EP1676684B1 - Method for manufacturing a building block - Google Patents

Abstract

Production of building stone especially hollow block stone consisting of inner and outer parts which via legs (3) stretching over only part of the stone height, are connected together in a mold where the stone material is compressed from starting height H1 by means of a press die to final height H2. The compression cross-section in the mold (1) in the compression region over the leg (3) is such that in the leg region a higher degree of compression is attained than in the remaining region of the stone. An independent claim is included for a building stone stone as described above.

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing a building block, in particular a hollow block, which consists of an inner and an outer stone part, which by webs, which each extend over only a portion of the height of the block in a form, wherein the stone material of a initial height H ₁ is compacted by a press plunger to a finished brick height H _2. The invention further relates to a device for carrying out the method and a device produced by the method.

A building block of the type mentioned, namely a hollow block made of concrete material, generally lightweight concrete, with an insulating intermediate layer between the inner stone part and the outer stone part is eg from the DE 27 06 714 C2 , of the DE 24 40 466 and the DE 32 12 582 A1 known.

By dividing the block in an inner and an outer stone part, which only by webs, generally two webs, which are each arranged at a distance from the stone outer sides and extending over only a portion of the stone height, one obtains a building block with a high insulation effect. This is due in particular to the fact that in the space between the two stone parts an insulating intermediate layer is introduced. The disadvantage here, however, is that the webs represent an unavoidable cold bridge and thus affect the insulation effect. For this reason, attempts are made to reduce the height and / or the width or thickness of the webs, ie their cross-section, as far as possible. For stability reasons, however, limits are set here, so that it does not come to quarries during transport and handling of the block.

The US 4,670,204 shows a method for producing a building block, which consists of an inner and an outer stone part, which are interconnected by webs, which each extend over only a portion of the height of the block, in a mold, wherein the stone material from an initial level a compacting punch is compressed to a finished height of the stone.

The present invention has for its object to optimize in a block of the type mentioned in the cross section of the webs so that on the one hand meets the requirements of strength, on the other hand, however, the cross section is kept as low as possible, so that the inevitable cold spots as low as possible are and thus improves the overall thermal insulation effect of the block.

This object is achieved by a method according to claim 1.

A device for carrying out the method is in claim 5 and a block according to the invention is described in claim 10.

The production of a building block is normally carried out in a reversed position as will be used later. The mold corresponds in the usual way to the negative mold of the block to be produced, wherein concrete material is introduced into the mold and then a press ram from above starting from an initial height H ₁ performs a compaction to a finished height of rock H ₂ . In the area of the webs, which extend only over a portion of the stone height, Concrete members protrude from the press die, which ensure that the concrete material in the area of the webs is pushed further downwards and thus the webs only extend over a partial area of the height after completion of the compacting process. In the compression process with the compression members, it might be attempted to achieve a higher compression ratio in the region of the webs by means of correspondingly longer compression members, which press the concrete material even more downwards in the web area and thus reduce the web height even more, compared to the remaining stone area. but due to the shape of the webs and a maximum possible compression path are set to the limits. With an increase in the compression pressure on the one hand in the area directly below the compaction members, the compression pressures would rise so much that it would damage and destroy the grains in the concrete, on the other hand, however, would be present at the same time loose concrete material in the lower part of the web to be formed.

The inventive method avoids this problem. The fact that the compression cross section in the compression region over the webs and thus the cross section of the compression members is smaller than in the region of the webs, not so much concrete material must be displaced during the compression process from the initial height H ₁ to the finished stone height H ₂ . The displaced during the compression process material from the area over the webs can be more easily distributed in the web area to be compacted. In this way, there is also a more even compaction in the web area at the same time.

According to the invention, depending on the choice of the different cross-sectional ratios between the region over the webs and thus the cross-section of the compression members and the land width, it is possible to create different compression ratios that can be chosen differently from the compression ratio in the rest of the stone region. This can be in particular much higher stone densities produce in the web area, which thus provide a significantly improved strength for the webs. This means that you can reduce the cross section and / or height of the webs accordingly and thus significantly improve the overall thermal insulation effect of the block.

