EP1660249B1 - Double t-shaped steel bulkhead profile and tool for its fabrication - Google Patents
Double t-shaped steel bulkhead profile and tool for its fabrication Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1660249B1 EP1660249B1 EP04728329A EP04728329A EP1660249B1 EP 1660249 B1 EP1660249 B1 EP 1660249B1 EP 04728329 A EP04728329 A EP 04728329A EP 04728329 A EP04728329 A EP 04728329A EP 1660249 B1 EP1660249 B1 EP 1660249B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sheet pile
- profiled section
- wall thickness
- flange
- section according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Revoked
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/08—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling structural sections, i.e. work of special cross-section, e.g. angle steel
- B21B1/082—Piling sections having lateral edges specially adapted for interlocking with each other in order to build a wall
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/08—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling structural sections, i.e. work of special cross-section, e.g. angle steel
- B21B1/092—T-sections
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B37/00—Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/02—Sheet piles or sheet pile bulkheads
- E02D5/03—Prefabricated parts, e.g. composite sheet piles
- E02D5/04—Prefabricated parts, e.g. composite sheet piles made of steel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12229—Intermediate article [e.g., blank, etc.]
- Y10T428/12264—Intermediate article [e.g., blank, etc.] having outward flange, gripping means or interlocking feature
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12375—All metal or with adjacent metals having member which crosses the plane of another member [e.g., T or X cross section, etc.]
Definitions
- the invention relates to a steel sheet piling profile in double T-shape, and a tool for its production.
- a gattunssiees sheet pile profile and a generic tool are eg off DE 613 210 C known.
- Sheet pile wall profiles in double T-shape are known, for example, as Peiner steel sheet piling (see section of product range "Hoesch steel sheet piling” 1/03 or "Peiner steel sheet piling 3/02 of HSP Hoesch sheet piling and Profil GmbH, Dortmund).
- hot-rolled sheet piling profiles consist of two flange sections, which are connected at the center via a web.
- the flange sections are followed by club-shaped connection end sections, which serve to receive connecting locks.
- the flange portions extend substantially horizontally at least on the outside.
- the flange inside, starting from the middle of the flange, can either taper in a wedge shape towards the end of the flange or, like the flange outside, have a substantially horizontal course.
- the substantially rectangular cross-section in one of the final dimensions of the double-T profile becomes close via a roughing stand Form brought and then rolled in a finishing stand, consisting of at least one universal and edger stand, to the required final size.
- a roughing stand Form brought and then rolled in a finishing stand, consisting of at least one universal and edger stand, to the required final size.
- the rough rolling can be limited to only a few rolling passes, since there is already a close-to-near cast cross-section.
- the finishing mill each consists of a set of rollers for the external and internal machining of the pre-profile.
- these sheet pile profiles can be connected to the connection locks either with itself, so that a closed wall is made of individual support elements with high resistance moment, or they can be used for a mixed sheet pile wall, via the connection lock, for example U- or Z.
- -shaped filling elements are connected to the double T-shaped profile. In the latter case, essentially only the double-T-profiles serve as supporting elements, while the filling elements essentially have a sealing function.
- club-shaped terminal connecting portions of the flange are usually designed by default in their geometry so that can be connected with each other or in combination with each other with just one connection lock all standard profiles.
- a new sheet pile wall profile produced by means of hot rolling means the purchase of an expensive set of rolls at least for the finishing stand, increased stocking and high costs of test rolling until a quality-assured, salable product is available.
- a mean value is given as a measure of the flange thickness, which results from the cross-sectional area of the flange divided by the total width of the profile.
- the mean wall thickness corresponds to the nominal wall thickness in the flange section.
- the average flange thickness determining opening dimension of the outer rollers of the finishing stand is increased in the millimeter range, so that over the resulting greater height of the profile a correspondingly increased average wall thickness is achieved in the flange.
- the tolerances to be met in the connection area are relatively narrow. If the average wall thickness is increased too much, the lobe size becomes so great that the standard connection lock can no longer be pulled over the lobe.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a sheet pile wall, with which the disadvantages described in the prior art can be avoided.
- a double-T-shaped sheet pile profile is used to solve this task, in which the average wall thickness is increased in the flange at constant held club dimension of Ranendabiteses for a given standard profile, wherein increasing the average wall thickness in the course of one by hot rolling produced sheet pile profiles is produced.
- the invention is also seen in a steel sheet piling profile produced by hot rolling in double T-shape with two flange sections connected centrally via a web with adjoining lobe-shaped terminal end sections for receiving connecting locks, wherein one or both flange sections are provided between the lobe-shaped connection end sections (e) - seen in cross-section - convexly bulged (are).
- convex-like means an embodiment over which, for example, the bulge runs arcuately or rises in an arc shape and then drops again and extends linearly in the intermediate region or rises and falls again linearly and likewise extends linearly in the intermediate region.
- the wall thickening according to the invention during hot rolling is preferably produced in the finishing stand, wherein the finish rolls for the external machining of at least one flange outer surface have a surface contour required for producing the wall thickening.
- the wall thickening can be generated both on the flange outside and / or on the inside of the flange at one or both flange portions.
- the wall thickening can be generated both in the available parallel and non-parallel flange sheet pile profiles available on the market.
- the inventively produced during hot rolling wall thickening only the flange portion is about a further feature with a paragraph-free transition into the club-shaped terminal connection section over.
