EP1787751B1 - Use of a system for for everyday maintenance of a hard floor surface of stone or stone-like material - Google Patents
Use of a system for for everyday maintenance of a hard floor surface of stone or stone-like material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1787751B1 EP1787751B1 EP07101889A EP07101889A EP1787751B1 EP 1787751 B1 EP1787751 B1 EP 1787751B1 EP 07101889 A EP07101889 A EP 07101889A EP 07101889 A EP07101889 A EP 07101889A EP 1787751 B1 EP1787751 B1 EP 1787751B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pad
- abrasive particles
- stone
- tool
- floor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Revoked
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B7/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor
- B24B7/10—Single-purpose machines or devices
- B24B7/18—Single-purpose machines or devices for grinding floorings, walls, ceilings or the like
- B24B7/186—Single-purpose machines or devices for grinding floorings, walls, ceilings or the like with disc-type tools
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D11/00—Constructional features of flexible abrasive materials; Special features in the manufacture of such materials
- B24D11/001—Manufacture of flexible abrasive materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D13/00—Wheels having flexibly-acting working parts, e.g. buffing wheels; Mountings therefor
- B24D13/14—Wheels having flexibly-acting working parts, e.g. buffing wheels; Mountings therefor acting by the front face
- B24D13/147—Wheels having flexibly-acting working parts, e.g. buffing wheels; Mountings therefor acting by the front face comprising assemblies of felted or spongy material; comprising pads surrounded by a flexible material
Definitions
- the invention relates to use of a system for maintenance of hard surfaces, primarily concrete (cement), terrazzo and granite floor surfaces, but also marble or limestone surfaces.
- the invention particularly relates to use of a tool for maintenance which is suitable for use on a daily basis to maintain a polished hard floor surface.
- the pad is usually provided as a circular, disc-shaped body, which is to be disconnectably mounted on a circular carrier plate, which in use is caused to rotate in a plane parallel with the floor surface, such that the pad, when brought into contact with the floor surface, is slightly compressed by the pressure arising between the floor surface and the carrier plate.
- the carrier plate is usually driven by a motor and may be mounted on a carrier frame, which may be arranged to be pushed or pulled by a walking operator or which may be arranged as a ridable vehicle.
- Such pads are formed from fibers of an organic material, e.g. polyamide and/or polyester, particularly polyethylene terephtalate.
- the fibers also include natural fibers, such as walnut fibers or coconut fibers.
- the fibers of the pad is interconnected at their mutual points of contact by so-called melt bonding, whereby the fibers are subjected to heat that cause the outer part of the fibers to slightly melt and thereby to bond to each other.
- the fibers may be interconnected at their mutual points of contact by the pad being impregnated with a polymer resin, hereinafter referred to as a "primary binder".
- US-A-3,537,121 discloses pads for polishing surfaces of aluminum, plastic, wax and similar surfaces. US-A-3,537,121 also discloses production of such pads.
- a binder mixed with abrasive particles is applied to the pad by passing the pad between a pair of squeeze rolls, one of which is partially immersed in a container for a mixture of binder resin and abrasive particles, after which the pad is allowed to cure or dry.
- a pad is provided, which is entirely impregnated by the binder and abrasive particles.
- US-A-4,893,439 discloses a pad for polishing floor surfaces or aluminum.
- the pad consists of fibers of organic material and constitutes a lofty open non-woven structure, and contains a binder binding abrasive particles to the fibers.
- the pad shown in US-A-4,893,493 has larger voids than that shown in US-A-3,537,121 , and thereby has an improved ability to absorb dirt, so that it can be used for a longer period. Also the pad disclosed in US-A-4,893,493 is entirely impregnated by binder and abrasive particles.
- EP-A-0 397 374 discloses a pad for floor polishing machines, which also is entirely impregnated by binder and abrasive particles.
- Pads of the above type are frequently used for so-called “burnishing”, i.e. dry polishing (often on a daily basis) of very lightly worn surfaces at high speed (1500-3000 rpm) and relatively low pressure, with a view to restoring a polished surface.
- This type of treatment is commonly used for both vinyl and marble floorings.
- Pads suitable for this purpose are available from 3M® under the designation “3MTM Floor Pads", and provide no or little effect on very hard floor surfaces, such as terrazzo or concrete, which have been subject to wear for a longer period of time.
- EP-B-0 562 919 discloses a non-woven pad of polymer fiber, which is entirely impregnated by a binder comprising a mixture of curable plastic resin and abrasive particles having a particle size of 0,1-30 ⁇ m.
- curable resins are mentioned phenol resin, acrylic resins, melamine resin and urea resin.
- Diamond is mentioned as one among several other examples of plausible abrasive particles.
- the pad disclosed therein is suitable for treatment of marble floor surfaces, and only in combination with crystallization chemicals, which means that treatment must be made in the presence of liquid containing a salt-forming acid.
- the pad in EP-B-0 562 919 is also provided by passing a non-woven pad through a nip between two squeeze rolls, one of which being partially immersed in a binder/abrasive particles mixture, such that the binder and abrasive particles, via the surface of the cylinder is distributed in the pad.
- the method described in EP-B-0 562 919 actually constitutes a vitrification method, used with a view to improving the stain resistance and durability of a marble floor.
- This method is not suitable for daily maintenance purposes, since it involves use of special crystallization chemicals, including acids, which are to react with calcium present in the floor surface to form insoluble calcium salts.
- Such a method is typically used once in connection with the initial preparation of the polished marble floor, and thereafter at intervals of 6-12 months.
- the method described in EP-B-0 562 919 is thus too complicated for being used on a daily basis.
- Pads of the type referred to in EP-B-0 562 919 are sold by 3M® under the designations "3MTM 5200 Brown Stone Renew Pad” and “3MTM 4000 Grey Stone Polish Pad", and are used for treating marble in the presence of crystallization chemicals and at relatively low speeds (below 250 rpm) .
- WO03/075734 discloses a disc-shaped device for cleaning purposes, comprising a nylon scouring material, which is arranged on a rigid disc, whereby grinding elements containing industrial diamonds are placed in recesses in the active scouring surface.
- a disadvantage with the device disclosed in WO03/07534 is that it does not eliminate the risk of debris getting stuck in or near the grinding elements.
- Yet another disadvantage is that this tool is complex and therefore more prone to breaking and more difficult and expensive to manufacture.
- the method should be simple to use, e.g. by persons who do not have specialist training in floor surface preparation, and the method should be usable with conventional floor surfacing equipment, e.g. burnishing machines, etc.
- the tools should be easy to manufacture, not too expensive and durable.
- the invention is based on the idea that abrasive particles in the form of diamond particles provide a polishing effect which is vastly superior to that achievable with those abrasive particles used in the examples shown in e.g. EP-B-0 562 919 , and that this polishing effect is so superior as to eliminate the need for crystallization chemicals.
- diamond is understood to include natural diamond as well as synthetic diamond, and diamond particles being coated with any suitable coating, e.g. silver.
