EP1853943A2

EP1853943A2 - Method for producing an optical, radiation-emitting component and optical, radiation-emitting component

Info

Publication number: EP1853943A2
Application number: EP06706018A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Bert Braune; Herbert Brunner; Harald JÄGER; Jörg SORG
Original assignee: Osram Opto Semiconductors GmbH
Current assignee: Ams Osram International GmbH
Priority date: 2005-02-28
Filing date: 2006-02-28
Publication date: 2007-11-14
Also published as: DE102005009066A1; US20080197376A1; JP4922189B2; WO2006089540A2; TW200641169A; WO2006089540A3; CN103009545B; CN103009545A; US8247263B2; KR20070106633A; CN101128750A; TWI321594B; JP2008532795A; KR101263041B1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing an optical, radiation-emitting component by means of a moulding process and to an optical, radiation-emitting component with a defined viscosity.

Description

description

Method for producing an optical and a radiation-emitting component and optical and radiation-emitting component

The invention relates to a method for producing an optical and a radiation-emitting component by means of a shaping process (molding process) and an optical and a radiation-emitting component.

GB 1 423 013 describes a light-emitting diode whose semiconductor chip is embedded in transparent resins using a transfer molding process. Among other things, there is mentioned the possibility to encase the chip with silicone resin.

US 4,198,131 describes the preparation of optical elements of silicone resins for contact lenses. There, the increased comfort is emphasized by the use of silicone resins.

EP 1 424 363 A1 describes the use of various silicone resins having a viscosity below one pascal second in conjunction with light-emitting diodes.

WO 01/50540 A1 describes a surface-mountable light-emitting diode source in which a radiation-emitting semiconductor chip is encapsulated on a lead frame by a transfer molding process with a synthetic resin. The synthetic resin compound forms the housing of the light-emitting diode light source. Optical components often show a material degradation when they are in the beam path of radiation-emitting electronic components, such as light-emitting diodes (LED) that emit in the ultraviolet or blue spectral range. Such material degradation, caused by the influence of the high energy ultraviolet or blue radiation, causes such optical devices to have a finite life, the lifetime being given by the time that the intensity of the radiation transmitted through the optical device is half that of its initial one Value has dropped. The material degradation can be manifested, for example, by discoloration, in particular by yellowing or browning, as well as by embrittlement and cracking of the regions of the optical component which are located in the beam path of the radiation-emitting electronic component. By increasing the temperature and / or additional moisture, the material degradation can be accelerated. As a result of a progressive technical development of the LED semiconductor materials in terms of increasing the emission power of the LED semiconductor materials while the life of the optical components is additionally reduced.

Heretofore, in the production of radiation-emitting components or optical components, transparent thermoplastics, resins or glass have been used.

Thermoplastics are characterized by cost-effective and simple processing. However, they have a low radiation resistance for short-wave radiation and have a limited operating temperature.

_ O _ Thermosets, on the other hand, are characterized by relatively high temperature resistance and good impression properties as well as dimensional stability. However, the thermosets also have a low radiation resistance for short-wave radiation. The processing process is expensive and involves comparatively high material costs.

Glass is characterized by good aging and good temperature stability, but high costs for the material and the machining processes.

The use of silicone resins has been limited. Although silicone resins are stable to radiation or aging, the molding processes (injection molding processes or molding) for silicone resins are comparatively time-consuming and expensive. The components produced by known previous methods have a too low for practical use dimensional stability.

The invention has for its object to provide an optical device and a radiation-emitting device and method for their production, which results in the improvement using the use of silicone resin and a molding process.

The invention is further based on the object of specifying an optical component and a radiation-emitting component and method for the production thereof, wherein an epoxy resin is used in a molding process.

A further object of the invention is to specify an optical component and a radiation-emitting component and method for the production thereof, wherein a hybrid component silicone resin ridging material with an admixture of suitable other resins is used.

The invention further relates to optical components and radiation-emitting components which are produced by a method according to the invention.

This object is achieved by the invention by the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments and further developments of the method and the component are specified in the dependent claims.

In particular, a method according to the invention for producing an optical and a radiation-emitting component using an injection molding method has the feature that a silicone resin with a viscosity in the range of 4.5 to 20 pascal-seconds (Pa s ), measured at room temperature. A viscosity of 10 Pa s at room temperature proves to be advantageous.

The use of an injection molding process proves to be particularly advantageous when using a liquid at room temperature silicone resin as a molding material.

It is preferred to use clear silicone resins, for example silicones, which are commercially available from Dow-Corning in order to ensure suitable transparency of the optical and the radiation-emitting component for radiation.

In particular, the silicone resin used is adapted to the shaping process such that short machine cycle times effective and cost-effective production processes for aging-stable components are made possible.

It is advantageous if the formation of so-called flash is reduced by higher viscosities. By flash, the skilled person understands an undesirable effect in which the molding compound wets areas, for example by creeping processes, which are advantageously free of the molding compound.

In one embodiment of the method, process temperatures of between 100 and 220 degrees Celsius, preferably between 130 and 180 degrees Celsius, are used for the injection molding process (injection molding). In a preferred embodiment, the process temperature is 150 degrees Celsius.

In a further embodiment of the method injection pressures of up to 1000 bar, in particular between 50 and 100 bar are used.

It is furthermore advantageous for the process if the molding composition contains admixtures for demolding or separation. Particularly advantageous for this are wax-based materials or metal soaps with long-chain carboxylic acids. Such admixtures for demolding or separation can be used not only in conjunction with silicone resins but also in conjunction with other molding compositions, in particular also curing molding compositions which have, for example, epoxies or hybrid materials.

In a further embodiment of the method, the molding compound used has a conversion substance. The conversion substance dispersed in the molding composition can be an inorganic be beautiful phosphor pigment powder containing phosphors having the general formula A ₃ B ₅ X ₁₂ : M. In particular, particles from the group of cerium-doped garnets can be used as the phosphor pigments, in particular cerium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Y ₃ Al ₅ O ₁₂ = Ce, YAG: Ce), cerium-doped terbium aluminum garnet (TAG: Ce), cerium-doped Terbium-yttrium aluminum garnet (TbYAG: Ce), cerium-doped gadolinium-yttrium aluminum granite (GdYAG: Ce), and cerium-doped gadolinium-terbium-yttrium aluminum garnet (GdTbYAGiCe). Further possible phosphors are sulfide- and oxy-sulfide-based host lattices, aluminates and borates with metal centers which can be excited in the short-wave range. Organometallic phosphor systems can also be used. The phosphor pigments may also comprise a plurality of different phosphors and the conversion substance may contain a plurality of different phosphor pigments. Furthermore, the conversion substance may contain soluble and sparingly soluble organic dyes and phosphor mixtures.

It may be advantageous if an adhesion promoter, preferably in liquid form, is added to the preferably predried conversion substance in order to improve the adhesiveness of the conversion substance with the molding composition. In particular, it is advantageous if, when inorganic phosphor pigments are used, the adhesion promoter comprises 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and / or further derivatives based on trialkoxysilane. The use of a primer is not limited to use in conjunction with silicone resins. In particular, such adhesion promoters can also be used to improve the adhesion of a conversion substance with curable molding compositions comprising, for example, epoxies or hybrid materials.

It may also be advantageous for the modification of the phosphor surfaces single and / or multi-functional use polar agents with carboxylic acid, carboxylic ester, ether and / or alcohol groups. It may be particularly advantageous to use diethylene glycol monomethyl ether. By such a modification, the wettability of the high-energy phosphor surfaces can be increased and thus the compatibility and dispersion can be improved during processing with the molding composition.

A further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention is formed when fillers are added to the molding compound to increase the refractive index. Fillers may in particular contain glass particles, TiO ₂ , ZrO ₂ , CtAl ₂ O ₃ , or other metal oxides. Furthermore, fillers may be incorporated with high refractive index non-oxide materials, such as gallium nitride.

