Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons

Definitions

• the invention is directed to a process to generate heat by burning a liquid fuel in an evaporator burner oven.
• kerosene or gasoil is used as fuel in evaporator burner ovens.
• ovens are supplied by Jotul ASA Norway, AGA Foodservices Group, Sunpot, and Corona pic.
• the ovens are technically simple and often require no additional moving parts to operate.
• the fuel may be supplied to the oven by means of gravity wherein the fuel tank is positioned at a somewhat elevated position relative to the oven itself. If the tank is empty the user will typically have to refill the tank by hand.
• This method of generating heat for example to provide domestic heating, lighting or household cooking, is very popular in regions which are not provided with a natural gas supply means.
• the fuel most often used is kerosene.
• the object of the present invention is to provide a process wherein the reliability and efficiency of the evaporator burner oven is improved. Additionally, emissions are reduced and health and safety issues are therefore improved.
• This object is achieved with the following process.
• Applicants found that when a Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel is used less carbon deposits tend to form. It is found that the Smoke Number, which is correlated with the amount of carbon deposits, is significantly lower when a Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel is used. Because of the lower carbon deposits less failure of the oven will result.
• Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel is biodegradable. Thus any spills or leaking tank vessels will not effect the environment as would be the situation when a petroleum derived kerosene is used.
• the evaporator burner oven which may be used in the process of the present invention, may be any oven known to one skilled in the art, which operates, by combustion of evaporating liquid fuel with an oxygen containing gas.
• the fuel is supplied to a surface wherein it evaporates into a space surrounding said surface and wherein the evaporated fuel is combusted with oxygen containing gas supplied to said space.
• a surface may be a wick or the exterior of fuel supply conduits which conduits are provided with openings to discharge said fuel from the interior to said exterior surface.
• Such evaporating burner ovens are for example described in general textbook "Heizung 4- Klimatechnik 01/02" German Version by Recknagel, Sprenger, Schramek, ISBN: 3-468-26450-8 on page 718.
• evaporator burner ovens examples include the so-called Forced Air Type Open Oil Heater, Natural Draft Open Wick Type Oil Heater, the ovens as manufactured by Jotul from Norway, as for example the Jotul 709 Oven, the well known AGA cooker as manufactured by the Aga Foodservice Group pic and similar ovens of other suppliers such as for example Windhager, Schraak, Haas & Sohn, Buderus, Sunpot or Corona.
• the evaporating burner oven should be distinguished from burners which first atomise the fuel into small droplets, e.g. so-called "pressure-jet” burners, and wherein the combustion takes place on the surface of the resulting small liquid droplets or takes place on the evaporated mixture, of fuel and gas.
• the Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel will comprise a Fischer-Tropsch product which may be any fraction of the middle distillate fuel range, which can be isolated from the (hydrocracked) Fischer-Tropsch synthesis product. Typical fractions will boil in the naphtha, kerosene or gas oil range. Preferably a Fischer-Tropsch product boiling in the kerosene or gas oil range is used because these fractions are easier to handle in for example domestic environments. Such products will suitably comprise a fraction larger than 90 wt% which boils ⁇ between 160 and 400 °C, preferably to about 370 °C.
• Fischer-Tropsch derived kerosene and gas oils are described in EP-A-583836, WO-A-9714768, WO-A-9714769, WO-A-011116, WO-A-011117, WO-A-0183406, WO-A-0183648 , WO-A-0183647, WO-A-0183641, WO-A-0020535, WO-A-0020534, EP-A-11 ' 01813, US-A-5766274, US-A-5378348, - US-A-5888376 and US-A-6204426.
• the Fischer-Tropsch derived product will suitably contain more than 80 wt%, especially more than 90 wt% iso and normal paraffins and less than 1 wt% aromatics, the balance being naphthenics compounds.
• the content of sulphur and nitrogen will be very low and normally below the detection limits for such compounds. This low content of these elements is due to the specific process wherein the Fischer-Tropsch reaction is performed.
• the content of sulphur will therefore be below 5 ppm and the content of nitrogen will be below 1 ppm.
• the density of the Fischer-Tropsch product will be lower than the conventional mineral derived fuels.
• the density will be between 0.65 and 0.8 g/cm.3 at 15 °C.
• the fuel used in the process of the present invention may also comprise fuel fractions other than the Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel product.
• fuel fractions other than the Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel product may be the kerosene or gas oil fractions as obtained in traditional refinery processes, which upgrade crude petroleum feedstock to useful products.
• Preferred non-Fischer-Tropsch fuel fractions are the ultra low sulphur (e.g. less than 50 ppm sulphur) kerosene or diesel fractions, which are currently on the market.
• non-mineral oil based fuels, such as bio fuels may also be. present in the fuel composition.
