EP1517014A1 - Kühlungseinrichtung für die Kolben einer Brennkraftmaschine - Google Patents

Kühlungseinrichtung für die Kolben einer Brennkraftmaschine Download PDF

Info

Publication number: EP1517014A1
Authority: EP; European Patent Office
Prior art keywords: engine; cooling device; cooling; lower casing; fixing
Prior art date: 2003-09-16
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.): Granted

Application number

EP04356150A

Other languages

English (en)

French (fr)

Other versions

EP1517014B1 (de

Inventor

Christophe Bontaz

Michael Bonvalot

Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

Bontaz Centre SA

Original Assignee

Bontaz Centre SA

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

2003-09-16

Filing date

2004-09-02

Publication date

2005-03-23

2004-09-02 Application filed by Bontaz Centre SA filed Critical Bontaz Centre SA

2005-03-23 Publication of EP1517014A1 publication Critical patent/EP1517014A1/de

2011-06-01 Application granted granted Critical

2011-06-01 Publication of EP1517014B1 publication Critical patent/EP1517014B1/de

2024-09-02 Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Status Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Images

Classifications

- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P3/00—Liquid cooling
- F01P3/06—Arrangements for cooling pistons
- F01P3/08—Cooling of piston exterior only, e.g. by jets
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P11/00—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01P1/00 - F01P9/00
- F01P11/04—Arrangements of liquid pipes or hoses