In a device for carrying out the method, the different cross sections in the compression area over the webs and in the land area itself can advantageously be achieved by forming the width of the shape of the stone in the region of the webs and over the webs accordingly, wherein the Cross section of the compactors is adjusted accordingly. In practice, this has been found to be advantageous that this can be achieved by constriction, which are inserted according to the shape and laterally reduce the width of the region of the mold over the webs accordingly.

Advantageous developments and refinements emerge from the remaining dependent claims and from the exemplary embodiment described in principle below with reference to the drawing.

Fig. 1

einen Querschnitt durch eine Vorrichtung bzw. Form mit einem herzustellenden Hohlblockstein als Baustein nach der Linie I-I in der Fig. 2;

Fig. 2

einen Längsschnitt durch die Vorrichtung bzw. Form nach der Fig. 1 in einem Schnitt nach der Linie II-II;

Fig. 3

einen horizontalen Querschnitt gemäß Linie III-III nach der Fig. 4 durch einen fertigen Baustein; und

Fig. 4

einen Längsschnitt nach der Linie IV-IV in der Fig. 3.

It shows:

Fig. 1

a cross section through a device or mold with a hollow block to be produced as a block according to the line II in the Fig. 2 ;

Fig. 2

a longitudinal section through the device or shape after the Fig. 1 in a section along the line II-II;

Fig. 3

a horizontal cross section according to line III-III after the Fig. 4 through a finished building block; and

Fig. 4

a longitudinal section along the line IV-IV in the Fig. 3 ,

The manufacture of a device 2, e.g. a hollow block, is carried out in a conventional manner in a device or mold 1, which represents the negative mold of the module 2 to be produced - optionally with cores. In the exemplary embodiment, a hollow block with an outer stone part 2a and an inner stone part 2b is shown. The connection between the two stone parts 2a and 2b is effected by two webs 3, which extend in the vertical direction over a portion of the height of the stone 2 and which are arranged at a distance from the lateral abutting sides of the stone 2.

Of course, the shape of the hollow block shown in the embodiment is to be regarded as a possible example only. In principle, the most varied forms and configurations of a building block are possible.

For the production of the block 2, concrete material is poured into the mold 1 accordingly. From the FIG. 2 It can be seen that the mold 1 extends to a height H ₁ , while the finished stone height H ₂ He H ₁ extends while the finished height of the stone is H ₂ . At a generally common height of about 250 mm stone, the initial height H _{1 may be} for example 315 mm. The compaction of the concrete material from H ₁ to H ₂ is carried out by a punch 4 in a known manner. The punch 4 has two compression members in the form of compression strips 5 on its side facing the component 2 to be produced. The compression members 5 have a width corresponding to the web width between the two stone parts 2a and 2b.

In the compression members 5 according to the prior art corresponds to the cross section, ie, the thickness and the width, the thickness D and the width of the webs 3. Is for compacting the concrete material of the punch 4 with the compression members 5 for the land areas according to the arrow down moves, so the compression members 5 penetrate into a mold guide 6 in the mold 1 from above. In this case, the compression of the concrete material, which is located in the area above the webs 3 and the webs 3 takes place. Depending on the length L of the compression strips 5 takes place a compression in the web area up to a desired web height H ₃ .

Due to a maximum possible compression path, the length L and thus the height H ₃ for the webs 3 is limited downwards. The reason for this is that in the area in the guide 6 a lot of material must be pushed down and compacted. However, this is possible only within a limited scope, because on the one hand, the compression pressure immediately below the compaction bars 5 is so high that it can lead to damage of the grains, on the other hand, however, has yet taken place in the lower region of the webs sufficient compaction. This means the prior art that a land height H ₃ at a predetermined cross section or volume in the guide 6 could not be reached. As a result, an unavoidable cold bridge through the webs 3 resulted from the inner stone part 2b to the outer stone part 2a due to an unquestionable web height.

