EP1861585B1 - Heat accumulation segment - Google Patents
Heat accumulation segment Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1861585B1 EP1861585B1 EP06725192A EP06725192A EP1861585B1 EP 1861585 B1 EP1861585 B1 EP 1861585B1 EP 06725192 A EP06725192 A EP 06725192A EP 06725192 A EP06725192 A EP 06725192A EP 1861585 B1 EP1861585 B1 EP 1861585B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- joining
- contoured
- radially
- axially
- heat shield
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Not-in-force
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- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000254 damaging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
- F01D11/08—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator
- F01D11/14—Adjusting or regulating tip-clearance, i.e. distance between rotor-blade tips and stator casing
- F01D11/20—Actively adjusting tip-clearance
- F01D11/24—Actively adjusting tip-clearance by selectively cooling-heating stator or rotor components
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2230/00—Manufacture
- F05D2230/60—Assembly methods
- F05D2230/64—Assembly methods using positioning or alignment devices for aligning or centring, e.g. pins
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2230/00—Manufacture
- F05D2230/60—Assembly methods
- F05D2230/64—Assembly methods using positioning or alignment devices for aligning or centring, e.g. pins
- F05D2230/642—Assembly methods using positioning or alignment devices for aligning or centring, e.g. pins using maintaining alignment while permitting differential dilatation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2230/00—Manufacture
- F05D2230/60—Assembly methods
- F05D2230/64—Assembly methods using positioning or alignment devices for aligning or centring, e.g. pins
- F05D2230/644—Assembly methods using positioning or alignment devices for aligning or centring, e.g. pins for adjusting the position or the alignment, e.g. wedges or eccenters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2240/00—Components
- F05D2240/10—Stators
- F05D2240/11—Shroud seal segments
Definitions
- the invention relates to a heat spreader for local limitation of a flow channel within a flow rotating machine, in particular a gas turbine plant, opposite to a radially surrounding the flow channel stator housing, with two axially opposite joining contours, which are respectively engageable with two along the flow channel axially adjacent components.
- Heat accumulation segments of the type described above are part of axial flow-through turbomachines through which flow for compression or targeted expansion gaseous working media and due to their high process temperatures, the thermally heavily loaded with the hot working fluids system components.
- axially successively arranged blades and vanes are directly exposed to the resulting combustion gases in the combustion gases.
- heat accumulation segments which are provided on the stator side between two guide vanes arranged axially adjacent to one another, ensure a gas-tight bridge-like seal between the two axially adjacent one another arranged guide blade rows.
- Correspondingly designed heat accumulation segments can also be used along the rotor unit. These are each to be mounted on the rotor side between two axially adjacent rows of blades in order to protect rotor-internal areas from excessive heat input.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a partial longitudinal section through a gas turbine stage, in which a flow channel K is bounded radially inwardly by a rotor unit 1 and radially outward by a stator unit 2. Rotationally fixed to the rotor unit 1, blades 3 protrude radially in the flow channel K, which is flowed through axially in the rest of hot gases with the direction of arrow oriented flow direction.
- the flow channel K is bounded by stator vanes 4 attached to the stator, whose guide vanes 41 protrude radially into the flow channel K from the outside.
- the guide vanes 4 have for the gas-tight separation of the flow channel K relative to the stator-mounted components on a platform 42 which covers both the axial region immediately around the vane blade 41 as a one-piece component in the form of a balcony-like overhang 42 ', the area between two rows of vanes spans and radially opposite the blade tips.
- the guide vanes 4 are arranged in the circumferential direction of the gas turbine in each row of guide blades, it is true that within a row of guide vanes in the circumferential direction immediately adjacent arranged vanes 4 along their axial side edges 5 to connect gas-tight with each other. This purpose is served over the entire extent of the side edge 5 extending belt seal 6, which opens on both sides in corresponding grooves along the side edges of two adjacent vanes.
- the band seal 6 ensures, in particular, that the platform 42 cooling air supplied to the stator can not escape into the flow channel K and is thus available through corresponding cooling channels within the guide vane for effective cooling of all the vane areas exposed to the hot gases.
- the guide vane 4 is joined in each case via two collar-like joint contours 8, 9 in engagement with corresponding recesses 10, 11 within the support structure 7 removable joint connection between a stator 4 and a supporting stator supporting structure.
- the individual guide vanes 4 can be removed or inserted in the circumferential direction from or into the groove-shaped recesses 10, 11.
- the object of the invention is to effectively counteract the above-described wear phenomena due to mechanical vibrations on the band seals provided between two guide vanes. It should be ensured that the maintenance intervals required to inspect these seals are considerably extended. Consequently, the assembly and disassembly effort, which is required for the inspection and, where appropriate, for the replacement of appropriate sealing materials, should be significantly reduced. In particular, it should not be necessary for the removal of individual guide vanes from the composite of a row of guide vanes to dismantle the entire number of vanes or at least segment regions of the number of vanes.
- the idea underlying the invention is fundamentally based on a separation of the guide vane platform 42 and the balcony-like platform section 42 ', which according to image representation in FIG. 2 are integrally formed. It is proposed that between two rows of blades axially extending portion separated by means of a separate, bridge-like heat dam segment, ie between each two axially adjacent vanes extends a heat shield segment and adjacent on both sides as possible gas-tight on the vanes. Corresponding to the number of vanes within a row of vanes, correspondingly many heat accumulation segments are provided in the circumferential direction, which accordingly form a series of heat stacks, along the axial extent of which the blades of a blade row circulate radially inward.
