EP1507052A1 - Force transfer element - Google Patents

Abstract

The compound material strip (5) has in the region of the force transfer at least one recess (6) so that a tie element (4) can be passed through the recess. At least one contact pressure plate (3) is pressed against the compound material through the tie element. The tie element is preferably a bolt or screw. Independent claim describes method for attaching power flow element to support structure where a recess is provided on the compound material strip and a contact pressure plate is placed against same.

Description

Technical area

The invention is based on a force introduction element for anchoring a band-shaped composite material according to the preamble of the first Claim.

The invention also relates to a method for attaching a force introduction element to a support structure and the use of a force introduction element for reinforcing a supporting structure.

State of the art

For the subsequent reinforcing of supporting structures are for some In addition to steel lamellas, laminates made of composite materials have also been used for years. These composites either become limp without longitudinal prestressing or glued over end anchors glued to the support structure. such End anchors are known and various attachment methods for transmitting power from a force introduction element to the composite material are already launched in the market. The force application elements available today but are complex in terms of material and production and voluminous in terms the outer dimensions, which on the one hand to uneconomical and on the other hand leads to structurally unsatisfactory solutions.

Most of the previously used force injections are the at the bias occurring tensile forces of the composite over Frictional forces due to clamping of the force introduction element on the composite material transfer. These are pressure plates, which are the composite material anchor with a uniform clamping pressure. It should the tensile forces of the composite material over the entire end anchorage area be transmitted. Because the composites usually have a width have a multiple, typically factor 25-150 of the thickness of the Composite is, is a uniform clamping pressure across the width of the Composite material only with solid, ie with thick and stiff pressure plates possible. The space is difficult and the Interventions in the supporting structure or building are complex, causing a deterioration the aesthetics brings.

An essential principle of the force introduction elements used today is that all the fibers of the composite material without interruption must run over the entire range of force application element. To meet this principle, have these force introduction elements Bolts or stirrups that extend beyond the cross-section of the composite are located. So that required for a reliable power transmission uniform clamping pressure is ensured, the between the bolts Tensioned steel plates are made thicker the wider the composite material is. For this reason, such force application elements are on today Widths of the composite of about 90 mm limited.

WO 99/10613 A1 and WO 96/21785 describe a force introduction element described that uses clamping wedges instead of bolts and plates, the be pressed onto the composite material via elliptical ring hoops. Around to keep the dimensions of these ring straps in an acceptable size, this is Force introduction limited to the composite material with a width of 60 mm.

Presentation of the invention

It is therefore an object of the present invention to eliminate the disadvantages of overcome prior art and a To provide force application element that for each width of the Composite material or lamella width can be used and little Space in the supporting structure required.

This object is achieved with the aid of an inventive force introduction element solved according to claim 1.

The solution of the problem is thus by a new force introduction element for anchoring a band-shaped composite material to a support structure achieved, wherein at least one recess in the composite material is executed, through which at least one tension element is a pressure plate presses against the composite. With these pressure plates is a Power transmission from the support structure to the composite material. The force introduction element may preferably represent a clamping head.

By the present invention, it is possible by a suitable Arrangement of tension elements, e.g. Bolt within the cross-sectional area transverse to the longitudinal direction of the band-shaped composite material a reliable Force introduction, this contrary to the previously observed principles and despite local interruption of fibers in the area of the force introduction element.

The advantages of the invention are, inter alia, that the inventive force introduction element for each width of the composite material can be used. The recesses, e.g. Holes are sharp-edged and damage with a diamond tipped hole Drill the composite material barely, bearing in mind that the Tensile elements up to a maximum of 50%, preferably 35% of the cross-sectional area transversely claim to the longitudinal direction of the band-shaped composite material, to the desired tensile force in the range of 180 to 250 kN when used to guarantee a force introduction element. The force introduction elements are slim and flat, which minimizes the intervention in the support structure limited.

Further advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent the dependent claims. This allows the cross-beam to be anywhere be arranged the pressure plates.

Short description of the drawing

In the following, with reference to the drawings, embodiments of Invention explained in more detail. Same elements are in the different figures provided with the same reference numerals.