This problem is now solved in that the guide 6 in the mold 1 in the area above the webs 3 has a smaller width B than the thickness D of the webs, resulting in a shoulder 7 in the guide 6 at the upper edge of the webs 3. This paragraph 7 is achieved by laterally inserted into the mold 1 in the guide 6 constrictions, eg constriction 8, which take over the function of a filling brake. Like from the Fig. 2 It can be seen that this results in a smaller width B and, as a result, a smaller volume in the region of the guide 6 over the webs 3, compared to the region of the guide 6 in the region of the webs 3. If now the compression by the punch 4 is made (see dashed line in the Fig. 2 ), so no longer so much concrete material from the upper portion of the guide 6 must be moved down. This has a positive effect on the compression process, that the height H ₃ lower or the length L of the compression members 5 and thus the compression travel can be made larger. In this way, the webs 3 are in their height H ₃ lower. The total volume of the webs 3 is reduced accordingly and the cold bridge becomes smaller.

Depending on the thickness of the lateral constriction bars 8, the cross section or the width B of the guide and also the height H _{3 can be} correspondingly optimized so that the best possible heat insulation conditions can be maintained. Decisive for this is the entire volume of the webs 3, which results from the cross section and the height H ₃ . At the same time can be reinforced by the constriction 8 compression in such a way that in the area of the webs 3 is a higher compression ratio than in the other stone areas. This means that the stability or stiffness in the webs 3 is significantly better in comparison to the prior art, which in turn allows a smaller web height H ₃ and / or web cross-section can be achieved to reduce an unavoidable cold bridge.

In practice it has been found that in comparison to the prior art with a lower web height H ₃ with 140 to 160 mm at a stone height H ₂ of 250 mm now a reduced web height H ₃ of eg 120 to 140 mm can be achieved. This leads to a significantly lower heat loss.

The thickness of the two constriction bars 8 taken together can be between 5 and 10 mm with a web thickness D of e.g. Be 30 mm, so that the width B in the guide 6 via the webs 3 between 20 and 25 mm. However, the above values are only to be considered as examples.

While the compression ratio in the rest of the stone area is generally about 0.8, the compression ratio in the two webs 3 <0.7 can be selected. Preferred values are between 0.45 and 0.6. If necessary, the stone density in the region of the webs 3 can be increased.

The width of the webs 3 between the two stone parts 2a and 2b may be between 80 and 100 mm, preferably 90 mm.

In the FIGS. 3 and 4 is a manufactured according to the method described above block 2 in the finished state. The production of the module 2 according to Fig. 1 and 2 in the form 1 was in the reverse manner, as this walled later, as is known from the Fig. 4 is apparent.

In the usual way, the gap between the inner stone part 2b and the outer stone part 2a is replaced by a heat insulating layer, e.g. a plate of polystyrene 9, filled. Due to the webs 3, the plate 9 has corresponding recesses and has approximately the shape of a comb.

At the two lateral abutment sides 10 of the module 2, the polystyrene plate 9 projects slightly beyond the stone outer sides (see Fig. 3 ). In these end portions of the polystyrene plate 9 are each provided two spaced apart slots 11. The slots 11 have a width and length such that the polystyrene plate 9 can be elastically compressed in this area. The advantage This configuration consists in compensating for tolerance and installation inaccuracies in the lateral joining together of building blocks 2 when producing a wall, so that, viewed over the wall width, a closed insulation layer results. The slots 11 extend over the entire height of the polystyrene plate 9. Instead of slots and holes or cuts can be provided in case of need. Decisive is only that results in this lateral area a corresponding elasticity for compressing the polystyrene plate 9.

From the FIGS. 3 and 4 is also seen that the webs 3 both on both sides and down in the direction of the free space which the polystyrene plate 9 fills, with strong or large rounding 12 (to the side) and 13 (down) are provided. The rounding may be of the order of 20 to 40 mm, preferably 30 mm. The strong rounding 12, 13 provide further security against breaks in the web area or at the transitions to the inner stone part 2b and outer stone part 2a.

