[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/

EP1517293A1 - Procédé de contrôle életrique de vitrage électrochrome - Google Patents

Procédé de contrôle életrique de vitrage électrochrome Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP1517293A1
EP1517293A1 EP04021400A EP04021400A EP1517293A1 EP 1517293 A1 EP1517293 A1 EP 1517293A1 EP 04021400 A EP04021400 A EP 04021400A EP 04021400 A EP04021400 A EP 04021400A EP 1517293 A1 EP1517293 A1 EP 1517293A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrochromic
voltage
switching
coloring
decolorization
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP04021400A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1517293B1 (fr
Inventor
Alexander Kraft
Sepp Franz
Matthias Rottmann
Karl-Heinz Heckner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gesimat Gesellschaft fur Intelligente Materialen und Technologien GmbH
Original Assignee
Gesimat Gesellschaft fur Intelligente Materialen und Technologien GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE2003143445 external-priority patent/DE10343445A1/de
Application filed by Gesimat Gesellschaft fur Intelligente Materialen und Technologien GmbH filed Critical Gesimat Gesellschaft fur Intelligente Materialen und Technologien GmbH
Publication of EP1517293A1 publication Critical patent/EP1517293A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1517293B1 publication Critical patent/EP1517293B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/163—Operation of electrochromic cells, e.g. electrodeposition cells; Circuit arrangements therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/38—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using electrochromic devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2310/00—Command of the display device
    • G09G2310/06—Details of flat display driving waveforms
    • G09G2310/061—Details of flat display driving waveforms for resetting or blanking
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/02—Improving the quality of display appearance