In a further embodiment of the method, the cycle times of the molding process (molding process) are between 30 seconds and two minutes. The cycle time includes the injection time and the curing time of the molding compound in the mold. In particular, the injection times can be in a range of up to 25 seconds, preferably less than 25 seconds, so that so-called wire sweep, as occurs at too high a transfer speed or high viscosity, is avoided.

Under Wire Sweep the skilled person understands in a molding process, for example an injection molding process, a transfer molding process or a molding process, an undesirable effect of a molding compound in particular on the electrical contacting of electronic components, for example bonding wires, via which, for example, the electrical contacting of radiation-emitting , electronic construction elements takes place. A high transfer rate of the molding compound, for example caused by a high injection pressure or a high molding speed, and a high viscosity of the molding compound can cause a disadvantageous deformation of a bonding wire to a decontacting of the electronic component by interrupting the electrical conduction via the bonding wire.

In one embodiment of an optical component, the optical component is produced by one of the aforementioned methods.

Another method according to the invention for producing a radiation-emitting component is characterized in that in a transfer molding process epoxy resins having a viscosity of 4 to 35 Pa s, measured at 150 degrees Celsius, or silicone resins with an admixture of epoxy resins (hybrid material) between 30 and 80% and a viscosity between 0.9 and 12 Pa s, measured at room temperature.

It may be advantageous if solid materials are used in the transfer molding process, in particular tabular materials.

In one embodiment of the method, prefabricated components, for example electronic components, are provided with a molding compound and / or encapsulated at least in some areas by means of the transfer molding process.

In one embodiment of the method, a clear epoxy-based molding compound is used, preferably an epoxy resin is used with the composition 10-20% of tris (2,3-epoxypropyl) -1,3,5-triglycidyl isocyanurate, 20-35% of tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, 45% of bisphenol A epoxy resin and 2-3% of quartz glass, available, for example, under U.S. Pat Brand name Nitto NT 300H-10025.

In a preferred embodiment, the epoxy resin has a viscosity of 10 Pa s, measured at 150 degrees Celsius. As a result, good processability of the molding compound with simultaneously reduced impairment of an electronic component to be encapsulated given, in particular by the fact that, in particular from a viscosity of 50 Pa s, measured at 150 degrees Celsius, a wire sweep can occur.

In a preferred embodiment, the hybrid material comprises a silicone resin with a 50 percent admixture of epoxy resins.

In one embodiment of the method, the process temperature in the transfer molding method is between 100 and 220 degrees Celsius, preferably between 130 and 180 degrees Celsius. It may be particularly advantageous if the process temperature is 150 degrees Celsius.

In a further embodiment of the method injection pressures of between 50 and 100 bar are used in the transfer molding process.

In a further embodiment of the method for producing radiation-emitting semiconductor components, the molding compound used contains an admixture for demolding or separation, in particular wax-based materials or metal soaps with long-chain carboxylic acids. In a further embodiment of the method for producing radiation-emitting semiconductor components, the molding compound used has a conversion substance. The conversion substance dispersed in the molding composition may be an inorganic phosphor pigment powder containing phosphors having the general formula A ₃ B ₅ Xi ₂ : M. In particular, particles from the group of cerium-doped garnets can be used as the phosphor pigments, in particular cerium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Y ₃ Al ₅ O ₂ : Ce, YAG: Ce), cerium-doped terbium aluminum garnet (TAG: Ce), cerium-doped Terbium-yttrium aluminum garnet (TbYAG: Ce), cerium-doped gadolinium-yttrium aluminum granite (GdYAG: Ce) and cerium-doped gadolinium-terbium-yttrium aluminum garnet (GdTbYAG: Ce). Other possible phosphors are sulfide- and oxysulfide-based host lattices, aluminates and borates with correspondingly short-wavelength excitable metal centers. Organometallic phosphor systems can also be used. The phosphor pigments may also comprise a plurality of different phosphors and the conversion substance may contain a plurality of different phosphor pigments. Furthermore, the conversion substance may contain soluble and sparingly soluble organic dyes and phosphor mixtures.

It may be advantageous if the adhesion promoter, preferably pre-dried conversion substance, is preferably added in liquid form in order to improve the adhesion of the conversion substance to the plastic molding compound. In particular, it is advantageous to use glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane or further derivatives based on tri alkoxysilane as the adhesion promoter when inorganic phosphor pigments are used. It may also be advantageous to use mono- and / or polyfunctional polar agents with carboxylic acid, carboxylic ester, ether and / or alcohol groups to modify the phosphor surfaces. It may be particularly advantageous to use diethylene glycol monomethyl ether. The use of such additives can improve the wettability of the high-energy phosphor surfaces and thus the compatibility and dispersion during processing with the molding composition.

A further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention is formed when fillers are added to the molding compound to increase the refractive index. In particular, fillers may include glass particles, TiO ₂ , ZrO ₂ , (XAl ₂ O ₃ or other metal oxides, and fillers may be incorporated with high refractive index non-oxide materials such as gallium nitride.

In a further embodiment of the method, the transfer molding process cycle times between two and eight minutes, in particular it may be advantageous if the method has a cycle time of five minutes, further it may be particularly advantageous if the method has a cycle time of up to three minutes , especially less than three minutes, since longer cycle times generally reduce the economics of the process. The cycle time includes the injection time and the curing time of the molding compound in the mold. In particular, the injection times may be in a range of up to 25 seconds, preferably less than 25 seconds.

It may be advantageous if cure times of between three and five minutes are used in the transfer molding process, since the adaptation of the molding composition to the automated processing process with short residence or curing times in the forming tool allows an economical process.

Short curing times and short process times are advantageous for the production process, so that the output quantity, ie the production quantity, is not too low, so that the manufacturing costs of the components remain within the scope of economic efficiency.

In one embodiment of a radiation-emitting component, a radiation-emitting semiconductor component is produced by one of the methods according to the invention.

In one embodiment of a radiation-emitting component, a radiation-emitting component is produced, which has an optical component which is produced by one of the methods according to the invention.

In one embodiment of a radiation-emitting component, an optoelectronic semiconductor component is followed by an optical component produced by a method according to the invention.

In this case, "downstream" here and below means that the optical component is located in the beam path of the radiation-emitting semiconductor component.

In one embodiment of a radiation-emitting semiconductor component, a preformed housing (Premolded Package) an encapsulation of a semiconductor chip according to one of the inventive method.

In a further embodiment of a radiation-emitting semiconductor component, a preformed housing has an encapsulation of a semiconductor chip within the preformed housing according to a method according to the invention and an optical component arranged downstream of the semiconductor chip.

In one embodiment of a radiation-emitting semiconductor component, a semiconductor chip is encapsulated on a base body (base package) with a silicone resin mixture by a method according to the invention.

In a further embodiment of a radiation-emitting semiconductor component, an optical component is arranged downstream of an overmolded semiconductor chip in the emission direction, the optical component being produced by a method according to the invention.

In a further embodiment of a radiation-emitting semiconductor component, the silicone mixture of the encapsulation of the semiconductor component has a lower dimensional stability than that of the silicone mixture of the downstream optical component. This embodiment is particularly advantageous for power designs.

In a further embodiment, the invention comprises a method for producing an optical component, wherein the optical component is produced from a material comprising a hybrid material, wherein the hybrid material - Has as a first component at least one siloxane-containing compound and

- has as a second component compounds whose functional groups are selected from epoxide groups, imide groups and acrylate groups.

