EP1727940B1 - Tamping device - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a soil compacting device, in particular a vibrating plate.

There are steerable and non-steerable vibrating plates known that can be hand-held or remotely controlled. Usually, the vibrating plates have an upper mass, the u. a. a drive, for. As a motor includes, as well as coupled to the upper mass and oscillating relative to the upper mass lower mass. The lower mass consists essentially of a ground contact plate on which a vibration exciter is mounted. The vibration exciter is driven by the drive of the upper mass and has, for example, two unbalanced shafts arranged parallel to one another, which are rotatable relative to one another in a positive-locking manner. The imbalance shafts each carry one or more imbalance masses, so that with positive rotation a resultant force is generated. Depending on the phase position of the imbalance shafts or masses to each other, the direction of the resultant force can be adjusted perpendicular to the axes of the unbalanced shafts according to the desire of the operator. As a result, the vibrating plates can be moved at least in the forward direction (main direction) and backward direction.

Furthermore, vibrating plates are known with which a cornering or rotation on the spot is possible. For this purpose, the imbalance mass is divided into two with respect to their phase position separately movable mass elements on one of the unbalanced shafts of the vibration exciter or disassembled the unbalanced shaft into two partial waves. With different orientation of each resultant in cooperation with the opposite unbalanced unbalanced wave resulting force resulting in a yaw moment about a vertical axis of the vibrating plate, which causes a rotational movement.

Due to the vibrations generated by the vibration exciter and the interaction with the ground, a kind of wobbling motion on the ground is caused for the lower mass, in particular its ground contact plate. The tumbling motion causes the actual soil compaction.

In the case of steerable vibration plates, ie vibratory plates that can rotate or allow cornering, the vibration exciter must perform three tasks at the same time or in succession: on the one hand, a propulsion must be generated in order to move the vibrating plate forward and backward with sufficient speed. Furthermore, a compaction performance is to provide in order to fulfill the actual purpose, namely the soil compaction can. Finally, by the different control of the unbalance right and left of a median plane of the vibrating plate to generate a torque (yaw moment) about the vertical axis of the vibrating plate.

The fulfillment of these three tasks usually requires a compromise, so that none of the tasks can be mastered optimally. Even with vibratory plates, in which only a reversal of direction is possible, the generation of the propulsion is always associated with a loss in the compaction performance. Only at standstill, if no propulsive forces must be generated by the vibration exciter, the compaction performance is optimal. If even the third function, namely the generation of a rotary motion, must be fulfilled by the vibration exciter, the compression capacity can be significantly reduced, which adversely affects the work result and especially on the compression time to be provided.

In the field of soil compaction, however, the performance of compressors is becoming more and more important, in line with the general trend in the construction machinery industry, in order to be able to perform the compaction work in as short a time as possible. Accordingly, the required machines are getting bigger and heavier, so that they are increasingly difficult to operate as a hand-held device.

There are other soil compaction devices are known in which a hydraulic carrier, for. B. an all-terrain towing vehicle, a plurality of hydraulically operating compression plates are attached. The vibratory plates are used exclusively for soil compaction, while the guidance and steering as well as the propulsion are taken over by the towing vehicle. In particular, sloping surfaces can be compacted with such a system, while hand-held or remote-controlled vibrating plates only with great difficulty let lead over oblique surfaces. However, the vehicle-mounted compaction devices have the disadvantage that the wheels often affect the surface of the compacted soil. Furthermore, the vehicles are only economically usable for large areas. Your maneuverability is very limited.

In the GB 805 643 A and DE 864 263 C are shown in each case soil compaction devices in which a plurality of vibrating plates or rammers are combined by links to a larger overall system. Each vibrating plate or each rammer is assigned its own drive.

The invention has for its object to provide a soil compacting device in which any directions of travel, especially any cornering are possible, however, an improved compaction performance can be provided, the soil compacting device over the prior art simplified and constructed with less weight.