- the term "effective amount" is understood as an amount that is sufficient to achieve a measurable gloss improvement as compared to the same treatment using a liquid containing no crystallization agent at all.
- Amounts known to be effective are about 1-2 liters of crystallization agent (comprising 2-30 % by weight of e.g. magnesium hexafluorosilicate) per 50 m 2 of floor surface for a single treatment operation.
- amounts known to be effective on an ad-hoc basis range from about 0,4 g of magnesium hexafluorosilicate per m 2 floor surface.
- diluted crystallization agent e.g. at a ratio of 1:100 is also known to be effective when used repeatedly, e.g.
- amounts known to be effective for maintenance on a regular basis range from about 0,004 g of magnesium hexafluorosilicate per m 2 floor surface. It is understood that there are other types of crystallization agents, e.g. zinc hexafluorosilicate, hydrofluoric acid and oxalic acid. The values given above may thus need to be adjusted to apply to the respective type of crystallization agent chosen.
- the combination of a flexible pad and diamond particles provides compensation for unevenness in the surface, and distributes the pressure applied to the pad evenly. Also, this combination, through the flexibility of the pad, considerably reduces the risk of the diamonds scratching the surface.
- diamond particles as abrasive particles when polishing hard stone surfaces provides an effect equal to or better than use of conventional abrasive particles, both in wet and dry conditions.
- the use of diamonds enables the crystallization agent to be abolished, thereby eliminating its handling.
- the abrasive particles have an average diameter of 0.1 to 30 ⁇ m, preferably between 0.1 and 15 ⁇ m and most preferably between 10 and 15 ⁇ m.
- the second portion is substantially free from diamond particles.
- pads according to the invention can be manufactured at a lower cost.
- the tool may be used for and is particularly effective for hard stone or stone-like surfaces, such as granite, concrete, terrazzo, etc.
- the pad consists of a disc-shaped body having a thickness and a first surface, wherein said abrasive particles are present on said first surface and down to a depth from said first surface, which depth is less than said thickness, such that said first portion is at said first surface and said second portion is at a second surface, opposite said first surface.
- the pad consists of a disc-shaped body having a thickness and a first surface, wherein said abrasive particles are present over less than the entire first surface, such that said first and second portions are situated adjacent each other at said first surface.
- This second embodiment facilitates migration of dust and debris into the pad.
- the pad comprises an open, lofty, three dimensional non-woven web, including a plurality of fibers, which are adhered to each other at their points of mutual contact.
- the abrasive particles may be bonded to the fibers of the pad by a secondary binder. Hence, the bonding of the fibers of the pad does not in any way need to be negatively affected by the fact that the abrasive particles are only present at the contact surface.
- the secondary binder may be selected from a group consisting of phenol resin, melamine resin, urea resin and epoxy resin.
- the secondary binder forms a plurality of distinct droplets having a maximum diameter which is smaller than an average length between two points of mutual contact of a fiber.
- the fibers are not entirely coated by the binder resin, facilitating further the migration of dust and debris into the pad.
- the pad may further comprise second abrasive particles selected from a group consisting of graphite, tin oxide, silicon carbide and aluminum oxide.
- the pad is preferably provided in the shape of a circular disc having a diameter between 30 and 100 cm and an uncompressed thickness between 1 and 5 cm.
- the description will first focus on a tool suitable for use in maintenance of hard surfaces, subsequently on the method for manufacturing the tool, and finally on the use of the tool for maintenance of a hard surface.
- a pad 1 made up from an open, lofty three dimensional non-woven web of fibers 2.
- a first surface of the pad 1 has a portion P1 presenting abrasive particles bonded to the web by means of a secondary binder, i.e. a binder having as a main purpose to bond fibers to the web.
- the pad 1 is circular in shape.
- FIG. 1b a cross section along the line S1-S2 in Fig. 1a is shown.
- the portion P1 presenting the abrasive particles is present at the first surface A and to a depth D, which is less than the thickness T of the pad 1.
- the second surface B there is a portion P2, which is substantially free from the abrasive particles and the secondary binder.
- portions it is to be understood as a portions of the macrostructure of the pad 1 and not portions of the individual fibers.
- a similar pad 1 there is shown a similar pad 1, the difference being that there is a portion P2' also at the first surface A, which portion P2' is substantially free from the abrasive particles and the secondary binder.
- the abrasive particles are present throughout the secondary binder, and the fibers are bonded to each other by a primary binder and/or by being melt-bonded.
- Fig. 3a is a microscope photograph showing the pad prior to application of the polymer resin/abrasive particles. From Fig. 3a , it can be seen that the fibers constituting the pad are held together at their points 10 of mutual contact by a primary polymer resin.
- the pad is flexible and resilient and comprises polyester and nylon fibers.
- a homogenous polymer resin mixture was prepared, consisting of 200 g PA resin 52-68 phenol resin (available from Perstorp AB, Perstorp, Sweden), 100 g of T-R ⁇ D® ethanol (available from Alfort & Cronholm AB, Bromma, Sweden) and 20 g of LANDS LS600F 4-8 ⁇ m diamond particles (available from Lands Superabrasives, Co., New York, NY, USA).
- PTS 65% p-toluene sulfonic acid
- the resin mixture was sprayed onto a first one A of the surfaces of the polishing pad, using a standard-type compressed air spray gun (normally used for spraying paint).
- the pad with the uncured resin thereafter weighed 173 grams. Subsequently, the pad was placed in a hot air oven at approximately 120°C for approximately 20 minutes.
- Fig. 3b is a microscope photograph.
- Globules or droplets 11 of the resin/particle mixture are formed along each fiber, also between the fibers' points of mutual contact. The droplets are so distributed that the fibers to which they are adhered are not entirely covered.
- Figs 4a-4b show a pad as described above with reference to Figs 1a-1b , and an enlargement of a portion of that pad ( Fig. 4b ), wherein droplets 11 of binder/particle mixture are attached to the fibers.
- each surface portion was first treated with the brown pad and subsequently with the gray pad.
- Table 1 Tests performed with water as lubricant on Kolm ⁇ rden marble Pad Brown Gray Green Initial gloss 17 17 10 Liquid Water Water Water Final gloss 17 35 30
- Table 2 Tests performed without lubricant on Kolm ⁇ rden marble Pad Brown Gray Green Initial gloss 20 25 28 Liquid No No Final gloss 25 30 50
- the pad according to the invention provides a noticeable improvement as compared with the prior art.
- the improvement is particularly noticeable during dry conditions and on concrete.
- Fig. 5 is a sectional view of a floor surfacing machine 20 on which a pad 1 according to the invention is mounted so as to define a contact surface 9 with the hard surface 8, which in this example is a floor surface.
- the pad 1 is mounted on a driven, rotatable carrier plate 4, which is typically journalled in bearings and thus rotatable relative to a machine body 5, on which a motor unit 6 is arranged.
- the machine has a handle 7, and is thus adapted for being held/pushed/pulled by a walking operator.