Definitions

the present invention relates to cooling devices for internal combustion engine pistons, for projecting a fluid of cooling such as oil on an appropriate area of the pistons.
the documents FR 2 745 329, US 4,206,726, EP 0 423 830, US 5,649,505 disclose jet structures of cooling that is fixed to the wall of the engine block by making them communicate with an internal coolant supply pipe, said pipe being machined in the engine block itself and connected to the circuit oil supply provided in the engine.
the decision to provide an integrated cooling device for pistons of an engine by sprinklers is a decision that is usually made very upstream in the pre-development phase of the engine. It must be realized including hydraulic design studies of the oil circuit design, and thermal studies of the piston. Sometimes even test engines are specially constructed to validate these calculations.
Document DE 12 16 014 B discloses a system of cooling for internal combustion engine pistons in which several sprinklers are attached to a common feed ramp with which they form a mechanically rigid assembly.
the mechanically rigid assembly is fixed to the engine block by screws, which require specific machining of the engine block.
the feed ramp is hydraulically connected to a pump placed nearby, under the engine block. There is no mention of a crankcase inferior.
document JP 06 264742 is known from another device.
cooling system for internal combustion engine pistons Several sprinklers are secured to two parallel common feeding ramps which are fixed together in the bottom of the sump. The position of the sprinklers prevents any precision in the direction of the oil jets, and the jets are necessarily broken by the moving parts of the engine during operation.
the problem proposed by the present invention is to design a new sprinkler cooling device structure by sprinklers, which can be integrated into a motor with no or very little modification on the structure of the engine itself.
the goal is to adapt to an engine whose development is complete, or whose development is already engaged, a piston cooling function by sprinklers without having to take over the actual design of the engine, nor the essential validations that are necessary in any engine development.
the invention results from the observation that the essential difficulty implementation of a jet cooling function lies in the modification of the engine block itself to bring the cooling oil up to the sprinklers.
the invention provides means for supplying oil which can be reported in the engine itself without significantly altering the structure of the engine block.
a lower oil recovery sump is reported under the engine block containing the moving parts.
the lower cover usually carries the oil filter, which is connected to the pressurized oil circuit of the engine by a circuit of which a section is thus accessible in the crankcase inferior.
the invention takes advantage of this arrangement, by capturing the oil in a circuit pressurized oil generally present in the area of the sump.
the invention also aims at facilitating the mounting of the cooling in the engine, particularly during the assembly stages of heavy and / or bulky subassemblies of the engine.
the device can be adapted to an already developed engine or pre-development, without having to modify the structure of the engine block, without having to redo the study allowing this modification, and without having to redo the validations necessary results.
the mechanically rigid assembly can, despite its space, be easily adapted and fixed under the open motor, then the hydraulic connection is automatically ensured by the adaptation of the housing lower, without additional operation.
the device comprises a single ramp common power supply, carrying the cooling nozzles arranged in line with regard to the row of pistons of an inline engine.
the device comprises two ramps common feeders each carrying a line of cooling nozzles arranged in relation to a respective row of pistons of a cylinder engine in V.
the device according to the invention can also easily adapt to other engine geometries, for example W-motors, star motors, or any other geometry with several rows of cylinders.
the fastening means comprise transverse fastening tabs arranged to be attached to the lower faces of the motor bearings.
the legs of transverse fasteners may include holes for the passage of the rods threads for fixing the lower bearing blocks, rods on which the fastening lugs by locking nuts screwed onto the rods.
the fixing means may comprise tabs of fasteners arranged to be fixed in any other fixed area of the engine block which is easily accessible after setting up the rotating elements and before adaptation of the lower case.
the fixing plate can be folded in the form of an angle in the corner of which is fixed the longitudinal feeding tube, a first wing of the angle constituting the brackets, a second wing of the angle having transverse extensions parallel to the transverse tubes and of which the end zones are attached to the transverse tubes by brazing, welding or bonding.
the hydraulic interface means comprise a lower inlet opening communication with the common supply ramp and solidarity with it, and adapted to connect tightly to an upper supply port provided in the lower case, by the assembly movement of the lower case under the engine block, the upper supply port being in communication with the pressurized oil circulation circuit of the engine in the crankcase.
crankcase seal can thus simultaneously hydraulic connections.
the upper feed orifice communicates with the engine oil filter oil circulation circuit, upstream or downstream of the filter to oil.
the hydraulic interface means may preferably comprise a coolant flow control valve, and at the outlet of the flap, one or more branches to separately feed one or more common feeding ramps depending on whether the engine is in-line cylinders or cylinders according to several lines.
the invention also provides an internal combustion engine, in which which the rotating elements are mounted in an engine block having a face lower open closed by a lower casing, and in which sprinklers of cooling project jets of coolant to the bottom of the pistons, comprising a cooling device as defined above.
a cooling device for engine pistons internal combustion engine includes cooling nozzles adapted to be reported in the engine block, these nozzles being integral with at least one ramp common feed that is also intended to be brought back within the engine block.
Figure 1 schematically illustrates a device for cooling according to one embodiment of the invention, comprising four sprinklers 1a, 2a, 3a and 4a, integral with a common feed ramp 5a with which they form a mechanically rigid assembly generally designated by reference 6a.
Nozzles 1a-4a are hydraulically connected to the ramp common supply 5a.
the common feed ramp 5a is associated with means hydraulic interface 7a for its hydraulic connection to a supply circuit in pressure coolant provided in the lower case, no shown in Figure 1.
the nozzle 1a integral with the common feed ramp 5a, is engaged in the intermediate space 12 between the engine block 8 and the elements turners 10, and is connected and connected to the common feed ramp 5a by a tube that is bent appropriately to avoid rotating elements such as the connecting rod 10.