According to the invention the object is achieved by a soil compacting device according to claim 1. Advantageous developments of the invention are defined in the dependent claims.

A soil compaction device according to the invention has an upper mass comprising a drive and at least two lower masses coupled to the upper mass and vibrating relative to the upper mass. Each of the sub-masses comprises a ground contact plate and at least one vibration exciter associated with the ground contact plate.

By providing at least two (sub-) sub-masses coupled to the upper mass independently of one another for an upper mass, it is possible that each of the sub-masses only has to fulfill a maximum of two functions simultaneously. While in the above-described prior art vibrating plates were steerable only when the lower masses with their vibration exciters had to perform three functions (propulsion, yaw moment, compression), which led to the described disadvantages, in particular with regard to a reduced compaction performance, it is possible according to the invention To be matched in such a way that each of the sub-masses only two functions, eg. B. propulsion and compression must meet. Already by different setting of the propulsion z. B. generates a torque about the vertical axis of the upper mass and the entire Ground compaction device are steered. Accordingly, z. B. one of the lower masses provide their full compaction performance, while only the other lower mass should generate a certain propulsive force.

Depending on the embodiment of the invention, more than two sub-masses can be coupled with a common upper mass. It is possible that the vibration exciters are directed differently, d. h. that the vibration exciters are able to produce resultant force vectors whose horizontal components are directed in different directions. Thus, the prerequisite can already be created by the arrangement of the vibration exciter, to generate a yaw moment about the vertical axis and thus to achieve the desired steerability of the soil compaction device.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a resultant propulsion force can be generated in at least one of the vibration exciters in a propulsion direction. As a result, the soil compacting device can be reliably moved in a simple manner in the advancing direction (main direction). The other vibration exciters can then be arranged in such a way that their propulsion force is in a different direction than the main direction.

Particularly suitable as vibration exciters are the so-called "two-wave" exciters already described above in connection with the prior art, in which two imbalance shafts rotating in opposite directions are arranged parallel to one another. In a modification, however, the unbalance shafts z. B. at an angle to each other. The angle can - starting from the known per se parallel arrangement of imbalance waves - correspond to an acute angle. However, the angle can also be chosen larger, so that z. B. a right-angle arrangement or an obtuse-angled arrangement is conceivable. Finally, it is also possible to set an angle of 180 degrees between the two shafts, wherein such a vibration generator then works in the manner of a known towing oscillator. A towing vibrator with only one imbalance wave (single-wave exciter) can also be used as a vibration exciter.

Unless the imbalance shafts of the vibration exciters are arranged parallel to each other, the above definition of an "opposite" rotation of the imbalance shafts is to be understood in that the imbalance waves in question, if they from their actual angular position out in a mental parallel position are pivoted to each other, then rotate in the fictitious parallel position in opposite directions. The respectively suitable vibration exciter and the suitable arrangement of the imbalance shafts can be selected appropriately by the person skilled in the art.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, at least one of the vibration exciters is arranged such that the horizontal component of the resulting force vector, which results from the counter-rotating unbalanced shafts, is not in or opposite to the main direction. The main direction is the direction of travel of the soil compaction device, which is usually achieved in straight forward travel. The non-main directional vibration exciter makes it possible to generate lateral forces that cause a very fast rotation of the soil compacting device about the vertical axis. If no rotation is desired, the phase position of the unbalanced shafts of this vibrator should be adjusted so that the resulting force vector has no horizontal component, but only a vertical component. Then the vibration exciter does not contribute to the steering of the soil compacting device and only generates vibrations for soil compaction, so that a particularly good compaction performance can be achieved.

In another embodiment of the invention, none of the vibration exciters is arranged such that the horizontal component of the resultant force vector is in or opposite to a main direction. Thus, all the vibration exciters are at a certain angle to the main direction. By appropriate coordination of the force effect of the vibration exciter can still be ensured that the entire soil compacting device can be moved in the main direction.