- Such a heat dissipation segment which basically serves for the local separation of a flow channel within a flow rotating machine, in particular a gas turbine plant, with respect to a stator housing radially surrounding the flow channel, with two axially opposite joining contours, each in engagement with two axially adjacent components along the flow channel, in particular two Guide vanes, can be brought, according to the solution is designed such that a first of the two joining contours has a radially oriented recess with a conically shaped contour surface, to the radially a fastening pin with a conical outer contour from the side of a force adjacent to the first joining contour adjacent component is force applied. Furthermore, the first joining contour has a collar portion with a radially upper and lower collar surface, which is available in a counter-contoured receiving contour within the axially adjacent component by a joining force acting between the mounting pin and the conically shaped contour surface.
- the heat recovery segment according to the invention is releasably fixedly connected to a guide vane arranged axially adjacent only over a single joining region.
- the second joining region of the heat recovery segment which is axially opposite this joining region is loosely pressed against a radially oriented joining surface on a stator-supporting structure. If it is necessary to remove the heat release segment, the guide vane, which is in contact with the heat discharge segment via the loose press connection, can be separated by mere axial removal.
- the heat spreader segment can be easily separated from the other vane by loosening the joint by removing the respective vane in the circumferential direction from the stator supporting structure carrying the vane, whereby the joint connection to the heat spreader is automatically released. Since that is according to the solution according to the invention design features with respect to the joint structure, the solution according to the invention heat recovery segment will be described below with reference to a preferred embodiment.
- FIG. 1 shows a partial longitudinal sectional view through the stator-side suspension of a stator blade 4 and a heat shield segment 12 formed separately from the guide blade 4.
- FIG. 2 shows guide vane 4 and the axially adjacent thereto heat accumulation segment 12 the flow channel K relative to the stator arranged components 2 to separate gas-tight.
- a band-shaped sealing means 6, 14 which is respectively engaged with a circumferentially adjacent arranged heat spreader and a guide vane and in this way for a gas-tight seal between the flow channel K and the stator side arranged components 2 provides.
- the guide vane 4 is likewise supplied with cooling air, which is supplied to it via the cooling channel 16.
- the cooling air supplied in this area also has to be sealed off from the flow channel K, which is ensured by the band seal 6.
- the band seals 6 and 14 of the separately executed guide vane and heat shield segment 12 only half the length, whereby the wear due to the vibration occurring unchanged due to material abrasion occur significantly less in appearance. This makes it possible to extend the maintenance and possibly replacement intervals for the band seal significantly.
- the thermal damper segment 12 formed in accordance with the invention has two axially opposite joining contours 17, 18, of which the joining contour 18 is pressed against a surface region 20 of the stator-side support structure 7 only by force, via a radially oriented joining surface 19.
- a groove-shaped recess is provided within the radially oriented joining surface 19, within which a sealing means 21 is introduced.
- the second joining region 18 adjoins an axially adjacent guide blade 4 'via a further axial joining face 22, which, when appropriately assembled or disassembled, passes through Exclusive axial approach or removal (see arrow representations according to G and D) can be mounted or dismounted on the heat spreader segment 12.
- the joining region 18 axially opposite the first joining region 17 is provided, which in the illustration according to FIG. 1a is inscribed by a circle A, and according to the image representation in FIG. 1b is shown enlarged. The further comments thus refer to both FIGS. 1a and 1b ,
- the joining region 17 of the heat spreader segment 12 has a collar section 23, which provides a radially upper and radially lower collar surface 24, 25.
- the collar portion 23 protrudes axially into a corresponding counter-contoured receiving contour 26 within the axially adjacent guide vane 4.
- the joining between the collar portion 23 and the receiving contour 26, which is more precisely provided in the foot region of the guide vane 4, takes place precisely, so that the joint at least in Radial direction has no clearance or tolerance. This is necessary in particular for a gas-tight and force-loaded pressing of the joining contour 18 against the support structure 7 in the surface region 20.
- the joining contour 17 has a radially oriented recess 27, which has a conically shaped contour surface 28.
- the radially oriented recess 27 is formed as a half-mold, wherein the conically shaped contour surface 28 axially facing the collar portion 23 is attached.
- the joining region 17 is also covered radially on the outside by an overhanging region 29 of the guide blade 4, with which the guide blade 4 is fastened in a stator-side support structure 7.
- an opening 30 is provided, in which a mounting pin 31, a spring element 32 and a helically shaped support member 33 in the in the detailed representation FIG. 1b are provided shown arrangement.
- the mounting pin 31 has a conical outer contour 34 which, by radially lowering the mounting pin 31 in engagement with the conically shaped Contour surface 28 of the first joining contour 17 occurs.
- Radially outwardly lying, the mounting pin 31 has a cylindrically shaped portion 35 which abuts the radial guide within the opening 30 of the overhanging region 29.
- the tolerance-free joints of the upper and lower collar surfaces 24, 25 within the counter-contoured receiving contour 26 ensures a force-loaded seal in the region of the second joining region 18, as already described above. Even a reassembly of the vane 4 'is not hindered by the presence of the heat spreader segment 12. Rather, it is possible to bring the guide vane 4 'by axial approach according to the motion vector G with the second joining region 18 in contact.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
- Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
- Central Heating Systems (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Wärmestausegment zur lokalen Begrenzung eines Strömungskanals innerhalb einer Strömungsrotationsmaschine, insbesondere einer Gasturbinenanlage, gegenüber eines den Strömungskanal radial umgebenden Statorgehäuses, mit zwei axial gegenüberliegenden Fügekonturen, die jeweils in Eingriff mit zwei längs des Strömungskanals axial benachbarten Komponenten bringbar sind.The invention relates to a heat spreader for local limitation of a flow channel within a flow rotating machine, in particular a gas turbine plant, opposite to a radially surrounding the flow channel stator housing, with two axially opposite joining contours, which are respectively engageable with two along the flow channel axially adjacent components.
