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EP1612628B1 - Large date indication device - Google Patents

Large date indication device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1612628B1
EP1612628B1 EP04405399A EP04405399A EP1612628B1 EP 1612628 B1 EP1612628 B1 EP 1612628B1 EP 04405399 A EP04405399 A EP 04405399A EP 04405399 A EP04405399 A EP 04405399A EP 1612628 B1 EP1612628 B1 EP 1612628B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rocker
drive
disc
month
date
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP04405399A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1612628A1 (en
Inventor
Willy Cleusix
Norbert Perucchi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
De Grisogono SA
Original Assignee
De Grisogono SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by De Grisogono SA filed Critical De Grisogono SA
Priority to EP04405399A priority Critical patent/EP1612628B1/en
Priority to AT04405399T priority patent/ATE337574T1/en
Priority to DE602004002107T priority patent/DE602004002107D1/en
Priority to US11/167,402 priority patent/US7133328B2/en
Publication of EP1612628A1 publication Critical patent/EP1612628A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1612628B1 publication Critical patent/EP1612628B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B19/00—Indicating the time by visual means
    • G04B19/24—Clocks or watches with date or week-day indicators, i.e. calendar clocks or watches; Clockwork calendars
    • G04B19/243—Clocks or watches with date or week-day indicators, i.e. calendar clocks or watches; Clockwork calendars characterised by the shape of the date indicator
    • G04B19/247—Clocks or watches with date or week-day indicators, i.e. calendar clocks or watches; Clockwork calendars characterised by the shape of the date indicator disc-shaped
    • G04B19/253—Driving or releasing mechanisms
    • G04B19/25333—Driving or releasing mechanisms wherein the date indicators are driven or released mechanically by a clockwork movement
    • G04B19/25353—Driving or releasing mechanisms wherein the date indicators are driven or released mechanically by a clockwork movement driven or released stepwise by the clockwork movement
    • G04B19/25366—Driving or releasing mechanisms wherein the date indicators are driven or released mechanically by a clockwork movement driven or released stepwise by the clockwork movement manually corrected at the end of months having less than 31 days

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of watchmaking, more particularly to a mechanism for a large date display, by means of a disk of the units and a tens disk whose drive of said disks is effected by the intermediate cam and tilt device.
  • a device of this type is described in GB 2345 352A.
  • Such a device makes it possible to advance one step of the tens disk and the maintenance of the disk of the units between the last day of the month and the first day of the next month by cam systems thus preventing a shift of one day between the indicated date and the actual date.
  • This device is a simple calendar.
  • Such a device has an instantaneous mechanism, which implies a complex system consisting of several levers and springs.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a relatively compact and simple system for a large date display to allow eccentric positioning of said device relative to the base movement.
  • the invention proposes a watch mechanism with a simple date display by means of a mechanism that includes a cam system which actuates, via a rocker, two drive devices working with the disk of tens and disk units. Profiles of cams have been defined to ensure the transition from the 31st to the first of next month.
  • this device has a semi-instantaneous mechanism that has a single flip-flop and simplifies movement.
  • the drive (12) of the star (4) is positioned on the underside of the rocker and driven on the pin of a pinion (22) which meshes with the gear train (14).
  • the drive device (13) is positioned on the top of the rocker (9) and driven on the pin of a pinion (23) which also meshes with the gear train (14). Said pinions (22, 23) rotate on their axis through the drive of said gear train.
  • the rocker (9) which has two angled arms, pivots about its axis (17) so as to ensure a tilting movement of its ends.
  • This arrangement ensures a transition from 31 to the first of the next month and thus avoids the shift of one day between the indicated date and the actual date. That is to say that on the 31st of the month the units disk already displays 1 and thus by disconnecting the drive device (13) from the disk of the units (1) only the tens disk is in gear, showing the number 0. Thus the date 01 is displayed.
  • rocker (9) is provided with a gear train meshing with two pinions (22, 23) integral with the drive devices (12, 13). positioned at each end of said gear train thereby ensuring adequate rotation of said drive devices (12, 13).
  • the rotation of the driving devices (12, 13) which respectively actuates the advance of one step of the disc of the units (1) every day and the advance of one step of the disc from tens (2) to 31 of each month, is performed through said gear train (14).
  • FIG. 3 One embodiment of the drive devices (12, 13) of the present invention is shown in FIG. 3. These devices may comprise one or more fingers depending on the need for the necessary gear reduction.
  • the embodiment is in no way limiting and therefore the flip-flop (9) and the driving devices (12, 13) can take on any other form from the moment the tilting is effected as previously described.
  • the driving devices (12, 13) are provided with three nozzles having an angle of 120 ° between them.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromechanical Clocks (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Display Devices Of Pinball Game Machines (AREA)
  • Eye Examination Apparatus (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)

