EP1710812B1 - Disjoncteur de courant et noyau magnétique pour un disjoncteur de courant - Google Patents
Disjoncteur de courant et noyau magnétique pour un disjoncteur de courant Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1710812B1 EP1710812B1 EP06003118A EP06003118A EP1710812B1 EP 1710812 B1 EP1710812 B1 EP 1710812B1 EP 06003118 A EP06003118 A EP 06003118A EP 06003118 A EP06003118 A EP 06003118A EP 1710812 B1 EP1710812 B1 EP 1710812B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- magnet core
- atomic weight
- iron
- magnetic core
- residual current
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Not-in-force
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/153—Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals
- H01F1/15308—Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals based on Fe/Ni
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/153—Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals
- H01F1/15333—Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals containing nanocrystallites, e.g. obtained by annealing
Definitions
- the invention relates to an AC-sensitive residual current circuit breaker with a summation current transformer having a soft magnetic magnetic core of a nanocrystalline iron-based alloy and applied to the magnetic core differential windings and a measuring winding, and with a measuring winding connected to the switching element. Furthermore, the invention relates to a magnetic core for an AC-sensitive residual current circuit breaker.
- Residual current circuit breakers have been used for many years for both machine protection and personal protection and have significantly increased electrical safety. While FI switches with tripping currents of 300 to 500 mA are used for machine protection, FI switches with significantly lower tripping currents of 30 mA are used for personal protection.
- FI switches are designed as purely passive components, wherein a current from the supply network to a consumer via a first winding and the current from the load to the supply network via a second winding of a magnetic core is performed and the two windings are designed as differential windings.
- the magnetic core thus operates as a summation current transformer. In error-free normal operation, the total current is zero considering the sign and the magnetic core is not magnetized. In the event of a fault, the total current is different from zero, so that the magnetic core is magnetized and a voltage is induced in a measuring winding. By means of the induced voltage, a relay is triggered, which interrupts the circuit to the consumer.
- the magnetization of the magnetic core generated by the tripping current must therefore be sufficient to enable the relay to trigger via the induced voltage in the measuring winding. Furthermore, however, is also a compact Construction required. Finally, the functionality must be ensured over a temperature range of usually -25 ° C to + 80 ° C. For the magnetic core thus raises the demand for a sufficiently high constancy of the magnetic properties. This results in high demands on the magnetic material of the magnetic core used.
- magnetic cores made of an iron-based alloy having an iron content of more than 60 atomic%, the structure of which consists of more than 50% of finely crystalline grains with a grain size of less than 100 nm and having a saturation induction of more than 1.1 T and a Remanence ratio Br / Bs of less than 0.7, to use in residual current circuit breakers.
- the remanence ratio indicates the ratio of remanence Br to saturation induction Bs.
- the magnetic cores have a permeability of less than 120,000.
- FI-switches are adapted to different fault current forms.
- pulse-current-sensitive and AC-sensitive FI switches While AC-sensitive RCCBs are commonly used in AC networks, pulse-current-sensitive RCCBs are designed to respond to unipolar fault currents.
- Magnetic cores with a flat hysteresis loop are used for pulse current sensitive FI switches.
- From the EP 0 563 606 A2 are current transformer for pulse current sensitive residual current circuit breaker known that have a remanence ratio Br / Bs of less than 0.3 and consist of a nanocrystalline iron-based alloy. Furthermore, the use of crystalline Permalloy alloys for this purpose is known.
- circuit breakers come almost exclusively toroidal cores made of crystalline Permalloy alloys with a nickel content between 45 and 80% for decades.
- FI switch which is characterized by the field strength caused by the predetermined tripping current, these have a permeability of up to 350,000, the remanence ratio being between 0.3 and 0.7.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a magnetic core for use in AC-sensitive residual current circuit breakers, which is less expensive than the previously used Permalloy alloys, in particular no or only a small nickel content, and a replacement of Permalloy magnetic cores with little or no adjustments the residual current circuit breaker allowed.
- Another object is to specify a corresponding residual current circuit breaker.
- the FI switch has a summation current transformer, which contains a magnetically soft magnetic core of a nanocrystalline iron-based alloy. On the core differential windings and a measuring winding are applied in a known manner and the measuring winding is connected to a switching element.