This embodiment of the invention can be used particularly advantageously also for the compression of oblique or inclined surfaces, where a drift tendency of the soil compaction device is enhanced by the gravitational effect. By appropriately inclined vibration exciter compensating forces can be generated, which hold the soil compacting device on the sloping ground.

Advantageously, the upper mass has a central control for driving the vibration exciter. The vibration exciters can be controlled in a simple embodiment in their entirety by the central control.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, however, it is possible to control the vibration exciter individually by the controller. A corresponding control logic facilitates the operation, so that the operator z. B. only his direction of travel wishes (eg., Via a joystick) can enter and the control logic controls the various vibration exciters such that the soil compaction device moves in the desired direction, at the same time a maximum compression effect is achieved.

In order to obtain the greatest possible variability of the control options, the control is designed for the individual setting of different rotational speeds of the imbalance shafts in the various vibration exciters. This makes it possible to set a separate oscillation frequency for each vibration exciter. Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the controller can individually control the phase adjustment devices provided on the individual vibration exciter for the individual adjustment of the relative phase position of the respective imbalance shafts.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, only a portion of the lower masses on a vibration exciter with Phaseneinstelleinrichtung, while at least one other lower mass has only one vibration exciter without Phaseneinstelleinrichtung. The latter vibrator then generates forces that can be used exclusively for soil compaction, but not for propulsion or for steering the soil compacting device. Furthermore, it can be built particularly simple because of the lack of phase adjustment. In combination with at least one other oscillation exciter with phase adjustment device, a soil compacting device can be realized which, despite good controllability, provides excellent compaction performance.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the ground contact plates the various imbalance masses arranged offset from one another such that the traces of the soil contact plates in a movement of the soil compacting device in at least one main direction of travel overlap at least partially. When the soil compacting device is moved in the relevant main driving direction, the ground contact plates thus produce traces (contact surfaces) on the substrate to be compacted, which partially overlap. This ensures that the soil compaction device pulls a uniform (total) track on the ground. Between the areas compacted by the individual ground contact plates there are no areas which are not run over by at least one ground contact plate. Thus, the soil compacting device according to the invention achieves the same effect as a soil compaction device with only one lower mass, on which a very large ground contact plate is provided.

Fig. 1

eine schematische Perspektivansicht einer ersten Ausführungsform der Erfindung;

Fig. 2

eine Perspektivansicht einer zweiten Ausführungsform der Erfindung;

Fig. 3

eine schematische Draufsicht auf Untermassen bei einer dritten Ausführungsform der Erfindung;

Fig. 4

eine schematische Draufsicht auf Untermassen bei einer vierten Ausführungsform der Erfindung;

Fig. 5

eine schematische Draufsicht auf Untermassen bei einer fünften Ausführungsform der Erfindung;

Fig. 6

eine schematische Draufsicht auf Untermassen bei einer sechsten Ausführungsform der Erfindung; und

Fig. 7

eine schematische Draufsicht auf Untermassen bei einer siebten Ausführungsform der Erfindung.

These and other advantages and features of the invention are explained in more detail below by means of examples with the aid of the accompanying figures. Show it:

Fig. 1

a schematic perspective view of a first embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 2

a perspective view of a second embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 3

a schematic plan view of sub-masses in a third embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 4

a schematic plan view of sub-masses in a fourth embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 5

a schematic plan view of sub-masses in a fifth embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 6

a schematic plan view of lower masses in a sixth embodiment of the invention; and

Fig. 7

a schematic plan view of sub-masses in a seventh embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 1 shows a vibrating plate according to the invention as a soil compaction device comprising an upper mass 1 and two lower masses 2a and 2b. The lower masses 2a, 2b are each coupled to the upper mass 1 and swinging relative to this. For this purpose, spring devices 3 are provided between the upper mass 1 and the respective lower masses 2a, 2b, which are known per se, so that a further description is unnecessary. The lower masses 2a, 2b form sub-masses of the upper mass 1 carrying total lower mass.

