 (de) | 2005-03-16 | 2005-03-16 | Sorbierender Formkörper, Verfahren zur Herstellung und Verwendung |
PCT/EP2006/060763 WO2006097493A2 (de) | 2005-03-16 | 2006-03-15 | Sorbierender formkörper, verfahren zur herstellung und verwendung |
Publications (1)
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EP1866078A2 true EP1866078A2 (de) | 2007-12-19 |
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EP06725081A Withdrawn EP1866078A2 (de) | 2005-03-16 | 2006-03-15 | Sorbierender formkörper, verfahren zur herstellung und verwendung |
Country Status (4)
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US (1) | US8012246B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1866078A2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102005000022A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2006097493A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (10)
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CN100455350C (zh) * | 2007-01-10 | 2009-01-28 | 南京大学 | 一种引入表面功能基团来强化吸附树脂再生性能的方法 |
DE202007016166U1 (de) | 2007-11-16 | 2008-07-10 | Hellwig, Udo, Prof. Dr. | Verbundkörper |
DE102008050926A1 (de) * | 2008-10-10 | 2010-04-15 | Nanoscape Ag | Adsorberelement und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Adsorberelements |
DE102010055677B4 (de) * | 2010-12-22 | 2018-09-20 | Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) Gmbh | Wärmetauscher-Modul mit Wärmemanagement mit einem Titano-Silico-Alumo-Phosphat als Adsorptionsmittel und dessen Verwendung |
KR101203258B1 (ko) * | 2011-07-05 | 2012-11-21 | 한국화학연구원 | BaX형 제올라이트 성형체 및 그의 제조방법 |
DE102011079586A1 (de) | 2011-07-21 | 2013-01-24 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Modul für eine Wärmepumpe |
DE102011079581A1 (de) * | 2011-07-21 | 2013-01-24 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Adsorberstruktur und Modul für eine Wärmepumpe |
DE102012005359B4 (de) * | 2012-03-13 | 2021-01-21 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Wärmespeicherelement |
CN110723733B (zh) * | 2018-07-16 | 2021-11-02 | 深圳市环球绿地新材料有限公司 | 一种超容炭及其制备方法和用途 |
CN115507691B (zh) * | 2022-10-08 | 2024-09-24 | 北京建筑大学 | 增压型三相蓄能装置及其控制方法 |
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DE3312875A1 (de) | 1983-04-11 | 1984-11-22 | Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Verfahren zum betrieb einer anlage zur erzeugung von nutzwaerme und/oder nutzkaelte und anlage zur durchfuehrung dieses verfahrens |
DE3339642C2 (de) | 1983-10-31 | 1987-01-08 | Fritz Dipl.-Ing. Kaubek | Trocknungselemente und Verfahren zu deren Verwendung |
DE3418005A1 (de) | 1984-05-15 | 1985-11-21 | Sri International, Menlo Park, Calif. | Solar-kollektor |
DE3643668A1 (de) | 1986-11-12 | 1988-05-26 | Karl Heinz Vahlbrauk | Vorrichtung zum speichern und/oder uebertragen von waerme |
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WO2006005275A1 (de) * | 2004-07-09 | 2006-01-19 | Fuesting, Bernd | Formkörper aus pulvern oder granalien, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und ihre verwendung |
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2005
- 2005-03-16 DE DE200510000022 patent/DE102005000022A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2006
- 2006-03-15 US US11/886,212 patent/US8012246B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-03-15 EP EP06725081A patent/EP1866078A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-03-15 WO PCT/EP2006/060763 patent/WO2006097493A2/de active Application Filing
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WO2006097493A3 (de) | 2007-05-10 |
DE102005000022A1 (de) | 2006-09-28 |
US20080274345A1 (en) | 2008-11-06 |
WO2006097493A2 (de) | 2006-09-21 |
US8012246B2 (en) | 2011-09-06 |
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