Abstract

The system has driving devices (12, 13) connected to a lever (9) which works with cams (10, 11) that are connected to a control mobile (5) which rotates per month. The cams are provided with a tooth (20) and a recess (21) which assures the maintenance of the device (12) in a disengaged position till the tooth and the recess activate the lever to engage and to disengage the devices (12, 13) respectively.

Description

La présente invention est relative au domaine de l'horlogerie, plus particulièrement à un mécanisme pour un affichage grande date, au moyen d'un disque des unités et d'un disque des dizaines dont l'entraînement desdits disques s'effectue par l'intermédiaire d'un dispositif à cames et à bascule.The present invention relates to the field of watchmaking, more particularly to a mechanism for a large date display, by means of a disk of the units and a tens disk whose drive of said disks is effected by the intermediate cam and tilt device.

Une multitude de mécanismes pour affichage grande date existent. Ce type d'affichage permet d'augmenter la taille des chiffres puisqu'il s'agit d'une combinaison entre les chiffres des dizaines et des unités. Ces mécanismes grande date permettent donc une meilleure lecture de la date que les systèmes contenant un disque à quantième unique tout en conservant une taille modérée de façon à garder un calibre raisonnable.A multitude of mechanisms for big date display exist. This type of display makes it possible to increase the size of the digits since it is a combination between the numbers of the tens and the units. These large date mechanisms therefore allow a better reading of the date than systems containing a single date disc while maintaining a moderate size so as to keep a reasonable size.

Il existe déjà des systèmes appartenant à l'état de la technique qui proposent un affichage grande date, au moyen d'un disque des unités et d'un disque des dizaines.There are already state-of-the-art systems that provide a large date display, by means of a disk of units and a disk of tens.

Un dispositif de ce type est décrit dans le document GB 2345 352A. Un tel dispositif permet l'avance d'un pas du disque des dizaines et le maintien du disque des unités entre le dernier jour du mois et le premier jour du prochain mois par des systèmes à cames empêchant ainsi un décalage d'un jour entre la date indiquée et la date réelle. Ce dispositif est un quantième simple. Un tel dispositif présente un mécanisme instantané, ce qui implique un système complexe constitué de plusieurs leviers et ressorts.A device of this type is described in GB 2345 352A. Such a device makes it possible to advance one step of the tens disk and the maintenance of the disk of the units between the last day of the month and the first day of the next month by cam systems thus preventing a shift of one day between the indicated date and the actual date. This device is a simple calendar. Such a device has an instantaneous mechanism, which implies a complex system consisting of several levers and springs.

Le but de la présente invention est de proposer un système relativement compact et simple pour un affichage de grande date afin de permettre un positionnement excentré dudit dispositif par rapport au mouvement de base.The object of the present invention is to provide a relatively compact and simple system for a large date display to allow eccentric positioning of said device relative to the base movement.