- the heel-free transition consists of a conically tapering section and an arcuate section adjoining the connecting end section.
- the surface contour of the wall thickening can be adapted in any shape to customer requirements. It is conceivable z. B. a substantially rectangular or concave or convex course of the surface contour.
- the sheet pile wall profile produced according to the invention is only partially shown in cross section in the figure.
- the sheet pile wall profile 1 consists of two centrally connected via a web 8 flange sections 3. At the flange sections 3, close to a club-shaped Anschlußendabête 4 for receiving connection locks, not shown here.
- the outer contour of the flange portion of a hot-rolled standard sheet pile wall profile is marked by the dashed profile line 9, which extends substantially horizontally.
- flange portions 3 The inside of the flange portions 3 is shown in this example as wedge-shaped tapering outward. However, it is also possible to produce parallel flange sections 3, to which the connecting end section 4 adjoins.
- an increased wall thickness 2 limited to the flange section 3 is achieved by a corresponding calibration of the finish rolls during the hot rolling process.
- This can be arranged according to the invention on one or both outer sides and / or on one or both inner sides of the flange portions 3.
- the club-shaped terminal end section 4 has the original geometry of the standard profile, so that the standard connection lock can still be used.
- the increased wall thickness 2 is only so great that the maximum profile height of the standard profile, characterized by the vertical distance of the club tips of the opposite flange halves, is not exceeded.
- the increase in the wall thickness 2 can also be chosen larger with corresponding customer requirements.
- the transition 5 from the increased wall thickness 2 to the club-shaped connection end section 4 is formed free of shoulders.
- the surface contour of the increased wall thickness 2 is formed substantially horizontally, which merges with a conically extending portion 6 and an adjoining arcuate portion 7 in the terminal end portion 4.
- the surface contour of the increased wall thickness 2 also have a sinusoidal, concave or convex course.
- Double T-shaped sheet piling profile 2 increased wall thickness 3 flange 4 terminal end 5 paragraph-free transition 6 conical section 7 arcuate section 8th web 9 Profile line standard profile
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Metal Rolling (AREA)
- Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)
- Reduction Rolling/Reduction Stand/Operation Of Reduction Machine (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Spundwandprofil aus Stahl in Doppel-T-Form, sowie ein Werkzeug zu dessen Herstellung. Ein gattunsgemäßes Spundwandprofil sowie ein gattungsgemäßes Werkzeug sind z.B. aus
In diesen Firmenprospekten werden warmgewalzte Spundwandprofile dargestellt, die aus zwei Flanschabschnitten bestehen, die mittig über einen Steg verbunden sind. An die Flanschabschnitte schließen sich keulenförmig ausgebildete Anschlussendabschnitte an, die zur Aufnahme von Verbindungsschlössern dienen. Die Flanschabschnitte verlaufen zumindest an der Außenseite im Wesentlichen waagerecht. Die Flanschinnenseite kann ausgehend von der Flanschmitte sich entweder zum Flanschende keilförmig verjüngen oder aber, wie die Flanschaußenseite, einen im Wesentlichen waagerechten Verlauf aufweisen.In these company brochures hot-rolled sheet piling profiles are shown, which consist of two flange sections, which are connected at the center via a web. The flange sections are followed by club-shaped connection end sections, which serve to receive connecting locks. The flange portions extend substantially horizontally at least on the outside. The flange inside, starting from the middle of the flange, can either taper in a wedge shape towards the end of the flange or, like the flange outside, have a substantially horizontal course.
Bei diesen durch Warmwalzen hergestellten Spundwandprofilen werden als Vormaterial entweder Brammen, Blöcke oder so genannte Beam Blanks eingesetzt, wobei letztere einen schon endabmessungsnah gegossenen Querschnitt aufweisen.In these produced by hot rolling sheet pile profiles either slabs, blocks or so-called beam blanks are used as a starting material, the latter have already been cast close to the endabmaßungsnah cross-section.
Bei Einsatz einer erhitzten Bramme oder eines Blockes wird über ein Vorwalzgerüst der im Wesentlichen rechteckige Querschnitt in eine der Endabmessung des Doppel-T-Profils nahe Form gebracht und anschließend in einer Fertigwalzgerüstgruppe, bestehend aus mindestens einem Universal- und Stauchgerüst, auf die geforderte Endabmessung ausgewalzt. Beim Einsatz von Beam Blanks kann sich das Vorwalzen auf nur wenige Walzstiche beschränken, da ein schon endabmessungsnah gegossener Querschnitt vorliegt.When a heated slab or a block is used, the substantially rectangular cross-section in one of the final dimensions of the double-T profile becomes close via a roughing stand Form brought and then rolled in a finishing stand, consisting of at least one universal and edger stand, to the required final size. With the use of beam blanks, the rough rolling can be limited to only a few rolling passes, since there is already a close-to-near cast cross-section.
Das Fertigwalzgerüst besteht je aus einem Walzensatz für die Außen- und Innenbearbeitung des Vorprofils.The finishing mill each consists of a set of rollers for the external and internal machining of the pre-profile.