- the floor surfacing machine 20 may be e.g. a ridable vehicle fitted with a carrier plate 4 that is adapted for receiving the pad 1.
- the pad 1 and method described above can be used for everyday cleaning/maintenance of polished hard surfaces, such as stone, concrete or terrazzo floor surfaces using a floor surfacing machine such as a scrubber/dryer combination machine, e.g. the Nilfisk CR1300; a single disc floor maintenance machines (low speed or high speed), e.g. the Nilfisk 510B or 545; a burnisher, e.g. the Nilfisk SDH5120, BHS5120 or BHS7014, all of which are available from Nilfisk-Advance, Sweden.
- a scrubber/dryer combination machine e.g. the Nilfisk CR1300
- a single disc floor maintenance machines low speed or high speed
- a burnisher e.g. the Nilfisk SDH5120, BHS5120 or BHS7014, all of which are available from Nilfisk-Advance, Sweden.
- the treatment of the floor surface is typically performed by causing the pad, when in contact with the floor surface, to rotate in a plane parallel with the floor surface.
- Typical rotational speeds are from 50 rpm to 3000 rpm. However, lower or higher rotational speeds are not excluded.
- a first embodiment of the pad according to the invention comprises an open, lofty, three dimensional non-woven web, including a plurality of fibers, which are adhered to each other at their points of mutual contact by means of a primary binder, and in which abrasive particles are mixed with a secondary binder and applied only to a first surface of the pad, such that the pad is only partially impregnated by the binder/particle mixture.
- the fibers may be melt-bonded to each other.
- binder/particle mixture is only applied to parts of said first surface. This can be achieved by masking those parts of the surface to which the binder/particle mixture should not be applied.
- the pad is entirely impregnated with the binder/particle mixture, e.g. by using such squeeze rollers as are described in EP-B-0 562 919 .
- the abrasive particles are present in the material of the pad.
- the invention is not limited to the use of phenol resin.
- suitable resins are melamine, urea, epoxy and polyester resins.
- the hardener may be selected from any hardener suitable for the type of resin selected. Also it is possible not to include the hardener, e.g. by allowing the pad to cure at a higher temperature and/or for a longer period of time.
- the solvent (ethanol was used in the example) is provided merely to reduce the viscosity of the mixture and thereby to facilitate spraying thereof. Any suitable solvent may be used, and the solvent may also be excluded, provided that the method of application so allows.
- the pad 1 having secondary binder and abrasive particles as described above may be attached to a disc or plate having an arbitrary connector for being connected to a carrier plate of the surfacing machine, or that the pad may be directly connectable to the surfacing machine by means of a Velcro-type hook arrangement provided on the carrier plate, the hooks of which engage the fibers of the pad 1.
- the maintenance tool may be composed of the pad with the primary binder, the secondary binder and the abrasive particles, possibly with the addition of dyes or printed areas providing information on the type of pad, manufacturer, trademark etc.
- the pad may be provided with a backing layer.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
- Cleaning Implements For Floors, Carpets, Furniture, Walls, And The Like (AREA)
- Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Floor Finish (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
- Manufacturing Cores, Coils, And Magnets (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Turning (AREA)
- Mounting, Exchange, And Manufacturing Of Dies (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Hooks, Suction Cups, And Attachment By Adhesive Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The invention relates to use of a system for maintenance of hard surfaces, primarily concrete (cement), terrazzo and granite floor surfaces, but also marble or limestone surfaces. The invention particularly relates to use of a tool for maintenance which is suitable for use on a daily basis to maintain a polished hard floor surface.
- Use of a system as defined in the preamble of
claim 1 is know from Scotch-Brite (TM), Blue Floor Pad, TD103, May 1997, or Scotch-Brite (TM) Green Floor Pad, TD 106, March 1999. - It is known in connection with cleaning or light polishing of floor surfaces to use a pad in the form of a three-dimensional non-woven web. The pad is usually provided as a circular, disc-shaped body, which is to be disconnectably mounted on a circular carrier plate, which in use is caused to rotate in a plane parallel with the floor surface, such that the pad, when brought into contact with the floor surface, is slightly compressed by the pressure arising between the floor surface and the carrier plate. The carrier plate is usually driven by a motor and may be mounted on a carrier frame, which may be arranged to be pushed or pulled by a walking operator or which may be arranged as a ridable vehicle.
- Such pads are formed from fibers of an organic material, e.g. polyamide and/or polyester, particularly polyethylene terephtalate. In some cases the fibers also include natural fibers, such as walnut fibers or coconut fibers.
- The fibers of the pad is interconnected at their mutual points of contact by so-called melt bonding, whereby the fibers are subjected to heat that cause the outer part of the fibers to slightly melt and thereby to bond to each other.
- Alternatively, or additionally, the fibers may be interconnected at their mutual points of contact by the pad being impregnated with a polymer resin, hereinafter referred to as a "primary binder".
- Production of this type of non-woven pads is well known from e.g.
US-A-3,537,121 ,US-A-4,893,439 ,EP-A-0 397 374 ,GB-A-1 348 526 EP-B-0 562 919 , and thus does not need to be further elaborated on herein. -
US-A-3,537,121 discloses pads for polishing surfaces of aluminum, plastic, wax and similar surfaces.US-A-3,537,121 also discloses production of such pads. InUS-A-3,537,121 a binder mixed with abrasive particles is applied to the pad by passing the pad between a pair of squeeze rolls, one of which is partially immersed in a container for a mixture of binder resin and abrasive particles, after which the pad is allowed to cure or dry. Thus, inUS-A-3,537,121 a pad is provided, which is entirely impregnated by the binder and abrasive particles. -
US-A-4,893,439 discloses a pad for polishing floor surfaces or aluminum. The pad consists of fibers of organic material and constitutes a lofty open non-woven structure, and contains a binder binding abrasive particles to the fibers. The pad shown inUS-A-4,893,493 has larger voids than that shown inUS-A-3,537,121 , and thereby has an improved ability to absorb dirt, so that it can be used for a longer period. Also the pad disclosed inUS-A-4,893,493 is entirely impregnated by binder and abrasive particles. -
EP-A-0 397 374 discloses a pad for floor polishing machines, which also is entirely impregnated by binder and abrasive particles. - Pads of the above type are frequently used for so-called "burnishing", i.e. dry polishing (often on a daily basis) of very lightly worn surfaces at high speed (1500-3000 rpm) and relatively low pressure, with a view to restoring a polished surface. This type of treatment is commonly used for both vinyl and marble floorings. Pads suitable for this purpose are available from 3M® under the designation "3M™ Floor Pads", and provide no or little effect on very hard floor surfaces, such as terrazzo or concrete, which have been subject to wear for a longer period of time.