The use of a hybrid material for producing an optical component makes it possible for the optical component advantageous properties of Siloxangruppen- containing compounds, such as silicones, advantageous for the optical component properties of compounds with epoxy, imide, and acrylate groups, in particular thermosets, for example Epoxy resins, polyimide resins and acrylic resins. Advantageous properties of siloxane-containing compounds are, for example, temperature resistance and aging stability. Advantageous properties of compounds having epoxy, imide and acrylate groups, such as those having optically transparent polymers, are, for example, short curing times and good adhesion of the material to surfaces comprising, for example, copper, silver or silicon. Furthermore, hybrid materials can have advantageous properties such as a high hardness and high elasticity and in particular a lower brittleness and brittleness compared to silicones which have a high hardness in the cured state. In particular, hybrid materials can have good optical properties, in particular high transparency for electromagnetic radiation of at least one wavelength range, and thus can advantageously be used for the production of an optical component.

In a further embodiment of the method, the optical component is formed from the hybrid material. In a further embodiment of the method, the first and second components of the hybrid material comprise monomers. In a crosslinking of the monomers in the context of a polymerization process, the monomers of the first and the second component form a copolymer.

In a further embodiment of the method, the first component and the second component of the hybrid material comprise polymers. In particular, the first component polysiloxanes and the second component polymers which are selected from epoxy resins, polyimides and polyacrylates. When the polymers crosslink with one another in the course of a curing process, the polymers form a polymer mixture in which the individual polymers are crosslinked with one another.

In a further embodiment of the method, the second component of the hybrid material additionally comprises siloxane groups.

The hybrid material in further embodiments has a siloxane content in a range of 10 to 90% by weight. Preferably, the hybrid material has a siloxane content in a range from 40 to 60% by weight, in particular 40% by weight or 50% by weight.

In another embodiment, the hybrid material before curing, that is, uncrosslinked, a viscosity of 0.5 to 200 Pa s, measured at room temperature, on.

In a preferred embodiment of the method, the hybrid material is pre-cured to a precursor solid at room temperature. Here, the uncrosslinked hybrid material is suitable. Neten conditions exposed, for example, a temperature, a pressure, electromagnetic radiation, for example, radiation in the ultraviolet or infrared wavelength range, or a combination thereof, so that a crosslinking reaction between the first component and the second component of the hybrid material begins. By appropriate adjustment of the conditions of crosslinking, for example premature pressure change or temperature change or premature shutdown of the electromagnetic radiation, the crosslinking reaction can come to a standstill and the hybrid material, which now partially crosslinks the first component and the second component, forms a solid at room temperature precursor , The precursor thus obtainable can be in any solid form, for example in plate or block form. It may furthermore be advantageous if the preliminary product obtainable in this way is comminuted, for example by grinding or crushing, and is thereby converted, for example, into a granular form or a powder form. The powder form of the precursor is particularly suitable for adding further powdery materials, for example fillers or wavelength conversion substances, to the precursor. Furthermore, it may be advantageous to bring the comminuted precursor into a mold, for example by agglomeration, compacting or piecing, advantageously by pressing. Advantageously, a precursor present in powder form is pressed into a mold, for example into a tablet or pellet form. As a result, an exact dosage of the precursor with regard to the weight and an exact geometrical adaptation, for example with regard to the dimensions of the mold, can advantageously take place. Thus, the precursor can be provided for the further process in suitable amounts and dimensions. Furthermore, the hybrid material may be formed into a particulate form, such as a pellet or tablet form, by a molding process such as casting and subsequent partial cure.

Furthermore, after pre-curing, the first component and the second component of the precursor can be further crosslinked to the precursor and placed in a mold, i. the precursor is further cured. The conditions may be the same or different as in the preparation of the precursor.

In a further embodiment of the method, the optical component of the hybrid material or the precursor is formed as a shaped body. The shaped body is advantageously formed in a cavity of a molding tool, wherein the optical component is produced with a shape corresponding to the shape of the cavity. In particular, a compression molding, a transfer molding, or an injection molding process can be used. The shaped body can have any shape suitable for the optical component.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the molding is formed from the precursor in a transfer molding process. In this case, the precursor in solid form, for example, in pressed into tablets powder, the injection molding machine supplied. It may be advantageous if the transfer molding process is carried out at a temperature between 100 and 220 degrees Celsius, preferably in a range of 130 to 180 degrees Celsius, wherein the precursor preferably liquefies again. The liquefied intermediate product is thereby introduced into the cavity by means of a gating system of the mold injected, whereby a pressure of 50 to 100 bar can prevail.

In a further embodiment, the precursor has a viscosity in a range of 1 mPa s to 30 Pa s at a temperature of 150 degrees Celsius. Preferably, the precursor at 150 degrees Celsius, a comparable or higher viscosity than molding compositions based on epoxy, particularly preferably viscosities of more than 4 Pa s, more preferably of more than 10 Pa s. Thereby, the precursor can be processed in conventional injection molding machines, with no or only small adjustments of the injection molds are necessary, in particular with respect to venting of the cavity or the Angusssystems, with regard to injection points and Entformschrägen. In addition, a higher viscosity reduces the tendency to flash, the so-called flash. In the case of forming an optical component on or around a substrate, in particular a substrate on which an optoelectronic component is arranged, the susceptibility of the method to thickness tolerances and unevenness of the substrate can be reduced by a higher viscosity.

In another embodiment, the hybrid material or precursor is hardened to form a cured hybrid material. The curing of the hybrid material occurs by a crosslinking reaction of the first component and the second component under suitable conditions, for example, a temperature, pressure, electromagnetic radiation, or a combination thereof. The curing of the precursor takes place by a continuation of the crosslinking reaction under suitable conditions, for example a temperature, a pressure, an electromagnetic radiation. or a combination thereof. The conditions during curing of the precursor may be the same or different as in the preparation of the precursor of the hybrid material.

In a preferred embodiment, curing of the hybrid material or precursor to a cured hybrid material as a shaped article occurs at least partially in the cavity of a molding tool. Complete cure of the hybrid material or precursor to a cured hybrid material may also occur in the cavity of the mold or, alternatively, outside the cavity of the mold. The conditions during curing can be kept constant or varied. Complete curing preferably means the greatest possible crosslinking of the first component and the second component.

In a preferred embodiment, the hybrid material or precursor has a cure time of less than 5 minutes. Short curing times can be beneficial for short machine cycle times, which can have a positive effect on the economics of the process.

In a further preferred embodiment, the cured hybrid material has a hardness in a range from 80 Shore A to 80 Shore D, preferably more than 60 Shore D. Compounds with epoxy, imide and acrylate groups in the cured state can reach a high hardness, which can be advantageous for the stability and the further processibility of a component. In contrast to pure silicone resins, a hybrid material can thus have a higher hardness and less brittleness. A high hardness can in Connection with a high stiffness of the molding may be advantageous, for example, in terms of easier separation of the Angusssystems of the mold after injecting the hybrid material or the precursor into the ceramics of the mold. As a result, a reduced tool contamination can advantageously be made possible by a defined breaking off of the gating system. In particular, this results in a lower cleaning effort, which can have a positive effect on the efficiency of the process. Furthermore, the optical component can advantageously have a high resistance to mechanical influences given a high hardness of the cured hybrid material. Particularly advantageous is a high hardness in a further mechanical processing of the optical component, for example by sawing. By too low a hardness, however, the optical component can be deformed while the mechanical processing under the occurrence of tension and deform again after mechanical processing due to the strain, which can lead to a disadvantageous and undesirable shape deviation of the optical component.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the method for producing an optical component in which the optical component is produced from a material comprising a hybrid material comprises the following method steps:

A) converting a precursor obtained from the hybrid material by pre-curing into a liquid or doughy state,

B) introducing the precursor from the process step A) into a cavity of a mold, wherein the cavity has a certain shape, and C) curing the precursor to a solid hybrid material, wherein the optical component is produced with a shape largely corresponding to the shape of the cavity.