Wärmestausegmente der vorstehend bezeichneten Gattung sind Teil axial durchströmter Strömungsmaschinen, durch die zur Kompression oder gezielten Expansion gasförmige Arbeitsmedien hindurchströmen und aufgrund ihrer hohen Prozesstemperaturen die mit dem heissen Arbeitsmedien unmittelbar beaufschlagten Anlagenkomponenten thermisch stark belasten. Insbesondere in den Turbinenstufen von Gasturbinenanlagen werden die in Lauf- und Leitschaufelreihen axial hintereinander angeordnete Lauf- und Leitschaufeln mit den in der Brennkammer entstehenden Verbrennungsgasen unmittelbar beaufschlagt. Um zu verhindern, dass die den Strömungskanal durchströmenden Heissgase auch zum Strömungskanal abgewandt gelegene Bereiche innerhalb der Strömungsrotationsmaschine erfassen, sorgen so genannte Wärmestausegmente, die statorseitig zwischen jeweils zwei axial benachbart zueinander angeordneten Leitschaufelreihen vorgesehen sind, für eine möglichst Gas dichte brückenartige Abdichtung zwischen beiden axial benachbart angeordnete Leitschaufelreihen.Heat accumulation segments of the type described above are part of axial flow-through turbomachines through which flow for compression or targeted expansion gaseous working media and due to their high process temperatures, the thermally heavily loaded with the hot working fluids system components. In particular, in the turbine stages of gas turbine plants in running and Leitschaufelreihen axially successively arranged blades and vanes are directly exposed to the resulting combustion gases in the combustion gases. In order to prevent the hot gases flowing through the flow channel also detect areas facing away from the flow channel within the flow rotating machine, so-called heat accumulation segments, which are provided on the stator side between two guide vanes arranged axially adjacent to one another, ensure a gas-tight bridge-like seal between the two axially adjacent one another arranged guide blade rows.
Entsprechend konzipierte Wärmestausegmente können auch längs der Rotoreinheit eingesetzt werden. Diese sind jeweils zwischen zwei axial benachbarten Laufschaufelreihen rotorseitig anzubringen, um Rotorinterner Bereiche vor einem zu hohen Wärmeeintrag zu bewahren.Correspondingly designed heat accumulation segments can also be used along the rotor unit. These are each to be mounted on the rotor side between two axially adjacent rows of blades in order to protect rotor-internal areas from excessive heat input.
Gleichwohl sich die nachstehenden Ausführungen ausschliesslich auf Wärmestausegmente beziehen, die zwischen zwei Leitschaufelreihen angeordnet werden und insofern das statorseitige Gehäuse und die damit verbundenen Komponenten gegenüber dem hitzebelasteten Strömungskanal abzutrennen und entsprechend zu schützen vermögen, ist es ebenso denkbar, die nachfolgenden Massnahmen auch an einem Wärmestausegment vorzusehen, das dem Schutz von mitrotierenden Rotorkomponenten dient und zwischen zwei axial benachbart zueinander angeordneten Laufschaufelreihen einzubringen ist.Although the following statements relate exclusively to heat accumulation segments, which are arranged between two rows of vanes and thus the stator housing and the components associated with the heat-contaminated flow channel separate and able to protect accordingly, it is also conceivable to provide the subsequent measures on a heat dissipation segment , which serves to protect co-rotating rotor components and is to be introduced between two rows of blades arranged axially adjacent to one another.
Eine an sich bekannte Leitschaufelanordnung mit integriertem Wärmestausegment ist der Teillängsschnittdarstellung gemäss
Radial von aussen wird der Strömungskanal K von statorseitig angebrachten Leitschaufeln 4 begrenzt, deren Leitschaufelblätter 41 radial von aussen in den Strömungskanal K ragen. Die Leitschaufeln 4 weisen zur gasdichten Abtrennung des Strömungskanals K gegenüber den statorseitig angebrachten Komponenten eine Plattform 42 auf, die als einstückiges Bauteil sowohl den axialen Bereich unmittelbar um das Leitschaufelblatt 41 als in Form eines balkonartigen Überhanges 42' den Bereich überdeckt, der sich zwischen zwei Leitschaufelreihen aufspannt und jeweils den Laufschaufelspitzen radial gegenüberliegt.Radially from the outside, the flow channel K is bounded by
Da die Leitschaufeln 4 in Umfangsrichtung der Gasturbine jeweils in Leitschaufelreihen angeordnet sind, gilt es die innerhalb einer Leitschaufelreihe in Umfangsrichtung jeweils unmittelbar benachbart angeordneten Leitschaufeln 4 längs ihrer axialen Seitenkanten 5 gasdicht miteinander zu verbinden. Hierzu dient eine sich über die gesamte Erstreckung der Seitenkante 5 verlaufende Banddichtung 6, die beidseitig in entsprechende Nuten längs der Seitenkanten zweier benachbarter Leitschaufeln einmündet. Die Banddichtung 6 sorgt insbesondere dafür, dass der Plattform 42 statorseitig zugeführte Kühlluft nicht in den Strömungskanal K entweichen kann und somit durch entsprechende Kühlkanäle innerhalb der Leitschaufel zur effektiven Kühlung aller den Heissgasen exponierten Leitschaufelbereichen zur Verfügung steht.Since the
Der alltägliche Betrieb von Gasturbinenanlagen zeigt jedoch, dass sämtliche Komponenten der Gasturbinenstufe neben thermischen Belastungen auch mechanischen Vibrationen ausgesetzt sind, wodurch beispielsweise auch die Leitschaufeln 4 radial und axial gerichtete kleinste Bewegungen und Erschütterungen erfahren, durch die nicht zuletzt auch die zwischen den Leitschaufeln eingebrachten Banddichtungen geschwächt werden. So entstehen im Wege mechanischer Schwingungsbelastungen innerhalb der Banddichtungen Risse und Brüche, wodurch die Dichtungen regelrecht zu zerbröckeln beginnen. Im Falle einer derartigen Dichtungsschädigung können erhebliche Leckageverluste zwischen den einzelnen Leitschaufelsegmenten auftreten, so dass die zum sicheren Betrieb erforderliche Kühlung der einzelnen Leitschaufeln nicht in einem ausreichenden Masse garantiert werden kann.The everyday operation of gas turbine plants, however, shows that all components of the gas turbine stage are exposed to thermal stresses and mechanical vibrations, which, for example, the
Um hierfür Sorge zu tragen gilt es regelmässig Wartungs- und Inspektionsarbeiten an den Leitschaufeln und an den in diesem Bereich vorgesehenen Dichtungsmitteln durchzuführen. Diese Arbeiten setzten jedoch eine vollständige Demontage kompletter Leitschaufelreihen voraus, um letztlich zwischen zwei benachbart innerhalb einer Leitschaufelreihe angeordnete Leitschaufeln vorgesehene Banddichtungen zu ersetzen.To ensure this, regular maintenance and inspection work is required on the guide vanes and on the sealants provided in this area. However, this work has required complete disassembly of entire rows of vanes to ultimately replace tape seals provided between two vanes disposed adjacent within a row of vanes.