-
EP-B-0 562 919 discloses a non-woven pad of polymer fiber, which is entirely impregnated by a binder comprising a mixture of curable plastic resin and abrasive particles having a particle size of 0,1-30 µm. As examples of curable resins are mentioned phenol resin, acrylic resins, melamine resin and urea resin. Diamond is mentioned as one among several other examples of plausible abrasive particles. However, according toEP-B-0 562 919 , the pad disclosed therein is suitable for treatment of marble floor surfaces, and only in combination with crystallization chemicals, which means that treatment must be made in the presence of liquid containing a salt-forming acid. - The pad in
EP-B-0 562 919 is also provided by passing a non-woven pad through a nip between two squeeze rolls, one of which being partially immersed in a binder/abrasive particles mixture, such that the binder and abrasive particles, via the surface of the cylinder is distributed in the pad. - Since the pad disclosed in
EP-B-0 562 919 is to be used in the presence of crystallization chemicals, the method described inEP-B-0 562 919 actually constitutes a vitrification method, used with a view to improving the stain resistance and durability of a marble floor. This method is not suitable for daily maintenance purposes, since it involves use of special crystallization chemicals, including acids, which are to react with calcium present in the floor surface to form insoluble calcium salts. Such a method is typically used once in connection with the initial preparation of the polished marble floor, and thereafter at intervals of 6-12 months. The method described inEP-B-0 562 919 is thus too complicated for being used on a daily basis. - Pads of the type referred to in
EP-B-0 562 919 are sold by 3M® under the designations "3M™ 5200 Brown Stone Renew Pad" and "3M™ 4000 Grey Stone Polish Pad", and are used for treating marble in the presence of crystallization chemicals and at relatively low speeds (below 250 rpm) . - The need for crystallization chemicals makes the polishing work more complicated, since the chemicals are to be applied to the surface, possibly followed by removal of excess chemicals, which also contribute to making the polishing work more time consuming. Handling and application of the chemicals also constitute a potential hazard to the environment in general and to the work environment in particular.
- It is also known to provide a polished stone or concrete surface by using tools comprising grinding or polishing elements made from a plastic resin mixed with abrasive particles, i.a. diamond particles. Since such elements are fixedly mounted on a usually rotating plate, they do not have the ability to compensate for unevenness in the floor, which may lead to uneven treatment of the floor surface, or to scratching or staining of the floor surface in case such an element is to contact the surface at an excess pressure. Yet another problem is that debris, such as grains of sand, small stones or metal may get stuck in or near the elements and cause scratching of the floor surface. Finally, this type of tools require special machinery capable of applying a higher pressure to the contact surface between the tool and the floor surface.
-
WO03/075734 WO03/07534 - Hence, there is a need for an improved and simplified method and tool for daily maintenance of hard surfaces. Preferably, the method should be simple to use, e.g. by persons who do not have specialist training in floor surface preparation, and the method should be usable with conventional floor surfacing equipment, e.g. burnishing machines, etc. Also, the tools should be easy to manufacture, not too expensive and durable.
- It is an object of the invention to provide improved technique, which wholly or partially eliminate the problems with the prior art methods and pads. In particular, it is an object to provide use of a system for treating a hard surface which is more easy to use and which provides a comparable or better result than the prior art.
- The invention is based on the idea that abrasive particles in the form of diamond particles provide a polishing effect which is vastly superior to that achievable with those abrasive particles used in the examples shown in e.g.
EP-B-0 562 919 , and that this polishing effect is so superior as to eliminate the need for crystallization chemicals. - The invention is defined by the appended independent claim. Embodiments are set forth in the dependent claims and in the following description and drawings.
- The term "diamond" is understood to include natural diamond as well as synthetic diamond, and diamond particles being coated with any suitable coating, e.g. silver.
- In the present disclosure, the term "effective amount" is understood as an amount that is sufficient to achieve a measurable gloss improvement as compared to the same treatment using a liquid containing no crystallization agent at all. Amounts known to be effective are about 1-2 liters of crystallization agent (comprising 2-30 % by weight of e.g. magnesium hexafluorosilicate) per 50 m2 of floor surface for a single treatment operation. Hence, amounts known to be effective on an ad-hoc basis range from about 0,4 g of magnesium hexafluorosilicate per m2 floor surface. However, diluted crystallization agent, e.g. at a ratio of 1:100 is also known to be effective when used repeatedly, e.g. in connection with daily or weekly maintenance. Hence, amounts known to be effective for maintenance on a regular basis range from about 0,004 g of magnesium hexafluorosilicate per m2 floor surface. It is understood that there are other types of crystallization agents, e.g. zinc hexafluorosilicate, hydrofluoric acid and oxalic acid. The values given above may thus need to be adjusted to apply to the respective type of crystallization agent chosen.
- The combination of a flexible pad and diamond particles provides compensation for unevenness in the surface, and distributes the pressure applied to the pad evenly. Also, this combination, through the flexibility of the pad, considerably reduces the risk of the diamonds scratching the surface.
- Using diamond particles as abrasive particles when polishing hard stone surfaces provides an effect equal to or better than use of conventional abrasive particles, both in wet and dry conditions. In particular, the use of diamonds enables the crystallization agent to be abolished, thereby eliminating its handling.
- The abrasive particles have an average diameter of 0.1 to 30 µm, preferably between 0.1 and 15 µm and most preferably between 10 and 15 µm.
- In one embodiment, the second portion is substantially free from diamond particles.
- Since the abrasive particles present in the parts of the pad that are not in contact with the hard surface do not fulfill any function, pads according to the invention can be manufactured at a lower cost.
- The flexibility of the pad eliminates or reduces the harmful effects that diamond abrasive particles could otherwise have on the hard surface. Hence, the tool may be used for and is particularly effective for hard stone or stone-like surfaces, such as granite, concrete, terrazzo, etc.
- In one embodiment, the pad consists of a disc-shaped body having a thickness and a first surface, wherein said abrasive particles are present on said first surface and down to a depth from said first surface, which depth is less than said thickness, such that said first portion is at said first surface and said second portion is at a second surface, opposite said first surface. By leaving the second surface free from abrasive material and binder, the attachment of the pad to a Velcro hook connector on a carrier plate is facilitated.
- In a second embodiment, the pad consists of a disc-shaped body having a thickness and a first surface, wherein said abrasive particles are present over less than the entire first surface, such that said first and second portions are situated adjacent each other at said first surface. This second embodiment facilitates migration of dust and debris into the pad.
- The pad comprises an open, lofty, three dimensional non-woven web, including a plurality of fibers, which are adhered to each other at their points of mutual contact.
- The abrasive particles may be bonded to the fibers of the pad by a secondary binder. Hence, the bonding of the fibers of the pad does not in any way need to be negatively affected by the fact that the abrasive particles are only present at the contact surface.
- As non-limiting examples, the secondary binder may be selected from a group consisting of phenol resin, melamine resin, urea resin and epoxy resin.
- In one embodiment, the secondary binder forms a plurality of distinct droplets having a maximum diameter which is smaller than an average length between two points of mutual contact of a fiber. Thus, the fibers are not entirely coated by the binder resin, facilitating further the migration of dust and debris into the pad.