The transfer of the precursor obtained from the hybrid material by means of precuring into a liquid or doughy state can be effected by the action of heat and / or pressurization. In particular, the transfer of the precursor into a liquid or doughy state can take place in a gating system of a transfer molding or injection molding tool. Through the sprue system, the precursor can be introduced in the liquid or solid state into the cavity of the mold. In this case, the precursor at least partially fill the cavity in the cavity and thus take a corresponding shape. By hardening the precursor into a cured hybrid material, the shape of the cavity for the cured hybrid material can be obtained.

In a further embodiment, the method for producing an optical component comprises the additional method steps to be carried out before method step A): Al) precuring the hybrid material to form a precursor which is solid at room temperature,

A2) crushing the solid precursor to a powdered or granular state, and

A3) transferring the shredded precursor into a compact form.

The transfer of the comminuted, present for example in powder or granular form precursor can be done by agglomeration or compaction, advantageously by pressing. The compact form can be a tablet or a pellet form.

In a further embodiment of the method, a film is at least partially applied (foil molding) on the inner wall of the cavity prior to adding the hybrid material or the precursor into the cavity of the mold. There- The film is attached to be in the following molding process between the hybrid material or precursor and the interior wall of the cavity, thereby avoiding wetting of the interior wall of the cavity and consequent adherence of the hybrid material or precursor to the interior wall of the cavity can. Particularly advantageous is the use of a heat-resistant film which expands under the influence of temperature. The use of a film may be particularly advantageous when using a hybrid material or low viscosity precursor. This can reduce the need for a necessary after the molding process required cleaning process of the mold. It is advantageous if the film does not affect the shape of the cavity, for example, if the film is very thin. It is particularly advantageous if the film is not thicker than 40 microns.

Moreover, it is particularly advantageous if the film rests entirely on the inner wall of the cavity and thus adapts to the shape of the inner wall of the cavity. This can be done for example by sucking the film to the inner wall of the cavity by means of a suitable structure of the inner wall of the cavity. A suitable structure of the inner wall may, for example, have a multiplicity of openings and / or areas with a porous material, through which the film can be sucked in via a vacuum system which generates a negative pressure at least in the vicinity of the inner wall. It may be advantageous if the film expands under additional temperature action. Thereby, a complete concern of the film on the inner wall of the cavity can be favorably influenced. Furthermore, it is advantageous if the hybrid material or the precursor does not or only slightly adheres to the film, so that after the molding process, an easy removal of the film can be done with a slight influence on the surface of the at least partially cured hybrid material.

Furthermore, by using the film, an improved sealing of the cavity and / or the area to be formed can take place. When using a hybrid material or a precursor with a low viscosity, therefore, the use of a film may be advantageous because the wetting of areas, for example of the mold, which are to remain free of the hybrid material or the precursor, can be substantially reduced and thus less burring (flash) occurs. As a result, advantageously a downstream cleaning process can be avoided.

In a further embodiment of the method, a mold release agent is additionally added to the hybrid material or the precursor. It is advantageous if the mold release agent does not significantly affect the optical properties of the optical component to be produced and is additionally resistant to aging. The use of a mold release agent may prove to be particularly advantageous in the manufacture of the optical component, since the use of the mold release agent facilitates the detachment of the at least partially cured hybrid material from the mold. This can be particularly advantageous if, due to special properties of the optical component to be produced, in particular if the optical component to be manufactured contains very small structures, no other possibilities of facilitated demolding are possible, for example way by the attachment of a film on the inner wall of the cavity of the mold.

In one embodiment of the method, a wavelength conversion substance is admixed with the hybrid material or the precursor. Wavelength conversion materials are suitable for absorbing at least a portion of radiation that passes through the optical component in a first wavelength range and for emitting electromagnetic radiation having a second wavelength range that differs from the first wavelength range. In this regard, a wavelength conversion substance can in particular have inorganic phosphor powders comprising nitrides and / or silicates, as well as, for example, cerium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet and cerium-doped terbium aluminum garnet powders and combinations thereof. Suitable organic and inorganic phosphors are listed, for example, in the publications WO 01/50540 A1 and WO 98/12757 A1, the disclosure of which relates to the phosphors hereby incorporated by reference.

In one embodiment of the method, the wavelength conversion substance is added to the hybrid material. Subsequently, the hybrid material is precured to a precursor, whereby a mixture of the precursor and the wavelength conversion substance is obtained, which is present for example in the form of plates. The mixture thus obtained from the precursor and the wavelength solution can be comminuted, preferably ground to a powder, and the powder mixture thus obtained can be brought into a compact form, preferably being pressed into tablets. In a further embodiment of the method, the wavelength conversion substance is added to the precursor, which is present for example as a coherent solid, in particular as a plate or as a block. Alternatively, the precursor may be present as granules. The precursor is comminuted to powder together with the added wave conversion substance and the powder mixture thus obtained is brought into a mold, preferably pressed into tablets. As a result, it is advantageously possible to achieve a homogeneous mixture of precursor and wavelength conversion substance

In a further embodiment of the process is preferably present in powder form is wavelength konversionsstof ^'f a precursor in powder form and added to the powder mixture thus obtained is placed in a mold, preferably compressed into tablets.

Accurate adjustment of the color location and the saturation of the emission radiation of the optical component can be made possible by the possibility of precise mixing of the wavelength conversion substance. A homogeneous color impression of the exit radiation can be made possible by avoiding sedimentation of the wavelength conversion substance by short curing times of the hybrid material.

In a preferred embodiment of the method, the wavelength conversion substance is selected such that at least part of the radiation entering the optical component is converted to another wavelength. In this case, the radiation entering the optical component can have a wavelength in the range from ultraviolet to green radiation and the converted radiation has a wavelength in the range from green to red radiation. Will only a portion of the radiation entering the optical component is converted to a different wavelength and / or at least a portion of the radiation entering the optical component is converted to at least two wavelengths, a mixed-color emission spectrum of the output radiation can be generated. The selection of the wavelength conversion substance is carried out depending on the wavelength spectrum of the radiation entering the optical component and on the desired emission spectrum.

In a preferred embodiment of the method, the wavelength conversion substance is selected such that the radiation entering the optical component has a wavelength in the range of blue radiation and the radiation emerging from the optical component has a mixture of several wavelength ranges, giving the impression of a white light ,

In a further embodiment of the method of the method, a material for increasing the refractive index is added to the hybrid material or the precursor. An increase in the refractive index can be advantageous, for example, for the production of lenses or other refractive optical components. In this case, the material to increase the refractive index may be chemically bonded to the hybrid material, in particular it may have chemically bonded titanium, zirconium and / or sulfur. In addition, the material for increasing the refractive index in the form of an oxide may be admixed with the hybrid material or the precursor, which may in particular be a metal oxide, for example TiO ₂ , ZrO ₂ , QfAl ₂ O ₃ . Furthermore, as a material for increasing the refractive index, particles can be added to the hybrid material or the precursor, in particular to glass particles. Kel. Furthermore, materials may be incorporated with high refractive index non-oxide materials, such as gallium nitride.

In a further embodiment of the method, an optoelectronic component is encapsulated by an optical component comprising the cured hybrid material or precursor, wherein the optical component and the optoelectronic component are arranged relative to one another such that the optical component encloses the optoelectronic component. In this case, the optoelectronic component can be arranged on a substrate or not.

In a preferred embodiment of the method, the optical component is designed so that it is at least partially formed on the optoelectronic component such that the optoelectronic component is in contact with the optical component. Particularly preferably, the optical component encloses the optoelectronic component at least partially positively.

In a further embodiment of the method, an optoelectronic component is encapsulated by an optical component, wherein the optoelectronic component is arranged on a substrate and the optical component is arranged above the optoelectronic component such that the optoelectronic component is enclosed by the substrate and the optical component , Thus, the optical component can also be part of an encapsulation of an optoelectronic component.

In a further embodiment of the method, an optoelectronic component is mounted on a substrate during the Curing the hybrid material or the precursor at least partially enclosed by this. In this case, the hybrid material or the precursor can be at least partially or completely cured.