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a novel method for the electrical control of electrochromic arrangements, with the help of which it becomes possible the translucency to control these electrochromic elements infinitely reproducible.
  • the new procedure allows over the prior art by the dynamic adaptation of the Switching voltage to changing resistors in the system and changing Switching currents also greatly accelerate the switching process of electrochromic Elements with high internal resistance due to large areas and / or comparatively low conductive electrolytes, without leading to stability losses.
  • Electrochromism refers to the reversible color change of materials which by the flow of an electric current and / or the application of an electrical Voltage is triggered.
  • electrochromic substances different classes of substances, eg. As metal oxides (example: tungsten oxide), inorganic Complex compounds (example: Prussian blue) or electronically conductive organic Polymers (example: polyaniline).
  • Allen is common that they are in different Oxidation states are colored differently and that one between them Change oxidation states reversibly by electrochemical oxidation or reduction can. For most suitable practical applications one prefers Substances that are at least between an uncolored and a colored state are switchable.
  • Vehicle glazing with automatically changeable light transmission (intelligent Windows), large-area displays, switchable optical filters for cameras, microscopes, etc. or also for auto-dimming auto rearview mirror is used.
  • the electrochromic materials are between two Electrodes of which at least one (e.g., in displays or mirrors) or both (e.g. intelligent windows or switchable optical filters) are transparent.
  • the Electrochromic substances can be present as a film on the electrodes and / or in the Electrolytes are present dissolved.
  • the invention relates to electrochromic arrangements solid electrochromic layers, between which there is an electrolyte.
  • These Variant electrochromic elements has a battery-like structure and shows accordingly, a battery-like electrical behavior, i. a current flow only needs during loading and unloading, staining and discoloration correspond.
  • the current flow to change the light transmittance of Electrochromic arrangements are usually made by applying the prior art a temporally constant DC voltage caused, the polarity between Coloring and discoloration is changed.
  • electrochromic element can be schematically represented as follows: Substrate 1 / TCO / EC 1 / Electrolyte / EC 2 / TCO / Substrate 2 , where TCO is the transparent conductive layers and EC 1 and EC 2 are the two electrochemically switchable, electrochromic layers.
  • EC 1 may consist, for example, of tungsten oxide or polyethylene dioxythiophene and EC 2 for example of Prussian blue, polyaniline or nickel oxide. It is also possible to combine an electrochromic layer EC 1 with a so-called ion storage layer which does not change its color during the switching (instead of EC 2 ).
  • electrochromic elements it is often proposed as an electrolyte to have a preferably mechanically stable polymeric solid electrolyte (as described, for example, in EP1227362) in order to obtain a load-bearing electrochromic element which can be practically used in building glazing, for example.
  • polymeric solid electrolytes usually consist of at least one suitable polymer, at least one plasticizer and at least one conductive salt, and optionally other additives, such as UV absorbers, fillers or antioxidants.
  • the ionic conductivity of such polymeric solid electrolytes is several orders of magnitude worse than that of liquid electrolytes. The larger the polymer content in the solid electrolyte, the better its mechanical properties, but the worse is its ionic conductivity.
  • the ionic conductivity of liquid electrolytes consisting of a high boiling point organic solvent such as ⁇ -butyrolactone and a lithium salt such as lithium perchlorate is around 10 -2 S / cm at + 25 ° C.
  • the ionic conductivity of a polymer solid electrolyte eg an ion-conducting PVB film, as described in WO02 / 40578, is only 10 -5 S / cm at + 25 ° C. This greatly reduced ionic conductivity of polymeric solid electrolytes over liquid electrolytes results in a significant reduction in the switching speed of electrochromic devices when operated with the electrochromic element electrical driving techniques known in the art.
  • EP78464 describes an optical control circuit for electrochromic elements, in which the absorption of the electrochromic element is continuously optically measured, the Signal compared with a predetermined value and then electric charges the Element to be removed or removed from the element until the measured optical Absorbance corresponds to the setpoint.
  • Such a method is complicated, in particular, there for measuring a light source and a detector to the opposite Side of the electrochromic element must be attached.
  • DE3142909 is a continuous charge control for electrochromic layers described in the continuous adjustment of the degree of absorption on the counting of electric charges which are supplied to or removed from the electrochromic layer, he follows. This process represents a significant improvement over the optical Measuring the degree of absorption is because the charge count directly into the electronic Circuit can be integrated. However, it is also stated in DE3142909 that for the Entfärbevor Cyprus smaller amounts of charge are removed, as when dyeing were fed. A permanently reversible circuit is only possible if the Charge amounts for coloring and decolorization are as equal as possible.