- The pad may further comprise second abrasive particles selected from a group consisting of graphite, tin oxide, silicon carbide and aluminum oxide.
- The pad is preferably provided in the shape of a circular disc having a diameter between 30 and 100 cm and an uncompressed thickness between 1 and 5 cm.
-
-
Figs 1a-1b show a pad according to a first embodiment. -
Figs 2a-2b show a pad according to a second embodiment. -
Figs 3a-3b show enlarged photographs of a pad according to the present invention, before and after the binder and abrasive particles have been applied. -
Fig. 4a-4b show a diagram of a pad according to the first embodiment, and an enlargement of a portion of the pad. -
Fig. 5 is a sectional view of a floor surfacing machine on which a pad according to the invention is mounted. - The description will first focus on a tool suitable for use in maintenance of hard surfaces, subsequently on the method for manufacturing the tool, and finally on the use of the tool for maintenance of a hard surface.
- Referring to
Fig. 1a , there is shown apad 1 made up from an open, lofty three dimensional non-woven web offibers 2. A first surface of thepad 1 has a portion P1 presenting abrasive particles bonded to the web by means of a secondary binder, i.e. a binder having as a main purpose to bond fibers to the web. Thepad 1 is circular in shape. - Referring to
Fig. 1b , a cross section along the line S1-S2 inFig. 1a is shown. As is indicated inFig. 1b , the portion P1 presenting the abrasive particles is present at the first surface A and to a depth D, which is less than the thickness T of thepad 1. Hence, at the second surface B there is a portion P2, which is substantially free from the abrasive particles and the secondary binder. - When referring to "portions", it is to be understood as a portions of the macrostructure of the
pad 1 and not portions of the individual fibers. - Referring to
Figs 2a and 2b , there is shown asimilar pad 1, the difference being that there is a portion P2' also at the first surface A, which portion P2' is substantially free from the abrasive particles and the secondary binder. - In both embodiments, the abrasive particles are present throughout the secondary binder, and the fibers are bonded to each other by a primary binder and/or by being melt-bonded.
- A description of the preparation of a
pad 1 according to the embodiment discussed with reference toFigs 1a and 1b will now be given. - As a starting material, circular, disc shaped Glit/Microtron® Tan Floor Polishing Pad having a diameter of 20 inches (51 cm), a thickness of 28 mm and a weight of 157 grams was used. Such pads are available from Glit/Microtron, Wrens, GA, USA. The starting density of the pad was thereby 27 kg/m3.
Fig. 3a is a microscope photograph showing the pad prior to application of the polymer resin/abrasive particles. FromFig. 3a , it can be seen that the fibers constituting the pad are held together at theirpoints 10 of mutual contact by a primary polymer resin. The pad is flexible and resilient and comprises polyester and nylon fibers. - A homogenous polymer resin mixture was prepared, consisting of 200 g PA resin 52-68 phenol resin (available from Perstorp AB, Perstorp, Sweden), 100 g of T-RÖD® ethanol (available from Alfort & Cronholm AB, Bromma, Sweden) and 20 g of LANDS LS600F 4-8 µm diamond particles (available from Lands Superabrasives, Co., New York, NY, USA). Just before application of the mixture, 60 g of 65% p-toluene sulfonic acid (PTS) was added as a hardener.
- The resin mixture was sprayed onto a first one A of the surfaces of the polishing pad, using a standard-type compressed air spray gun (normally used for spraying paint). The pad with the uncured resin thereafter weighed 173 grams. Subsequently, the pad was placed in a hot air oven at approximately 120°C for approximately 20 minutes.
- The pad has now assumed the appearance that can be seen from
Fig. 3b , which is a microscope photograph. Globules ordroplets 11 of the resin/particle mixture are formed along each fiber, also between the fibers' points of mutual contact. The droplets are so distributed that the fibers to which they are adhered are not entirely covered. A more clear illustration of this is found inFigs 4a-4b , which show a pad as described above with reference toFigs 1a-1b , and an enlargement of a portion of that pad (Fig. 4b ), whereindroplets 11 of binder/particle mixture are attached to the fibers. - In order to evaluate the performance of the pad produced as described above, comparative tests were carried out in order to evaluate two different 20 inch (51 cm) pads, prepared as described above: a first one, referred to as "yellow", having 7-12 µm silver coated diamond particles, and a second one, referred to as "green", having 3-6 µm normal diamond particles. As a reference, two different commercially available pads were used: a 20 inch (51 cm) 3M™ 5200 Brown Stone Renew Pad and a 20 inch (51 cm) 3M™ 4000 Grey Stone Polish Pad were used, both available from 3M, St. Paul, MN, USA.
- The tests were made on two different surface types: Kolmården marble (marble from the Kolmården area outside Norrköping, Sweden) and K40 concrete. Each test was carried out on a surface of about 1 m2, using a Coor & Kleever Crystallizer 1250KG floor surfacing machine (available from Coor & Kleever, S.A., Barcelona, Spain) having a single carrier plate adapted for receiving a 20 inch floor pad and rotating at about 175 rpm. The test included polishing the surface for about 1 minute/m2. The surface gloss was measured at several spots on the area before and after each treatment using a Sanwal/Cenma IG-310 Glosschecker. The gloss value in the tables below constitute the average value for each area. High gloss is rated 80-90°. Semi gloss is rated 50-75°. Satin is rated 30-45°. Rubbed effect is rated 20-25°. Flat sheen is rated 5-15°.
- Each surface was tested both dry and using water as a lubricant. Additionally, the concrete surface was tested using Coor Rosa/K-2 crystallizer (available from Coor & Kleever S.A., Barcelona, Spain) as lubricant, i.e. the crystallization chemical mentioned in
EP-B-0 562 919 as comprising magnesium hexafluourosilicate as crystallization agent. - When testing the 3M™ pads, each surface portion was first treated with the brown pad and subsequently with the gray pad.
Table 1: Tests performed with water as lubricant on Kolmården marble Pad Brown Gray Green Initial gloss 17 17 10 Liquid Water Water Water Final gloss 17 35 30 Table 2: Tests performed without lubricant on Kolmården marble Pad Brown Gray Green Initial gloss 20 25 28 Liquid No No No Final gloss 25 30 50 - From tables 1 and 2, it can be concluded that on marble, which is a relatively soft stone having a hardness of about 3-5 Mohs and using water as a lubricant, the 3M™ pad combination (brown and gray) provide a slightly better effect, although both the gray and the green pads achieved values falling within the "satin" range. However, during dry conditions, the green pad achieved a remarkable improvement, reaching the semi-gloss range.
Table 3: Tests performed with water as lubricant on K40 concrete Pad Brown Gray Yellow Green Initial gloss 30 29 24 35 Liquid Water Water Water Water Final gloss 29 29 35 46 Table 4: Tests performed without lubricant on K40 concrete Pad Brown Gray Yellow Green Initial gloss 29 34 30 48 Liquid No No No No Final gloss 34 35 48 58 - From Tables 3 and 4, it is noted that in wet conditions and on K40 concrete, having a hardness of about 6-7 Mohs, the combination of brown and gray pads did not provide any measurable improvement at all, whereas the combination of yellow and green pads provided a distinct improvement. In dry conditions, a small improvement was noted for the surface treated with the combination of brown and gray pads, whereas a major improvement was noted for the surface treated by the combination of yellow and green pads.