The sub-masses 2a and 2b are arranged side by side with respect to a main direction A. The main direction A corresponds to the direction in which the vibrating plate moves forward during normal operation.

To guide the vibration plate, a drawbar 4 is attached to the upper mass 1. The drawbar 4 carries operating lever 5, which serve to control the vibrating plate. Instead of the drawbar 4 and the operating lever 5, it is also possible to control the vibrating plate by means of a remote control, not shown.

At least one control lever 5 should be provided for each lower mass 2a, 2b to be controlled in order to ensure an individual controllability of the lower masses 2a and 2b. If even more sub-masses are provided, the number of operating lever 5 is to be increased accordingly. Alternatively, the operating lever 5 also z. B. specify a setpoint for a controller in the manner of a joystick, due to which the individual sub-masses are controlled individually. Then even a reduced number of control levers 5 or even just a control lever 5 is sufficient to control the entire soil compaction device.

Each of the lower masses 2a, 2b has a bottom contact plate 6 and a vibration exciter 7 arranged thereon. Each vibration exciter 7 consists of two mutually parallel unbalanced shafts 8, which are rotatably coupled in opposite directions with each other form-fitting and by a not shown, arranged on the upper mass 1 drive z. B. hydraulically be driven rotating. The basic structure of the vibration exciter 7 has long been known, so that a detailed description is not required.

Each unbalanced shaft 8 carries an imbalance mass, not shown, so that upon rotation of the unbalanced shafts 8, a corresponding centrifugal force is created. Because the two imbalance shafts 8, which are each associated with a vibration exciter 7, rotate in opposite directions, a resultant force arises whose direction can be adjusted by the phase position of the imbalances or imbalance shafts 8. For this purpose, a phase adjustment device, not shown, is provided with which the phase of the two unbalanced shafts 8 can be adjusted to each other in the desired manner.

With the help of the control lever 5 and a hydraulic or electric control, not shown, the Phaseneinstelleinrichtungen the two vibration exciter 7 of the imbalance masses 2a, 2b can be adjusted individually. This makes it possible to vary the resultant forces generated by the vibration exciter 7. If z. B. the resulting forces both have an equal horizontal component in the main direction A, the vibrating plate moves uniformly forward in the direction A. Similarly, the vibrating plate can be moved backwards, against the main direction A, when the horizontal components of the two oscillators 7 with the same amount pointing in the opposite direction. If, however, the phase position of the imbalance shafts 8 is set differently in the case of the two vibration exciters 7, differentially directed resultant forces arise, which accordingly have different horizontal components. As a result, a rotational or yawing moment is produced about a vertical axis Z of the vibration plate, so that a steering of the vibration plate is effected.

As a result of the fact that the two vibration exciters 7 of the sub-masses 2 a and 2 b do not have to have a steering function per se, but only have to achieve a propulsion and a compression effect, both propulsion and compression can be performed with high energy output. The otherwise occurring at steerable vibratory plates weakening the compaction performance is thus avoided.

A ride along a left turn can be z. B. thereby achieve that z. B. the vibration exciter 7 of the right lower mass 2a generates a strong forward-looking resultant force, while the vibration exciter 7 of the left lower mass 2b generates a resultant force that is not quite as much forward or even backward. Accordingly, even a rotation can be achieved on the spot.

Fig. 2 shows a vibrating plate as a second embodiment of the invention. Since the individual components essentially correspond to the first embodiment, the same reference numerals are used and reference is made to those associated with FIG Fig. 1 taken functions described.

Unlike the first embodiment of Fig. 1 In the second embodiment, the lower masses 2a and 2b are arranged one behind the other.

The vibration exciter 7a arranged on the ground contact plate 6 of the front lower mass 2a carries two imbalance shafts 8a, the axis of which is arranged perpendicular to the main direction A. Accordingly, the resultant force generated by the vibration exciter 7a in direction A or opposite to the direction A is adjustable.

