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EP1591206A2 - Drehmoment-Werkzeug, insbesondere Schlüssel und Verfahren zur Detektion des Endes eines Gleichgewichtszustands während der Aufbringung eines Drehmoments - Google Patents

Drehmoment-Werkzeug, insbesondere Schlüssel und Verfahren zur Detektion des Endes eines Gleichgewichtszustands während der Aufbringung eines Drehmoments Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1591206A2
EP1591206A2 EP05290725A EP05290725A EP1591206A2 EP 1591206 A2 EP1591206 A2 EP 1591206A2 EP 05290725 A EP05290725 A EP 05290725A EP 05290725 A EP05290725 A EP 05290725A EP 1591206 A2 EP1591206 A2 EP 1591206A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
torque
mechanical
measurement
tool
fastener
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP05290725A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1591206B1 (de
EP1591206A3 (de
Inventor
Bertrand Cupif
Philippe Praudel
Jocelyn Vecchio
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Stanley Works Europe GmbH
Original Assignee
Facom SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR0403722A external-priority patent/FR2868722B1/fr
Priority claimed from FR0403724A external-priority patent/FR2868723B1/fr
Application filed by Facom SA filed Critical Facom SA
Publication of EP1591206A2 publication Critical patent/EP1591206A2/de
Publication of EP1591206A3 publication Critical patent/EP1591206A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1591206B1 publication Critical patent/EP1591206B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B23/00—Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
    • B25B23/14—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B25B23/142—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for hand operated wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B25B23/1422—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for hand operated wrenches or screwdrivers torque indicators or adjustable torque limiters
    • B25B23/1425—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for hand operated wrenches or screwdrivers torque indicators or adjustable torque limiters by electrical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B23/00—Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
    • B25B23/14—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B25B23/142—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for hand operated wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B25B23/1422—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for hand operated wrenches or screwdrivers torque indicators or adjustable torque limiters
    • B25B23/1427—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for hand operated wrenches or screwdrivers torque indicators or adjustable torque limiters by mechanical means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a tool, in particular a mechanical torque wrench with manual application torque comprising mechanical means capable of providing a predetermined torque at a drive portion intended to cooperate with a screwing member to drive a fixing element, said mechanical means being in balance under the action of suitable means of solicitation, said mechanical means being releasable by rupture of equilibrium, and means for detecting the rupture balance.
  • Dynamometer tools offer mechanical tools, whose principle is based on a break in balance highly noticeable, to detect the break of balance by a device comprising a circuit provided with a switching means the state of which is modified by the break in equilibrium, and a unit of treatment, adapted to exploit the information relating to the state of said switching means.
  • the whole device detection is usually housed in a fixed housing externally to the body of the tool.
  • Such a construction does not give whole satisfaction, because the housing defines a protuberance peripheral to the body of the tool, potentially annoying for introducing the tool into a mechanical member on which the operator intervenes.
  • Such a construction uses a switch miniature whose life is relatively low, and which raises reliability problems when it is subject to abrupt actuations, which is usually the case for tools with mechanical breakage.
  • torque wrenches electronics is not desired on the assembly lines because no physical sensation of exceeding the couple's tightening is noticeable.
  • a main goal is to remedy these disadvantages, and to provide a mechanical dynamometric tool congestion does not increase and whose reliability is increased.
  • Another goal is to provide a dynamometric tool mechanics improving the traceability of the tightening operations to the couple, taking into account the phenomenon of over-torque.
  • the means for detecting the rupture of mechanical balance comprise measuring means which provide a signal corresponding to the measurement of the torque applied to the fastener, processing means of said signal and processing means by calculation of data resulting from the electronic processing of said signal.
  • FIGs 1 to 3 there is shown a key according to the invention, the key having a X-X longitudinal axis, oriented from “back” to "front”.
  • the key 1 which has been represented essentially consists of a whole tubular 3 of generally cylindrical shape, defining a external hollow body, head or drive element 5 towards the front of the key, a gripping handle assembly 7 of the tool, located towards the back of the key.
  • the tubular assembly 3 is formed of an outer sheath 3a defined by a cylindrical sleeve, and an inner tube 3b, the sheath 3a being fit-fitted on the tube 3b and covering the tube 3b in the front part of this latest.
  • the sheath 3a, the tube 3b and the head 5 are of preferably metal parts.
  • the key represented is of the key production type trigger, that is to say the type used in the workshop of production to tighten as a result of a large number of elements identical bolts, at the same predetermined torque. For this type of tool, it is not necessary to readjust frequently the triggering torque. It is understood that the invention applies as well to a so-called key production, in particular with triggering as represented to the figures or to break, than to a torque wrench adjustable.
  • the handle assembly 7 is mounted fixedly on the tube assembly 3, the proximal end of the handle assembly 7 comprising a plug 111 comprising a shutter 119 preserving a passage inwardly of the tubular assembly 3.
  • the adjustment members of the Setpoint torque can be accessed by means of a tool the inside of tubular assemblies 3 and 7, after removing the shutter 119 from the plug 111.
  • the key 1 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 presents a handle assembly 7 comprising a support-handle 71 of shape cylindrical extension extending coaxially with the X-X axis of the key into which a support module 41 is mounted and fixed, said support-handle 71 being fitted and fixed on the part rear of the tube 3b.