Table 5: Tests performed with Coor Rosa/K-2 crystallizer as lubricant on K40 concrete Pad Gray Green Initial gloss 41 35 Liquid VMC-Pink VMC-Pink Final gloss 45 51 - From table 5, it is noted that some effect is achievable with a gray pad using Coor Rosa/K-2 crystallizer as lubricant on K40 concrete, and that a somewhat better effect is achievable with the green pad using Coor Rosa/K-2 crystallizer as lubricant.
- All in all, it is concluded that the pad according to the invention provides a noticeable improvement as compared with the prior art. The improvement is particularly noticeable during dry conditions and on concrete.
-
Fig. 5 is a sectional view of afloor surfacing machine 20 on which apad 1 according to the invention is mounted so as to define acontact surface 9 with thehard surface 8, which in this example is a floor surface. Thepad 1 is mounted on a driven,rotatable carrier plate 4, which is typically journalled in bearings and thus rotatable relative to amachine body 5, on which amotor unit 6 is arranged. In this embodiment, the machine has ahandle 7, and is thus adapted for being held/pushed/pulled by a walking operator. It is recognized that in other embodiments thefloor surfacing machine 20 may be e.g. a ridable vehicle fitted with acarrier plate 4 that is adapted for receiving thepad 1. - The
pad 1 and method described above can be used for everyday cleaning/maintenance of polished hard surfaces, such as stone, concrete or terrazzo floor surfaces using a floor surfacing machine such as a scrubber/dryer combination machine, e.g. the Nilfisk CR1300; a single disc floor maintenance machines (low speed or high speed), e.g. the Nilfisk 510B or 545; a burnisher, e.g. the Nilfisk SDH5120, BHS5120 or BHS7014, all of which are available from Nilfisk-Advance, Stockholm, Sweden. - The treatment of the floor surface is typically performed by causing the pad, when in contact with the floor surface, to rotate in a plane parallel with the floor surface. Typical rotational speeds are from 50 rpm to 3000 rpm. However, lower or higher rotational speeds are not excluded.
- As is clear from the above, a first embodiment of the pad according to the invention comprises an open, lofty, three dimensional non-woven web, including a plurality of fibers, which are adhered to each other at their points of mutual contact by means of a primary binder, and in which abrasive particles are mixed with a secondary binder and applied only to a first surface of the pad, such that the pad is only partially impregnated by the binder/particle mixture. Alternatively, or additionally, the fibers may be melt-bonded to each other.
- In a second embodiment of the pad, binder/particle mixture is only applied to parts of said first surface. This can be achieved by masking those parts of the surface to which the binder/particle mixture should not be applied.
- In a third embodiment, the pad is entirely impregnated with the binder/particle mixture, e.g. by using such squeeze rollers as are described in
EP-B-0 562 919 . - In a fourth embodiment, the abrasive particles are present in the material of the pad.
- The invention is not limited to the use of phenol resin. Other examples of suitable resins are melamine, urea, epoxy and polyester resins.
- Furthermore, the hardener may be selected from any hardener suitable for the type of resin selected. Also it is possible not to include the hardener, e.g. by allowing the pad to cure at a higher temperature and/or for a longer period of time.
- Also, the solvent (ethanol was used in the example) is provided merely to reduce the viscosity of the mixture and thereby to facilitate spraying thereof. Any suitable solvent may be used, and the solvent may also be excluded, provided that the method of application so allows.
- It is understood that the
pad 1 having secondary binder and abrasive particles as described above may be attached to a disc or plate having an arbitrary connector for being connected to a carrier plate of the surfacing machine, or that the pad may be directly connectable to the surfacing machine by means of a Velcro-type hook arrangement provided on the carrier plate, the hooks of which engage the fibers of thepad 1. Hence, the maintenance tool may be composed of the pad with the primary binder, the secondary binder and the abrasive particles, possibly with the addition of dyes or printed areas providing information on the type of pad, manufacturer, trademark etc. - Alternatively, or additionally, the pad may be provided with a backing layer.
Claims (11)
- Use of a system comprising:a floor surfacing machine (20) in the form of a scrubber/dryer combination machine, anda tool for treating a hard surface, the tool comprising a flexible pad (1) comprising an open, lofty, three dimensional non-woven web, including a plurality of fibers (2), which are adhered to each other at their points (10) of mutual contact,the tool having an active treatment surface presenting abrasive particles bonded to the pad,
said use being for everyday cleaning/maintenance of a polished hard floor surface of stone or stone-like material in the absence of crystallization agent on a contact surface between the tool and the floor surface,
characterized in that the pad presents a first portion (P1) wherein said abrasive particles are present in a first concentration, and a second portion (P2, P2') having a second, lower concentration of said abrasive particles,
and said abrasive particles consist essentially of diamond particles of an average diameter of 0.1 to 30 µm. - The use as claimed in claim 1, wherein said second portion (P2) is substantially free from diamond particles.
- The use as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the pad comprises a disc-shaped body having a thickness (T) and a first surface (A), wherein said abrasive particles are present on said first surface (A) and down to a depth (D) from said first surface, which depth is less than said thickness (T), such that said first portion (P1) is at said first surface and said second portion (P2) is at a second surface (B), opposite said first surface.
- The use as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the pad comprises a disc-shaped body having a thickness (T) and a first surface (A), wherein said abrasive particles are present over less than the entire first surface (A), such that said first and second portions (P1, P2') are situated adjacent each other at said first surface (A).
- The use as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the abrasive particles are bonded to the material of the pad by a secondary binder.
- The use as claimed in claim 5, wherein the secondary binder comprises at least one of phenol resin, melamine resin, urea resin and epoxy resin.
- The use as claimed in claim 5 or 6, wherein said secondary binder forms a plurality of distinct droplets (11) having a maximum diameter which is smaller than an average length between two points of mutual contact of a fiber.
- The use as claimed in claim 5-7, wherein the abrasive particles are present throughout the secondary binder.
- The use as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the fibers are bonded to each other by a primary binder and/or by being melt-bonded.
- The use as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the tool further comprises second abrasive particles selected from a group consisting of graphite, tin oxide, silicon carbide and aluminum oxide.
- The use as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the pad has the shape of a circular disc having a diameter between 30 and 100 cm and an uncompressed thickness between 1 and 5 cm.