In contrast, the rear lower mass 2b carries a vibration exciter 7b, whose unbalanced shafts 8b have axes of rotation which are oriented in the direction of the main direction A. Accordingly, the vibrator 7b generates a resultant force that is normal, that is, vertical. H. transverse to the main direction A, is oriented.

In the operation of the vibrating plate, the front vibrator 7a produces propelling action in the main direction A. Unless the vibrating plate is to be moved straight ahead, the rear vibrator 7b is set to generate vertical vibration without horizontal force component. However, if the vibration plate is to be steered, the phase position of the unbalanced shafts 8b in the vibration exciter 7b is adjusted accordingly, so that a resultant force arises with a correspondingly directed horizontal component. As a result, a torque about the vertical axis Z is effected and steered the vibrating plate accordingly.

Starting from the two examples described, the system according to the invention can be expanded as desired. So it is z. B. conceivable that sub-masses are designed to take over only a compression function. In this case, vibration exciters would be used which have no phase adjustment device and thus generate exclusively resulting forces in the vertical direction, without a horizontal component. The propulsion function would then have to be taken over by one or several other sub-measures.

It is likewise conceivable that a second direction of movement perpendicular to the first direction of movement (eg main direction A) is effected by correspondingly arranged sub-measures. As a result, a transverse or oblique travel with respect to the main direction A is possible instead of or in addition to any cornering. Slanting has advantages especially in the compaction of laterally inclined surfaces, since the gravitational drifting of the vibrating plate can be counteracted. In conjunction with a remote control, the vibration plate can be moved obliquely along the inclined surface without major corrective action and without rotation of the upper mass.

At the in Fig. 2 shown second embodiment, the two vibration exciter 7a and 7b are arranged at an angle of 90 ° to each other. Arrangements are also conceivable in which the angle between the vibration exciters deviates from 90 °. For example, the resultant forces generated by the vibrators may each be set at an angle of 30 or 60 degrees to the main direction A, ie, V-shape. In the first embodiment according to Fig. 1 the angle is 0 °.

Fig. 3 shows a third embodiment of the invention with four sub-bases 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d, each carrying a triangular ground contact plate and a vibration exciter 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d. The vibration exciters 7a and 7c are rectified, while the vibration exciters 7b and 7d are at an angle of 90 ° thereto. Since the entire, consisting of the sub-masses 2a to 2d lower mass has a square outline, accordingly, the upper mass 1 can be formed substantially square basic shape. The resulting vibration plate can be moved equally comfortably in any direction in the plane depending on the control of the vibration exciter 7a to 7d.

Fig. 4 shows a fourth embodiment of the invention, in which four smaller sub-masses 2b to 2e are arranged around a larger partial lower mass 2a. The vibration exciter 7a belonging to the partial lower mass 2a is also stronger than the smaller vibration exciter 7b to 7e. The small vibration exciter 7b to 7e lead z. B. only minor steering corrections, while a significant part of the compression effect is provided by the larger vibration exciter 7a.

In Fig. 5 a fifth embodiment of the invention is shown, which has three sub-bases 2a, 2b and 2c. The vibration exciters 7a and 7c are rectified, while the middle vibration exciter 7b is at an angle of 90 ° thereto.

In the sixth embodiment of the invention according to Fig. 6 are the vibration exciter 7a to 7c in relation to the fifth embodiment, each rotated by 90 °, wherein the vibration exciter 7a and 7c act in the direction of the main direction A. Accordingly, it is not necessary for the central vibrator 7b to generate a resultant horizontal force force. The vibration exciter 7b can thus serve exclusively for compression in this variant. A phase adjustment is then not required in this vibration exciter 7b.

In Fig. 7 A seventh embodiment of the invention is shown, in which the three sub-subassemblies 2a to 2c each have ground contact plates 6a to 6c which form a 120 ° circle cutout. The entire lower mass is thus circular. The vibration exciter 7a to 7c are arranged at an angle of 120 ° to each other, so that any driving directions can be generated. The correspondingly designed vibration plate can be moved in any direction on the soil to be compacted.