Aus der in der Längsschnittdarstellung gemäss
Aus der offenlegumgsschrift
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die vorstehend beschriebene im Wege mechanischer Vibrationen sich einstellenden Abnutzungserscheinungen an den zwischen zwei Leitschaufeln vorgesehenen Banddichtungen wirkungsvoll entgegen zu treten. Es soll erreicht werden, dass die Wartungsintervalle, die zur Inspektion dieser Dichtungen erforderlich sind, erheblich verlängert werden. Mithin soll der Montage- sowie Demontageaufwand, der für die Inspektion und gegebenenfalls für den Austausch entsprechender Dichtungsmaterialien erforderlich ist, deutlich reduziert werden. Insbesondere soll es für die Entnahme einzelner Leitschaufeln aus dem Verbund einer Leitschaufelreihe nicht erforderlich sein, die gesamte Leitschaufelreihe oder wenigstens Segmentbereiche der Leitschaufelreihe zu demontieren.The object of the invention is to effectively counteract the above-described wear phenomena due to mechanical vibrations on the band seals provided between two guide vanes. It should be ensured that the maintenance intervals required to inspect these seals are considerably extended. Consequently, the assembly and disassembly effort, which is required for the inspection and, where appropriate, for the replacement of appropriate sealing materials, should be significantly reduced. In particular, it should not be necessary for the removal of individual guide vanes from the composite of a row of guide vanes to dismantle the entire number of vanes or at least segment regions of the number of vanes.
Die Lösung der der Erfindung zugrunde liegenden Aufgabe ist im Anspruch 1 angegeben. Den Erfindungsgedanken vorteilhaft weiterbildende Merkmale sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche sowie der weiteren Beschreibung insbesondere unter Bezugnahme auf das Ausführungsbeispiel zu entnehmen.The solution of the problem underlying the invention is specified in
Die der Erfindung zugrunde liegende Idee geht grundsätzlich von einer Separierung der Leitschaufelplattform 42 und dem balkonartig ausgebildeten Plattformabschnitt 42' aus, die gemäß Bilddarstellung in
Die Ausbildung eines derartigen Wärmestausegmentes als separates Bauteil gegenüber der Leitschaufel verhilft die schädigenden Auswirkungen der betriebsbedingten radialen und axialen Erschütterungen auf die bandförmigen Dichtmittel, die zwischen jeweils in Umfangsrichtung benachbarten Leitschaufeln eingebracht sind, merklich zu reduzieren, zumal die axiale Erstreckung der jeweiligen Banddichtung halbiert ist und separat längs der Seitenkante der Leitschaufelplattform sowie der des Wärmestausegmentes verläuft .The formation of such a heat shield segment as a separate component relative to the vane helps to reduce the damaging effects of operational radial and axial shocks on the band-shaped sealing means, which are introduced between each circumferentially adjacent vanes, noticeably reduced, especially since the axial extent of the respective band seal is halved and runs separately along the side edge of the vane platform and the heat recovery segment.
Zudem gilt es, das als separates Bauteil ausgeführte Wärmestausegment derart zwischen zwei axial benachbarte Leitschaufeln derart einzufügen, so dass eine Entnahme einzelner Leitschaufeln aus dem Verbund einer Leitschaufelreihe einzeln, d.h. ohne die Notwendigkeit der Demontage einer vollständigen Leitschaufelreihe möglich wird.In addition, it is necessary to insert the heat discharge segment designed as a separate component between two axially adjacent guide vanes in such a way that removal of individual guide vanes from the assembly of a guide vane row individually, i. without the need to dismantle a complete row of vanes is possible.