the nozzle 1a is oriented to project a jet of liquid from cooling to the bottom of the piston 13 associated with the rod 10 and also schematically represented.
the device is designed to be adapted in an inline engine, the cooling nozzles 1a-4a being arranged in line with respect to the pistons of said row of cylinders of the engine. There is then only one common feed ramp 5a, associated with these hydraulic interface means 7a.
the feed ramp common 5a and the nozzles such as the nozzle 1a, forming the whole mechanically rigid 6a, comprise fixing means 14 for fixing in the engine away from the moving parts such as the connecting rod 10.
FIGS. 3 and 4 a second embodiment of FIG. cooling device of the invention.
second common feed ramp 5b carrying a second line of cooling nozzles 1b, 2b, 3b and 4b in forming a second mechanically rigid assembly 6b, with second means hydraulic interface 7b for the hydraulic connection to the supply circuit in coolant provided in the engine.
This second embodiment is adapted to be mounted on a motor having two respective rows of V cylinders.
FIG. 4 a distinction is made in the engine block 8 piston 13a and a second piston 13b, acting on the same central crankshaft by respective rods 10a and 10b.
the cooling nozzle 1a associated with its common feeding ramp 5a, is adapted in the first space intermediate 12a for projecting a jet of cooling fluid on the bottom of the first piston 13a.
the second cooling nozzle 1b associated with the second common feed ramp 5b, is adapted in the second space 12b intermediate to project a jet of coolant into the bottom of the second piston 13b.
the device comprises two common feeding ramps 5a and 5b, each carrying a line of nozzles of cooling, respectively 1a-4a and 1b-4b, arranged with respect to a respective row of pistons of the V-cylinder engine.
Each mechanically rigid assembly 6a or 6b is associated with fixing means 14a or 14b to be fixed directly to the engine block 8.
the mechanically rigid assemblies 6a and 6b have structures similar, symmetrically opposed, on which we find the elements essentials illustrated in Figure 3.
This set includes a longitudinal tube supply forming the common feed ramp 5a, the tube comprising connectors 51, 52, 53 and 54 on which tubes are fitted respective transverse members 55, 56, 57 and 58, the respective free ends of which constitute the jets 1a, 2a, 3a and 4a.
a fixing plate 60 comprising fixing lugs 61, 62 and 63, is fixed to the longitudinal feed tube forming the common supply rail 5a by brazing, welding, gluing or any other appropriate assembly means.
the fixing lugs 61, 62 and 63 are parallel, oriented inward towards the other mechanically rigid assembly 6b, and are each provided with a fixing hole 64, 65 or 66.
the fixing plate 60 is further folded into shaped angle in the corner of which is fixed the longitudinal tube power supply constituting the common supply ramp 5a.
the first wing of the fixing plate 60 constitutes the fastening lugs 61-63.
the second wing angle bracket plate includes transverse extensions respectively 67, 68, 69 and 70, which are parallel to the transverse tubes 55, 56, 57 and 58, and whose end zones 71, 72, 73 and 74 are attached to the tubes 55-58 respectively by soldering, welding, gluing, or any other means appropriate.
the transverse extensions 67-70 constitute stiffening means, opposing any displacement of the nozzles 1a-4a by compared to the rest of the mechanically rigid assembly 6a.
hydraulic interface means 7a are provided comprising, on the ramp 5a common feed, a lower inlet 15a, adapted for sealingly connect to an upper supply port 16a provided, such as illustrated in FIG. 6, in a flat top facet of a connection block 24 of the lower casing 17, in the plane of assembly joint of the lower casing 17. hydraulic connection is ensured by the crankcase assembly movement lower 17 under the engine block 8.
the upper supply port 16a is in communication with the pressurized oil circulation circuit of engine in crankcase 17.
hydraulic interface means 7b comprising a lower inlet port 15b which is adapted to connect tightly to an upper supply orifice 16b provided in a planar upper facet of a connection block 25 of the lower casing 17, in the joint plane lower casing assembly 17.
the orifice upper supply 16b communicates with an open junction port 18b towards the inside of the lower casing 17, and adapted to receive in a sealed manner the end of a second connecting line 19b.
the second connection line 19b is intended to be housed inside the lower case 17 and to connect the junction orifice 18b with a sensing orifice 20 of the circulation circuit of engine pressure oil provided in the wall of the crankcase 17.
the sensing orifice 20 communicates with the circuit of flow of oil under pressure from the engine downstream or upstream of the oil filter 21.
valve 22 fits on the sensing orifice 20, and delivers the coolant to the second connecting line 19b which leads itself to the junction port 18b itself in communication with the upper supply port 16b communicating with the second ramp common feed 5b, when the lower housing 17 is fitted under the engine block 8.
valve 22 communicates further with a first connecting line 19a, which leads the coolant to a first upper supply port 16a se connecting itself to the first common feed ramp 5a when the bottom casing 17 is fitted under the engine block.
the subassembly constituted by the two connecting pipes 19a and 19b and by the control valve 22 is engaged inside the lower case 17, and fixed by the valve 22 and the two ends of the connecting pipes 19a and 19b which are fixed on the wall of the lower casing 17 for example by screws engaged in the holes of fastening lugs such as the tab 23b.
connection block or blocks 24 and 25 may be constituted by a portion of the wall of the lower casing 17 itself, that is to say that they can be monoblock with the lower casing 17.
connection block (s) 24 and 25 may be fitted and fixed in the lower case 17.
the lower inlet orifices 15a and 15b are simple tubes intended to engage inside the orifice corresponding upper supply 16a or 16b. We understand that this requires precise and delicate positioning of the ends of the tubes facing to the orifices, when the lower casing 17 is fitted under the engine.
the lower inlet orifice (s) 15a and 15b are provided in a flat bottom facet of the mechanically rigid assembly 6a or 6b, in the plane assembly joint of the lower casing 17 to the engine block.
the crankcase seal itself provides an outgrowth covering the corresponding facets of the blocks of connection 24 and 25 and the mechanically rigid assembly 6a and 6b.
the first mechanically rigid assembly 6a is positioned along on one side of the engine, while the second one is mechanically rigid 6b is positioned along the second opposite side of the engine.
the transverse tubes 55-58 are engaged by penetrating the motor, as shown in the figure, while the 61-63 mounting brackets are shaped to be adapted to the geometry of the engine considered, by fixing on easily accessible areas of the engine block before crankcase adaptation
the fixing lugs 61-63 are oriented transversely to be fixed to the lower faces of the bearings respective 30-32 motor.
the fixing lugs 61-63 have holes for the passage of the respective threaded rods 33, 34 and 35 which ensure the fixing of the lower blocks of bearings, rods on which fixing lugs 61-63 by locking nuts screwed onto the rods (not shown in the figure).