L'invention propose à cet effet, un mécanisme d'horlogerie à affichage d'un quantième simple grâce à un mécanisme qui comporte un système à cames qui actionne par l'intermédiaire d'une bascule deux dispositifs d'entraînement travaillant avec le disque des dizaines et le disque des unités. Les profiles des cames ont été définis de façon à assurer le passage de la date du 31 au premier du mois prochain.To this end, the invention proposes a watch mechanism with a simple date display by means of a mechanism that includes a cam system which actuates, via a rocker, two drive devices working with the disk of tens and disk units. Profiles of cams have been defined to ensure the transition from the 31st to the first of next month.

A la différence du document GB 2345 352A, ce dispositif possède un mécanisme semi-instantané qui présente une seule bascule et simplifie le mouvement.Unlike GB 2345 352A, this device has a semi-instantaneous mechanism that has a single flip-flop and simplifies movement.

D'autres caractéristiques de l'invention sont exposées dans les revendications et ressortiront dans la description qui suit.Other features of the invention are set forth in the claims and will become apparent in the description which follows.

Un mode de réalisation de l'invention va maintenant être décrit à titre d'exemple en se référant aux figures schématiques, dans lesquelles :

  • La figure 1 représente une vue en plan du dispositif pour un affichage grande date, au 31 du mois, juste avant la séquence de mouvements enclenchée par les cames et la bascule.
  • La figure 2 représente une vue en plan du dispositif pour un affichage grande date, au premier jour du mois, juste après la séquence de mouvements enclenchée par les cames et la bascule
  • La figure 3 représente une vue en plan et en coupe selon la ligne B-C de l'un des deux dispositifs d'entraînement chassé sur un pignon qui engrène avec un train de rouage.
  • La figure 4 représente une vue en plan d'une bascule pourvue de deux doigts fixes qui travaillent avec les cames du mobile de commande et dont les deux dispositifs d'entraînement sont solidaires.
  • La figure 5 représente une vue en plan et en coupe selon la ligne A-B du mobile de commande.
An embodiment of the invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the schematic figures, in which:
  • Figure 1 shows a plan view of the device for a large date display, the 31 of the month, just before the sequence of movements engaged by the cams and the rocker.
  • FIG. 2 represents a plan view of the device for a large date display, at the first day of the month, just after the sequence of movements engaged by the cams and the rocker.
  • Figure 3 shows a plan view and in section along the line BC of one of the two driving devices driven on a pinion meshing with a gear train.
  • Figure 4 shows a plan view of a rocker provided with two fixed fingers which work with the cams of the control wheel and the two drive devices are integral.
  • Figure 5 shows a plan view and in section along the line AB of the control wheel.

Le mode de réalisation d'un mouvement d'horlogerie d'un système de quantième simple selon l'invention comporte :

  • Un disque des unités (1) qui comporte une denture interne (24) divisé en 10 segments et est maintenu en position de repos par un ressort sautoir (18). Ce disque comporte une dent (3).
  • Un disque des dizaines (2) solidaire d'une étoile (4) qui est entraînée par ladite dent (3) une fois par tour afin d'entraîner le disque (2) d'un pas tous les 10 jours.
The embodiment of a clockwork movement of a simple date system according to the invention comprises:
  • A disk of the units (1) which has an internal toothing (24) divided into 10 segments and is held in the rest position by a jumper spring (18). This disc has a tooth (3).
  • A tens disc (2) integral with a star (4) which is driven by said tooth (3) once per turn to drive the disc (2) one step every 10 days.

Le mobile de commande (5) (figure 5) comporte :

  • Une roue de 31 dents (6) qui est positionnée par un ressort sautoir (7) et actionnée par le mouvement de base.
  • Une roue (8) solidaire du mobile de commande (5) effectuant une révolution tous les mois.
  • Deux cames (10, 11) solidaires du mobile de commande comportant une dent (20) et une échancrure (21).
The control wheel (5) (FIG. 5) comprises:
  • A 31-tooth wheel (6) which is positioned by a jumper spring (7) and actuated by the basic movement.
  • A wheel (8) secured to the control wheel (5) making a revolution every month.
  • Two cams (10, 11) integral with the control wheel having a tooth (20) and a notch (21).