Diese Doppel-T-förmigen Spundwandprofile dienen unter anderem zur Stützung von Geländesprüngen und zur Befestigung von Baugruben und Hafenanlagen. Sie müssen hierbei große horizontale Kräfte aufnehmen können, die zu einer entsprechenden Biegebelastung der Spundwände senkrecht zu Ihrem Wandverlauf führen. Maßgebend für die Bemessung ist im Regelfall die vom Spundwandprofil über das Widerstandsmoment aufnehmbare Biegebelastung aus dem seitlichen Erd- und/oder Wasserdruck.These double-T-shaped sheet piling profiles serve, among other things, to support terrain jumps and to secure construction pits and docks. You must be able to absorb large horizontal forces that lead to a corresponding bending load of the sheet piling perpendicular to your wall course. The decisive factor for the design is usually the bending load that can be absorbed by the sheet pile profile via the moment of resistance from the lateral earth and / or water pressure.
Je nach aufzunehmender Belastung können diese Spundwandprofile über die Verbindungsschlösser entweder mit sich selbst verbunden werden, so dass eine geschlossene Wand aus einzelnen Tragelementen mit hohem Widerstandsmoment hergestellt wird, oder sie können für eine gemischte Spundwand verwendet werden, wobei über das Verbindungsschloss beispielsweise U- oder Z-förmige Füllelemente an das Doppel-T-förmige Profil angeschlossen werden. Im letzteren Fall dienen im Wesentlichen nur die Doppel-T-Profile als Tragelemente, während die Füllelemente im Wesentlichen eine dichtende Funktion haben.Depending on the load to be absorbed these sheet pile profiles can be connected to the connection locks either with itself, so that a closed wall is made of individual support elements with high resistance moment, or they can be used for a mixed sheet pile wall, via the connection lock, for example U- or Z. -shaped filling elements are connected to the double T-shaped profile. In the latter case, essentially only the double-T-profiles serve as supporting elements, while the filling elements essentially have a sealing function.
Je nach erforderlichem Widerstandsmoment der Doppel-T-förmigen Spundwandprofile werden diese im Wesentlichen in verschiedenen Bauhöhen mit unterschiedlichen Wanddicken im Flanschabschnitt angeboten.Depending on the required moment of resistance of the double-T-shaped sheetpile profiles, these are essentially offered in different heights with different wall thicknesses in the flange section.
Die keulenförmig ausgebildeten Anschlussendabschnitte des Flansches sind im Regelfall standardmäßig in ihrer Geometrie so ausgelegt, dass sich mit nur einem Verbindungsschloss alle Standardprofile untereinander oder in Kombination miteinander verbinden lassen.The club-shaped terminal connecting portions of the flange are usually designed by default in their geometry so that can be connected with each other or in combination with each other with just one connection lock all standard profiles.
Oftmals werden die aufgrund der Statik geforderten Widerstandsmomente jedoch von den verfügbaren standardmäßig lieferbaren Spundwandprofilen nicht abgedeckt. Hier kann es z. B. vorkommen, dass ein Spundwandprofil mit einem Widerstandsmoment gefordert wird, welches oberhalb des Standard-Lieferprogrammes oder zwischen zwei lieferbaren Standard-Spundwandprofilen liegt.Often, however, the resistance moments required due to the static are not covered by the available standard sheet pile profiles. Here it can be z. B. occur that a sheet pile profile is required with a resistance moment, which is above the standard delivery program or between two available standard sheet pile profiles.
Liegt das geforderte Widerstandsmoment zwischen denen zweier lieferbarer Standard-Spundwandprofilen, ist es oftmals unwirtschaftlich das nächst größere und damit deutlich teuere Profil zu wählen. Liegt das geforderte Widerstandsmoment oberhalb des Standard-Lieferprogrammes, müsste fallweise ein gänzlich neues Spundwandprofil gefertigt werden.If the required moment of resistance lies between those of two available standard sheet piling profiles, it is often uneconomical to choose the next larger and thus considerably more expensive profile. If the required moment of resistance is above the standard delivery program, a completely new sheet piling profile would have to be produced on a case-by-case basis.
Ein neues, über Warmwalzen hergestelltes Spundwandprofil, bedeutet die Anschaffung eines teuren Walzensatzes zumindest für das Fertiggerüst, vermehrte Lagerhaltung und hohe Kosten von Versuchswalzungen bis ein qualitätssicheres, verkaufsfertiges Produkt zur Verfügung steht.A new sheet pile wall profile produced by means of hot rolling means the purchase of an expensive set of rolls at least for the finishing stand, increased stocking and high costs of test rolling until a quality-assured, salable product is available.
Nach dem Stand der Technik gibt es verschiedene Möglichkeiten das Widerstandsmoment eines Standardprofils zu erhöhen, ohne dass entweder ein unwirtschaftlicheres Profil gewählt oder ein gänzlich neues, mit entsprechend geänderter Geometrie (im Wesentlichen die Bauhöhe und Flanschdicke) und nur mit hohem Aufwand herzustellendes Profil erzeugt werden muss.According to the prior art, there are various ways to increase the moment of resistance of a standard profile without either a more uneconomical profile chosen or a completely new, with correspondingly changed geometry (essentially the height and flange thickness) and produced only with great effort profile must be generated ,
Um diese Nachteile zu vermeiden, wird versucht unter Beibehaltung der Geometrie des Standardprofils das Widerstandsmoment entsprechend den Kundenforderungen zu erhöhen.In order to avoid these disadvantages, while retaining the geometry of the standard profile, it is attempted to increase the moment of resistance in accordance with customer requirements.