  • WO02 / 17008 discloses a method and apparatus for charging and discharging temperature controlled circuit electrochromic elements described. Here is the Temperature of the electrochromic element measured by a temperature sensor, for Switching is then applied a temperature-dependent voltage and also the Switching controlled by the amount of electrical charge flowing.
  • EP445720 discloses a method and an arrangement for applying an electrical Operating voltage to an electro-optical layer system described, with the aim of faster switching of electrochromic elements.
  • This accelerated circuit will achieved in that at the beginning of the switching process, a higher voltage than the actually maximum permissible inner potential difference between the two transparent ones Conductive layers is applied to the voltage drop in these conductive layers compensate.
  • At the end of the switching process is again the otherwise usual voltage created.
  • the course of the voltage can be time-controlled and to a predetermined Voltage-time curve to be adjusted or it takes the measurement of an inner Potential difference directly between opposite points of the electrochromic layers (a previously defined limit may not be exceeded here).
  • a similar Technology is described in U.S. Patent US5124833. Although with these methods can the voltage drop in the transparent conductive layers, but not the often considerable Voltage drop in the electrolyte can be compensated.
  • DE19706918 also describes a method for operating an electrochromic element.
  • the voltage in a start-up phase of the Umfärbevorganges the voltage is continuously increased or decreased to a maximum to a temperature-dependent end value, wherein the voltage is guided depending on the current.
  • a and B are constants that are characteristic of the system used and are to be determined experimentally.
  • the temperature dependence of the switching voltage is caused by the strong temperature dependence of the conductivity of the polymer solid electrolyte. However, this is not really linearly dependent on temperature, but obeys a more complicated context, the so-called Vogel-Tamann-Fulcher relationship.
  • a linear temperature dependence is therefore only allowed as an approximation for small temperature intervals. When used over longer temperature ranges, this leads to irreversible destruction of the electrochromic elements during long-term operation.
  • the necessary experimental determination of the constants A and B is also laborious.
  • a measurement of the temperature of the window must be made. This can be done according to DE19839748 by means of a temperature sensor, which is arranged in the region of the spacer of the electrochromic insulating glass. However, this means an extra effort in the production and increases the cost of electrochromic glazing.
  • Electrochromic elements stepless over an optical control of the degree of absorption or can be switched over the control of the flowed electric charges.
  • each optical intermediate state is adjustable.
  • An acceleration of the circuit larger Electrochromic elements by increasing the drive voltage as a compensation of Voltage drop of the transparent conductive layers is also known.
  • the disadvantage of this described prior art is especially that so that the low Switching speed of electrochromic elements when using mechanically very stable, but with relatively low ion conductivity polymer solid electrolyte can not be increased.
  • the object of the invention is therefore primarily to provide a novel method for specify electrical control of electrochromic elements, in which by a dynamic change of the driving voltage during the circuit not only the Voltage drops in the transparent conductive layers but also the voltage drop in the Solid electrolyte between the electrochromic layers can be compensated.
  • the aim of the present invention is furthermore to provide simple methods of controlling the staining depth of electrochromic elements.
  • the partial stresses for the coloring U 1, coloring and for the decolorization U 1, decolorization are chosen so that the electrochromic elements are not damaged even with a long concern this voltage.
  • this requirement is met if the voltage for the coloring U 1, color amount less than or equal to the open circuit voltage of fully colored and the voltage for the discoloration U 1, decolorization amount less than or equal to the open circuit voltage of the fully decolorbed electrochromic element. Even voltages that are slightly above these no-load voltages are permissible.
  • the no-load voltages of the fully colored or fully decolorized state of the electrochromic element may not be exceeded by more than a factor of 1.5.
  • the magnitude of the no-load voltages of the fully colored and decolorized state are typical of the actually selected electrochromic layer combinations and the electrolytes used and can be temperature-dependent.
  • the electrical resistance R of the electrochromic element is composed, as indicated in equation 1, of 4 partial resistances, the resistance of the transparent conductive layer R TCO which is dependent on the area and the sheet resistivity of the TCO layer, the resistances of the two switchable layers (EC 1 and EC 2 ) R EC1 and R EC2 and the high temperature-dependent resistance of the electrolyte R electrolyte .
  • R R TCO + R EC1 + R EC2 + R electrolyte
  • the resistance of the transparent conductive layer R TCO in an electrochromic element of predetermined geometry remains largely uninfluenced by the practically occurring disk temperatures (for example between -40 and + 90 ° C.) and the switching state of the element. It can be calculated from the product of the sheet resistance R sq of the TCO layer with the contact distance I 1 [cm] divided by the width I 2 [cm] of the electrochromic element (Equation 2).