Les deux cames (10, 11) travaillent avec une bascule (9) (figure 4) qui comporte :

  • Deux systèmes d'entraînement (12, 13) destiné à basculer d'un pas d'une part le disque des unités (1) tous les jours et d'autre part le disque des dizaines (2) à la fin de chaque mois.
  • Un train de rouage (14) représenté schématiquement.
  • Deux doigts fixes (15, 16) qui travaillent avec le profile des cames (10,11).
The two cams (10, 11) work with a rocker (9) (Figure 4) which comprises:
  • Two drive systems (12, 13) for switching on one hand the disk units (1) every day and secondly the tens disk (2) at the end of each month.
  • A gear train (14) shown schematically.
  • Two fixed fingers (15, 16) working with the profile of the cams (10, 11).

Le dispositif d'entraînement (12) de l'étoile (4) est positionné sur le dessous de la bascule et chassé sur le tenon d'un pignon (22) qui engrène avec le train de rouage (14). Le dispositif d'entraînement (13) quant à lui est positionné sur le dessus de la bascule (9) et chassé sur le tenon d'un pignon (23) qui engrène également avec le train de rouage (14). Lesdits pignons (22, 23) tourne sur leur axe grâce à l'entraînement dudit train de rouage.The drive (12) of the star (4) is positioned on the underside of the rocker and driven on the pin of a pinion (22) which meshes with the gear train (14). The drive device (13) is positioned on the top of the rocker (9) and driven on the pin of a pinion (23) which also meshes with the gear train (14). Said pinions (22, 23) rotate on their axis through the drive of said gear train.

La bascule (9) qui comporte deux bras coudés, pivote autour de son axe (17) de manière à assurer un mouvement de basculement de ses extrémités.The rocker (9) which has two angled arms, pivots about its axis (17) so as to ensure a tilting movement of its ends.

Lorsque le dispositif indique le dernier jour du mois soit 31, la séquence des mouvements suivants est enclenchée :

  • Les doigts fixes (15, 16) de la bascule (9) épousent le contour de la dent (20) de la came (10) et de l'échancrure (21) de la came (11) provoquant un renversement de ladite bascule.
  • Le dispositif d'entraînement (12) s'engage et engrène avec l'étoile (4).
  • Au même instant le dispositif d'entraînement (13) se désolidarise du disque des unités (1).
  • Le dispositif d'entraînement (12) se libère de l'étoile (4), et l'étoile (4) avance d'un pas sous l'action du ressort sautoir (19).
  • Au même instant le dispositif d'entraînement (13) retourne dans sa position initiale et peut continuer à engrener avec le disque des unités (1) pour le restant du mois.
When the device indicates the last day of the month is 31, the sequence of the following movements is triggered:
  • The fixed fingers (15, 16) of the rocker (9) match the contour of the tooth (20) of the cam (10) and the notch (21) of the cam (11) causing a reversal of said rocker.
  • The driving device (12) engages and meshes with the star (4).
  • At the same time, the drive device (13) disengages from the disk of the units (1).
  • The driving device (12) is released from the star (4), and the star (4) advances one step under the action of the jumper spring (19).
  • At the same time the drive device (13) returns to its initial position and can continue to mesh with the disk units (1) for the remainder of the month.

Cet agencement assure un passage du 31 au premier du prochain mois et évite ainsi le décalage d'un jour entre la date indiquée et la date réelle. C'est-à-dire qu'au 31 du mois le disque des unités affiche déjà 1 et donc en désolidarisant le dispositif d'entraînement (13) du disque des unités (1) seul le disque des dizaines est engrené faisant apparaître le chiffre 0. Ainsi la date 01 s'affiche.This arrangement ensures a transition from 31 to the first of the next month and thus avoids the shift of one day between the indicated date and the actual date. That is to say that on the 31st of the month the units disk already displays 1 and thus by disconnecting the drive device (13) from the disk of the units (1) only the tens disk is in gear, showing the number 0. Thus the date 01 is displayed.

