EP1741847A2 - Building block, especially of concrete, with formfitting projection and groove - Google Patents

Abstract

A walling block, made preferably of concrete, has a single registration stud (8, 9) positioned symmetrically on the top surface to engage slots (11, 12) on the underside of similar blocks to stabilize stacking. The registration studs are symmetrical, e.g. half spherical and are positioned symmetrically to the center line through the block, with the block size varied in set sub dimensions. The stud and groove system allows the blocks to be laid in a curving pattern without loosing stability.

Description

The invention relates to a brick, in particular of concrete according to the preamble of claim 1 and such a brick comprehensive wall.

From the DE 90 15 196 U1 is known a concrete block with an upper side and a lower side, which has a survey at the top, which is formed by two spaced knobs, and which has on the underside extending in a longitudinal direction of the brick as a groove recess, wherein superimposed bricks interact positively. A disadvantage of such a brick is the fact that the knobs from a lower brick position fix a lying in an upper brick layer brick and thereby define its orientation. This is particularly disadvantageous in the construction of walls with changing wall radius.

The invention has for its object to develop a brick or such a brick comprehensive wall, which or which allows an individual alignment of the individual brick to one or more located under this brick.

This object is solved by the characterizing features of claims 1 and 10. In the dependent claims advantageous and expedient developments are given.

The brick according to the invention has on an upper side a survey, which is formed by a single rotationally symmetrical projection. This makes it possible to freely choose the orientation of a brick to one or more lying below this brick, in principle, the brick is freely rotatable about a running through a projection of an underlying brick high axis. Thus, it is possible to build walls with a curve or walls with changing radius, since the orientation of the bricks can be changed in small steps. Core of the invention is thus a brick, which rests positively on a brick position and not only on this is freely displaceable, but is also freely rotatable about this. Thus, the brick according to the invention allows the construction of a wall in which the individual bricks are connected to increase the stability of the wall, but still allow the greatest possible degrees of freedom for the offset of the individual bricks.

The invention further provides for arranging the projection on the upper side of the brick offset to transverse center planes defined by a grid of walls which divide the brick wall partial masonry, which correspond to the grid of walls. As a result, when building a wall with staggered in adjacent wall layers arranged stacks ensure that the projection of a brick engages completely in the groove of a resting brick and not simultaneously cooperates with two resting bricks, which collide exactly over the projection of the underlying brick. Such an arrangement of the projection ensures an effective interaction of superimposed bricks, in particular even with a relatively small dimensioning of the projection and the groove.

Alternatively, the invention provides to align the projection on the or one of the defined by a wall grid transverse center plane or transverse center planes, which divides the brick in the grid corresponding partial bricks. By such a positioning of the projection, it is possible to build a wall, in which, in particular at a relatively large dimensioning of projection and groove a lower brick secures with its one projection two overlying bricks.

Furthermore, the invention provides to arrange the projection and the recess at the same distance from the front and / or back of the brick. As a result, the construction of a wall with a vertical viewing side is possible.

According to the invention it is provided to form the recess on the underside of the brick by at least two grooves, which are arranged parallel to each other at a constant distance from a front and / or back of the brick. This allows the construction of walls with vertical sides and the construction of walls with sloping visible sides, z. As so-called embankment walls, with both types of masonry a positive interaction of superimposed bricks is guaranteed.

The invention further provides to form the projection frustoconical or hemispherical or cylindrical. Such shapes can be easily realized in the brick making concrete.

Furthermore, it is inventively provided to arrange ribs on the lateral surface of the projection. As a result, the twisting of a resting on this projection brick is difficult and it is done by a slight twisting and a slight wedging, which stability increased the connection between two co-operating bricks.

According to the invention, the brick has a flat front side and / or rear side or a front and / or rear side curved in each case around a horizontal and / or vertical axis. As a result, bricks can

Finally, the invention provides a wall which is constructed of bricks according to the invention.

Further details of the invention are described in the drawing with reference to schematically illustrated Ausführungsbeisielen.