Of course, the method according to the invention can be used not only for producing a building block from a concrete material but also from other building materials.

Claims (17)

1. Method of manufacturing a building stone (2), particularly a hollow-block stone, which consists of an inner and an outer part (2a, 2b), which parts are connected to one another by webs (3) which each extend only over a partial region of the height of said building stone (2), in a mould (1), wherein the material of the stone is compressed from an initial height (H₁) to a final height (H₂) of the stone by a pressure ram (4),
   characterised in that
   the cross-section of compression in the mould (1) is selected so as to be smaller in the region of compression above the webs (3) than in the region of said webs (3), compression taking place in such a way that higher compression is brought about in the region of the webs (3) than in the remaining region of the stone.
2. Method according to claim 1,
   characterised in that
   the compression ratio in the webs (3) is selected so as to be < 0.7, referred to the path of compression.
3. Method according to claim 2,
   characterised in that
   the compression ratio is between 0.45 and 0.6.
4. Method according to claim 3,
   characterised in that
   the compression ratio is at least approximately 0.5.
5. Device for performing the method according to one of claims 1 to 4,
   characterised in that
   the pressure ram (4) is provided, in the region of the webs (3), with compressing members (5) which protrude out of said pressure ram (4) towards the stone (2) to be compressed and the thickness of which, referred to the longitudinal direction of the stone, is lower than the thickness of the webs (3), and that the mould (1) is provided with offsets (7) above the webs (3) of the stone (2), said offsets (7) being located at least approximately at the final height (H₂) of the stone.
6. Device according to claim 5,
   characterised in that
   the offsets (7) are formed by constricting strips (8) which are inserted in the mould (1).
7. Device according to claim 6,
   characterised in that
   the constricting strips (8) and the compressing members (5) are provided with rounded portions or bevelled portions at their ends that are directed towards the stone (2) which is to be produced.
8. Device according to claim 7,
   characterised in that
   the rounded portions (12, 13) have a radius of 20 to 40 mm, preferably 30 mm.
9. Device according to one of claims 6 to 8,
   characterised in that
   two lateral constricting strips (8) are provided for each web (3), the ratio of the web thickness to the thickness of the two strips (8), taken together, being in the region of 1:3 to 1:7, preferably at least approximately 1:5.
10. Building stone (2), particularly a hollow-block stone, which consists of an inner and an outer part (2a, 2b), which parts are connected to one another by webs (3) which each extend only over a partial region of the height of the stone,
    characterised in that
    there is greater compression in the region of the webs (3) than in the remaining region of the stone.
11. Building stone according to claim 10,
    characterised in that
    the ratio of the height (H₁) of the stone to the height of the web is < 0.7.
12. Building stone according to claim 11,
    characterised in that
    the ratio of the height (H₁) of the stone to the height of the web is between 0.5 and 0.6, preferably 0.55.
13. Building stone according to one of claims 10 to 12,
    characterised in that,
    on one side, the webs (3) are each at least approximately flush with an outer side of the stone, while on the other side of the stone, they each have a radius of transition to the inner part (2b) of the stone and the outer part (2a) of the stone, which is > 30 mm.
14. Building stone according to one of claims 10 to 13,
    characterised in that
    the webs (3) are each provided with lateral radii of transition which are > 30 mm.
15. Building stone according to one of claims 10 to 14,
    characterised in that
    the region between the inner part (2b) of the stone and the outer part (2a) of said stone is filled up by an insulating layer (9).
16. Building stone according to claim 15,
    characterised in that
    the insulating layer (9) consists of a polystyrene slab which projects, at least on one side, laterally above the stone (2), said polystyrene slab (9) being provided with indentations, bores or openings (11) on the side that projects above the stone.
17. Building stone according to claim 16,
    characterised in that
    the polystyrene slab (9) is provided, on the side that protrudes out of the stone (2), with one or more slots (11) which extend, at least approximately, over the entire height of the stone.

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