  • the handle set 7 also includes a sleeve 101 partially covering the support-handle 71, and on which it is fixed. The rear end of the sheath 3a fits with play in the front end of the handle bracket 71.
  • the training head 5 is a part which comprises a front block 21 projecting from the front of the tube assembly 3, a intermediate hinge zone 23, and a tail tail 25 fitted with game in tube 3 and mounted with possibility pivoting on the tube 3 around a materialized Z-Z axis by a pin 27.
  • the drive head comprises also, located between the front block 21 and the 23, an elastic bar 26 having in section cross-section a rectangular shape of constant dimensions over its entire length.
  • the bar 26 has faces laterals 26a made in a plane parallel to the Z-Z axis, so that they undergo the deformations of the bar 26.
  • the trunnion 27 crosses the zone diametrically 23, the sheath 3a and the tube 3b being solidarity of the last two.
  • Block 21 has, from its front end, a attachment 29, in which can fit and fix a actuating device (not shown).
  • a actuating device (not shown).
  • This last one is typically a reversible reversible ratchet head, equipped with a training square on which fits a screwing socket.
  • the assembly formed of the pusher 65 and the die 67 defines a axial support means on the drive head 25.
  • the axial position of the threaded cylinder 31 determines the compression of the spring 61, and thus the effort axial support of the pusher 65 on the tail 25, by through the die 67.
  • the die 67 tilts and pushes back the pusher.
  • the assembly handle 7 comprises a support module 41 of means electrical / electronic and / or power supply.
  • the support module 41 comprises a support comprising recesses and / or housing and end faces adapted to receive respectively power supply members 42, such as "AAA" type batteries and electrical / electronic circuit.
  • the proximal end 74 of the support-handle 71 has a tubular section extending longitudinally, in shape and size adapted to receive the support-module 41.
  • An elongated light 75 is made axially and at distance from the proximal end face 74, on a half circumference of the outer wall of the support-handle 71.
  • the recesses suitable for receiving the organs power supply 42 are positioned with respect to the elongate light 75 of the handle-holder 71. This configuration allows quick access to batteries 42.
  • a fastening element 86 holds in position the support module 41 in the handle-holder 71.
  • measurement means 121 of the deformation of the elastic bar 26 of the head 5 are made of sensitive elements measuring devices, such as resistive extensometers glued (strain gages) on the faces 26a of the bar 26.
  • sensitive elements measuring devices such as resistive extensometers glued (strain gages) on the faces 26a of the bar 26.
  • Known measuring means of another type may be used while remaining within the scope of this invention.
  • a thin elongated insulating plate 121 carrying extensometers formed and wired directly onto it is fixed rigidly, and in a manner known per se, on a lateral face 26a of the Bar 26.
  • Extensometers are connected to a sheet of wires conductors 123.
  • This layer 123 travels through a conduit inside the tail 25 of the 5 training head, just behind the hinge zone 23, passing through a 26b inlet port in communication with a port of exit 26c.
  • the tablecloth 123 then passes through a light oblong 3c located in the distal portion of the tube 3b for continue his journey, inserted in a 3d groove longitudinal formed on the outer surface of the tube 3b.
  • the end of the sheet 123 opposite the plate 121 carrying the extensometers is connected to a connector 124, itself connected to one of the electrical circuit boards of the support module 41 via a clearance 77 realized on the handle support 71 between the light 75 and the distal end 72, in the half circumference opposite to that of light 75.
  • the handle-holder 71 has, between the clearance 77 and the distal end 72, a groove 78 is adapted to receive a seal 80, such as a seal ring.
  • the plug 111 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, also includes a passage 118 extending in the X-X axis of the key 61 and in the extension of a central duct 47 support of the support module 41.
  • This arrangement allows an operator to introduce a screwdriver blade or a male key in order to access from the outside to the training part 33 of the second Threaded cylinder 31 crossing successively and since the outside, the plug 111, the support module 41, the first threaded cylinder 91.
  • the plug 111 also includes a passage 120 fit let a flexible antenna 87 connected to one of the electrical circuit boards / electronic support module 41.
  • Resistive sensory elements such as extensometers or strain gauges 121 are connected, known manner, in a Wheatstone bridge circuit, translating the deformation of test bar 26 into difference in resistance.
  • Batteries or accumulators 42 located on the support module 41 constitute the source of voltage supplying the bridge circuit.
  • the support module 41 comprises electronic means allowing the processing of the signal from the gauges of constraint 121.
  • the support module 41 also comprises means electronic calculators to detect if the break mechanical balance occurred or not.
  • the support module 41 also includes electronic means of transmitting a information corresponding to the detection of rupture balance and / or measurement.
  • the electronic schema comprises a bridge gage circuit 121 connected to one or several amplifier inputs 201.
  • the output of the amplifier is connected to a dual device analog / digital conversion 203 and a microcontroller 205.
  • Electronic memory means 207 make it possible to store one or more information.
  • Means 215 allow to perform calculations on numerical data from the previous electronic devices. The power supply of these elements is ensured by the batteries 42.
  • Information from the electronic equipment of the previously described key can be transmitted remotely 217 to a control equipment 219 through a transmission module 209 and an antenna 87.
  • these same information can be displayed by via a display device such as a screen 211 or a diode display device electroluminescent devices 213.
  • Figure 4a shows a measurement curve of the torque Ci of tightening in the time t, characteristic of a key to breakage of mechanical balance.
  • the curve has two peaks 301 and 303 consecutive, separated by a valley form 305.
  • the key undergoes a break of equilibrium mechanical defining the trigger.
  • Valley form 305 corresponds to the break of mechanical equilibrium.
  • Peak 303 corresponds to the measurement of the over-torque applied after the break of balance, ie the couple maximum CM applied to the fastener once broken balance. Peak 301 corresponds to the measurement of applied torque before break-off.