Eine in der Praxis seit langem bekannte und bewährte Möglichkeit ist das Aufschweißen von Stahllamellen auf einer oder beiden Flanschaußenseiten des Spundwandprofils (s.a. Auszug aus dem Lieferprogramm "Peiner Stahlspundwände" 3/02). Diese Lamellen werden vorzugsweise im Bereich des höchsten auftretenden Biegemomentes angeordnet.One long-known and proven option in practice has been the welding of steel lamellae on one or both flange outer sides of the sheet pile wall profile (see also excerpt from the product range "Peiner Steel Sheet Piles" 3/02). These fins are preferably arranged in the region of the highest bending moment occurring.
Das Aufschweißen von Lamellen ist kostenintensiv und verursacht zusätzliche Kosten durch Nachrichtarbeiten am Spundwandprofil, die durch auftretende Schweißspannungen verursacht werden.Welding of fins is costly and incurs additional costs due to message work on the sheet pile wall profile caused by welding stresses.
Eine weitere bekannte Möglichkeit das Widerstandsmoment eines Standardprofils zu erhöhen, ist die Erzeugung einer größeren mittleren Wanddicke im Flansch durch Auseinanderfahren der Fertigwalzen beim Walzprozess (s. a. Auszug aus dem Lieferprogramm "Hoesch Stahlspundwände 1/03" bzw. "Peiner Stahlspundwände" 3/02).Another known possibility to increase the moment of resistance of a standard profile is to produce a larger average wall thickness in the flange by moving apart the finish rolls during the rolling process (see, for example, excerpt from the product range "Hoesch
Bei keilförmig ausgebildeten Flanschabschnitten wird als Maß für die Flanschdicke ein mittlerer Wert angegeben, der sich aus der Querschnittsfläche des Flansches dividiert durch die Gesamtbreite des Profils ergibt. Bei parallelflanschigen Profilen entspricht die mittlere Wanddicke der Nennwanddicke im Flanschabschnitt.In the case of wedge-shaped flange sections, a mean value is given as a measure of the flange thickness, which results from the cross-sectional area of the flange divided by the total width of the profile. For parallel-flange profiles, the mean wall thickness corresponds to the nominal wall thickness in the flange section.
Hierbei wird das die mittlere Flanschdicke bestimmende Öffnungsmaß der Außenwalzen des Fertiggerüstes im Millimeterbereich vergrößert, so dass über die daraus resultierende größere Bauhöhe des Profils eine entsprechend vergrößerte mittlere Wanddicke im Flansch erreicht wird.Here, the average flange thickness determining opening dimension of the outer rollers of the finishing stand is increased in the millimeter range, so that over the resulting greater height of the profile a correspondingly increased average wall thickness is achieved in the flange.
Nachteilig ist jedoch, dass neben der größeren mittleren Flanschdicke in jedem Fall durch das Auffahren der Außenwalzen auch die Keulengeometrie des Anschlussendabschnittes vergrößert wird.The disadvantage, however, that in addition to the larger average flange thickness in each case by the traction of the outer rollers and the lobe geometry of the Anschlussendabschnittes is increased.
Um eine den Anforderungen entsprechende unter Belastung der Spundwand ausreichende Verhakung zwischen der Keule und dem Standard-Verbindungsschloss zu gewährleisten, sind die einzuhaltenden Toleranzen im Verbindungsbereich relativ eng. Bei einer zu großen Erhöhung der mittleren Wanddicke wird das Keulenmaß dann so groß, dass das Standard-Verbindungsschloss nicht mehr über die Keule aufgezogen werden kann.In order to ensure a sufficient under the burden of the sheet pile entanglement between the lobe and the standard connection lock, the tolerances to be met in the connection area are relatively narrow. If the average wall thickness is increased too much, the lobe size becomes so great that the standard connection lock can no longer be pulled over the lobe.
Eine solche Verfahrensweise hätte zur Folge, dass neue mit entsprechend hohen Kosten verbundene Verbindungsschlösser hergestellt werden müssten.Such a procedure would mean that new connection locks connected with correspondingly high costs would have to be produced.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es deshalb, ein Spundwandprofil anzugeben, mit dem die beschriebenen Nachteile nach dem Stand der Technik vermieden werden können.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a sheet pile wall, with which the disadvantages described in the prior art can be avoided.
Diese Aufgabe wird mit den Patentansprüchen 1 oder 2 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sowie ein Werkzeug zur Durchführung des Verfahrens sind Gegenstand von Unteransprüchen.This object is achieved with the
Nach der Lehre der Erfindung wird zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ein Doppel-T-förmiges Spundwandprofil verwendet, bei dem bei konstant gehaltener Keulenabmessung des Anschlussendabschnittes für ein gegebenes Standardprofil die mittlere Wanddicke im Flanschbereich erhöht ist, wobei die Erhöhung der mittleren Wanddicke im Zuge eines durch Warmwalzen hergestellten Spundwandprofiles erzeugt wird.According to the teachings of the invention, a double-T-shaped sheet pile profile is used to solve this task, in which the average wall thickness is increased in the flange at constant held club dimension of Anschlussendabschnittes for a given standard profile, wherein increasing the average wall thickness in the course of one by hot rolling produced sheet pile profiles is produced.