- the magnetic core has a maximum permeability of more than 350,000 and a remanence ratio Br / Bs of more than 0.7.
- magnetic cores with a high remanence ratio of more than 0.7 which were previously not considered for use in residual current circuit breakers, in combination with a high permeability of more 350,000 are perfectly suited for use in AC-sensitive residual current circuit breakers and can replace the previously used Permalloy cores.
- the magnetic cores according to the invention are also less expensive than highly nickel-containing Permalloy cores. However, due to the excellent magnet values, smaller and lighter magnetic cores can also be used than when using Permalloy alloys. Typically, a weight reduction of 40% can be achieved over permalloy cores.
- the magnetic cores surpass those in the EP 0 392 204 A1 Cores proposed for use in FI switches in terms of permeability significantly and also have a higher remanence ratio.
- the magnetic cores according to the invention fulfill the required low temperature dependence of the magnet values in the required temperature range of -25 ° C. to + 80 ° C.
- the magnetic cores may in one embodiment have a permeability of greater than 400,000 and / or a remanence ratio greater than 0.8. These advantageous magnet values have a particularly favorable effect on the size of the cores used.
- the magnetic properties of the magnetic cores and their temperature dependence are adjusted by a heat treatment under inert gas and magnetic field influence. Particular attention should be paid to the temperature and the duration of the heat treatment to adjust the nanocrystalline structure and the temperature of a subsequent heat treatment in the magnetic field.
- the heat treatment to adjust the nanocrystalline structure can be carried out at a temperature between 550 ° C and 620 ° C and for a period of, for example, 20 to 80 minutes.
- the subsequent heat treatment in a transverse magnetic field can be carried out at a temperature of 360 ° C to 400 ° C for a period of 20 to 150 minutes.
- Magnetic cores with a permeability of more than 600,000 can be realized.
- the appropriate parameters can be selected for each Alloy composition and core geometry can be determined experimentally with a few experiments.
- the nanocrystalline iron-based alloys used have a structure which consists of more than 50% of fine-crystalline grains with a particle size of less than 100 nm.
- the alloy may contain 0.5 to 2 at% copper, 2 to 5 at% of at least one of the metals niobium, tungsten, tantalum, zirconium, hafnium, titanium and / or molybdenum, 5 to 14 at% boron and 14 to 17 at% silicon.
- Magnetic core and winding turns of the winding can be coordinated so that with a predetermined fault current (trip current), which causes a triggering of the relay, a modulation of the magnetic core is achieved in which the permeability is more than 350,000, in particular more than 400,000.
- a given fault current for triggering the relay of, for example, 30 mA is thus achieved by the dimensioning that in this operating point, the said magnet values are at least achieved and a safe triggering of the FI-switch is ensured.
- the magnetic core has a permeability maximum at a field strength between 5 and 15 mA / cm, then a permalloy core in a FI switch can be exchanged particularly easily for a core according to the invention, since a permalloy core in this field strength region also has a maximum permeability and therefore the preferred operating point of both cores is at comparable field strengths.
- FIG. 1 shows a circuit diagram of a FI-switch 1.
- the FI-switch 1 contains as an essential element a wound magnetic core 2 and a relay 3 as a switching element.
- a first winding 4 and a second winding 5 are applied as differential windings.
- a first end of the windings 4, 5 is connected to the conductors L1 and N of a power supply network.
- a second end of the windings 4, 5 connected to a consumer 6.
- the consumer 6 is further connected to the grounding conductor PE.
- a current flow takes place from the conductor L1 via the first winding 4 to the load 6 and from the load 6 via the second winding 5 to the conductor N.
- the currents flowing in the windings 4, 5 are equal in magnitude and the magnetic core 2 is due to the Forming the windings 4, 5 not controlled as differential windings. If an error occurs now, for example, as a person touches a current-carrying component of the consumer 6, the currents in the windings 4, 5 are of different sizes, since a partial current flows through the person. This has a remaining modulation and thus a magnetization of the magnetic core 2 result, whereby in a measuring winding 7 now a voltage is induced. Due to the induced voltage, a current is induced in the secondary circuit, which tripped the relay 3, and the circuit is interrupted to the load 6.