Figur 1a - 1c:

verschiedene Ansichten eines Mauersteins;

Figur 2a - 2c:

Draufsichten auf drei weitere Mauersteine mit einer Nut;

Figur 2d:

einen Schnitt durch eine zweilagige Mauer aus Mauersteinen gemäß Figur 2b und 2c;

Figur 3a - 3c:

Draufsichten auf weitere drei Mauersteine mit jeweils drei parallelen Nuten;

Figur 3d:

einen Schnitt durch eine zweilagige Böschungsmauer aus Mauersteinen gemäß Figur 3b und 3c;

Figur 4a - 4c:

verschiedene Ansichten einer Böschungsmauer aus erfindungsgemäßen Mauersteinen und Sondersteinen;

Figur 5a, 5b:

zwei Draufsichten auf zwei jeweils abschnittsweise zweilagige Mauern;

Figur 6:

eine Draufsicht auf eine Mauerlage eines Pfeilers;

Figur 7a:

eine im Viertelversatz aufgemauerte Mauer aus Mauersteinen, welche jeweils einen mittig angeordneten Vorsprung aufweisen;

Figur 7b:

einen Seitenansicht der in der Figur 7a dargestellten Mauer aus einer Pfeilrichtung VIIb;

Figur 7c:

eine im Halbversatz aufgemauerte Mauer aus Mauersteinen, welche jeweils einen außermittig angeordneten Vorsprung aufweisen;

Figur 8:

einen Mauerabschnitt einer aus bekannten Mauersteinen aufgemauerten Mauer und

Figur 9a - 9b:

Draufsichten auf eine Mauer aus erfindungsgemäßen Mauersteinen in zwei Ausführungsvarianten.

Hereby shows:

FIGS. 1a-1c:

different views of a brick;

FIGS. 2a-2c:

Top views of three further bricks with a groove;

FIG. 2d:

a section through a two-layer wall of bricks according to Figure 2b and 2c;

FIGS. 3a-3c:

Plan views of another three bricks, each with three parallel grooves;

Figure 3d:

a section through a two-layer embankment wall of bricks according to Figure 3b and 3c;

FIGS. 4a-4c:

different views of a slope wall of bricks and special stones according to the invention;

FIGS. 5a, 5b:

two plan views of two two sections each two-ply walls;

FIG. 6:

a plan view of a wall layer of a pillar;

FIG. 7a:

a wall of bricks, bricked up quarter-by-quarter, each having a centrally located projection;

FIG. 7b:

a side view of the wall shown in Figure 7a from an arrow VIIb;

FIG. 7c:

a wall of bricks, bricked up in half offset, each having an off-center projection;

FIG. 8:

a wall section of a wall bricked up from known bricks and

FIGS. 9a-9b:

Top views of a wall of bricks according to the invention in two variants.

FIG. 1a shows a brick 1 in a perspective view. The brick 1 has a front side 2, a back 3, a top 4, a bottom 5 and Contact pages 6, 7 up. On the top 4 a survey 8 is arranged, which is designed in the form of a rotationally symmetrical projection 9 as a hemisphere 10. The brick 1 is designed as a so-called solid stone VS and is used to create walls in the so-called quarter offset with a quarter-stone, not shown. Thus, the brick 1 is placed in a grid MR, in which a width B1 of the brick 1 corresponds to four grid widths RB. By the wall grid MR three transverse center planes QE are defined, which divide the brick 1 into four equal partial masonry blocks TM1 to TM4. The rotationally symmetrical projection 9 is cut from the central transverse center plane QE into two quarter spheres 10a, 10b. On the underside 5 of the brick 1, a recess 11 is arranged, which is formed as a groove 12 and extends in a longitudinal direction x of the brick 1 parallel to the front side 2 and the back 3.

FIG. 1b shows a side view from an arrow direction 1b on the brick 1 shown in FIG. The rotationally symmetrical projection 9 has a vertical axis HA, which cuts the groove 12 on the underside 3 of the brick 1 in cross-section in the middle. Accordingly, the projection 9 and the groove 12 have the same distances a and b to the front side 2 and the back 3, respectively. In the present embodiment, the distances a, b are the same size. Irrespective of this, the sum of a and b corresponds to a stone depth T1.