  • Figure 5 presents a flowchart of a cycle of torque tightening.
  • a parameterization phase of the tool is carried out before any operation. It consists of memorizing a number identification of the tool, to predetermine a first threshold measurement base C0, a second low threshold of measurement C1 and initialize the number of tightening cycles.
  • the key has a "sleep" mode with sampling 401. During slow sampling, a measurement of 403 is realized. This measure Ci is stored and compared 405 to first predetermined lower threshold C0.
  • the mode "Watch” is kept with slow sampling. If the measure Ci is greater than the threshold C0, the key passes then in "work” mode 407 with fast sampling.
  • the microcontroller stores in a memory 409 a value of maximum torque CM equal to the threshold value C0.
  • the microcontroller samples 410 constantly the tension of the gauges and compare 411 the measured value Ci to the torque value maximum CM. The microcontroller retains the most value high. The maximum measured torque value CM is thus stored in a memory 413.
  • the stored value is then compared 415 to the second predetermined low threshold C1.
  • the microcontroller performs a test of presence of rupture mechanical balance 417.
  • the microcontroller increments cycle number 419. Presence test positive conditions the transmission 421 of one or more information about the tightening sequence, such as the presence of the breakdown of mechanical equilibrium and / or maximum torque value CM, an identification number of the tool, the number of the cycle.
  • the detection of breakage of mechanical equilibrium is performed by analyzing the specific waveform created by the sudden variation in the resistance of the gauges at the time of trigger.
  • the variation of the gauge voltage is under the form of a pulse whose relaxation time is characterized by the natural frequency of the test body. This relaxation time is fixed because related to the accuracy of the breakage of mechanical balance.
  • Figure 6a shows a flowchart of a first mode detection of the mechanical equilibrium break.
  • the microcontroller samples 501 the voltage of output of the measuring means of the gauges.
  • a calculator 215 performs a derivation calculation dCi / dt of the voltage of output Ci with respect to time t and stores 503 the value of this derivative in a memory m.
  • the calculator 215 compares 505 the value of the derivative calculated m to a predetermined slope value m0.
  • the computer 215 performs a recalculation of the next sampling.
  • the microcontroller If the calculated value m is greater than the value predetermined slope m0, the microcontroller provides a mechanical balance failure presence information. After digital / analogue conversion, a presence signal trigger can be transmitted 507.
  • Figure 6b shows a flowchart of a second mode detection of the mechanical equilibrium break.
  • the microcontroller samples 600 the voltage of output of the measuring means of the gauges.
  • a first curve 601 for measuring the tightening torque Ci as a function of time t is memorized.
  • a second curve 602, identical to the first curve 601, is stored with a delta shift t, positive and weak, in time t.
  • a calculator performs a test to identify the presence of an intersection 305 'between the first 601 and the second curve 602.
  • the break mechanical balance 305 is present.
  • the microcontroller provides information of presence of break of equilibrium mechanical. After digital / analog conversion, a signal triggering presence or breakage of balance can be transmitted 607.
  • FIG. 4b represents a first curve 601 of FIG. measuring the tightening torque Ci in time t.
  • the first one curve 601 has a first peak 301 'characteristic of a trigger key.
  • the second constructed curve 602 has a peak 301 ", itself shifted by a delta interval t in time.
  • intersection 305 'of the first 601 and second 602 curves defines the calculated instant of the trigger or break mechanical balance.
  • Transmission can be transmission by link wireless 217 to a control equipment 219 be external be integrated into the key.
  • link wireless 217 may be a radio frequency link in the 869Mhz ISM band.
  • the previous wireless transmission can be replaced by a wired transmission.
  • the value of the maximum torque measured after rupture mechanical balance of the key can then be displayed on a screen of the control equipment.
  • the detection method according to the invention allows other steps such as, successively, the measurement of the maximum torque after breaking the mechanical balance, the transmission of the maximum torque measurement after the break mechanical balance and the display of the measured value maximum torque after breaking the mechanical balance.
  • the steps of the detection method can be preceded by a step of identifying the tool.
  • the clamping method according to the invention is characteristic in that it includes the steps of providing information corresponding to the measurement of the couple applied to the fastener, electronic processing and the provision of information corresponding to the measure maximum torque applied after break-off mechanical transmission of said information corresponding to the measurement of the maximum torque after the break mechanical balance.
  • the steps of the tightening process can be preceded a step of identifying the tool. These steps can be followed by a step of displaying the measured value maximum torque after breaking the mechanical balance.
  • the invention applies in a particularly suitable for a torque wrench to trigger, as described previously, but it could also be suitable for other dynamometric tools, for example example a wrench or a screwdriver.
  • the invention which has just been described makes it possible to make reliable the break-even function mechanical, without extra space for a tool torque.
  • the invention which has just been described makes it possible to improve the traceability of a tightening by a dynamometric tool, in measuring the over-torque.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Details Of Spanners, Wrenches, And Screw Drivers And Accessories (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
EP05290725.0A 2004-04-09 2005-04-01 Drehmoment-Werkzeug, insbesondere Schlüssel und Verfahren zur Detektion des Endes eines Gleichgewichtszustands während der Aufbringung eines Drehmoments Not-in-force EP1591206B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0403722A FR2868722B1 (fr) 2004-04-09 2004-04-09 Outil, notamment cle, dynamometrique et procede de serrage au couple
FR0403724 2004-04-09
FR0403722 2004-04-09
FR0403724A FR2868723B1 (fr) 2004-04-09 2004-04-09 Outil, notamment cle, dynamometrique et procede de detection de rupture d'equilibre lors d'un serrage au couple