Landscapes

Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Hydraulic Motors (AREA)
Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)

EP04356150A 2003-09-16 2004-09-02 Kühlungseinrichtung für die Kolben einer Brennkraftmaschine Expired - Lifetime EP1517014B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
FR0310986A FR2859756B1 (fr)	2003-09-16	2003-09-16	Dispositif de refroidissement pour pistons de moteur.
FR0310986		2003-09-16

Publications (2)

Publication Number	Publication Date
EP1517014A1 true EP1517014A1 (de)	2005-03-23
EP1517014B1 EP1517014B1 (de)	2011-06-01

Family

ID=34178917

Family Applications (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
EP04356150A Expired - Lifetime EP1517014B1 (de)	2003-09-16	2004-09-02	Kühlungseinrichtung für die Kolben einer Brennkraftmaschine

Country Status (7)

Country	Link
US (1)	US7360510B2 (de)
EP (1)	EP1517014B1 (de)
CN (1)	CN1306152C (de)
AT (1)	ATE511598T1 (de)
AU (1)	AU2004210615C1 (de)
BR (1)	BRPI0406284A (de)
FR (1)	FR2859756B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
FR2885170A1 (fr) *	2005-05-02	2006-11-03	Bontaz Ct Sa	Clapet a fuite controlee pour gicleur de refroidissement de piston

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
US7823545B2 (en) *	2007-08-17	2010-11-02	Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc.	Piston squirter system and method
US8567354B2 (en) *	2008-07-17	2013-10-29	Clear Energy Systems, Inc.	Portable energy generation systems
CN101871381A (zh) *	2010-06-02	2010-10-27	奇瑞汽车股份有限公司	一种电控控制活塞冷却喷嘴结构
US8955474B1 (en) *	2011-04-14	2015-02-17	Patrick J. Derbin	Closed loop electronic control for the reduction of soot produced in diesel, gasoline and alternative-fueled engines
GB2490938A (en) *	2011-05-19	2012-11-21	Gm Global Tech Operations Inc	Method to diagnose a fault of an oil piston cooling jets valve
FR3004489B1 (fr) *	2013-04-11	2017-04-28	Bontaz Centre R & D	Dispositif de refroidissement pour moteur a combustion interne a encombrement reduit et procede de fabrication d'un tel dispositif
JP6148111B2 (ja) *	2013-08-09	2017-06-14	トヨタ自動車株式会社	オイルジェット
US10731540B2 (en) *	2017-11-15	2020-08-04	Illinois Tool Works Inc.	Piston cooling jets
US10858982B2 (en)	2018-04-19	2020-12-08	Ford Global Technologies, Llc	Piston cooling system
DE102019112903B4 (de) *	2019-05-16	2023-06-15	Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft	Spritzdüsenanordnung zur Kolbenkühlung eines Motors
US10895191B2 (en) *	2019-06-07	2021-01-19	Bendix Commercial Vehicle Systems Llc	Fluid compressor and method of operating a fluid compressor to reduce oil carryover by a compressor piston assembly
US11248515B2 (en) *	2019-08-02	2022-02-15	Transportation Ip Holdings, Llc	Piston cooling jet system

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Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
DE1216014B (de) *	1961-02-09	1966-05-05	Int Harvester Co	Umlaufsystem zur Schmierung und Kolbenkuehlung von Brennkraftmaschinen
GB1309983A (en) *	1970-06-02	1973-03-14	Tatra Np	Devices for spraying oil on pistons of piston engines
JPH06264742A (ja) *	1993-03-15	1994-09-20	Nissan Motor Co Ltd	内燃機関のピストン冷却装置
US6019071A (en) *	1998-09-22	2000-02-01	Chrysler Corporation	Engine windage tray

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SE513026C2 (sv) *	1999-08-23	2000-06-19	Scania Cv Ab	Anordning för kolvkylning och förfarande för framställning av ett munstycke därtill
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FR2844003B1 (fr) *	2002-09-02	2006-06-16	Bontaz Centre Sa	Gicleur a projections multiples pour refroidissement de moteur, et moteurs equipes de tels gicleurs
US6742481B2 (en) *	2002-09-23	2004-06-01	General Motors Corporation	Piston cooling oil system with windage tray
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2003
- 2003-09-16 FR FR0310986A patent/FR2859756B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
2004
- 2004-09-02 AT AT04356150T patent/ATE511598T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-09-02 EP EP04356150A patent/EP1517014B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-09-13 AU AU2004210615A patent/AU2004210615C1/en not_active Ceased
- 2004-09-15 US US10/941,463 patent/US7360510B2/en active Active
- 2004-09-15 BR BR0406284-1A patent/BRPI0406284A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-09-16 CN CNB2004100778705A patent/CN1306152C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related