  • R TCO R sq ⁇ I 1 / I 2
  • the total voltage for coloration or decolorization of an electrochromic element is thus calculated according to the method according to the invention for the electrical control of electrochromic elements, as indicated in Equations 5 and 6:
  • U Switching, coloring U 1, staining + i ⁇ (a ⁇ R electrolyte + b ⁇ R TCO ) respectively.
  • U Switching, discoloration U 1 , Discoloration + i ⁇ (C ⁇ R electrolyte + d ⁇ R TCO )
  • the partial voltage U 1, coloring or when decolorizing U 1, discoloration is applied to the electrochromic element.
  • the then flowing current i is measured and the new voltage to be applied U switching, coloring or U switching, decolorization calculated according to equations 5 and 6 above and applied to the element.
  • measurement of the current, calculation and application of the new switching voltage are repeated until the desired color depth is reached.
  • the time intervals for the adaptation of the drive voltage are preferably between 10 milliseconds and 5 seconds.
  • This novel method according to the invention for determining the actual total resistance of the electrochromic disks can be carried out both during the dyeing and during the decolorization. From this total resistance determined and the calculated according to equation 2 TCO resistance, the resistance of the electrolyte according to equation 1 can be calculated neglecting the resistances of the two switchable layers (EC 1 and EC 2 ).
  • the electrolyte resistance determined in this way can be used to dynamically adapt the Switching voltage according to Equation 5 and 6 are used. In this procedure a measurement of the temperature of the electrochromic element is no longer necessary.
  • One Advantage of this method is that no temperature sensor in the glazing area must be integrated.
  • the stepless circuit via the control of the open circuit voltage.
  • the switching operation is interrupted in short successive intervals for a short time and here the open circuit voltage is measured, which is compared with the resulting for the desired color depth open circuit voltage. If this is reached, the dyeing or Entfärbevorgang is interrupted. In this procedure can be dispensed with the control of the electric charges flowed.
  • an electrochromic element Over a prolonged period of operation of an electrochromic element, it can by Leakage currents and / or present in the polymer electrolyte traces of oxidation and / or Reducing agents to influence the state of charge regardless of the controlled charge quantities come.
  • To put the electrochromic element back into one Defined, controllable initial state therefore, takes place in a inventive variant in certain larger time intervals, which preferably between 1 hour and 3 months, deep discoloration or Deep discharge of the element.
  • time intervals which preferably between 1 hour and 3 months, deep discoloration or Deep discharge of the element.
  • a Entfärbeposition for a period between 5 Minutes and 2 hours can be applied, a Entfärbeposition, the amount in order 0.3 to 2.4 V above the open circuit voltage of the fully decolorized electrochromic element. This can, so as not to impair the functionality of the discs during the day, Example at the above intervals happen at night when the switching function the electrochromic element is not used anyway.
  • An electrochromic element of the structure is an electrochromic element of the structure:
  • the basic decolorization was carried out by applying a DC voltage of 2.4 V for 2 hours, with the Prussian blue as the negative pole and the tungsten oxide as the positive pole.
  • the open-circuit voltage of the decolorized state was determined. It was -720 mV.
  • the electrochromic element was dyed by applying a voltage of 1.4 V (tungsten oxide: negative pole, Prussian blue: positive pole). After a charge amount of 15 mC / cm 2 had flowed, the dyeing operation was terminated and the open circuit voltage of the colored state was determined. It was +1100 mV. .
  • Curve 1 shows the current density-time curve for staining and decolorization within the illustrated time of 480 seconds.
  • 8 coloring and decoloring cycles are carried out (curve 2).
  • the faster circuit in the method according to the invention can also be recognized by the higher current density and the charge connected per time.
  • Figure 3 shows the time course of the switching voltage for a circuit according to the state the technique with constant voltage (here ⁇ 1.4 V, curve 1) and for the inventive Circuit with continuous adjustment of the switching voltage to the resistor and the flowing stream (curve 2).
  • constant voltage here ⁇ 1.4 V, curve 1
  • inventive Circuit with continuous adjustment of the switching voltage to the resistor and the flowing stream (curve 2).
  • high Switching voltages of about 12 V are reached, but not detrimental to the electrochromic Element act.
  • the applied voltages in the inventive method even smaller than in the constant voltage circuit, so that the electrochromic element is switched altogether gentler.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
  • Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
EP04021400A 2003-09-19 2004-09-09 Procédé de contrôle életrique de vitrage électrochrome Expired - Lifetime EP1517293B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2003143445 DE10343445A1 (de) 2003-09-19 2003-09-19 Verfahren zur elektrischen Ansteuerung von elektrochromen Elementen
DE10343445 2003-09-19
DE102004038515 2004-08-07
DE102004038515 2004-08-07