Par ailleurs, la bascule (9) est pourvue d'un train de rouage engrenant avec deux pignons (22, 23) solidaires aux dispositifs d'entraînement (12, 13) positionnés à chaque extrémité dudit train de rouage assurant ainsi la rotation adéquate desdits dispositifs d'entraînement (12, 13).Furthermore, the rocker (9) is provided with a gear train meshing with two pinions (22, 23) integral with the drive devices (12, 13). positioned at each end of said gear train thereby ensuring adequate rotation of said drive devices (12, 13).

La rotation des dispositifs d'entraînement (12, 13) qui actionne respectivement l'avance d'un pas du disque des unités (1) tous les jours et l'avance d'un pas du disque des dizaines (2) au 31 de chaque mois, est réalisée par l'intermédiaire dudit train de rouage (14).The rotation of the driving devices (12, 13) which respectively actuates the advance of one step of the disc of the units (1) every day and the advance of one step of the disc from tens (2) to 31 of each month, is performed through said gear train (14).

Un mode de réalisation des dispositifs d'entraînement (12,13) de la présente invention est symbolisé par la figure 3. Ces dispositifs peuvent comporter un ou plusieurs doigts selon le besoin de démultiplication nécessaire.One embodiment of the drive devices (12, 13) of the present invention is shown in FIG. 3. These devices may comprise one or more fingers depending on the need for the necessary gear reduction.

Le mode de réalisation est nullement limitatif et par conséquent la bascule (9) et les dispositifs d'entraînement (12, 13) peuvent revêtir n'importe quelle autre forme à partir du moment où le basculement s'effectue de la manière décrite précédemment. Dans une exécution, les dispositifs d'entraînement (12, 13) sont pourvus de trois becs ayant un angle de 120° entre eux.The embodiment is in no way limiting and therefore the flip-flop (9) and the driving devices (12, 13) can take on any other form from the moment the tilting is effected as previously described. In one embodiment, the driving devices (12, 13) are provided with three nozzles having an angle of 120 ° between them.

Claims (9)

  1. Date system for a horological movement comprising a tens disc (2) connected to a star wheel (4) and a units disc (1), which system is characterized in that the said units disc (1) comprises a tooth designed to drive the star wheel (4) once per revolution to drive the tens disc (2) every ten days, the star wheel (4) and the said units disc (1) being driven by a first and a second drive device (12, 13), the said drive devices (12, 13) being connected to a rocker (9) which works with cams (10, 11) connected to a driving runner (5), and the said cams having respective profiles (20, 21) that keep the first drive device (12) disengaged from the star wheel (4) until the profile of one cam (10) and the profile of another cam (11) actuate the said rocker in order to engage and disengage the respective drive devices (12, 13) on the last day of the month only in such a way as to move the display from the 31st to the 1st of the month without an error of one day between the date indicated and the actual date.
  2. Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the driving runner (5) executes one complete rotation per month.
  3. Device according to Claim 2, characterized in that a wheel train (14) connected to the driving runner (5) rotates the drive devices (12, 13) in order to drive the star wheel (4) connected to the tens disc (2) on the 31st of the month, and the units disc (1) every day, respectively.
  4. Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the profile of the cam (10) comprises a tooth (20) and the profile of the cam (11) comprises a notch (21).
  5. Device according to Claims 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that the drive devices (12, 13) are of a shape comprising one or more projections so as to give a demultiplication suitable for the date system of a horological movement.
  6. Device according to Claim 5, characterized in that the drive devices (12, 13) are provided with three projections at angles of 120° to each other.
  7. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rocker (9) possesses two separate fixed fingers (15, 16) working with the cams (10, 11).
  8. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wheel train (14) is connected to the rocker (9).
  9. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rocker (9) pivots about an axis (17) so as to bring about a rocking movement of the ends of the said rocker (9).
EP04405399A 2004-06-28 2004-06-28 Large date indication device Expired - Lifetime EP1612628B1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04405399A EP1612628B1 (en) 2004-06-28 2004-06-28 Large date indication device
AT04405399T ATE337574T1 (en) 2004-06-28 2004-06-28 DEVICE FOR LARGE DATE DISPLAY
DE602004002107T DE602004002107D1 (en) 2004-06-28 2004-06-28 Device for big date display
US11/167,402 US7133328B2 (en) 2004-06-28 2005-06-27 Large date display device