Ein derartiges Wärmestausegment, das grundsätzlich zum lokalen Abtrennen eines Strömungskanals innerhalb einer Strömungsrotationsmaschine, insbesondere einer Gasturbinenanlage, gegenüber eines den Strömungskanal radial umgebenden Statorgehäuses dient, mit zwei axial gegenüberliegenden Fügekonturen, die jeweils in Eingriff mit zwei längs des Strömungskanals axial benachbarten Komponenten, wie insbesondere zweier Leitschaufeln, bringbar sind, ist lösungsgemäss derart ausgebildet, dass eine erste der zwei Fügekonturen eine radial orientierte Ausnehmung mit einer konisch geformten Konturfläche aufweist, an die radialwärts ein Befestigungszapfen mit einer konischen Aussenkontur von Seiten einer an die erste Fügekontur benachbart angrenzenden Komponente kraftbeaufschlagt fügbar ist. Ferner weist die erste Fügekontur einen Kragenabschnitt mit einer radial oberen und unteren Kragenoberfläche auf, der in eine gegenkonturierte Aufnahmekontur innerhalb der axial benachbarten Komponente durch eine zwischen dem Befestigungszapfen und der konisch geformten Konturfläche wirkenden Fügekraft fügbar ist.Such a heat dissipation segment, which basically serves for the local separation of a flow channel within a flow rotating machine, in particular a gas turbine plant, with respect to a stator housing radially surrounding the flow channel, with two axially opposite joining contours, each in engagement with two axially adjacent components along the flow channel, in particular two Guide vanes, can be brought, according to the solution is designed such that a first of the two joining contours has a radially oriented recess with a conically shaped contour surface, to the radially a fastening pin with a conical outer contour from the side of a force adjacent to the first joining contour adjacent component is force applied. Furthermore, the first joining contour has a collar portion with a radially upper and lower collar surface, which is available in a counter-contoured receiving contour within the axially adjacent component by a joining force acting between the mounting pin and the conically shaped contour surface.
Die vorstehend beschriebene lösungsgemässe Fügeverbindung zwischen einem Wärmestausegment und einer sich axial daran anschliessenden Komponente einer Strömungsrotationsmaschine eignet sich in besonders vorteilhafter Weise für den Einsatz zwischen zwei Leitschaufeln längs einer Gasturbinenstufe. Obgleich sich die weiteren Ausführungen unter Bezugnahme auf das Ausführungsbeispiel auf einen derartigen Einsatzzweck beschränken, kann die lösungsgemässe Fügeverbindung für das Wärmestausegment gleichwohl auch zwischen zwei axial benachbarte Laufschaufeln einer Rotoreinheit angewandt werden. Hierfür sind lediglich konstruktionsbedingte, fachgerechte Anpassungen, die von einem Fachmann ausführbar sind, erforderlich.The above-described solution joint connection between a heat recovery segment and an axially adjoining component of a flow rotary machine is particularly suitable for use between two vanes along a gas turbine stage. Although the other embodiments are limited to such an application with reference to the exemplary embodiment, the joint connection for the heat recovery segment according to the solution can nevertheless also be applied between two axially adjacent rotor blades of a rotor unit. For this purpose, only design-related, professional adjustments that are executable by a professional required.
Wie im Weiteren unter Bezugnahme auf das dargestellte Ausführungsbeispiel hervorgeht, wird das lösungsgemässe Wärmestausegment lediglich über einen einzigen Fügebereich lösbar fest mit einer axial benachbart angeordneten Leitschaufel verbunden. Der diesem Fügebereich axial gegenüber liegende zweite Fügebereich des Wärmestausegmentes wird hingegen lediglich kraftbeaufschlagt gegen eine radial orientierte Fügefläche an einer statorseitigen Tragstruktur lose angepresst. Gilt es das Wärmestausegment zu entnehmen, so kann die über die lose Pressverbindung mit dem Wärmestausegment in Kontakt stehende Leitschaufel durch blosses axiales Entnehmen separiert werden. Das Wärmestausegment lässt sich hingegen leicht von der anderen Leitschaufel durch Lösen der Fügeverbindung separieren, indem die betreffende Leitschaufel in Umfangsrichtung aus der die Leitschaufel tragenden statorseitigen Tragstruktur entnommen wird, wodurch die Fügeverbindung zum Wärmestausegment selbsttätig gelöst wird. Da sich das lösungsgemässe Wärmestausegment durch konstruktive Besonderheiten hinsichtlich der Fügekonstruktion auszeichnet, wird das lösungsgemässe Wärmestausegment im Weiteren unter Bezugnahme auf ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel beschrieben.As will be seen below with reference to the illustrated embodiment, the heat recovery segment according to the invention is releasably fixedly connected to a guide vane arranged axially adjacent only over a single joining region. On the other hand, the second joining region of the heat recovery segment which is axially opposite this joining region is loosely pressed against a radially oriented joining surface on a stator-supporting structure. If it is necessary to remove the heat release segment, the guide vane, which is in contact with the heat discharge segment via the loose press connection, can be separated by mere axial removal. On the other hand, the heat spreader segment can be easily separated from the other vane by loosening the joint by removing the respective vane in the circumferential direction from the stator supporting structure carrying the vane, whereby the joint connection to the heat spreader is automatically released. Since that is according to the solution according to the invention design features with respect to the joint structure, the solution according to the invention heat recovery segment will be described below with reference to a preferred embodiment.
Die Erfindung wird nachstehend ohne Beschränkung des allgemeinen Erfindungsgedankens anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung exemplarisch beschrieben. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1a
- Längsschnittteildarstellung durch eine Leitschaufel-Wärmesegmentanordnung,
- Fig. 1 b
- Detailldarstellung der Fügeverbindung,
- Fig. 2
- Längsschnittteildarstellung einer Leitschaufelaufhängung innerhalb einer Gasturbinenstufe gemäss Stand der Technik.
- Fig. 1a
- Longitudinal sectional view through a vane heat segment assembly,
- Fig. 1 b
- Detailed representation of the joint,
- Fig. 2
- Longitudinal sectional view of a guide vane suspension within a gas turbine stage according to the prior art.