When arranging the floor contact plates, it must be ensured that the floor contact plates "intermesh" so that an overlap is ensured, at least in the main directions of travel. The overlap also causes the contact surfaces run over by the ground contact plates to partially overlap with the soil to be compacted so that no surface areas remain between the ground contact plates stay that are not condensed. Thus, the soil compaction device acts like a unit operating with a single large ground contact plate.

The control is carried out via the control lever 5 or other controls with which the vibration exciters are controlled in the desired manner. The signal transmission can be z. B. via a hydrostatic hydraulic control, mechanically, electrically or combinations thereof. The unbalanced shafts 8 of the vibration exciter 7 can z. B. hydraulically, electrically or mechanically driven.

Claims (17)

1. Soil compacting device, comprising:

   - a common upper mass (1); and having

   - at least two lower masses (2) which are coupled to the upper mass (1) and which move in a vibrating manner relative to the upper mass (1);
   wherein each lower mass has:

   - a soil contacting plate (6); and

   - at least one vibration exciter (7) allocated to the soil contacting plate (6) characterised in that

   - the upper mass (1) has a drive; and that

   - vibration exciters (7) can be driven by the drive provided on the upper mass (1).
2. Soil compacting device as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the vibration exciters (7) have two or more unbalanced shafts (8) which each support one or more unbalanced masses, are disposed in parallel with one another or at an angle to one another and can be rotated in opposite directions to one another.
3. Soil compacting device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterised in that at least one of the vibration exciters (7) has a phase adjustment device for adjusting the relative phase position of the unbalanced shafts (8) to one another.
4. Soil compacting device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that exactly one vibration exciter (7) is disposed on each soil contacting plate (6).
5. Soil compacting device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that a resultant propulsive force in a direction of propulsion can be produced at least by one of the vibration exciters (7).
6. Soil compacting device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that at least one of the vibration exciters (7) is disposed in such a way that the horizontal component of the resultant force vector produced by the oppositely rotating unbalanced shafts (8) is oriented in or opposite to a main direction (A).
7. Soil compacting device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that at least one of the vibration exciters (7) is disposed in such a way that the horizontal component of the resultant force vector produced by the oppositely rotating unbalanced shafts (8) is not oriented in or opposite to a main direction (A).
8. Soil compacting device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 or claim 7 in conjunction with any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that none of the vibration exciters (7) is disposed in such a way that the horizontal component of the resultant force vector produced by the oppositely rotating unbalanced shafts (8) is oriented in or opposite to a main direction (A).
9. Soil compacting device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that at least one of the vibration exciters (7) is disposed in such a way that the horizontal component of the resulting force vector produced by the oppositely rotating unbalanced shafts (8) is oriented at a particular angle to a main direction (A).
10. Soil compacting device as claimed in claim 9, characterised in that the angle is 60° or 90°.
11. Soil compacting device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that the upper mass (1) has a central control unit for controlling the vibration exciters (7).
12. Soil compacting device as claimed in claim 11, characterised in that the vibration exciters (7) can be controlled individually by the control unit.
13. Soil compacting device as claimed in claim 11 or 12, characterised in that the control unit is designed for adjusting different rotational speeds for the unbalanced shafts (8) in different vibration exciters (7).
14. Soil compacting device as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 13, characterised in that the control unit is designed for individual control of the phase adjustment devices provided on the individual vibration exciters (7).
15. Soil compacting device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 14, characterised in that some of the lower masses (2) have a respective vibration exciter (7) having a phase adjustment device, while at least one other lower mass (2) has only a vibration exciter (7) which does not have a phase adjustment device.
16. Soil compacting device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 15, characterised in that the soil compacting device can be guided by hand and/or has a remote control device.
17. Soil compacting device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 16, characterised in that the soil contacting plates (6) of the unbalanced masses (22) are disposed offset to one another in such a way that the tracks which can be produced by the soil contacting plates (6) on the soil to be compacted during movement of the soil compacting device in at least one main direction of travel overlap at least partially.

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