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SI200531364T SI1787751T1 (en) | 2005-03-15 | 2005-03-15 | Use of a system for for everyday maintenance of a hard floor surface of stone or stone-like material |
DK07101889.9T DK1787751T3 (en) | 2005-03-15 | 2005-03-15 | Use of a system for daily maintenance of a hard floor surface made of stone or stone-like material |
PL07101889T PL1787751T3 (en) | 2005-03-15 | 2005-03-15 | Use of a system for for everyday maintenance of a hard floor surface of stone or stone-like material |
CY20111100931T CY1111862T1 (en) | 2005-03-15 | 2011-09-27 | USE SYSTEM FOR DAILY MAINTENANCE OF ROOFED STONE SURFACES OR MATERIAL |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP05005570A EP1702714B1 (en) | 2005-03-15 | 2005-03-15 | Method for maintenance of hard surfaces |
Related Parent Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP05005570A Division EP1702714B1 (en) | 2005-03-15 | 2005-03-15 | Method for maintenance of hard surfaces |
EP05005570.6 Division | 2005-03-15 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1787751A2 EP1787751A2 (en) | 2007-05-23 |
EP1787751A3 EP1787751A3 (en) | 2007-08-01 |
EP1787751B1 true EP1787751B1 (en) | 2011-07-13 |
Family
ID=34934264
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP07101889A Revoked EP1787751B1 (en) | 2005-03-15 | 2005-03-15 | Use of a system for for everyday maintenance of a hard floor surface of stone or stone-like material |
EP05005570A Revoked EP1702714B1 (en) | 2005-03-15 | 2005-03-15 | Method for maintenance of hard surfaces |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP05005570A Revoked EP1702714B1 (en) | 2005-03-15 | 2005-03-15 | Method for maintenance of hard surfaces |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (2) | EP1787751B1 (en) |
CN (3) | CN101175602B (en) |
AT (2) | ATE516109T1 (en) |
CY (2) | CY1108028T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE602005001110T2 (en) |
DK (2) | DK1787751T3 (en) |
ES (2) | ES2370913T3 (en) |
PL (2) | PL1702714T3 (en) |
PT (2) | PT1787751E (en) |
SI (1) | SI1702714T1 (en) |
TW (1) | TWI385052B (en) |
UA (3) | UA94911C2 (en) |
ZA (3) | ZA200708741B (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8206511B2 (en) | 2009-10-06 | 2012-06-26 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Daily cleaner with slip-resistant and gloss-enhancing properties |
US9920281B2 (en) | 2009-11-12 | 2018-03-20 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Soil resistant surface treatment |
DE102010001769A1 (en) * | 2010-02-10 | 2011-08-11 | JÖST GmbH, 69483 | Grinding and cleaning body |
DE102010002539A1 (en) * | 2010-03-03 | 2011-09-08 | Jöst Gmbh | Abrasive body for use in sharpening plate of e.g. sanding sleeve of angle grinder for grinding cylindrical inner or outer surfaces of work-piece for construction of e.g. furniture, has filter froth exhibiting specific air permeability |
WO2012080884A2 (en) | 2010-12-13 | 2012-06-21 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Soil resistant floor treatment |
WO2013003816A2 (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2013-01-03 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | A method of polishing a workpiece with an abrasive segment comprising abrasive aggregates having silicon carbide particles |
WO2015119826A1 (en) * | 2014-02-04 | 2015-08-13 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Double-sided buffing pads with intertwined seams |
CN104400586B (en) * | 2014-10-17 | 2017-03-15 | 东莞市热线家具有限公司 | A kind of method that burr beaten by timber |
CN105690240B (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2018-09-11 | 东莞市中微纳米科技有限公司 | A kind of flexible polishing pad |
BR112020002026A2 (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2020-10-06 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | surface treatment article |
CN110157337A (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2019-08-23 | 河南广度超硬材料有限公司 | The method of the renovation polishing powder and its renovation polishing of uneven curved surface granite |
CN111644990B (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2021-04-30 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Method for polishing hard materials using a molded rod pressed with wood fiber wet powder |
CN113400206B (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2022-07-19 | 郑州磨料磨具磨削研究所有限公司 | Grinding wheel for polishing silicon carbide substrate and preparation method thereof |
CN114161230B (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2024-04-12 | 凯吉斯金刚石(广州)有限公司 | Renovating process of marble table top |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2598593A (en) * | 1948-09-30 | 1952-05-27 | Ibm | Polycentric articulated finger for artificial hands |
DE1694594C3 (en) * | 1960-01-11 | 1975-05-28 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Co., Saint Paul, Minn. (V.St.A.) | Cleaning and polishing media |
US3324609A (en) * | 1964-08-11 | 1967-06-13 | Norton Co | Non-woven webs |
US4078340A (en) * | 1973-12-07 | 1978-03-14 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Low density abrasive pad having different abrasive surfaces |
EP0627281A3 (en) * | 1990-03-30 | 1994-12-21 | Ronald Carlysle Wiand | Rotary pads for finishing marble, granite and stone |
US5054245A (en) * | 1990-07-25 | 1991-10-08 | The Butcher Company | Combination of cleaning pads, cleaning pad mounting members and a base member for a rotary cleaning machine |
US5282900A (en) * | 1992-03-19 | 1994-02-01 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Nonwoven surface treating articles, system including same, and method of treating calcium carbonate-containing surfaces with said system |
US5573844A (en) * | 1995-01-06 | 1996-11-12 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Conformable surface finishing article and method for manufacture of same |
WO1998019829A1 (en) * | 1996-11-06 | 1998-05-14 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Multiple abrasive assembly and method |
US20040098923A1 (en) * | 2002-11-25 | 2004-05-27 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Nonwoven abrasive articles and methods for making and using the same |
-
2005
- 2005-03-15 PT PT07101889T patent/PT1787751E/en unknown
- 2005-03-15 DE DE602005001110T patent/DE602005001110T2/en active Active
- 2005-03-15 AT AT07101889T patent/ATE516109T1/en active
- 2005-03-15 EP EP07101889A patent/EP1787751B1/en not_active Revoked
- 2005-03-15 DE DE202005021478U patent/DE202005021478U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-03-15 SI SI200530027T patent/SI1702714T1/en unknown
- 2005-03-15 ES ES07101889T patent/ES2370913T3/en active Active
- 2005-03-15 ES ES05005570T patent/ES2286730T3/en active Active
- 2005-03-15 PL PL05005570T patent/PL1702714T3/en unknown
- 2005-03-15 PT PT05005570T patent/PT1702714E/en unknown
- 2005-03-15 DK DK07101889.9T patent/DK1787751T3/en active
- 2005-03-15 PL PL07101889T patent/PL1787751T3/en unknown
- 2005-03-15 DK DK05005570T patent/DK1702714T3/en active
- 2005-03-15 AT AT05005570T patent/ATE361815T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-03-15 EP EP05005570A patent/EP1702714B1/en not_active Revoked
- 2005-11-16 UA UAA200800822A patent/UA94911C2/en unknown
- 2005-11-16 CN CN2005800497437A patent/CN101175602B/en active Active
- 2005-11-16 UA UAA200711351A patent/UA88803C2/en unknown
- 2005-11-16 ZA ZA200708741A patent/ZA200708741B/en unknown
- 2005-11-16 CN CN2007103054484A patent/CN101219526B/en active Active
- 2005-11-16 CN CNB2007103054499A patent/CN100571981C/en active Active
-
2006
- 2006-03-15 TW TW095108724A patent/TWI385052B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2007
- 2007-07-30 CY CY20071101004T patent/CY1108028T1/en unknown
-
2008
- 2008-01-23 UA UAA200800823A patent/UA88099C2/en unknown
- 2008-07-07 ZA ZA200805902A patent/ZA200805902B/en unknown
- 2008-07-07 ZA ZA200805901A patent/ZA200805901B/en unknown
-
2011
- 2011-09-27 CY CY20111100931T patent/CY1111862T1/en unknown
Also Published As
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP2311604B1 (en) | A method for increasing gloss on a polished, hard floor surface of stone or stone-like material | |
US20120156971A1 (en) | Method and tool for maintenance of hard surfaces, and a method for manufacturing such a tool | |
ZA200805901B (en) | Methods and tool for maintenance of hard surfaces and a method for manufacturing such a tool | |