Finally, FIG. 1c shows a plan view of the brick 1 shown in FIG. The course of the groove 12 is indicated by dashed lines. FIG. 1c once again shows the transverse center planes QE dividing the brick wall 1, the vertical axis HA of the projection 9 lying in the middle transverse center planes QE.

FIGS. 2a to 2c show top views of three further bricks 13a, 13b and 13c which, in contrast to the brick shown in FIGS. 1a to 1c, each have a protrusion 9 formed by a protrusion 9, which protrudes beyond a wall raster MR lying for a half-offset transverse center plane QE is located. The wall grid MR shown on the bricks 13a, 13b, 13c divides the bricks 13a, 13b, 13c in the middle of their widths B13a, B13b, B13c into two roughly equal partial bricks TM1 and TM2.

FIG. 2d shows a section through a wall M, which is composed of two wall layers ML1 and ML2. The cut bricks 13a, 13b act together in a form-fitting manner, wherein the projection 9 of the brick 13b engages in a groove 12 of the brick 13a.

FIGS. 3a to 3c show three further bricks 14a, 14b, 14c. With regard to a lateral offset V of an elevation 8 designed as a rotationally symmetrical projection 9 to transverse center planes QE, the brick 14a, 14b, 14c correspond to the bricks shown in FIGS. 2a to 2c. The bricks 14a, 14b, 14c are provided for the offset in half offset, in which the wall is completed laterally in each second wall layer by a half stone not shown here. In this case, the offset V corresponds approximately to a diameter D9 of the projection 9. In contrast to the bricks shown in FIGS. 2a to 2c, the bricks 14a, 14b, 14c each have a recess 11 on concealed undersides, which each extend through three mutually parallel ones Grooves 12 is formed. This makes it possible not only freestanding, vertical walls (see Figure 2d) to produce, but to build walls M, which are designed as embankment walls BM and stepwise receding wall layers ML1, ML2 have. This is exemplified in the figure 3d. The masonry blocks 14a, 14b shown in section belong to wall layers ML2 and ML1, which additionally have different heights of stones H14a and H14b.

FIGS. 4a to 4c show a further wall M embodied as a retaining wall BM in different views. All the bricks 15 according to the invention and special masonry stones SM of this embankment wall BM each have on undersides 5 a recess 11, which is formed by three mutually parallel grooves 12. The embankment wall BM consisting of three layers SL1, SL2, SL3 has an inclination α of about 82 °. In the figure 4c, which shows the slope wall BM in plan view, stages ST1 and ST2 are recognizable, which arise through the relation to the wall layer ML1 or ML2 set back wall layers ML2 and ML3.

FIGS. 5a, 5b show in plan view two walls M, which are constructed in two layers in sections and consist exclusively of bricks 13a, as they are already known from FIG. 2a. The wall M shown in FIG. 5a has a curved course with a wall radius RM. A lower wall layer ML1 consists of five in plan view trapezoidal walls 13a. Of a lying on the first wall layer ML1 second wall layer ML2 is merely an example of a brick 13a shown, which is placed according to a half offset on two underlying bricks 13a. For better distinguishability of the brick 13a of the upper wall layer ML2 is shown speckled. Since the protrusions 9 of the bricks 13a shown in FIG. 5a are each arranged centrally, the bricks 13a located in the second wall layer ML2 overlap with their groove 12 two adjacent protrusions 9 in each case in half. This is also true for the straight shown in Figure 5b extending wall M too. Here are in a lower wall layer ML1 six bricks 13a, which are alternately strung together by 180 ° about a vertical axis HA their projections 9. In a second wall layer ML2 only another brick 13a is exemplarily shown, which also covers two adjacent projections 9 of the lower wall layer ML1 with its groove 12 in half. Due to the central arrangement of the projection and the choice of a half offset, it is thus possible even with bricks with only one projection to create a wall in which an upper brick with its groove each overlaps the projections of two lower lying bricks about halfway. In principle, such a connection of superimposed masonry layers can also be achieved in the case of an off-center arrangement of the projection, if the offset of the bricks is selected to correspond to one another.

FIG. 6 shows a wall layer ML1 of a pillar P in plan view. The pillar P has in plan view a square base PG, which is formed in each wall layer ML1 by four square bricks 16. The bricks 16 each have a front side 2 and a contact side 7, which serve as visible sides 17 and extend at right angles to each other in plan view.