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1591206A2 true EP1591206A2 (de) 2005-11-02
EP1591206A3 EP1591206A3 (de) 2007-03-28
EP1591206B1 EP1591206B1 (de) 2015-02-11

Family

ID=34942060

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05290725.0A Not-in-force EP1591206B1 (de) 2004-04-09 2005-04-01 Drehmoment-Werkzeug, insbesondere Schlüssel und Verfahren zur Detektion des Endes eines Gleichgewichtszustands während der Aufbringung eines Drehmoments

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (1) US7284451B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1591206B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108025423A (zh) * 2015-07-31 2018-05-11 史丹利百得Mea有限公司 用于监测工具的装置和方法

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7343824B2 (en) * 2006-06-20 2008-03-18 Bradshaw Medical, Inc. Variable torque-limiting driver
FR2915122B1 (fr) * 2007-04-18 2009-06-05 Georges Renault Soc Par Action Outil de vissage comprenant une fenetre de reglage d'un couple de vissage et une trappe d'obturation de la fenetre susceptible d'etre entrainee par un mecanisme presentant des moyens d'actionnement
US7934428B2 (en) * 2007-09-20 2011-05-03 Asi Datamyte, Inc. Residual torque analyzer
DE102010019792A1 (de) * 2010-05-06 2011-11-10 Lösomat Schraubtechnik Neef Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung eines drehmomentgenauen Anzugsmoments für Schraubverbindungen und Verfahren zur Kalibrierung einer solchen Vorrichtung
TW201402282A (zh) * 2012-07-10 2014-01-16 Matatakitoyo Tool Co Ltd 扭力扳手結構
WO2014201243A2 (en) * 2013-06-13 2014-12-18 Stanley Black & Decker, Inc. Wireless tool system
DE102018113744B4 (de) * 2018-06-08 2022-08-11 Asm Assembly Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg Nivelliervorrichtung
TWI827306B (zh) * 2022-10-13 2023-12-21 和嘉興精密股份有限公司 扭力結構