In a further embodiment of the method, the optoelectronic component is mounted on a substrate in the cavity of the molding tool such that the hybrid material or the precursor is at least partially molded onto the optoelectronic component during injection into the cavity. In this case, the hybrid material or the precursor completely or at least partially enclose the optoelectronic component and the substrate. A suitable geometry of the substrate may prove advantageous when the cured hybrid material has a low hardness. In particular, the dimensional stability of the optical component can advantageously be influenced, in particular increased approximately.

In a further embodiment of the method, a radiation-emitting optoelectronic component is used as an optoelectronic component. This is preferably a radiation-emitting semiconductor chip z. B. a luminescence diode chip such as a light-emitting diode chip, a semiconductor chip, a thin-film light-emitting diode chip, or an organic, electroluminescent LED chip (OLED).

A thin-film light-emitting diode chip is distinguished, in particular, by the following characteristic features: on a first main surface of a radiation-generating epitaxial layer sequence which faces toward a carrier element, a reflective layer is applied or formed which forms at least part of the epitaxial layer sequence generated electromagnetic radiation reflected back into this; the epitaxial layer sequence has a thickness in the range of 20 μm or less, in particular in the range of 10 μm; and the epitaxial layer sequence contains at least one semiconductor layer with at least one surface which has a mixing structure which, in the ideal case, leads to an approximately ergodic distribution of the light in the epitaxial epitaxial layer sequence, ie it has as ergodically stochastic scattering behavior as possible.

A basic principle of a thin-film light-emitting diode chip is described, for example, in I. Schnitzer et al. , Appl. Phys. Lett. 63 (16), 18 October 1993, 2174 - 2176, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

In principle, OLEDs consist of electroluminescent organic layers, which are arranged between two electrodes. When an electric potential is applied to the electrodes, light is emitted due to recombinations between electrons and "holes" injected into the organic layers.

In a further embodiment of the method, a radiation-receiving optoelectronic component is used as an optoelectronic component, for example a photodiode, a phototransistor or a photo IC.

In a further embodiment of the method, a radiation-emitting semiconductor chip is used as the optoelectronic component, which in operation irradiates radiation with a white light. lenlänge from a wavelength range from ultraviolet to green can send out. Preferably, a radiation-emitting semiconductor chip is used, which can emit radiation in the blue wavelength range during operation.

Furthermore, the optoelectronic component can be arranged on a substrate, wherein the substrate has a leadframe, a printed circuit board, a flexmatarialbased design or a ceramic-based design.

Furthermore, at least parts of the substrate and / or of the optoelectronic component that are in contact with the hybrid material or the precursor may be coated with a material that is suitable for adhesion between the substrate and / or the optoelectronic component and the hybrid material or to improve the precursor. Preferably, the material comprises a silicate, wherein in particular by flame pyrolysis of an organosilicon compound, a thin, very dense and firmly adhering silicate layer is applied to the substrate. The silicate layer has a high surface energy and is therefore particularly suitable for increasing the adhesion of the hybrid material or the precursor to the substrate. This embodiment of the method is particularly advantageous if the optical component has no mechanical anchoring to the substrate or the optoelectronic component, but adheres only to the substrate and / or to the electronic component.

Furthermore, adhesion between the substrate and / or the optoelectronic component and the hybrid material or the precursor can be increased by a plasma pretreatment of the substrate and / or of the optoelectronic component. Furthermore, the cavity of the mold can be formed such that in a molding process, a plurality of optical components is produced. In this case, the plurality of optical components is produced in one piece, that is to say in such a way that the optical components after the forming process are connected at least in some areas. The production of a plurality of optical components in a cavity facilitates the manufacturing process such that only one cavity has to be evacuated during the molding process. Such evacuation can take place via a common opening in the cavity for several or all regions of the cavity in which an optical component is formed. Likewise, the filling, that is to say, for example, the injection of the molding compound into the cavity can take place via a common sprue system for several or all regions in which an optical component is formed. This can be particularly advantageous if the optical components have a very small size, since a single cavity, in which only one optical component can be formed, must also have an opening for evacuating the cavity and a gating system.

In a further embodiment of the method, the cavity is shaped such that the plurality of optical components is arranged in a row next to each other.

In a further embodiment of the method, the cavity is shaped such that the plurality of optical components is arranged flat, that is, that the optical components are arranged side by side in a plane.

In a further embodiment of the method, a plurality of components, which have been formed in a common cavity, are separated after the molding process. The Separation can be done by cutting, sawing, scribing, breaking, grinding, laser cutting or combinations thereof. It may be advantageous if the cavity between the areas in which the optical components are formed, has areas in which connection areas between the optical components are formed, in which the separation can be made. Such connection regions can advantageously be made thinner than the optical components and can have predetermined breaking points, for example.

In a further embodiment of the method, a plurality of optoelectronic components are mounted in a common cavity. As a result, the plurality of optoelectronic components can be formed and / or encapsulated by forming the plurality of optical components in a common molding process.

In a further embodiment of the method, each optoelectronic component is mounted on a separate substrate, and the plurality of substrates with optoelectronic components is mounted in the cavity of the mold prior to the molding process.

In a further embodiment of the method, a plurality of optoelectronic components are mounted on a common substrate, and the common substrate with the plurality of optoelectronic semiconductor components is mounted in the cavity of the mold prior to the molding process.

The subject of an embodiment of the invention is also an optical component obtainable by a method according to the invention. In a further embodiment, the optical component is in the beam path of an electromagnetic radiation. In particular, at least parts of the optical component are located in the beam path of an electromagnetic radiation. The electromagnetic radiation can be emitted by a radiation-emitting component. In particular, the optical component has at least regions in which the optical component is at least partially transparent to the electromagnetic radiation. The transparency is preferably designed so that a reduction in the intensity of the radiation transmitted through the optical component can be reduced by the reflection or absorption process in the optical component or at the interfaces of the optical component.

Furthermore, in one embodiment, the optical component has at least one first surface, into which the electromagnetic radiation enters and which is referred to as the entry surface. Furthermore, the optical component has at least one second surface from which the electromagnetic radiation exits again after propagation through at least individual regions of the optical component and which is referred to as the exit surface. In this case, the entry surface and the exit surface of the optical component can be arbitrarily shaped and arbitrarily oriented towards each other. In addition, the electromagnetic radiation entering the optical component and the electromagnetic radiation emerging from the optical component may differ in their properties, for example with regard to intensity, direction, wavelength, polarization and coherence length. In a further embodiment of the optical component, the optical component is in particular a radiation-diffractive optical component, a radiation-refractive optical component, a reflector, a wavelength converter, a housing, a part of a housing, an encapsulation, a part of an encapsulation or a combination thereof ,

In a further embodiment of the optical component, the radiation-refractive optical component is a lens, in particular a spherical lens, an aspherical lens, a cylindrical lens or a Fresnel lens.

The subject of an embodiment of the invention is also an arrangement which comprises an optical component obtainable by a method according to the invention and an optoelectronic component. In particular, the optical component is arranged above an optoelectronic component such that at least part of the optical component is located in the beam path of the optoelectronic component. In this case, the optical component has a shape such that it at least partially encloses the optoelectronic component. In particular, the optical component can thereby at least partially encapsulate the optoelectronic component. The optoelectronic component can be arranged on a substrate, wherein the optical component can be formed such that it encloses at least a part of the substrate.

In a further embodiment of the arrangement, the arrangement has a shape such that it can be surface-mounted. Further advantages, preferred embodiments and further developments of the invention will become apparent below in connection with the exemplary embodiments explained in FIGS. 1 to 8.