FIG. 7 a shows a wall M built up in the quarter offset, which is essentially formed of bricks 1, the wall M being completed laterally by supplementary stones ES formed as quarterstones. The bricks 1 essentially correspond to the brick described in FIGS. 1a to 1c and each have a rotationally symmetrical projection 9 arranged on the geometric center of a top side 4 with a vertical axis HA, which is designed as a truncated cone. The vertical axis HA is in the middle of three by Wall grid MR defined transverse center planes QE, which divide each brick 1 into four equal partial brick stones TM1 to TM4. Due to the quarter offset affects each projection 9 of a lying below a top wall layer ML4 solid stone VS with a solid stones VS the next higher wall layer ML2 or ML3 or ML4 together and thus leads to a toothing, in which a rotation of an upper wall block 1 to a lower brick 1 around its vertical axis HA is possible.

FIG. 7b shows a side view of the wall M shown in FIG. 7a from an arrow VIIb. The side view shows how grooves 12 of the bricks 1 and the supplementary stones ES are adapted to the projections 9 in cross section.

FIG. 7c shows a wall M walled up in a semi-offset manner, which wall essentially consists of bricks 18 and is completed by supplementary stones ES formed as semi-stones. The bricks 18 have projections 9, which are arranged in each case off-center, in contrast to the bricks shown in Figure 7a. That is to say, a vertical axis HA of the rotationally symmetrical projections 9 is offset parallel to a transverse center plane QE, which divides each masonry block 18 executed as solid brick VS into two equal partial masonry blocks TM1 and TM2. As a result, even with respect to the brick 18 small-dimensioned projections 9 a secure form-fitting cohesion of the bricks 18 by means of the projections 9 and grooves 12 is ensured. Due to the eccentric arrangement of the projections 9 at walls bricked up in the semi-offset M it is achieved that projections 9 do not come to lie below vertical butt joints 19 and thereby produce an insufficient positive fit.

In FIG. 8, a wall section 100 of a wall 101 is shown in simplified form, which is bricked up from bricks 102 as stated in the introduction to the description DE 90 15 196 U1 are known. The bricks 102 each have two projections 104, 105 on an upper side 103 (shown for simplicity only with the bricks 102 of a lower wall layer 109) which cooperate with a groove 106 of a brick wall 102 lying in an upper wall layer 107 (for simplicity, FIG Groove in the bricks of the lower wall layer 109 not shown), wherein the groove 106 is disposed respectively on an underside 108 of the bricks 102. This two-point connection causes the bricks 102 from the upper wall layer 107 with respect to the bricks 102 from a lower wall layer 109 is not rotated, but can be moved only in opposite directions of arrows 110 and 111 in the direction of the groove 106. By this limited positioning is no displacement of the wall layers 107 and 109 against each other possible without creating a technically unacceptable structure of the wall.

FIGS. 9a and 9b show two alternative embodiments of walls M with a lower wall layer ML1 and an upper wall layer ML2 of bricks 20 according to the invention, which are trapezoidal in plan view and each have an off-center projection 9 on an upper side 4 and on a lower side respectively have a longitudinally extending groove 12 (for ease of illustration, the projections 9 are shown only in the bricks 20 of the lower wall layer ML 1 and the grooves 12 only in the bricks 20 of the upper wall layer ML2). In comparison of FIGS. 9a and 9b, it can be seen that the upper wall layer ML2 can be displaced relative to the lower wall layer ML1 by a displacement path u or rotated on the lower wall layer ML1 (see Figure 9a). Thus, the wall M can be individually adapted to the respective requirements. In particular, it is also possible to erect walls with the bricks according to the invention which have a course with changing radii.