Auch verläuft längs der Seitenkante 5 der Leitschaufel 4 sowie längs der Seitenkante 13 des Wärmestausegmentes 12 jeweils ein bandförmiges Dichtmittel 6, 14, das jeweils in Eingriff mit einem in Umfangsrichtung benachbart angeordneten Wärmestausegment bzw. einer Leitschaufel steht und auf diese Weise für einen gasdichten Abschluss zwischen dem Strömungskanal K und den statorseitig angeordneten Komponenten 2 sorgt. Insbesondere gilt es, das von dem Wärmestausegment 12 statorseitig eingeschlossene Volumen E, das über einen Kühlluftkanal 15 mit Kühlluft versorgt wird, weitgehend gasdicht gegenüber dem Strömungskanal K abzuschliessen. Nur der guten Ordnung halber wird darauf hingewiesen, dass die Leitschaufel 4 gleichfalls mit Kühlluft versorgt wird, die ihr über den Kühlkanal 16 zugeführt wird. Auch die in diesem Bereich zugeführte Kühlluft gilt es gegenüber dem Strömungskanal K abzudichten, was durch die Banddichtung 6 gewährleistet wird.Also runs along the
Im Gegensatz zu der eingangs beschriebenen bekannten Ausbildungsform der einstückig durchgehenden Bandddichtung weisen die Banddichtungen 6 und 14 der jeweils separat ausgeführten Leitschaufel sowie Wärmestausegment 12 lediglich eine hälftige Länge auf, wodurch die Abnutzung aufgrund der unverändert auftretenden Vibrationen bedingt durch Materialabrieb deutlich geringer in Erscheinung treten. Hierdurch ist es möglich, die Wartungs- und gegebenenfalls Auswechselintervalle für die Banddichtung deutlich zu verlängern.In contrast to the above-described known embodiment of the integrally continuous band seal, the band seals 6 and 14 of the separately executed guide vane and
Um den Montage- bzw. Demontageaufwand für derartige Wartungsarbeiten hingegen zu reduzieren, weist das separat ausgebildete Wärmestausegment 12 eine lösungsgemäss ausgebildete Fügeverbindung zu den axial angrenzenden Leitschaufeln auf, wodurch eine leichte, schnelle und insbesondere vereinzelte Entnahme aus dem Gesamtverbund der Gasturbinenanordnung ermöglicht wird.In order to reduce the assembly or disassembly effort for such maintenance, however, has the separately formed heat shield segment 12 a solution formed according to joint connection to the axially adjacent vanes, whereby a light, fast and especially isolated removal from the overall network of the gas turbine arrangement is made possible.
Grundsätzlich weist das lösungsgemäss ausgebildete Wärmestausegment 12 zwei axial gegenüberliegende Fügekonturen 17, 18 auf, von denen die Fügekontur 18 lediglich kraftbeaufschlagt über eine radial orientierte Fügefläche 19 an einen Oberflächenbereich 20 der statorseitigen Tragstruktur 7 gepresst wird. Um das innen liegende Kühlvolumen E gasdicht gegenüber dem Strömungskanal K abzutrennen, ist innerhalb der radial orientierten Fügefläche 19 eine nutförmige Ausnehmung vorgesehen, innerhalb der ein Dichtmittel 21 eingebracht ist. Ferner grenzt der zweite Fügebereich 18 über eine weitere axiale Fügefläche 22 an eine axial benachbarte Leitschaufel 4' an, die bei entsprechender Montage bzw. Demontage durch ausschliessliches axiales Annähern bzw. Entfernen (siehe Pfeildarstellungen gemäss G und D) an das Wärmestausegment 12 montiert bzw. demontiert werden kann. Dem Fügebereich 18 axial gegenüberliegend ist der erste Fügebereich 17 vorgesehen, der in der Darstellung gemäss
Der Fügebereich 17 des Wärmestausegmentes 12 weist einen Kragenabschnitt 23 auf, der eine radial obere und radial untere Kragenoberfläche 24, 25 vorsieht. Der Kragenabschnitt 23 ragt dabei axialwärts in eine entsprechend gegenkonturierte Aufnahmekontur 26 innerhalb der axial angrenzenden Leitschaufel 4. Die Fügung zwischen dem Kragenabschnitt 23 und der Aufnahmekontur 26, die genauer gesagt im Fussbereich der Leitschaufel 4 vorgesehen ist, erfolgt passgenau, so dass die Fügung zumindest in Radialrichtung kein Spiel bzw. keine Toleranz aufweist. Dies ist insbesondere für eine gasdichte und kraftbeaufschlagte Pressung der Fügekontur 18 gegen die Tragstruktur 7 im Oberflächenbereich 20 erforderlich.The joining
Unmittelbar axialwärts an den Kragenabschnitt 23 angrenzend weist die Fügekontur 17 eine radial orientierte Ausnehmung 27 auf, die über eine konisch geformte Konturfläche 28 verfügt. Die radial orientierte Ausnehmung 27 ist als Halbform ausgebildet, wobei die konisch geformte Konturfläche 28 axialwärts den Kragenabschnitt 23 zugewandt angebracht ist.Immediately axially adjacent to the
Der Fügebereich 17 wird zudem radial aussenliegend von einem überkragenden Bereich 29 der Leitschaufel 4 überdeckt, mit dem die Leitschaufel 4 in einer statorseitigen Tragstruktur 7 befestigt ist. Innerhalb des überkragenden Bereiches 29 der Leitschaufel 4 ist eine Öffnung 30 vorgesehen, in der ein Befestigungszapfen 31, ein Federelement 32 sowie ein schraubenförmig ausgebildetes Abstützelement 33 in der in der Detailldarstellung gemäss
So ist es möglich, die Leitschaufel 4' aus einer geschlossenen Gasturbinenanordnung in der folgenden Weise auszutauschen: Wie bereits eingangs kurz erwähnt, ist die Demontage der Leitschaufel 4' durch axiale Entnahme gemäss dem Bewegungsvektor D möglich. Selbst bei entnommener Leitschaufel 4' verbleibt das Wärmestausegment 12 an seinem vorgegebenen Platz, zumal das Wärmestausegment 12 durch die lösungsgemäss vorbeschriebene Fügeverbindung selbsttragend am Fusse der Leitschaufel 4 verharrt. So wird ein axiales Verrutschen des Wärmestausegmentes 12 durch den Kontakt zwischen dem Befestigungszapfen 31 und der konisch geformten Konturfläche 28 des Fügebereiches 11 verhindert. Ebenso sorgt die toleranzfreien Fügungen der oberen und unteren Kragenoberflächen 24, 25 innerhalb der gegenkonturierten Aufnahmekontur 26 für eine kraftbeaufschlagte Abdichtung im Bereich des zweiten Fügebereiches 18, wie bereits eingangs beschrieben. Selbst eine Wiedermontage der Leitschaufel 4' ist durch die Präsenz des Wärmestausegmentes 12 nicht behindert. Vielmehr ist es möglich, die Leitschaufel 4' durch axiale Annäherung gemäss dem Bewegungsvektor G mit dem zweiten Fügebereich 18 in Kontakt zu bringen.Thus, it is possible to replace the guide vane 4 'from a closed gas turbine arrangement in the following manner: As already briefly mentioned above, the disassembly of the vane 4' by axial removal according to the movement vector D is possible. Even when the guide blade 4 'is removed, the