• the content of the Fischer-Tropsch derived product in the fuel will be preferably be above 40 wt%, more preferably above 60 wt% and most preferably above 80 wt%. It should be understood that the content of such, currently less available, Fischer-Tropsch derived products will be optimised, wherein pricing of the total fuel will be balanced with the advantages of the present invention. For some applications fuels fully based on a
• Fischer-Tropsch derived product plus optionally some additives may be advantageously used.
• Evaporator burners are often provided with a flame ' detector. Most detectors, which are used today, detect a particular wavelength associated with the yellow colour of he flame. Applicants have now found that when a Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel is used the commonly known detectors fail to observe the resulting blue coloured flame. For this reason the evaporator burner is preferably provided with a detector, which can detect this blue flame. Examples of suitable detectors are the detectors that are used in so-called blue flame burners, a flame detector is used. Examples of suitable detectors are the UV sensors and IR sensors. A more preferred detector is the so-called ionisation sensor. An ionisation sensor is suitable to monitor burners with intermittent operation as well as continuous ' operation.
• the principle of operation of the ionisation flame monitor is based on the rectifying effect of a flame. If a flame is present, a current flows between the burner an the ionisation electrode. This ionisation current is evaluated by the flame monitor to determine if- a flame is present.
• ionisation sensors could not be used in combination with a liquid fuel because deposits in the sensor led to false currents in the sensor. Because use of the Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel, especially a fuel composition not containing a metal based combustion improver additive, results in less deposits ionisation sensors can be applied. This is an advantage because these sensors are more readily available than the IR or UV sensors.
• additives may be added to the Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel which result in a flame which can be detected by the above standard detector.
• the fuel may also comprise one or more of the following additives.
• Detergents for example OMA 350 as obtained from Octel OY; stabilizers, for example Keropon ES 3500 as obtained from BASF Aktiengesellchaft, FOA 528A as obtained from OCTEL OY; metal-deactivators, for example IRGAMET 30 (as obtained from Speciality Chemicals Inc; (ashless) dispersants, for example as included in the FOA 528 A package as obtained from Octel OY; anti-oxidants; IRGANOX L57 as obtained from Speciality Chemicals Inc; cold flow improvers, for example Keroflux 3283 as obtained from BASF
• Haarman & Reiner biocides, for example GROTA MAR 71 as obtained from Schuelke & Mayr; lubricity enhancers, for example OLI 9000 as obtained from Octel; dehazers, for example T-9318 from Petrolite; antistatic agents, for example Stadis 450 from Octel; and foam reducers, for example TEGO 2079 from Goldschmidt.
• biocides for example GROTA MAR 71 as obtained from Schuelke & Mayr
• lubricity enhancers for example OLI 9000 as obtained from Octel
• dehazers for example T-9318 from Petrolite
• antistatic agents for example
• Stadis 450 from Octel
• foam reducers for example TEGO 2079 from Goldschmidt.
• metal-based combustion improvers which typically are added to the -fuel composition used in the prior art method, can be left out of the fuel. This is advantageous because as explained above ionisation sensors may then be advantageously applied.
• Metal-based combustion improvers are for example ferrocene, methylcyclopentadienylmanganese-tricarbonyl (MMT) .
• MMT methylcyclopentadienylmanganese-tricarbonyl
• the Fischer-Tropsch derived product is colourless and odourless. For safety reasons an odour marker, as for example applied in natural gas for domestic consumption, may be present in the Fischer-Tropsch derived product. Also a colour marker may be present to distinguish the fuel from other non-Fischer-Tropsch derived product.
• the total content of the additives may be suitably between 0 and 1 wt% and preferably below 0.5 wt%.
• Example 1 was repeated except that commercial petroleum derived kerosene was used of which the properties are listed in Table 1.
• the petroleum derived kerosene fuel used is currently used as fuel in evaporating burner ovens in Norway.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
• Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
• Evaporation-Type Combustion Burners (AREA)

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Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Publications (1)

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• 2003
  • 2003-07-16 JP JP2004522564A patent/JP2005533159A/ja active Pending
  • 2003-07-16 AU AU2003251458A patent/AU2003251458A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2003-07-16 US US10/521,700 patent/US20060037233A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2003-07-16 EP EP20030765103 patent/EP1523539A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2003-07-16 CA CA002493887A patent/CA2493887A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2003-07-16 WO PCT/EP2003/008062 patent/WO2004009744A1/en active Application Filing
• 2005
  • 2005-02-18 NO NO20050876A patent/NO20050876L/no not_active Application Discontinuation

Patent Citations (1)

Non-Patent Citations (4)

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