Fig. 1

Eine Seitenansicht eines Krafteinleitungselementes;

Fig. 1 a

Eine Draufsicht des Krafteinleitungselementes mit zwei Zugelementen;

Fig. 1 b

Eine Draufsicht des Krafteinleitungselementes mit vier Zugelementen;

Fig. 2

Eine Seitenansicht einer weiteren Ausführung des Krafteinleitungselementes mit einer im wesentlichen mittig angeordneten Quer-Traverse;

Fig. 2a

Eine Draufsicht des Krafteinleitungselementes nach Fig. 2 mit einer mittig angeordneten Quer-Traverse mit zwei Zugelementen;

Fig. 2b

Eine Draufsicht der Krafteinleitungselemente nach Fig. 2 mit einer mittig angeordneten Quer-Traverse in einer weiteren Ausführungsform mit acht Zugelementen.

Show it:

Fig. 1

A side view of a force introduction element;

Fig. 1 a

A plan view of the force introduction element with two tension elements;

Fig. 1 b

A plan view of the force introduction element with four tension elements;

Fig. 2

A side view of another embodiment of the force introduction element with a substantially centrally arranged cross-Traverse;

Fig. 2a

A plan view of the force introduction element of Figure 2 with a centrally arranged cross-Traverse with two tension elements.

Fig. 2b

A plan view of the force introduction elements according to FIG. 2 with a centrally arranged cross-traverse in a further embodiment with eight tension elements.

Ways to carry out the invention

In FIGS. 1, 1 a, 1 b and 2, 2 a, 2 b, there is a force introduction element 1 shown.

FIGS. 1 and 1a and 1b show a force introduction element 1, via a cross-beam 2 to at least one threaded rod 9 in one not shown anchoring pipe or thrust mandrel is held, which in a borehole is secured in a support structure 10. The threaded rod 9 is mounted laterally on the force introduction element 1, wherein this threaded rod 9 through the cross-Traverse 2 of the force introduction element 1 leads. The composite material 5 is first using a press, which is at the end of the composite 5 is temporarily arranged, stretched in the pulling direction 11, and after that, this tension force is e.g. by turning a threaded screw 8 over introduced the cross-Traverse 2 in the threaded rod 9.

The force introduction element 1 comprises two pressure plates 3, wherein the Force introduction element 1 the composite material 5 with at least one tension element 4 evenly compressed. To increase the uniform contact force and thus transferable force, the pressure plates 3 a have special surface, which e.g. by mechanical roughening with Grinding or by a chemical pretreatment or use of a Adhesive is achieved to the adhesion between pressure plate 3 and composite material 5 to improve. The use of tension elements 4, which protrude through the composite material 5, resulting in a uniform contact force the pressure plates 3 to the composite material 5. Das Force introduction element 1 can be made slim and flat, which the Intervention in the support structure 10 is limited to a minimum. The thickness of the Pressure plates 3 is preferably depending on the slat width / thickness between 0.5 - 1.5 cm. Also, the force introduction element 1 according to the invention is for larger slat widths, than previously possible, usable.

The tension members 4 may be metallic clips, bolts or screws be, by means of the tension elements 4, the pressure plates 3 with a uniform contact pressure to the composite material 5 are pressed.

The arrangement of the tension elements 4 takes place in such a way that an optimal Force reduction of the plate tension to the recess 6 of the tension element. 4 takes place. The distance between the individual tension elements 4, measured from the edge of the recess, is preferably greater than 10 mm, in particular in a range of 15 to 30 mm. Also, the tension elements 4 are from the edge the recess 6 preferably at least 10 mm from the side of the plate edge in particular, they are in a range of 15 to 25 mm away.

The two pressure plates 3 are connected to the composite material 5 with pressed at least one tension element 4 or can be made using a Adhesive and at least one tension element 4 connected in two ways become.

The number, arrangement of the recesses 6 and the tension elements 4th and their dimensioning depends on the required contact pressure. They are only claimed on train and do not have dimensions for shear forces become.

When assembling the arrangement of the tension elements 4 is first the pressure plate 3 fixed. Using a special template that with the Holes for the tension elements 4 on the pressure plate 3 coincides are with a diamond-tipped drill preferably sharp-edged and precise Recesses 6 performed by the composite material 5. The so executed Recesses 6 hardly damage the composite material 5. It has shown, that the diameters of the recesses 6 up to a maximum of 50%, preferably 35% of the cross-sectional area transverse to the longitudinal direction of the band-shaped Compound 5 can claim, for. a desired one Tensile force in the range of 180 to 250 kN when using the force application element 1 to guarantee.