Show it:

FIG. 1, a schematic representation of a radiation-emitting semiconductor component with an optical component according to the invention,

FIG. 2, another schematic representation of a radiation-emitting semiconductor component of the invention,

FIGS. 3a and 3b show further schematic representations of radiation-emitting semiconductor components according to the invention,

FIGS. 4a and 4b, further schematic representations of radiation-emitting semiconductor components according to the invention,

FIG. 5, a further schematic representation of a radiation-emitting semiconductor component,

FIG. 6, another schematic representation of an arrangement with an optical component,

FIGS. 7a to Ie, further schematic representations of a production method of an arrangement with an optical component,

Figure 8, another schematic representation of an arrangement with an optical component.

In the exemplary embodiments and figures, identical or identically acting components are each provided with the same reference numerals. The illustrated elements and their proportions with each other are not in principle To scale to look at, rather, individual elements for better presentation and / or better understanding may be shown exaggerated large dimensions.

In an exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, an optical component 1 produced by a method according to the invention is arranged on a semiconductor chip 2, which is mounted on a substrate 3. The optical component 1 is a so-called parabolic concentrator (CPC).

However, embodiments of the invention also include optical components such as lenses, diffractive optics, reflectors, or in general all types of optical components.

By producing the optical components in a method according to the invention, it is possible to use silicone resins for the production of all common optical components. The method according to the invention offers the possibility of producing optical components which combine the advantages of the aging stability of silicone resins with a significantly improved dimensional stability.

The exemplary embodiment of a radiation-emitting semiconductor component shown in FIG. 1 is a so-called chip-on-board assembly (COB).

The semiconductor chip 2 may be a conventional light-emitting diode chip or else a thin-film light-emitting diode chip. The optical component 1 can take on several functions. It can serve for beam shaping, but also for converting the emission spectrum of the semiconductor chip. For this purpose, the shape Mass of the optical component 1, a so-called conversion substance admixed. The conversion substance may be a phosphor pigment powder which converts, for example, a certain proportion of short-wave light into longer-wave radiation, so that the impression of a multicolored light source, in particular of a white light source, is produced.

Other optical components may be elliptical (compound elliptic concentrator, CEC) or hyperbolic concentrators (compound hyperbolic concentrator, CHC). These components may be provided with reflective side walls. The light entry and light exit surfaces of the concentrators can have any desired geometric shapes, in particular ellipses, circles, squares and polygons of regular and irregular nature.

Preferably, the concentrator is arranged downstream of the semiconductor chip and its main emission direction, i. it is located in the optical path of the semiconductor chip.

The semiconductor chip 2 may additionally be surrounded by a frame on or in which the optical component 1 is attached. The frame can fix the optical component 1 and / or adjust it relative to the chip outcoupling surface.

FIG. 2 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a radiation-emitting semiconductor component according to the invention. In the semiconductor device, a semiconductor chip 2 is disposed on a substrate 3. The semiconductor chip 2 is followed by an optical component 12 according to the invention. The optical component 12 is an optical system which is similar in its effect to a CPC optic. It has comparable efficiency and stands out through a simplified production. The desired optical properties are achieved by straight side surfaces in combination with a curved exit surface. The exemplary embodiment in FIG. 2, like the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1, also relates to a so-called chip-on-board unit.

FIG. 3 shows, in the two image parts a and b, schematic illustrations of two embodiments of radiation-emitting semiconductor components according to the invention. The two image parts a and b have in common that a semiconductor chip 2 is arranged within a preformed housing 4 and surrounded by an overmolded region 5. The encapsulation of the region 5 can be carried out by a method according to the invention. Above the overmolded region 5, an optic 8 or 81 is arranged. The optics 8 or 81 can be produced in a method step according to the invention together with the overmolded area 5 or can be produced separately by a method according to the invention and then arranged on the overmolded area 5. Possible examples of optics 8 and 81 are Fresnel lenses, spherical lenses, aspherical lenses or diffractive optics.

FIG. 4 shows in the image parts a and b two further preferred embodiments of radiation-emitting semiconductor components according to the invention. In the production, a semiconductor chip 2, which is arranged on a lead frame 6, surrounded in a transfer molding process with injection molding compound and there is a molded package 7. This technique is already known, for example, Osram sells products according to this technique among the Trade names SmartLED or Firefly. So far, this manufacturing method for silicone-free resins could be applied. The inventive method allows the use of silicone resins in this area. An optic 82 or 83 can be arranged on the injection-molded housing 7. This optics 82 and 83 can either be produced together with the injection-molded housing 7 in a transfer molding process, or else produced separately in a method according to the invention and then arranged on the injection-molded housing 7. The mixture of silicone resins with epoxy resins to hybrid materials allows high dimensional stability and good adhesion of the molding compound to the lead frame 6 or the substrate. The free connection of the lead frame 6 is electrically connected to the chip 2 by means of the contacting 13. The other electrical contact is at the chip bottom.

Both the injection-molded housing 7 and the optics 82 and 83 may contain conversion or phosphors.

The lead frame 6 may also have an S-shaped bend to form a surface-mountable, radiation-emitting semiconductor device.

Image part a in FIG. 4 shows an embodiment with a diffractive optic and image part b in FIG. 4 an embodiment with a spherical lens.

FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of a radiation-emitting semiconductor component according to the invention. In this embodiment, it is a so-called power design, while a semiconductor chip 2 is arranged on a base package 9. The semiconductor chip 2 is provided with an encapsulation 10, which is followed by an optical system 11. In a power design, the encapsulation 10 of the semiconductor chip 2 is a high radiation input. intensity. For this reason, it is important to use an aging-resistant or radiation-resistant material for the overmoulding 10. Therefore, the encapsulation 10 advantageously consists of a molding compound with a high proportion of silicone resin. Silicone resin meets the requirements for aging and radiation stability. The lack of dimensional stability of the silicone resin is compensated in this embodiment by Nachorder a dimensionally stable optics 11. The optic 11 therefore surrounds the encapsulation 10 and ensures its dimensional stability. Since the optic 11 itself has a proportion of silicone resins, their aging stability and radiation resistance is also increased and there is a good connection between the optic 11 and the encapsulation 10.

Since the encapsulation 10 of silicone resin and the optics 11 can be formed of the silicone / epoxy resin hybrid material, the difference in the refractive indices of the encapsulation and the optics is reduced in this embodiment.

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 6, an optical component 21 made from an intermediate product is shaped by means of a method according to the invention in a transfer molding process in such a way that it encloses an optoelectronic component 2 which is arranged on a leadframe 6. The S-shaped bends of the lead frame 6, which are enclosed by the optical component 21, result in a mechanical anchoring of the lead frame 6 with the optical component 21. The arrangement forms a surface-mountable component.

The precursor may be subjected to an internal molding prior to molding to the optical device 21 in the transfer molding process. be added separating agent, resulting in a simplified demolding after the molding process.

The optical component has, for example, a length of approximately 1.3 mm +/- 0.1 mm, a width of approximately 0.8 mm +/- 0, 1 mm and a height of approximately 0.3 mm +/- 0, 1 mm up. Alternatively, for example, the optical component has a length of about 1.7 mm +/- 0.1 mm, a width of about 0.8 mm +/- 0.1 mm and a height of about 0.65 +/- 0, 05 mm up. The optical component can also, for example, have chamfers on the side surfaces 22, 23 with angles 31, 32 to a vertical 30 of 5 to 7 degrees. The chamfers, for example, facilitate removal from the mold after the transfer molding process. Alternatively, the angles can be 0 degrees.

The optoelectronic component is an LED chip, which is contacted by the side facing away from the substrate by means of a bonding wire 13. For example, it is an InGaN-based LED chip having an emission maximum at 470 nm. By adding a wavelength conversion substance to the hybrid material or to the precursor, for example based on YAG: Ce, a cold to warm white light impression can be obtained. In particular, the radiation emerging from the optical component of the arrangement can have, for example, a white color impression with the chromaticity coordinates x = 0.30, y = 0.28 according to CIE 1931. Alternatively, the radiation emerging from the optical component of the arrangement, for example, a white color impression with the chromaticity coordinates x = 0, 32, y = 0.31 according to CIE 1931 on.