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1517293A1 true EP1517293A1 (fr) 2005-03-23
EP1517293B1 EP1517293B1 (fr) 2007-07-11

Family

ID=34195761

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04021400A Expired - Lifetime EP1517293B1 (fr) 2003-09-19 2004-09-09 Procédé de contrôle életrique de vitrage électrochrome

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1517293B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE366977T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE502004004277D1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2161615A1 (fr) * 2008-09-04 2010-03-10 EControl-Glas GmbH & Co. KG Processus et appareil de commutation des dispositifs électrochromiques à grande surface
WO2010066499A1 (fr) * 2008-12-10 2010-06-17 Saint-Gobain Glass France Structure et procédé pour adapter la polarité d'une source de puissance à un système électrochromique
US8218223B2 (en) 2009-01-02 2012-07-10 Econtrol—Glas GmbH & Co. KG Process and apparatus for switching large-area electrochromic devices
CN115148168A (zh) * 2021-03-30 2022-10-04 Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 控制方法、电子设备及计算机可读存储介质
WO2023232611A1 (fr) 2022-05-31 2023-12-07 Saint-Gobain Glass France Procédé de commande électrique d'un élément fonctionnel électrochromique

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0445720A2 (fr) * 1990-03-06 1991-09-11 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et assemblage pour fournir une tension d'alimentation à un système de couches électro-optiques
US5231531A (en) * 1990-09-14 1993-07-27 Saint-Gobain Recherche Electrochromatic glazings
DE19706918A1 (de) * 1997-02-20 1998-08-27 Flachglas Ag Verfahren zum Betreiben eines elektrochromen Elementes
US6222177B1 (en) * 1999-01-19 2001-04-24 Gentex Corporation Electrochromic element driver with negative output resistance

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0445720A2 (fr) * 1990-03-06 1991-09-11 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et assemblage pour fournir une tension d'alimentation à un système de couches électro-optiques
US5231531A (en) * 1990-09-14 1993-07-27 Saint-Gobain Recherche Electrochromatic glazings
DE19706918A1 (de) * 1997-02-20 1998-08-27 Flachglas Ag Verfahren zum Betreiben eines elektrochromen Elementes
US6222177B1 (en) * 1999-01-19 2001-04-24 Gentex Corporation Electrochromic element driver with negative output resistance