Die Erfindung wird auch in einem durch Warmwalzen hergestellten Spundwandprofil aus Stahl in Doppel-T-Form, mit zwei mittig über einen Steg verbundenen Flanschabschnitten mit sich daran anschließenden keulenförmig ausgebildeten Anschlussendabschnitten zur Aufnahme von Verbindungsschlössern gesehen, wobei zwischen den keulenförmig ausgebildeten Anschlussendabschnitten ein oder beide Flanschabschnitt(e) - im Querschnitt gesehen - konvexartig ausgebaucht ist (sind).The invention is also seen in a steel sheet piling profile produced by hot rolling in double T-shape with two flange sections connected centrally via a web with adjoining lobe-shaped terminal end sections for receiving connecting locks, wherein one or both flange sections are provided between the lobe-shaped connection end sections (e) - seen in cross-section - convexly bulged (are).
Unter dem hier gewählten Begriff "konvexartig" wird eine Ausbildung verstanden, ber der beispielsweise die Ausbauchung bogenförmig verläuft oder bogenförmig ansteigt und wieder abfällt und im Zwischenbereich linear verläuft oder linear ansteigt und wieder abfällt und ebenfalls im Zwischenbereich linear verläuft.The term "convex-like" as used herein means an embodiment over which, for example, the bulge runs arcuately or rises in an arc shape and then drops again and extends linearly in the intermediate region or rises and falls again linearly and likewise extends linearly in the intermediate region.
Der Vorteil einer derart erzeugten erhöhten Wanddicke nur im Flanschabschnitt liegt darin, dass auch große Wandverdickungen kostengünstig durch Warmwalzen ohne Veränderung der einzuhaltenden Keulenabmessungen erzeugt werden können. Hierdurch werden die ansonsten entstehenden hohen Kosten durch Aufschweißen von Lamellen bzw. durch eventuell erforderlich werdende neue Verbindungsschlösser vermieden.The advantage of an increased wall thickness produced in this way only in the flange section is that even large wall thickenings can be inexpensively produced by hot rolling without changing the lobe dimensions to be complied with. As a result, the otherwise high costs incurred by welding on lamellae or possibly be required new connection locks are avoided.
Erzeugt wird die erfindungsgemäße Wandverdickung beim Warmwalzen vorzugsweise im Fertiggerüst, wobei die Fertigwalzen für die Außenbearbeitung mindestens einer Flanschaußenfläche eine zur Erzeugung der Wandverdickung erforderliche Oberflächenkontur aufweisen.The wall thickening according to the invention during hot rolling is preferably produced in the finishing stand, wherein the finish rolls for the external machining of at least one flange outer surface have a surface contour required for producing the wall thickening.
Nach einem weiteren vorteilhaften Merkmal der Erfindung kann die Wandverdickung sowohl an der Flanschaußen- und/oder an der Flanschinnenseite an einer oder beiden Flanschabschnitten erzeugt werden.According to a further advantageous feature of the invention, the wall thickening can be generated both on the flange outside and / or on the inside of the flange at one or both flange portions.
Hierdurch kann die Flexibilität im Hinblick auf die zu erfüllenden Kundenwünsche, sei es aus ästhetischen oder technischen Gründen erheblich gesteigert werden.As a result, the flexibility with regard to the customer requirements to be met, be it for aesthetic or technical reasons, be significantly increased.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung, kann die Wandverdickung sowohl bei den auf dem Markt verfügbaren parallel und nicht parallel flanschigen Spundwandprofilen erzeugt werden.In a further advantageous embodiment, the wall thickening can be generated both in the available parallel and non-parallel flange sheet pile profiles available on the market.
Die beim Warmwalzen erfindungsgemäß erzeugte Wandverdickung nur des Flanschabschnittes geht nach einem weiteren Merkmal mit einem absatzfreien Übergang in den keulenförmig ausgebildeten Anschlussendabschnitt über.The inventively produced during hot rolling wall thickening only the flange portion is about a further feature with a paragraph-free transition into the club-shaped terminal connection section over.
Hierdurch wird vorteilhaft ein aus spannungs- und korrosionstechnischer Sicht problematischer relativ scharfkantiger Übergang vermieden, der z. B. beim Aufschweißen von im Querschnitt rechteckigen Lamellen entstehen würde.As a result, a problematic from a voltage and corrosion point of view, a relatively sharp-edged transition is advantageously avoided, the z. B. would arise during welding of rectangular in cross section slats.
In einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung besteht der absatzfreie Übergang aus einem konisch sich verjüngenden Abschnitt und einem sich an den Anschlussendabschnitt anschließenden bogenförmigen Abschnitt.In an advantageous development, the heel-free transition consists of a conically tapering section and an arcuate section adjoining the connecting end section.
Die Oberflächenkontur der Wandverdickung kann in beliebiger Gestalt den Kundenanforderungen angepasst werden. Denkbar ist z. B. ein im Wesentlichen rechteckiger oder konkaver bzw. konvexer Verlauf der Oberflächenkontur.The surface contour of the wall thickening can be adapted in any shape to customer requirements. It is conceivable z. B. a substantially rectangular or concave or convex course of the surface contour.
Weitere Merkmale, Vorteile und Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung der einzigen Figur.Further features, advantages and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of the single figure.