AU2007216871C1 (en) | Methods and Tool for Maintenance of Hard Surfaces, and a Method for Manufacturing Such a Tool |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AC | Divisional application: reference to earlier application |
Ref document number: 1702714 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: P |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
PUAL | Search report despatched |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A3 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20080110 |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20080214 |
|
AKX | Designation fees paid |
Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
AXX | Extension fees paid |
Extension state: HR Payment date: 20080110 Extension state: YU Payment date: 20080110 Extension state: BA Payment date: 20080110 Extension state: MK Payment date: 20080110 |
|
RAX | Requested extension states of the european patent have changed |
Extension state: RS Payment date: 20080110 Extension state: MK Payment date: 20080110 Extension state: HR Payment date: 20080110 Extension state: BA Payment date: 20080110 |
|
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
RTI1 | Title (correction) |
Free format text: USE OF A SYSTEM FOR FOR EVERYDAY MAINTENANCE OF A HARD FLOOR SURFACE OF STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIAL |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AC | Divisional application: reference to earlier application |
Ref document number: 1702714 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: P |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: T3 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: SE Ref legal event code: TRGR |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R096 Ref document number: 602005029038 Country of ref document: DE Effective date: 20110908 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: RO Ref legal event code: EPE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: PT Ref legal event code: SC4A Free format text: AVAILABILITY OF NATIONAL TRANSLATION Effective date: 20111011 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: NV Representative=s name: FIAMMENGHI-FIAMMENGHI Ref country code: DK Ref legal event code: T3 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: SK Ref legal event code: T3 Ref document number: E 10244 Country of ref document: SK |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: EE Ref legal event code: FG4A Ref document number: E005856 Country of ref document: EE Effective date: 20111007 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2370913 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 Effective date: 20111223 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: PL Ref legal event code: T3 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GR Ref legal event code: EP Ref document number: 20110402342 Country of ref document: GR Effective date: 20111117 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: HU Ref legal event code: AG4A Ref document number: E012151 Country of ref document: HU |
|
PLBI | Opposition filed |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009260 |
|
PLAX | Notice of opposition and request to file observation + time limit sent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNOBS2 |
|
26 | Opposition filed |
Opponent name: 3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES CO. Effective date: 20120412 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R026 Ref document number: 602005029038 Country of ref document: DE Effective date: 20120412 |
|
PLAF | Information modified related to communication of a notice of opposition and request to file observations + time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSCOBS2 |
|
PLBB | Reply of patent proprietor to notice(s) of opposition received |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNOBS3 |
|
PLAB | Opposition data, opponent's data or that of the opponent's representative modified |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009299OPPO |
|
PLAB | Opposition data, opponent's data or that of the opponent's representative modified |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009299OPPO |
|
R26 | Opposition filed (corrected) |
Opponent name: 3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES CO. Effective date: 20120412 |
|
R26 | Opposition filed (corrected) |
Opponent name: 3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES CO. Effective date: 20120412 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R103 Ref document number: 602005029038 Country of ref document: DE Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R064 Ref document number: 602005029038 Country of ref document: DE |
|
RDAF | Communication despatched that patent is revoked |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNREV1 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BG Payment date: 20140211 Year of fee payment: 10 Ref country code: LU Payment date: 20140313 Year of fee payment: 10 Ref country code: RO Payment date: 20140213 Year of fee payment: 10 Ref country code: MC Payment date: 20140212 Year of fee payment: 10 Ref country code: SK Payment date: 20140207 Year of fee payment: 10 Ref country code: NL Payment date: 20140308 Year of fee payment: 10 Ref country code: CZ Payment date: 20140228 Year of fee payment: 10 Ref country code: FI Payment date: 20140311 Year of fee payment: 10 Ref country code: LT Payment date: 20140220 Year of fee payment: 10 Ref country code: IS Payment date: 20140207 Year of fee payment: 10 Ref country code: EE Payment date: 20140213 Year of fee payment: 10 Ref country code: CH Payment date: 20140312 Year of fee payment: 10 Ref country code: SE Payment date: 20140311 Year of fee payment: 10 Ref country code: DK Payment date: 20140311 Year of fee payment: 10 Ref country code: IE Payment date: 20140311 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Payment date: 20140310 Year of fee payment: 10 Ref country code: HU Payment date: 20140225 Year of fee payment: 10 Ref country code: AT Payment date: 20140226 Year of fee payment: 10 Ref country code: PL Payment date: 20140218 Year of fee payment: 10 Ref country code: TR Payment date: 20140226 Year of fee payment: 10 Ref country code: SI Payment date: 20140211 Year of fee payment: 10 Ref country code: ES Payment date: 20140211 Year of fee payment: 10 Ref country code: GR Payment date: 20140214 Year of fee payment: 10 Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20140311 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
RDAG | Patent revoked |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009271 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: PATENT REVOKED |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20140312 Year of fee payment: 10 Ref country code: PT Payment date: 20140228 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PLX |
|
27W | Patent revoked |
Effective date: 20140122 |
|
GBPR | Gb: patent revoked under art. 102 of the ep convention designating the uk as contracting state |
Effective date: 20140122 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Payment date: 20140312 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: PT Ref legal event code: MP4A Effective date: 20140730 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20140417 Year of fee payment: 10 Ref country code: CY Payment date: 20140206 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: SK Ref legal event code: MC4A Ref document number: E 10244 Country of ref document: SK Effective date: 20140122 Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R107 Ref document number: 602005029038 Country of ref document: DE Effective date: 20140904 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: EE Ref legal event code: MF4A Ref document number: E005856 Country of ref document: EE Effective date: 20140729 Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: MA03 Ref document number: 516109 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20140122 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF THE APPLICANT RENOUNCES Effective date: 20110713 Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF THE APPLICANT RENOUNCES Effective date: 20110713 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: SE Ref legal event code: ECNC |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: SE Ref legal event code: ECNC |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: SI Ref legal event code: KO00 Effective date: 20151116 |