- the triggering of the relay 3 must take place at a predetermined residual current of, for example, 30 mA for personal protection.
- a difference of 30 mA in the currents flowing through the windings 4, 5 must therefore result in a voltage induction in the measuring winding 7, which induces a current sufficient for triggering of the relay 3.
- a magnetic core 2 according to the invention is produced from a thin strip of initially amorphous iron-based alloys as a ring strip core, the iron-based alloy containing, in addition to more than 60 at% iron, 0.5 to 2 at% copper, 2 to 5 at% of at least one of the metals niobium , Tungsten, tantalum, zirconium, hafnium, titanium and / or molybdenum, 5 to 14 at% boron and 14 to 17 at% silicon.
- the magnetic core is subjected to a heat treatment for adjusting the nanocrystalline structure, for example at a temperature of 580 ° C for a period of 30 minutes. Subsequently, a further heat treatment in a transverse magnetic field at, for example, 380 ° C for a period of also 30 minutes.
- Fig. 2 the dependence of the induction B of the field strength H is plotted in curve K1 for a magnetic core according to the invention with a remanence ratio Br / Bs of more than 0.7 and thus quasi Z-shaped loop and for a commercial Permalloy core with a round loop ,
- About the ratio of remanence Br to saturation induction Bs is given a first distinguishing criterion of the cores according to the invention over previously used for FI switch cores.
- FIG. 3 the course of the permeability over the field strength H is plotted in curve K3 for the magnetic core according to the invention of a nanocrystalline iron-based alloy and in curve K4 for the commercially available Permalloy core.
- the magnetic core according to the invention has a much higher permeability than the permalloy core. Consequently, with identical winding to achieve the same induction voltage in the measurement winding of the FI-switch by the fault current, a correspondingly smaller iron cross-section of the nanocrystalline magnetic core is sufficient.
- the maximum permeability for both cores occurs at approximately the same field strength. This simplifies the replacement of the permalloy core with a core according to the invention. A resizing is not necessary in principle, but nevertheless advisable because of the possible material savings.
- FIG. 4 is plotted with the temperature dependence of the measured output voltage on the measuring winding 7 of another important parameter for FI-switches and in curve K5 for a FI-switch with the nanocrystalline magnetic core according to the invention and in curve K6 for the Permalloy core. Both cores show sufficient constancy of the output voltage within the required temperature range of -25 ° C to + 80 ° C.
- magnet cores made of a nanocrystalline iron-based alloy and the specified magnetic properties can be advantageously used in AC-sensitive FI switches and can replace the permalloy cores used for this purpose without problems directly for decades. In particular, a significant weight, volume and cost reduction can be achieved.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
- Breakers (AREA)
- Transformers For Measuring Instruments (AREA)
- Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
Claims (10)
- Disjoncteur à courant sensible à un courant alternatif, avec un convertisseur de courant qui contient un noyau magnétique doux (2) en un alliage nanocristallin de base de fer ainsi que des enroulements différentiels (4, 5) et un enroulement de mesure (7) appliqués sur le noyau magnétique (2), et avec un élément de commutation (3) relié à l'enroulement de mesure (7), caractérisé en ce que le noyau magnétique (2) présente une perméabilité maximale de plus de 350.000 et un rapport d'aimantation rémanente Br/Bs de plus de 0,7.
- Disjoncteur à courant selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le noyau magnétique présente une perméabilité de plus de 400.000.
- Disjoncteur à courant selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le noyau magnétique (2) présente un rapport d'aimantation rémanente Br/Bs de plus de 0,8.
- Disjoncteur à courant selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage nanocristallin de base de fer présente une texture qui consiste à plus de 50 % en grains fins d'une granulométrie de moins de 100 nm, et en ce que l'alliage de base de fer, outre plus de 60 % d'atomes de fer, contient encore 0,5 à 2 % d'atomes de cuivre, 2 à 5 % d'atomes d'au moins un des métaux niobium, tungstène, tantale, zirconium, hafnium, titane et/ou molybdène, 5 à 14 % d'atomes de bore, ainsi que 14 à 17 % d'atomes de silicium.