Alternatively, no wavelength conversion substance is added to the hybrid material or the precursor. It shows the The radiation exiting the optical component, for example, the blue radiation emitted by the LED chip at 470 nm. Furthermore, the arrangement, for example, a radiation angle in the range of 130 to 170 degrees on the side remote from the substrate side of the optical component.

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 7a to 7d, an optical component is arranged above a substrate with optoelectronic components within a method according to the invention.

Here, FIG. 7 a shows a substrate 6 on which a plurality of optoelectronic components 2 are arranged in a cell-shaped manner next to each other along a direction 100. The substrate 6 is, for example, a lead frame. The optoelectronic components 2 are LED chips which are regularly spaced on the lead frame 6, for example at a distance 101 of 0.6 mm. For example, the light-emitting diodes have an edge length 102 in the row direction 100 of less than about 0.4 mm. The number of arranged LED chips on a substrate may be dependent on the mold used and may be 26, for example (not shown). For example, the leadframe has a width of about 2.3 mm perpendicular to the row direction 100.

In a further method step according to FIG. 7b, the lead frame 6 with the light emitting diodes 2 is mounted in a cavity 40 of a transfer molding tool. The transfer molding tool has, for example, at least two parts 41, 42, which enclose the cavity 40. The cavity has the shape of the optical component to be formed, in particular also regions 43 which, on the side facing away from the substrate 6 Cavity above the LED chips 2 are arranged. The regions 43 are formed, for example, in the shape of a longitudinally cut cylinder and have, for example, a radius of about 0.225 mm. Via a sprue system 45, a liquefied intermediate product is introduced into the cavity 40. The precursor is at least partially cured in the cavity 40, advantageously, the precursor is cured to a cured hybrid material, wherein the optical component is formed. The precursor contains an internal mold release agent. The internal mold release agent facilitates the removal of the optical component from the parts 41, 42 of the transfer molding tool after curing.

By opening the transfer molding tool on the connecting surface 44 between the parts 41, 42 of the transfer molding tool, the arrangement of the optical component 21, which is the lead frame 6 with the LED chips 2 according to Figure 7c formed, removed after curing of the hybrid material or Vorpordukts become. In this case, the arrangement has areas 51, in which no LED chip 2 is located, and area 54, in each of which an LED chip is located. In this case, the optical component 21 has regions 50 according to the shape of a cylinder cut lengthwise in the regions 54 of the arrangement on the side facing away from the substrate above the LEDs 2. In the areas 51, a separation of the areas 54 can be carried out. By separating each area receives 54 side surfaces 52. For example, a separation by sawing in the areas 51 are made with a saw width of 0.2 mm.

By separating result from the isolated areas 54 arrangements according to the figures 7d and 7e, the one LED chip 2 on a lead frame 6 umformt having an optical component 21. Figure 7d shows a front view of the arrangement, Figure 7e is a side view. For example, the assembly has a footprint of about 0.4 mm by 2.3 mm and a height of about 0.5 to 0.7 mm. The optical member has side surfaces 52 formed by the dicing and a curved portion 50 in the form of a longitudinally cut cylinder. By means of the curved region 50, for example, the improved coupling-out or focusing of the radiation generated by the LED chip 2 can be achieved.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 8, an optical component 21 is formed on a substrate 60 with an LED chip 2. The substrate 2 is a printed circuit board (pcb). The optical device may be molded to the substrate 60 and the LED chip by a transfer molding method using a foil for facilitated molding. The molding of the optical component can take place on a printed circuit board with a plurality of LED chips. To improve the adhesion of the optical component 21 to the surface 61 of the printed circuit board 60, the surface can be pretreated before the transfer molding process by means of flame silicate. After the molding of the optical component, the arrangement can be singulated into arrangements which have an optical component molded onto a printed circuit board with an LED chip. After separation, the optical component has, for example, a length of 1.1 mm to 1.3 mm, a width of 0.55 mm to 0.65 mm and a height of 0.3 mm to 0.7 mm.

For example, the LED chip is an InGaN-based LED chip, which has an emission maximum at 470 nm having. By admixing a wavelength conversion substance to the hybrid material or to the precursor, for example based on YAG: Ce, the radiation emerging from the optical component of the arrangement can for example have a white color impression with the chromaticity coordinates x = 0.30, y = 0.28 according to CIE 1931 with a luminous intensity of 200 med. In this case, the LED chip can be selected so that the radiation emission is parallel to the surface 61.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 9, measurements are shown for the aging stability of some materials for optical components. For this purpose, the light intensity of a laser beam with a wavelength of 405 nm, a beam diameter of 20 micrometers and an output power of 25 mW after transmission through optical components with a thickness of 1 mm was measured by means of a photodetector. On the horizontal axis of the graph the time is plotted in minutes, on the vertical axis the measured transmitted light intensity in units of the photocurrent. For the measurements 91, 92 optical components with commercial epoxy resins were used, while for the measurements 93, 94, 95 optical components, which were made of a hybrid material according to the invention were used. As a result of the action of radiation by the laser, continuous aging occurs, for example in the form of yellowing of the optical components, which is reflected in a lower transmitted light intensity. A completely transparent optical device was assumed to have a light intensity of 300 microamps, a complete yellowing for a light intensity of less than 50 microamps. The optical components according to the measurements 93, 94, 95 show an approximately two orders of magnitude greater aging stability with regard to radiation-induced aging than the optical components according to the measurements 91, 92

Claims

claims

1. A method for producing an optical component using an injection molding process, characterized in that a silicone resin is used as a molding compound having a viscosity of 4.5 to 20 Pas.

2. A process for producing an optical component according to claim 1, characterized in that a process temperature between 130 and 18O ⁰ C is applied.

3. A method for producing an optical component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that

Spraying pressures between 50 and 100 bar are spent.

4. A process for producing an optical component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the molding composition contains an admixture for demolding or separation, in particular as wax-based materials or metal soaps with long-chain carboxylic acids.

5. A process for producing an optical component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the molding composition contains at least one conversion substance, wherein the conversion material contains an organic or inorganic phosphor or a mixture thereof.

6. A method for producing an optical component according to one of the preceding claims,

^{Characterized} in that the molding composition contains at least one conversion substance, wherein the conversion substance YAG: Ce, TAG: Ce, TbYAG: Ce, GdYAG: Ce or GdTbYAG: Ce or a mixture formed from it.

7. A method for producing an optical component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the molding compound fillers are added to increase the refractive index, wherein the fillers glass particles, TiC ^, ZrC> 2, αAl ₂ θ ₃ , other metal oxides and / or a non-oxide comprising gallium nitride.

8. A method for producing an optical component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the method, the cycle times between 30 seconds and 2

Minutes are.

9. Optical component, characterized in that it is produced by a method of claims 1 to 8.

10. A method for producing a radiation-emitting semiconductor component, characterized in that are used in a transfer molding epoxy resins with a viscosity of 4 to 35 Pa s or silicone resins with an admixture of epoxy resins between 30 and 80% and a viscosity between 0.9 and 12 Pas ,

11. A method for producing a radiation-emitting semiconductor component according to claim 10, characterized in that the process temperature is between 130 and 180 ° C.

12. A method for producing a radiation-emitting semiconductor component according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the injection pressures in the process are between 50 and 100 bar.

13. A method for producing a radiation-emitting semiconductor component according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the molding compound is admixed for demolding or separation such as wax-based materials, metal soap with long-chain carboxylic acids.

14. A method for producing a radiation-emitting semiconductor component according to one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the molding composition contains at least one conversion substance, wherein the conversion substance contains an organic or inorganic phosphor or a mixture thereof.