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04405399A EP1612628B1 (en) 2004-06-28 2004-06-28 Large date indication device

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1612628A1 EP1612628A1 (en) 2006-01-04
EP1612628B1 true EP1612628B1 (en) 2006-08-23

Family

ID=34932169

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04405399A Expired - Lifetime EP1612628B1 (en) 2004-06-28 2004-06-28 Large date indication device

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US7133328B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1612628B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE337574T1 (en)
DE (1) DE602004002107D1 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060285445A1 (en) * 2005-06-17 2006-12-21 Wolfgang Burkhardt Date display assembly for an electronic device
US7289392B2 (en) * 2005-06-17 2007-10-30 Timex Group B.V. Date display assembly for a timepiece

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH316461A (en) * 1954-04-06 1956-10-15 Valjoux Sa Date device for watch
CH573616B5 (en) * 1972-12-06 1976-03-15 Tavannes Ebauches Sa
CH1195773A4 (en) * 1973-08-20 1976-05-14
CH483974A4 (en) * 1974-04-05 1976-03-15
US4063411A (en) * 1975-11-06 1977-12-20 Pforzheimer Uhren-Rohwerke Rudolf Wehner Stepping mechanism
CH642809B (en) * 1980-11-07 Longines Montres Comp D WATCH WITH A PERPETUAL CALENDAR MECHANISM.
CH661171GA3 (en) 1985-09-27 1987-07-15
EP0515607B1 (en) 1990-12-14 1995-08-30 Montres Rolex Sa Wristwatch
DE4127825C1 (en) 1991-08-22 1992-10-01 Jaeger-Le Coultre S.A., Le Sentier, Ch
CH682967B5 (en) 1991-10-17 1994-06-30 Bulgari Gianni Spa A display device for a timepiece.
DE69806337T2 (en) 1998-03-05 2003-06-05 Frederic Piguet S.A., Le Brassus Calendar mechanism for clockwork
GB2345352B (en) * 1999-01-04 2002-11-27 Souza Paul Gerard D Large date display mechanism for clocks and watches & timers
FR2796732B1 (en) 1999-07-19 2001-11-02 Girard Perregaux Sa WATCHMAKING PIECE WITH DISPLAY OF THE QUANTIEME
DE10017589A1 (en) * 2000-04-08 2001-10-11 Glashuetter Uhrenbetrieb Gmbh Calendar mechanism for a clockwork
EP1220059B1 (en) 2000-12-22 2008-10-01 DTH Dubois Technique Horlogère SA Large date display mechanism for watch
ATE313106T1 (en) 2001-09-24 2005-12-15 Richemont Int Sa DATE DISPLAY MECHANISM
DE01811166T1 (en) * 2001-11-30 2004-03-11 Rolex Sa Process for manufacturing a calendar mechanism for a watch
DE01811165T1 (en) * 2001-11-30 2004-03-11 Rolex Sa Calendar mechanism for a watch
CH695397A5 (en) * 2002-04-15 2006-04-28 Richemont Int Sa Device date display.
EP1369753A1 (en) 2002-06-06 2003-12-10 Zenith International SA Timepiece with date display

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1612628A1 (en) 2006-01-04
US20050286348A1 (en) 2005-12-29
DE602004002107D1 (en) 2006-10-05
ATE337574T1 (en) 2006-09-15
US7133328B2 (en) 2006-11-07

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