Da das Doppel-T-förmige Spundwandprofil doppelt symmetrisch ist, wird in der Figur nur ausschnittweise im Querschnitt das erfindungsgemäß hergestellte Spundwandprofil dargestellt.Since the double-T-shaped sheet pile wall profile is doubly symmetrical, the sheet pile wall profile produced according to the invention is only partially shown in cross section in the figure.
Das Spundwandprofil 1 besteht aus zwei mittig über einen Steg 8 verbundenen Flanschabschnitten 3. An die Flanschabschnitte 3, schließen sich keulenförmig ausgebildete Anschlussendabschnitte 4 zur Aufnahme von hier nicht dargestellten Verbindungsschlössern an.The sheet
Die Außenkontur des Flanschabschnittes eines warmgewalzten Standard-Spundwandprofils ist mit der gestrichelten Profillinie 9 gekennzeichnet, welche im Wesentlichen waagerecht verläuft.The outer contour of the flange portion of a hot-rolled standard sheet pile wall profile is marked by the dashed profile line 9, which extends substantially horizontally.
Die Innenseite der Flanschabschnitte 3 ist in diesem Beispiel als sich nach außen keilförmig verjüngend dargestellt. Herstellbar sind aber auch parallel verlaufende Flanschabschnitte 3, an die sich der Anschlussendabschnitt 4 anschließt.The inside of the
Ausgehend von der Außenabmessung des Standard-Spundwandprofils gemäß Profillinie 9, wird durch eine entsprechende Kalibrierung der Fertigwalzen beim Warmwalzvorgang eine auf den Flanschabschnitt 3 begrenzte erhöhte Wanddicke 2 erreicht. Diese kann erfindungsgemäß auf einer oder beiden Außenseiten und/oder auf einer oder beiden Innenseiten der Flanschabschnitte 3 angeordnet sein.Based on the outer dimension of the standard sheet pile profile according to profile line 9, an increased
Wie in der Figur ersichtlich, weist der keulenförmige Anschlussendabschnitt 4 die Ursprungsgeometrie des Standardprofils auf, so dass das Standard-Verbindungsschloss weiterhin benutzt werden kann.As can be seen in the figure, the club-shaped
Vorteilhaft ist die erhöhte Wanddicke 2 nur so groß, dass die maximale Profilhöhe des Standardprofils, gekennzeichnet durch den vertikalen Abstand der Keulenspitzen der sich gegenüberliegenden Flanschhälften, nicht überschritten wird. Die Erhöhung der Wanddicke 2 kann aber auch bei entsprechenden Kundenwünschen größer gewählt werden.Advantageously, the increased
Wie aus der Darstellung in der Figur weiterhin ersichtlich, ist der Übergang 5 von der erhöhten Wanddicke 2 zum keulenförmigen Anschlussendabschnitt 4, absatzfrei ausgebildet.As can also be seen from the illustration in the figure, the
In dem dargestellten Beispiel ist die Oberflächenkontur der erhöhten Wanddicke 2 im Wesentlichen waagerecht ausgebildet, die mit einem konisch verlaufenden Abschnitt 6 und einem sich daran anschließenden bogenförmigen Abschnitt 7 in den Anschlussendabschnitt 4 übergeht.In the illustrated example, the surface contour of the increased
Wahlweise kann die Oberflächenkontur der erhöhten Wanddicke 2, je nach Kundenwunsch, auch einen sinusförmigen, konkaven oder konvexen Verlauf aufweisen.Optionally, the surface contour of the increased
Claims (12)
- An I-shaped steel sheet pile profiled section, comprising two flange portions (3) connected centrally by a web (8) with adjoining, club-shaped connecting end portions (4) for receiving connecting locks, characterised in that while the club dimension of the connecting end portion is kept constant for a given standard profiled section the average wall thickness in the flange portion is increased and the increase in the average wall thickness (2) is produced in the course [sic] of a sheet pile profiled section (1) produced by hot rolling.
- An I-shaped steel sheet pile profiled section produced by hot rolling, comprising two flange portions (3) connected centrally by a web (8) with adjoining, club-shaped connecting end portions (4) for receiving connecting locks, characterised in that one or both flange portion(s) - viewed in cross-section - is or are bellied convexly between the club-shaped connecting end portions (4).
- A sheet pile profiled section according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the increased wall thickness (2) is produced by finish rolling.
- A sheet pile profiled section according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the increased wall thickness (2) is produced on the outside and/or inside of the flange (3).
- A sheet pile profiled section according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the increased wall thickness (2) is produced in parallel and non-parallel flanged sheet pile profiled sections.
- A sheet pile profiled section according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the increased wall thickness (2) is produced independently of the club geometry of the connecting end portion (4) which is to be maintained.
- A sheet pile profiled section according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the increased wall thickness (2) of the inside and/or outside of the flange (3) merges into the club-shaped connecting end portion (4) with a step-free transition (5).
- A sheet pile profiled section according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the step-free transition (5) consists of a conically tapering portion (6) and an arcuate portion (7) adjoining it.
- A sheet pile profiled section according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the surface contour of the increased wall thickness (2) is sinusoidal in profile.
- A sheet pile profiled section according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the surface contour of the increased wall thickness (2) is substantially rectangular in profile.
- A sheet pile profiled section according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the surface contour of the increased wall thickness (2) is convex or concave in profile.