- 11
- Rotoreinheitrotor unit
- 22
- Statoreinheitstator
- 33
- Laufschaufelblade
- 44
- Leitschaufelvane
- 4141
- Leitschaufelblattairfoil
- 4242
- Leitschaufelplattformvane platform
- 55
- Seitenkanteside edge
- 66
- Banddichtung, DichtmittelBand seal, sealant
- 77
- statorseitige Tragstrukturstator-side support structure
- 8, 98, 9
- Befestigungskragenfixing collar
- 10,1110.11
- statorseitige Aufnahmekonturenstator side receiving contours
- 1212
- WärmestausegmentHeat shield
- 1313
- Seitenkanteside edge
- 1414
- Banddichtung, DichtmittelBand seal, sealant
- 1515
- Kühlkanalcooling channel
- 1616
- Kühlkanalcooling channel
- 1717
- erste Fügekonturfirst joining contour
- 1818
- zweite Fügekontursecond joining contour
- 1919
- axial orientierte Fügeflächeaxially oriented joining surface
- 2020
- Oberflächenbereichsurface area
- 2121
- Dichtmittelsealant
- 2222
- weitere axiale orientierte Fügeflächefurther axial oriented joining surface
- 2323
- Kragenabschnittcollar section
- 24,2524.25
- radial obere und untere Kragenoberflächeradially upper and lower collar surface
- 2626
- gegenkonturierte Aufnahmestrukturcounter contoured recording structure
- 2727
- radial orientierte Ausnehmungradially oriented recess
- 2828
- konisch geformte Konturflächeconically shaped contour surface
- 2929
- überkragender Bereich der Leitschaufelcantilevered area of the vane
- 3030
- Öffnungopening
- 3131
- Befestigungszapfenfastening pins
- 3232
- Federelementspring element
- 3333
- Abstützelementsupporting
- 3434
- konische Aussenkonturconical outer contour
Claims (8)
- Heat shield for the local separation of a flow duct (K) inside a turbo engine, in particular a gas turbine system, from a stator housing (2) that radially surrounds the flow duct (K), having two axially opposed joining contoured elements (17, 18) that may respectively be brought into engagement with two components (4, 4') that are axially adjacent along the flow duct (K),
characterized in that a first one (17) of the two joining contoured elements has a radially oriented recess (27) with a conical contoured surface (28) against which a securing pin (31) having a conical external contour (34) may radially form a join under force action from a component (4) that adjoins the first joining contoured element (17), and
in that the first joining contoured element (17) has a collar portion (23) having a radially upper collar surface (24) and a radially lower collar surface (25), and this collar portion may form a join within a counter-contoured receiving contoured element (26) in the axially adjacent component (4) by a joining force that acts between the securing pin (31) and the conical contoured surface (28). - Heat shield according to Claim 1,
characterized in that the axially adjacent components (4, 4') are each vanes, and
in that the first joining contoured element (17) is only in joining connection with the axially adjacent vane in the region of the root of the vane. - Heat shield according to Claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that the radially oriented recess (27) takes the form of a half shell having half a conical contoured surface (28), and
in that the half contoured surface (28) radially faces the collar portion (23). - Heat shield according to one of Claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that the conical securing pin (31) has a cylindrical portion that is guided radially and fittingly through an opening (30) inside the axially adjacent component (4) and in one piece follows the shape of the conical external contour (34) of the securing pin (31). - Heat shield according to one of Claims 1 to 4,
characterized in that the securing pin (31) has a radial recess in the manner of a blind bore into which a spring element (32) may be introduced, this spring element (32) creating a join with the securing pin (31) radially under the action of spring force against the conical contoured surface (28) of the radially oriented recess (27) inside the first joining region (17). - Heat shield according to Claim 5,
characterized in that the spring element (32) may only be compressed in the course of joining the axially adjacent component (4) in a joining structure that fixes the component (4) at least locally, and this generates a spring force as a result of which a radial join is formed with the securing pin (31) against the conical contoured surface (28) of the radially oriented recess (27) inside the first joining region (17). - Heat shield according to one of Claims 1 to 6,
characterized in that the second joining region (18) has an axially oriented joining surface (19) that has a sealant (21) and abuts against a surface region (20) of a stator-side support structure (7), and