The invention is not limited to illustrated or described embodiments. Rather, it includes developments of the invention within the scope of the patent claims. In particular, the invention also provides to form the brick according to the invention in plan view with the contour of a portion of a circular ring. Furthermore, the concave or convex formation of contact surfaces of the bricks is provided. The invention also provides so-called cover stones, which can be placed on the topmost wall layer. These are characterized by a top without projection and have on a bottom at least one groove to be connected to the stones of the top layer of masonry can. In these covering stones, in particular, an upper side is provided, which is formed by two obliquely extending in roof shape surfaces.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

brick

2

front

3

back

4

top

5

bottom

6, 7

Contact

8th

survey

9

rotationally symmetrical projection

10

hemisphere

10a, 10b

quarter-sphere

11

groove-shaped recess

12

groove

13a, 13b, 13c

brick

14a, 14b, 14c

brick

15

brick

16

Square brick

17

Main page

18

brick

19

vertical butt joint

20

brick

a, b

Distance between 12 and 2 or 12 and 3

x

Longitudinal direction of the brick

B1

Width of 1

B13a

Width of 13a

B13b

Width of 13b

B13c

Width of 13c

BM

retaining wall

D9

Diameter of 9

IT

Supplementary stone

HA

Vertical axis of 9

H14a, H14b

Height of 14a or 14b

M

Wall

ML1 - ML4

wall location

MR

wall grid

P

pier

PG

Base area of P

QE

Transverse center plane

RM

wall radius

SM

Special brick

ST1, ST2

step

TM1 - TM4

Part brick

T1

Depth of 1

V

Offset between QE and HA

VS

Solid block

100

Wall section 100

101

Wall

102

bricks

103

top

104

head Start

105

projections

106

groove

107

wall location

108

Bottom 108

109

wall location

110

arrow directions

111

arrow directions

Claims (11)

Brick, in particular of concrete, for the construction of walls (M, BM) and pillars (P), wherein the brick at a top (4) has a projection (8) and at a bottom (5) one in a longitudinal direction (x) of the brick extending recess (11, 12) and superimposed bricks interact positively, characterized in that the elevation (8) of the brick (1, 13a, 13b, 13c, 14a, 14b, 14c, 15, 16, 18, 20) by a single rotationally symmetrical projection (9) is formed. Brick according to claim 1, characterized in that the projection (9) offset to one or more by a wall grid (MR) defined transverse center planes (QE) is arranged, which the brick (13a, 13b, 13c, 14a, 14b, 14c; ; 16; 18; 20) in the wall grid (MR) corresponding Teilmauersteine (TM1, TM2) share. Wall brick according to claim 1, characterized in that the projection (9) is cut by the or one of the transverse center planes (QE) which form the brick (1) according to a wall grid (MR) into partial bricks (TM1, TM2, TM3, TM4). share. Brick according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the projection (9) and the recess (11, 12) equal distances (a, b) to the front (2) and / or back (3) of the brick (1, 13a , 13b, 13c; 14a, 14b, 14c; 15; 16; 18; 20). Brick according to claim 1, characterized in that the recess (11) on the underside (5) of the brick (1; 13a, 13b, 13c; 14a, 14b, 14c; 15; 16; 18; 20) is formed by at least two grooves ( 12) is formed, which parallel to each other at a constant distance (a, b) to the Front side (2) and / or the back (3) of the brick (1; 13a, 13b, 13c; 14a, 14b, 14c; 15; 16; 18; 20) are arranged. Brick according to one of claims 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that the projection (9) is frusto-conical, or hemispherical (10) or cylindrical. Brick according to one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4 or 6, characterized in that the projection (9) has on its lateral surface ribs, which make it difficult to rotate in the groove (12). Brick according to one of claims 4 or 5, characterized in that the front side (2) and / or the rear side (3) is flat. Brick according to one of claims 4 or 5, characterized in that the front side (2) and / or the back (3) is curved in each case about a horizontal and / or vertical axis. Wall (M, BM) or pillar (P), characterized in that the wall (M, BM) or the pillar (P) in all brick layers (ML1, ML2, ML3, ML4) bricks (1; 13a, 13b, 13c; 14a, 14b, 14c; 15; 16; 18; 20) according to any one of claims 1 to 9. Wall (M, BM) or pillar (P) according to claim 10, characterized in that the bricks (1; 13a, 13b, 13c; 14a, 14b, 14c; 15; 16; 18; 20) are arranged in adjacent wall layers (ML1, ML1). ML2, ML3, ML4) are arranged offset from one another.

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