- Disjoncteur à courant selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'avec un courant de déclenchement défini est obtenu un degré d'excitation du noyau magnétique (2) pour lequel la perméabilité est de plus de 350.000, en particulier de plus de 400.000
- Disjoncteur à courant selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le noyau magnétique (2) présente un maximum de perméabilité pour une intensité de champ comprise entre 5 et 15 mA/cm.
- Noyau magnétique pour un convertisseur de courant somme d'un disjoncteur à courant (1) sensible à un courant alternatif, le noyau magnétique (2) consistant en un alliage nanocristallin de base de fer, et le noyau magnétique (2) présentant une perméabilité maximale de plus de 350.000 ainsi qu'un rapport d'aimantation rémanente Br/Bs de plus de 0,7.
- Noyau magnétique selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que le noyau magnétique (2) présente une perméabilité maximale de plus de 400.000.
- Noyau magnétique selon la revendication 7 ou 8, caractérisé en ce que le noyau magnétique (2) présente un rapport d'aimantation rémanente Br/Bs de plus de 0,8.
- Noyau magnétique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 9, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage nanocristallin de base de fer présente une texture qui consiste à plus de 50 % en grains fins d'une granulométrie de moins de 100 nm, et en ce que l'alliage de base de fer, outre plus de 60 % d'atomes de fer, contient encore 0,5 à 2 % d'atomes de cuivre, 2 à 5 % d'atomes d'au moins un des métaux niobium, tungstène, tantale, zirconium, hafnium, titane et/ou molybdène, 5 à 14 % d'atomes de bore, ainsi que 14 à 17 % d'atomes de silicium.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL06003118T PL1710812T3 (pl) | 2005-02-25 | 2006-02-16 | Wyłącznik różnicowo prądowy i rdzeń magnetyczny do tego wyłącznika |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102005009168 | 2005-02-25 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1710812A1 EP1710812A1 (fr) | 2006-10-11 |
EP1710812B1 true EP1710812B1 (fr) | 2008-07-16 |
Family
ID=36603455
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP06003118A Not-in-force EP1710812B1 (fr) | 2005-02-25 | 2006-02-16 | Disjoncteur de courant et noyau magnétique pour un disjoncteur de courant |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1710812B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE401655T1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE502006001096D1 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2308610T3 (fr) |
PL (1) | PL1710812T3 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2416329B1 (fr) | 2010-08-06 | 2016-04-06 | Vaccumschmelze Gmbh & Co. KG | Noyau magnétique pour des applications basse fréquence et procédé de fabrication d'un noyau magnétique pour des applications basse fréquence |
US8699190B2 (en) | 2010-11-23 | 2014-04-15 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg | Soft magnetic metal strip for electromechanical components |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4881989A (en) * | 1986-12-15 | 1989-11-21 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Fe-base soft magnetic alloy and method of producing same |
DE3911480A1 (de) * | 1989-04-08 | 1990-10-11 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh | Verwendung einer feinkristallinen eisen-basislegierung als magnetwerkstoff fuer fehlerstrom-schutzschalter |
DE4210748C1 (de) * | 1992-04-01 | 1993-12-16 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh | Stromwandler für pulsstromsensitive Fehlerstromschutzschalter, Fehlerstromschutzschalter mit einem solchen Stromwandler, und Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung des Eisenlegierungsbandes für dessen Magnetkern |
FR2772181B1 (fr) * | 1997-12-04 | 2000-01-14 | Mecagis | Procede de fabrication d'un noyau magnetique en alliage magnetique doux nanocristallin utilisable dans un disjoncteur differentiel de la classe a et noyau magnetique obtenu |
-
2006
- 2006-02-16 AT AT06003118T patent/ATE401655T1/de active
- 2006-02-16 ES ES06003118T patent/ES2308610T3/es active Active
- 2006-02-16 EP EP06003118A patent/EP1710812B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-02-16 PL PL06003118T patent/PL1710812T3/pl unknown
- 2006-02-16 DE DE502006001096T patent/DE502006001096D1/de active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE401655T1 (de) | 2008-08-15 |
PL1710812T3 (pl) | 2008-12-31 |
ES2308610T3 (es) | 2008-12-01 |
DE502006001096D1 (de) | 2008-08-28 |
EP1710812A1 (fr) | 2006-10-11 |
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