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DE1216014B (de) *	1961-02-09	1966-05-05	Int Harvester Co	Umlaufsystem zur Schmierung und Kolbenkuehlung von Brennkraftmaschinen
GB1309983A (en) *	1970-06-02	1973-03-14	Tatra Np	Devices for spraying oil on pistons of piston engines
JPH06264742A (ja) *	1993-03-15	1994-09-20	Nissan Motor Co Ltd	内燃機関のピストン冷却装置
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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
FR2885170A1 (fr) *	2005-05-02	2006-11-03	Bontaz Ct Sa	Clapet a fuite controlee pour gicleur de refroidissement de piston
EP1728981A2 (de) *	2005-05-02	2006-12-06	Bontaz Centre	Drucksteuerventil für eine Kolbenkühlungsdüse
US7350484B2 (en)	2005-05-02	2008-04-01	Bontaz Centre	Controlled leakage valve for piston cooling nozzle
EP1728981A3 (de) *	2005-05-02	2008-08-20	Bontaz Centre	Drucksteuerventil für eine Kolbenkühlungsdüse

Also Published As

Publication number	Publication date
CN1306152C (zh)	2007-03-21
AU2004210615B2 (en)	2006-02-16
FR2859756A1 (fr)	2005-03-18
AU2004210615C1 (en)	2006-10-26
US7360510B2 (en)	2008-04-22
BRPI0406284A (pt)	2005-07-12
ATE511598T1 (de)	2011-06-15
EP1517014B1 (de)	2011-06-01
CN1598261A (zh)	2005-03-23
FR2859756B1 (fr)	2007-09-21
AU2004210615A1 (en)	2005-04-07
US20050081802A1 (en)	2005-04-21

Publication	Publication Date	Title
EP1517014B1 (de)	2011-06-01	Kühlungseinrichtung für die Kolben einer Brennkraftmaschine
FR2607553A1 (fr)	1988-06-03	Dispositif de support pour deux arbres a cames dans la culasse d'un moteur a plusieurs cylindres en ligne
FR2853694A1 (fr)	2004-10-15	Collecteur d'admission en resine pour moteur de vehicule automobile
EP0975411B1 (de)	2002-09-25	Filter und filterkartusche mit äusserem anschlag für die filtration von flüssigkeiten, die in einem motor oder einer hydraulik zirkulieren
FR2536126A1 (fr)	1984-05-18	Reseau hydraulique a haute pression et montage de filtres a auto-nettoyage a lui associer
FR2536458A1 (fr)	1984-05-25	Moteur a combustion interne a moyens de lubrification simplifiee
FR2910529A3 (fr)	2008-06-27	Systeme hydraulique pour le rattrapage de jeu des soupapes des moteurs a combustion interne
FR2636417A1 (fr)	1990-03-16	Dispositif de raccord rapide d'une boite a fluide d'echangeur de chaleur
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FR2679962A1 (fr)	1993-02-05	Groupe d'alimentation pour moteur a combustion interne.
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FR2682994A1 (fr)	1993-04-30	Circuit de refroidissement par liquide pour moteur a combustion interne.
FR2661489A1 (fr)	1991-10-31	Dispositif de boite a eau et de vase d'expansion pour un echangeur de chaleur, tel qu'un radiateur de refroidissement, et echangeur de chaleur comprenant ce dispositif.
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FR2727722A1 (fr)	1996-06-07	Jupe de dispersion de carburant, pour injecteur d'un moteur a injection
EP0527684A1 (de)	1993-02-17	Zylinderkopf für Brennkraftmaschine
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WO2020160885A1 (fr)	2020-08-13	Agencement d'un compartiment moteur d'un véhicule automobile
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EP1180199B1 (de)	2004-09-15	Blattventile für zweitakt-brennkraftmaschine
EP0463900B1 (de)	1993-09-29	Schmierungssystem für die Kontaktfläche von einer Nockenwelle und einem hydraulischen Stössel einer Brennkraftmaschine

Legal Events

Date	Code	Title	Description
2005-02-04	PUAI	Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase	Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012
2005-03-23	AK	Designated contracting states	Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LI LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR
2005-03-23	AX	Request for extension of the european patent	Extension state: AL HR LT LV MK
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