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2161615A1 (fr) * 2008-09-04 2010-03-10 EControl-Glas GmbH & Co. KG Processus et appareil de commutation des dispositifs électrochromiques à grande surface
WO2010066499A1 (fr) * 2008-12-10 2010-06-17 Saint-Gobain Glass France Structure et procédé pour adapter la polarité d'une source de puissance à un système électrochromique
US8218223B2 (en) 2009-01-02 2012-07-10 Econtrol—Glas GmbH & Co. KG Process and apparatus for switching large-area electrochromic devices
AU2009208112B2 (en) * 2009-01-02 2013-09-19 Econtrol-Glas Gmbh & Co. Kg Process and apparatus for switching large-area electrochromic devices
AU2009208112C1 (en) * 2009-01-02 2014-04-24 Econtrol-Glas Gmbh & Co. Kg Process and apparatus for switching large-area electrochromic devices
CN115148168A (zh) * 2021-03-30 2022-10-04 Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 控制方法、电子设备及计算机可读存储介质
CN115148168B (zh) * 2021-03-30 2023-10-10 Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 控制方法、电子设备及计算机可读存储介质
WO2023232611A1 (fr) 2022-05-31 2023-12-07 Saint-Gobain Glass France Procédé de commande électrique d'un élément fonctionnel électrochromique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE502004004277D1 (de) 2007-08-23
EP1517293B1 (fr) 2007-07-11
ATE366977T1 (de) 2007-08-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0961949B1 (fr) Procede de commande d'un element electrochrome
EP2364459B1 (fr) Structure et procédé pour adapter la polarité d'une source de puissance à un système électrochromique
DE69318645T2 (de) Stromversorgung einer elektrochromen Zelle
EP0078464B1 (fr) Régulation optique pour couches électrochromiques
DE69403248T2 (de) Blendfreies Rückspiegel-System
DE19737978C2 (de) Elektrochromer Spiegel
DE69012902T2 (de) Elektrochrome Verglasung.
US9690163B2 (en) Reflectance variable element and method for manufacturing same
EP0961156A2 (fr) Dispositif électrochromique à électrolyte gélifié ayant une couche à protection contre la lumière UV
DE2356105A1 (de) Elektrochrom-spiegel mit rasch aenderbarer reflexion
DE4128717C2 (de) Blendschutz an Fahrzeugscheiben
DE3615379A1 (de) Elektrochromer, nichtblendender spiegel
DE2644528A1 (de) Elektrooptische linsenanordnung
DE2735195A1 (de) Streufreies lichtventil
EP0811871B1 (fr) Unité électrochromique
DE2347613C2 (de) Elektrooptisches Gerät
EP0960926A1 (fr) Dispositif électrochrome à base de derivés de poly-(3,4-éthylènedioxythiophene) imperméable aux rayons UV
EP1517293B1 (fr) Procédé de contrôle életrique de vitrage électrochrome
DE10343445A1 (de) Verfahren zur elektrischen Ansteuerung von elektrochromen Elementen
EP2851745B1 (fr) Cellules électrochromes et leur utilisation
DE2825390C2 (de) Treiberschaltung für eine elektrochrome Anzeigevorrichtung
EP1103842A2 (fr) Dispositif électrochromique
DE2723413B2 (de) Steuerschaltung für elektrochrome Segment-Anzeigeeinrichtungen
DE102011015950A1 (de) Optisches Bauteil und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
DE3545950C2 (fr)

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LI LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: AL HR LT LV MK

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20050914

AKX Designation fees paid

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LI LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LI LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: NOT ENGLISH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 502004004277

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 20070823

Kind code of ref document: P

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: GERMAN

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)

Effective date: 20071025

ET Fr: translation filed
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20070711

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20070711

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20071022

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20071011

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20071211

NLV1 Nl: lapsed or annulled due to failure to fulfill the requirements of art. 29p and 29m of the patents act
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20070711

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FD4D

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20070711

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20070930

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20071012

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20070711

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20070711

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20070711

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20080414

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20070711

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20071011

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20070711

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20070711

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20070711

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20070909

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: HU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080112

Ref country code: TR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20070711

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: 732E

Free format text: REGISTERED BETWEEN 20100422 AND 20100428

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PUE

Owner name: DRITTE PATENTPORTFOLIO BETEILIGUNGSGESELLSCHAFT M

Free format text: GESIMAT GMBH, GESELLSCHAFT FUER INTELLIGENTE MATERIALEN, UND TECHNOLOGIEN#KOEPENICKER STRASSE 325#12555 BERLIN (DE) -TRANSFER TO- DRITTE PATENTPORTFOLIO BETEILIGUNGSGESELLSCHAFT MBH & CO. KG#BERLINER STR. 1#12529 SCHOENEFELD / WALTERSDORF (DE)

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: NV

Representative=s name: CAVID GMBH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: TP

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20070930

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: NV

Representative=s name: REUTELER & CIE SA

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 20140924

Year of fee payment: 11

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 20140926

Year of fee payment: 11

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20140930

Year of fee payment: 11

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20140929

Year of fee payment: 11

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20141127

Year of fee payment: 11

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 20140929

Year of fee payment: 11

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 502004004277

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: MM01

Ref document number: 366977

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20150909

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20150909

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

Effective date: 20160531

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20150930

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20150909

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20160401

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20150930

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20150909

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20150930

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20150930