15. A method for producing a radiation-emitting semiconductor component according to one of claims 10 to 14, characterized in that the molding composition comprises at least one phosphor, wherein the phosphor YAG: Ce, TAG: Ce, TbYAG: Ce, GdYAG: Ce, GdTbYAG: Ce or is a mixture formed therefrom.

16. A method for producing a radiation-emitting semiconductor component according to one of claims 10 to 15, characterized in that the molding compound fillers are added to increase the refractive index, wherein the fillers glass particles, TiO ₂ , ZrC> 2, CÜAI ₂ O ₃ , other metal oxides and or a non-oxide comprising gallium nitride.

17. A method for producing a radiation-emitting semiconductor component according to one of claims 10 to 16, characterized in that in the method, the cycle times are between 2 minutes and 8 minutes.

18. A method for producing a radiation-emitting semiconductor component according to one of claims 10 to 16, characterized in that the curing times are between 3 minutes and 5 minutes.

19. Radiation-emitting component manufactured by a method according to one of claims 10 to 18.

20. Radiation-emitting component, characterized in that an optical component according to claim 9 is arranged downstream of an opto-electric semiconductor.

21. Radiation-emitting component, characterized in that an optoelectronic semiconductor component, an optical component according to claim 9 is arranged downstream.

22. Radiation-emitting semiconductor component, characterized in that in a premolded LED package an encapsulation of the semiconductor chip takes place according to one of the methods 10 to 18.

23. Ξtrahlungsemittierendes semiconductor device according to claim 22, characterized in that the encapsulation is an optical component naσhordnet.

24. Radiation-emitting semiconductor component, characterized in that the semiconductor chip is encapsulated on a base package with a silicone resin mixture according to one of the methods 10 to 18.

25. Radiation-emitting semiconductor component according to claim 24, characterized in that the encapsulation is followed by an optical component according to one of the methods 1 to 8.

26. Radiation-emitting semiconductor component according to claim 25, characterized in that the silicone mixture of the encapsulation has a higher viscosity than the silicone mixture of the optical component.

27. A method of manufacturing an optical device, wherein the optical device is made of a material comprising a hybrid material, wherein the hybrid material

- Has as the first component at least one siloxane group-containing compound and - has as a second component compounds whose functional groups are selected from epoxide groups, imide groups and acrylate groups.

28. The method of claim 27, wherein the device is formed from the hybrid material.

29. The method of claim 27 or 28, wherein a hybrid material is used having as first and second component monomers, which are processed to a Copσlymer.

30. The method of claim 27 or 28, wherein a hybrid material is used which has as first and second component polymers and is processed to a polymer mixture.

31. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second component additionally comprises siloxane groups.

32. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the hybrid material has a siloxane content between 10 and 90% by weight.

33. The method according to the preceding claim, wherein the hybrid material has a siloxane content between 40 and 60 wt%.

34. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the hybrid material at room temperature has a viscosity in the range of 0.5 to 200 Pa s.

35. The method of the preceding claim, wherein the hybrid material is precured to a precursor, wherein the precursor is solid at room temperature.

36. The method according to the preceding claim, wherein the precursor is crushed.

37. The method according to the preceding claim, wherein the comminuted precursor is brought into a mold.

38. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the optical component of the hybrid material or the precursor is formed as a shaped body.

39. The method according to the preceding claim, wherein the shaped body is formed by a method which is selected from compression molding, transfer molding and injection molding.

40. The method according to any one of claims 38 or 39, wherein the shaped body is formed in a cavity of a mold.

41. The method according to any one of claims 38 to 40, wherein the precursor is processed in a transfer molding process.

42. The method according to any one of claims 38 to 41, wherein the precursor has a viscosity in the range of 1 mPa s to 30 Pa s at 15O ⁰ C.

43. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the hybrid material or the precursor is processed by curing to a cured hybrid material.

44. The method of the preceding claim, wherein the hybrid material has cure times of less than 5 minutes.

45. The method according to any one of claims 43 or 44, wherein the cured hybrid material has a hardness of more than 60 Shore D.

46. The method according to any one of the preceding claims for producing an optical component, wherein the optical Component is made of a material comprising a hybrid material, wherein the method comprises the following steps:

A) converting a precursor obtained from the hybrid material by means of precuring into a liquid or doughy state,

B) introducing the precursor from the process step A) into a cavity of a mold, wherein the cavity has a certain shape, and

C) curing the precursor to a solid hybrid material, wherein the optical component is produced with a shape largely corresponding to the shape of the cavity.

47. Method according to the preceding claim, with the additional method steps to be carried out before method step A):

Al) precuring the hybrid material to a precursor solid at room temperature,

A2) crushing the solid precursor to a powdered or granular state, and

A3) Transferring the shredded precursor into a compact

Shape.

48. The method of claim 40 or 46, wherein at least partially on the surface of the cavity of the mold prior to the molding process, a film is attached.

49. The method of claim 48, wherein the film avoids wetting of the surface of the cavity by the hybrid material or the precursor.

50. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the hybrid material or the precursor an internal mold release agent is added.

51. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a wavelength conversion substance is added to the hybrid material or the precursor, the wavelength conversion substance having YAG: Ce, TAG: Ce, TbYAG: Ce, GdYAG: Ce, GdTbY-AG: Ce, nitrides or silicates or a mixture formed therefrom.

52. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the material to increase the refractive index is added to the hybrid material or the precursor, wherein the material is chemically bonded to the hybrid material, as oxide, as particles or as a combination thereof.

53. The method of claim 52, wherein the refractive index increasing material has titanium, zirconium and / or sulfur chemically bound to the hybrid material or to the precursor.

54. The method of claim 52, wherein an oxide selected from the group consisting of TiO ₂ , ZrO ₂ and CuAl ₂ O ₃ is added to the refractive index increasing material and / or a graft oxide is added which includes gallium nitride.

55. The method of claim 54, wherein the material to increase the refractive index glass particles are added.

56. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one optoelectronic component is encapsulated on a substrate by the optical component.

57. The method according to any one of claims 43 to 56, wherein during the curing of the hybrid material or the precursor an optoelectronic device is at least partially enclosed on a substrate.

58. The method of claim 57, wherein the optoelectronic component is arranged on a substrate in the cavity of the mold.

59. The method according to any one of claims 56 to 58, wherein a radiation-emitting semiconductor chip is used as optoelectronic component.

60. The method of claim 59, wherein a radiation-emitting semiconductor chip is used, which can emit radiation during operation, wherein the radiation has a wavelength in the ultraviolet to green wavelength range.

61. The method of claim 56, further comprising using a substrate comprising a lead frame, a printed circuit board, a flexmaterial-based design, or a ceramic-based design.

62. Method according to claim 56, wherein before the molding process at least parts of the substrate and / or of the optoelectronic component are coated with a material which is suitable for increasing the adhesion to the hybrid material or to the precursor.

63. The method of claim 62, wherein the material comprises a silicate.

64. The method according to claim 62 or 63, wherein the coating takes place by means of flame silicating.

65. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a plurality of optical components is produced and the plurality of optical components is then separated.

66. The method of claim 65, wherein the singulation is done by cutting, sawing, scribing, breaking and / or grinding.

67. Optical component which can be produced by a method according to one of the preceding claims.

68. The optical component according to claim 67, wherein the optical component is a radiation diffractive optical component, a radiation refractive optical component, a reflector, a wavelength converter, a housing, a part of a housing, an encapsulation, a part of an encapsulation or a combination thereof.

69. The optical component according to claim 68, wherein the radiation-refractive optical component is a spherical lens, an aspherical lens, a cylindrical lens or a Fresnel lens.

70. Arrangement comprising

- An optical device obtainable by a method according to claims 27 to 66, and

- An opto-electronic device.

71. Arrangement according to claim 70, wherein the optical component at least partially surrounds the optoelectronic component.

72. Arrangement according to claim 70 or 71, wherein the arrangement is surface mountable.