The cross-Traverse 2 can frontally to the force application element. 1 be arranged and can consist of one piece, in which case the composite material 5 is guided by the cross-Traverse 2. The cross-beam can also consist of two or more parts, in which case the parts after the covering of the composite material 5 are screwed together.

The stresses in the composite material occurring during this clamping process are qualitatively represented in the voltage diagram 7, where x is the path along the force introduction element 1 and y is the force at location x. Because the Transverse cross member 2 is not bonded to the composite material 5, the voltage spikes at the location of the cross-beam 2 and the pressure plates 3 highest and decrease towards zero until the end of the pressure plate 3 of Force introduction element 1.

The composite material 5 can be configured in the form of a lamella, which consists of fibers and a synthetic resin. The fiber can be in one direction i.e. be formed unidirectionally or additionally fibers in others Directions, in particular an angle plus 45 ° and minus 45 °, to the unidirectional Main fiber direction be constructed. The fibers may preferably made of aramid, carbon, glass, etc., which are embedded in a synthetic resin. The synthetic resin may be a duromer such as e.g. Epoxy, acrylates or a thermoplastic Material, such as Polyamide, epoxy, acrylates. For the achievement optimum adhesion to the pressure plate 3 is the surface of the composite material 5 is preferably specially embossed, e.g. roughened by grinding or pretreated with an adhesive or with a pretreatment system, such as. Treated primer, plasma, etc.

Furthermore, the pressure plates 3 can be wider than the composite material 5 be executed. Then in the overhang area, outside the area of the composite material 5, holes may be arranged in the pressure plate 3. This has the advantage that after biasing in the pulling direction 11 through this positioned next to the composite material 5 holes in the pressure plates Screw into the support structure 10 to relieve or eliminate the threaded rod 9 can be set.

Figures 1 and 1a show that the composite material 5 with two tension elements 4 is held over pressure plates 3. In Figure 1b, the composite material 5 held with four tension elements 4.

FIGS. 2 and 2 a and 2 b show a further embodiment, in which the cross-traverse arranged substantially centrally of the pressure plates 3 is. The voltage spikes that occur are in the voltage diagram 7 and are comparable to those in FIG.

In Figure 2a, the composite material 5 by means of pressure plates and two tension elements 4 and in Figure 2b by means of the pressure plates and eight tension elements 4 held.

Of course, the invention is not limited to those shown and described Embodiments limited. The cross traverse can be attached to a be arranged anywhere on the pressure plates 3. The number of Tension elements is irrelevant in itself and must meet the respective requirements be adjusted. If necessary, it can also use only one pressure plate become.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Force application element

2

Cross-Traverse

3

pressure plate

4

tension element

5

Band-shaped composite material

6

recess

7

voltage diagram

8th

screw

9

threaded rod

10

supporting structure

11

tensile direction

Claims (9)

Force introduction element (1) for anchoring a band-shaped composite material (5) on a support structure (10), wherein a force transmission from the support structure (10) on the composite material (5) substantially by means of at least one pressure plate (3), characterized in that Composite material (5) in the region of the force transmission at least one recess (6) is arranged, that at least one tension element (4) through the recess (6) in the composite material (5) is passed, and that the at least one pressure plate (3) by means of the minimum a tension element (4) is pressed against the composite material (5). Force introduction element (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that in the composite material (5) in the region of the force transmission two or more recesses (6) are arranged and that in each case a tension element (4) passed through the recess (6) in the composite material (5) is. Force introduction element (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the tension element (4) is preferably a bolt or a screw or a metallic clamp. Force introduction element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the recesses (6) claim a maximum of 50%, preferably 35% of the cross-sectional area transversely to the longitudinal direction of the band-shaped composite material (5). Force introduction element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a transverse cross-member (2) is arranged at any desired location on the pressure plate (3). Force introduction element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transverse crossmember (2) is arranged on the end face on the pressure plate (3) for prestressing the support structure (10). Method for attaching a force introduction element (1) to a support structure (10) according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least one recess (6) is attached to the composite material (5), that the at least one pressure plate (3) in the region Recess is applied to the composite material (5) and that a tension element (4) through the recess (6) in the pressure plate (3) and the composite material (5) passed and so the pressure plate (3) on the composite material (5) is attached. A method according to claim 7, characterized in that a transverse cross-member (2) either at the front or at any point on the pressure plate (3) for biasing the support structure (10) is mounted. Use of a force introduction element (1) according to claims 1 to 6 for reinforcing a support structure (10), in particular a concrete structure.

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