- A tool for producing the sheet pile profiled section according to Claim 1, the tool consisting of a set of rolls for internal and external working for finish-rolling a prefabricated near-net-shape preliminary profiled section,
characterised in that
the finish rolls for the internal and external working of at least one outer and/or inner side of the flange portion (3) have a surface contour required for producing the increased wall thickness (2).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10339957A DE10339957B3 (en) | 2003-08-25 | 2003-08-25 | Double T-shaped strip for sheet piling has two web-linked flange sectors with connected lobe-shaped sectors |
| PCT/DE2004/000857 WO2005025770A1 (en) | 2003-08-25 | 2004-04-20 | Double t-shaped steel bulkhead profile |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1660249A1 EP1660249A1 (en) | 2006-05-31 |
| EP1660249B1 true EP1660249B1 (en) | 2007-08-22 |
Family
ID=33521574
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04728329A Revoked EP1660249B1 (en) | 2003-08-25 | 2004-04-20 | Double t-shaped steel bulkhead profile and tool for its fabrication |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7500808B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1660249B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP4504373B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20060054403A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN100451243C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE10339957B3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2293248T3 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL208398B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2005025770A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LU91043B1 (en) † | 2003-10-14 | 2005-04-15 | Profilarbed Sa | Beam for a retaining curtain. |
| PL1793044T3 (en) * | 2005-12-01 | 2009-12-31 | Arcelormittal Belval & Differdange | Hot rolled low profile steel sheet pile |
| DE102006002241A1 (en) * | 2006-01-17 | 2007-08-09 | Arcelor Profil Luxembourg S.A. | Steel sheet pile in double-T form such as hot-rolled profile, comprises coupler that is formed by grooves which extend in outer edges of flange along longitudinal edges respectively |
| NZ569621A (en) | 2006-01-17 | 2010-04-30 | Arcelormittal Comm Rps Sarl | Sheet pile in double-T form |
| DE102007015455C5 (en) | 2007-03-30 | 2017-08-10 | Contexo Ag | Method of producing sheet pile wall components and sheet piling component |
| BRPI0702541A2 (en) | 2007-06-21 | 2009-02-10 | Petroleo Brasileiro Sa | catalytic cracking process for diesel production from oilseeds |
| DE102014011735A1 (en) | 2014-08-06 | 2016-02-11 | EcoEnterprises GmbH | Supporting elements of a supporting structure, associated fasteners, and apparatus and methods for making the same |
Family Cites Families (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE613210C (en) | 1928-06-07 | 1936-02-12 | Ilseder Huette | Iron sheet pile wall |
| JPS5020761B1 (en) * | 1970-03-04 | 1975-07-17 | ||
| DE2819737A1 (en) * | 1978-05-05 | 1979-11-15 | Salzgitter Peine Stahlwerke | Z=section sheet piles for coffer-dam - have half-dovetail tongues on each edge aligning in same sense for coupling by double channel section |
| DE2855287A1 (en) * | 1978-12-21 | 1980-07-03 | Schloemann Siemag Ag | METHOD FOR ROLLING SHEET WALL PROFILES OF VARIOUS CROSS-SECTIONS IN UNIVERSAL-CARRIER ROLLING MILLS AND ARRANGEMENTS FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD |
| GB2071188B (en) * | 1980-02-04 | 1983-12-14 | Kawasaki Steel Co | Steel h-sheet pile and producing method thereof |
| JPS56117803A (en) * | 1980-02-19 | 1981-09-16 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Roll forming method for rough shaped billet for h-beam shape sheet pile or the like |
| JPS5919765B2 (en) * | 1980-10-21 | 1984-05-08 | 川崎製鉄株式会社 | Rolling method of rough shaped steel billets for Z-shaped steel sheet piles |
| DE3805364A1 (en) * | 1988-02-17 | 1989-08-31 | Salzgitter Peine Stahlwerke | FINISHING ROLLING PROCESS FOR PROFILES |
| JPH0266215A (en) * | 1988-08-30 | 1990-03-06 | Nippon Steel Corp | H-steel sheet pile |
| US5447393A (en) * | 1991-04-29 | 1995-09-05 | Yeates; John A. | Building construction methods and materials |
| CN1054173C (en) * | 1992-10-29 | 2000-07-05 | 地下系统股份有限公司 | Improvements to building construction methods and means |
| GB9418826D0 (en) * | 1994-09-19 | 1994-11-09 | Dawson Const Plant Ltd | Method of piling |
| LU88566A1 (en) * | 1994-12-07 | 1996-07-15 | Profilarbed Sa | Z-section sheet pile rolling process |
| LU88805A1 (en) * | 1996-08-14 | 1998-02-16 | Profil Arbed S A | "U" shaped sheet pile with low driving resistance |
| DE19650279A1 (en) * | 1996-12-04 | 1998-07-30 | Schloemann Siemag Ag | Method for rolling finished sections from preliminary sections |
| US6205834B1 (en) * | 1996-12-04 | 2001-03-27 | Sms Schloemann-Siemag Aktiengesellschaft | Method of rolling finished sections from preliminary sections in reversing roll stand arrangements |
| US6106201A (en) * | 1997-01-13 | 2000-08-22 | Profilarbed S.A. | Z-shaped sheet pile with high section modulus |
| DE19711242A1 (en) * | 1997-03-18 | 1998-10-01 | Krupp Ag Hoesch Krupp | Compound lock and sheet pile |
| JPH11104702A (en) * | 1997-10-07 | 1999-04-20 | Nkk Corp | Method of producing shape steel for girdle use |
| GB9816698D0 (en) * | 1998-07-31 | 1998-09-30 | British Steel Plc | Steel sheet piling |
-
2003
- 2003-08-25 DE DE10339957A patent/DE10339957B3/en not_active Revoked
-
2004
- 2004-04-20 PL PL379246A patent/PL208398B1/en unknown