in that the second joining region (18) has a further axially oriented joining surface (22) that abuts against a surface region of an axially adjacent component (4') such that the adjacent component (4') may be separated from the second joining region (18) or brought axially closer thereto only by axial spacing thereof. - Heat shield according to one of Claims 1 to 7,
characterized in that two axially oriented side edges (13) are provided, and these connect the two axially opposed joining contoured elements (17, 18), and a sealing tape (14) runs in each case along their entire axial extent and may be brought into engagement with a heat shield that is arranged adjacent to the turbo engine in the circumferential direction.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SI200630599T SI1861585T1 (en) | 2005-03-24 | 2006-03-21 | Heat accumulation segment |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102005013797A DE102005013797A1 (en) | 2005-03-24 | 2005-03-24 | Heat shield |
PCT/EP2006/060905 WO2006100237A1 (en) | 2005-03-24 | 2006-03-21 | Heat accumulation segment |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1861585A1 EP1861585A1 (en) | 2007-12-05 |
EP1861585B1 true EP1861585B1 (en) | 2009-12-30 |
Family
ID=36599084
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP06725192A Not-in-force EP1861585B1 (en) | 2005-03-24 | 2006-03-21 | Heat accumulation segment |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7658593B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1861585B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE453780T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2006226334B8 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0609313A8 (en) |
DE (2) | DE102005013797A1 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2007011754A (en) |
SI (1) | SI1861585T1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006100237A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20180347399A1 (en) * | 2017-06-01 | 2018-12-06 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Turbine shroud with integrated heat shield |
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GB721453A (en) * | 1951-10-19 | 1955-01-05 | Vickers Electrical Co Ltd | Improvements relating to gas turbines |
US3362160A (en) * | 1966-09-16 | 1968-01-09 | Gen Electric | Gas turbine engine inspection apparatus |
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BE756582A (en) * | 1969-10-02 | 1971-03-01 | Gen Electric | CIRCULAR SCREEN AND SCREEN HOLDER WITH TEMPERATURE ADJUSTMENT FOR TURBOMACHINE |
US3825364A (en) * | 1972-06-09 | 1974-07-23 | Gen Electric | Porous abradable turbine shroud |
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FR2416345A1 (en) * | 1978-01-31 | 1979-08-31 | Snecma | IMPACT COOLING DEVICE FOR TURBINE SEGMENTS OF A TURBOREACTOR |
FR2574473B1 (en) * | 1984-11-22 | 1987-03-20 | Snecma | TURBINE RING FOR A GAS TURBOMACHINE |
US5071313A (en) * | 1990-01-16 | 1991-12-10 | General Electric Company | Rotor blade shroud segment |
GB2245316B (en) * | 1990-06-21 | 1993-12-15 | Rolls Royce Plc | Improvements in shroud assemblies for turbine rotors |
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GB2310255B (en) * | 1996-02-13 | 1999-06-16 | Rolls Royce Plc | A turbomachine |
DE19619438B4 (en) * | 1996-05-14 | 2005-04-21 | Alstom | Heat release segment for a turbomachine |
EP0844369B1 (en) * | 1996-11-23 | 2002-01-30 | ROLLS-ROYCE plc | A bladed rotor and surround assembly |
FR2766517B1 (en) * | 1997-07-24 | 1999-09-03 | Snecma | DEVICE FOR VENTILATION OF A TURBOMACHINE RING |
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US6139257A (en) * | 1998-03-23 | 2000-10-31 | General Electric Company | Shroud cooling assembly for gas turbine engine |
FR2780443B1 (en) * | 1998-06-25 | 2000-08-04 | Snecma | HIGH PRESSURE TURBINE STATOR RING OF A TURBOMACHINE |
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FR2800797B1 (en) * | 1999-11-10 | 2001-12-07 | Snecma | ASSEMBLY OF A RING BORDING A TURBINE TO THE TURBINE STRUCTURE |
FR2803871B1 (en) * | 2000-01-13 | 2002-06-07 | Snecma Moteurs | DIAMETER ADJUSTMENT ARRANGEMENT OF A GAS TURBINE STATOR |
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FR2899274B1 (en) * | 2006-03-30 | 2012-08-17 | Snecma | DEVICE FOR FASTENING RING SECTIONS AROUND A TURBINE WHEEL OF A TURBOMACHINE |
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-
2005
- 2005-03-24 DE DE102005013797A patent/DE102005013797A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2006
- 2006-03-21 SI SI200630599T patent/SI1861585T1/en unknown
- 2006-03-21 BR BRPI0609313A patent/BRPI0609313A8/en active Search and Examination
- 2006-03-21 DE DE502006005786T patent/DE502006005786D1/en active Active
- 2006-03-21 AT AT06725192T patent/ATE453780T1/en active
- 2006-03-21 AU AU2006226334A patent/AU2006226334B8/en not_active Ceased
- 2006-03-21 WO PCT/EP2006/060905 patent/WO2006100237A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-03-21 MX MX2007011754A patent/MX2007011754A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2006-03-21 EP EP06725192A patent/EP1861585B1/en not_active Not-in-force
-
2007
- 2007-09-24 US US11/859,984 patent/US7658593B2/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2006226334B2 (en) | 2009-09-10 |
SI1861585T1 (en) | 2010-04-30 |
AU2006226334B8 (en) | 2010-01-07 |
DE102005013797A1 (en) | 2006-09-28 |
AU2006226334A1 (en) | 2006-09-28 |
WO2006100237A1 (en) | 2006-09-28 |
BRPI0609313A8 (en) | 2017-07-25 |
MX2007011754A (en) | 2007-12-05 |
EP1861585A1 (en) | 2007-12-05 |
US20080050224A1 (en) | 2008-02-28 |
DE502006005786D1 (en) | 2010-02-11 |
ATE453780T1 (en) | 2010-01-15 |
BRPI0609313A2 (en) | 2010-03-09 |
US7658593B2 (en) | 2010-02-09 |
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