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US4110829A (en) * 1974-09-19 1978-08-29 Standard Pressed Steel Co. Apparatus for and method of determining rotational and linear stiffness
US4426887A (en) * 1982-04-29 1984-01-24 Gse, Inc. Method of measuring previously applied torque to a fastener
US4562746A (en) * 1983-03-17 1986-01-07 Facom Dynamometric tightening apparatus
EP1038638A1 (de) * 1999-03-22 2000-09-27 Raimund Wilhelm Drehmomentschlüssel
US6138539A (en) * 1998-08-27 2000-10-31 Ace Surgical Supply Co., Inc. Torque ratchet tool particularly useful with endosseous dental implants
EP1068931A2 (de) * 1999-07-12 2001-01-17 BLM S.a.s. di L. Bareggi & C. Werkzeug zum Anziehen von Befestigungsmitteln und Überwachungsstation mit gegenseitiger drahtloser Datenübermittlung
US6276243B1 (en) * 1999-07-08 2001-08-21 Bradley G. Jenkins Electromechanical releasing torque wrench
DE10226134A1 (de) * 2002-06-12 2003-12-24 Schatz Ag Drehmomentschlüssel mit Auslösemechanismus
US20040003683A1 (en) * 2000-07-06 2004-01-08 Dickory Rudduck Multi-function tool
FR2842449A1 (fr) * 2002-07-17 2004-01-23 Facom Dispositif et outil d'assemblage a sortie de donnees

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US3982419A (en) * 1972-05-09 1976-09-28 Standard Pressed Steel Co. Apparatus for and method of determining rotational and linear stiffness
US4319494A (en) * 1979-03-15 1982-03-16 Gse, Inc. Retorque measuring apparatus
US4450727A (en) * 1982-04-29 1984-05-29 Gse, Inc. Digital retorque measuring apparatus
US5129293A (en) * 1991-06-10 1992-07-14 Precision Instruments, Inc. Torque control mechanism for wrenches and the like
JPH08118251A (ja) * 1994-10-19 1996-05-14 Tonichi Seisakusho:Kk トルクレンチにおけるデータ転送装置
IT1312407B1 (it) * 1999-06-16 2002-04-17 Blm S A S Di L Bareggi & C Attrezzo perfezionato per il serraggio,con inserti intercambiabili
US6968759B2 (en) * 2001-11-14 2005-11-29 Snap-On Incorporated Electronic torque wrench

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4110829A (en) * 1974-09-19 1978-08-29 Standard Pressed Steel Co. Apparatus for and method of determining rotational and linear stiffness
US4426887A (en) * 1982-04-29 1984-01-24 Gse, Inc. Method of measuring previously applied torque to a fastener
US4562746A (en) * 1983-03-17 1986-01-07 Facom Dynamometric tightening apparatus
US6138539A (en) * 1998-08-27 2000-10-31 Ace Surgical Supply Co., Inc. Torque ratchet tool particularly useful with endosseous dental implants
EP1038638A1 (de) * 1999-03-22 2000-09-27 Raimund Wilhelm Drehmomentschlüssel
US6276243B1 (en) * 1999-07-08 2001-08-21 Bradley G. Jenkins Electromechanical releasing torque wrench
EP1068931A2 (de) * 1999-07-12 2001-01-17 BLM S.a.s. di L. Bareggi & C. Werkzeug zum Anziehen von Befestigungsmitteln und Überwachungsstation mit gegenseitiger drahtloser Datenübermittlung
US20040003683A1 (en) * 2000-07-06 2004-01-08 Dickory Rudduck Multi-function tool
DE10226134A1 (de) * 2002-06-12 2003-12-24 Schatz Ag Drehmomentschlüssel mit Auslösemechanismus
FR2842449A1 (fr) * 2002-07-17 2004-01-23 Facom Dispositif et outil d'assemblage a sortie de donnees

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108025423A (zh) * 2015-07-31 2018-05-11 史丹利百得Mea有限公司 用于监测工具的装置和方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US7284451B2 (en) 2007-10-23
EP1591206B1 (de) 2015-02-11
US20050223817A1 (en) 2005-10-13
EP1591206A3 (de) 2007-03-28

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