- 2004-04-20 CN CNB2004800183079A patent/CN100451243C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-04-20 US US10/569,256 patent/US7500808B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-04-20 JP JP2006524209A patent/JP4504373B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-04-20 KR KR1020067002172A patent/KR20060054403A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-04-20 ES ES04728329T patent/ES2293248T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-04-20 WO PCT/DE2004/000857 patent/WO2005025770A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2004-04-20 EP EP04728329A patent/EP1660249B1/en not_active Revoked
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20060054403A (en) | 2006-05-22 |
| JP2007503312A (en) | 2007-02-22 |
| JP4504373B2 (en) | 2010-07-14 |
| US20060228574A1 (en) | 2006-10-12 |
| US7500808B2 (en) | 2009-03-10 |
| DE10339957B3 (en) | 2005-01-13 |
| CN100451243C (en) | 2009-01-14 |
| PL379246A1 (en) | 2006-08-07 |
| EP1660249A1 (en) | 2006-05-31 |
| ES2293248T3 (en) | 2008-03-16 |
| WO2005025770A1 (en) | 2005-03-24 |
| CN1813108A (en) | 2006-08-02 |
| PL208398B1 (en) | 2011-04-29 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP1479842B1 (en) | Hollow section | |
| DE2714485C2 (en) | Process for the hot rolling of double T-beams from rectangular flat material | |
| DE19543414B4 (en) | Process for hot rolling sheet piles with a Z-shaped cross-section | |
| WO2017178326A1 (en) | Sheet piling elements, sheet pilings, and intermediate piece for such sheet pilings | |
| DE202006020608U1 (en) | Sheet pile in double T-shape | |
| EP1660249B1 (en) | Double t-shaped steel bulkhead profile and tool for its fabrication | |
| EP1090875A1 (en) | Telescopic crane boom | |
| DD271158A1 (en) | MANUFACTURING PROCESS FOR FASTER METAL PROFILES | |
| DE3433715A1 (en) | Round link chain, especially for scraper chain conveyors | |
| DE1960601B2 (en) | Universal rolling mill for rolling rails | |
| DE1427880A1 (en) | Process for the production of H-beams with protrusions on the outer surface of at least one flange | |
| WO2010105594A1 (en) | Girder made of a one-piece structural steel section | |
| DE202006020607U1 (en) | Sheet pile in double T-shape | |
| DE2047708B2 (en) | Rolling mill for cold rolling concrete reinforcement wires and bars | |
| EP1793044A1 (en) | Hot rolled low profile steel sheet pile | |
| EP2470315B1 (en) | Method for producing hot-rolled hollow profiled elements having a rectangular cross-section and small edge radii | |
| DE2543729C2 (en) | Pressure-proof tank container | |
| DE202007017342U1 (en) | Kit for sheet pile walls | |
| DE202014011004U1 (en) | Flange profile for the production of a sheet piling screed, as well as a sheet piling screed | |
| EP0065533B1 (en) | Method for rolling a u-shaped steel bar or similar and beam-making universal mill train for implementing such method | |
| DE8333361U1 (en) | REINFORCEMENT REEL | |
| DE19654063A1 (en) | Process and plant for the production of steel bars with a structure refined and / or compressed by forging rolls | |
| DE3619295A1 (en) | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ROLLING BLANKS FOR PROFILE IRON CARRIERS FROM CONTINUOUSLY MOLDED SLABS | |
| WO2009029968A1 (en) | Profile shape for a crane jib | |
| DE69316374T2 (en) | STEEL SHEET PROFILE AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20060221 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): ES FR GB LU |
|
| DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| RBV | Designated contracting states (corrected) |
Designated state(s): ES FR GB LU |
|
| GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
| RTI1 | Title (correction) |
Free format text: DOUBLE T-SHAPED STEEL BULKHEAD PROFILE AND TOOL FOR ITS FABRICATION |
|
| GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
| GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): ES FR GB LU |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: NOT ENGLISH |
|
| ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
| GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 20071128 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2293248 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 |
|
| PLBI | Opposition filed |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009260 |
|
| PLAX | Notice of opposition and request to file observation + time limit sent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNOBS2 |
|
| 26 | Opposition filed |
Opponent name: ARCELORMITTAL COMMERCIAL RPS S.A.R.L Effective date: 20080522 |
|
| PLBB | Reply of patent proprietor to notice(s) of opposition received |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNOBS3 |
|
| PLBB | Reply of patent proprietor to notice(s) of opposition received |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNOBS3 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Payment date: 20100427 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
| RDAF | Communication despatched that patent is revoked |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNREV1 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Payment date: 20100426 Year of fee payment: 7 Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20100506 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
| RDAG | Patent revoked |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009271 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: PATENT REVOKED |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20100420 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
| 27W | Patent revoked |
Effective date: 20100722 |
|
| GBPR | Gb: patent revoked under art. 102 of the ep convention designating the uk as contracting state |
Effective date: 20100722 |