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EP1583907B1 - Eolienne a fondation flottante - Google Patents

Eolienne a fondation flottante Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1583907B1
EP1583907B1 EP03814457A EP03814457A EP1583907B1 EP 1583907 B1 EP1583907 B1 EP 1583907B1 EP 03814457 A EP03814457 A EP 03814457A EP 03814457 A EP03814457 A EP 03814457A EP 1583907 B1 EP1583907 B1 EP 1583907B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wind turbine
tower
floating foundation
foundation according
buoyancy
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03814457A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1583907A2 (fr
Inventor
Erik Nim
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vestas Wind Systems AS
Original Assignee
Vestas Wind Systems AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vestas Wind Systems AS filed Critical Vestas Wind Systems AS
Publication of EP1583907A2 publication Critical patent/EP1583907A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1583907B1 publication Critical patent/EP1583907B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F03D13/22—Foundations specially adapted for wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F03D13/25—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors specially adapted for offshore installation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B63B2035/4433—Floating structures carrying electric power plants
    • B63B2035/446—Floating structures carrying electric power plants for converting wind energy into electric energy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B2241/00—Design characteristics
    • B63B2241/02—Design characterised by particular shapes
    • B63B2241/10—Design characterised by particular shapes by particular three dimensional shapes
    • B63B2241/16—Design characterised by particular shapes by particular three dimensional shapes polyhedral
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0091—Offshore structures for wind turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/93—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a structure floating on a liquid surface
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/95—Mounting on supporting structures or systems offshore
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/727—Offshore wind turbines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to wind turbines with floating foundations and more particularly to such wind turbines for use in offshore installations at greater water depths and under conditions where the installation is subjected to both heavy wind loads and to great dynamic forces from the movement of the sea.
  • Wind turbines for converting wind energy to electrical power have been known and applied for many years but have found a dramatically increased application as an alternative energy source during the last couple of decades. It has become common to place wind turbines together in large groups of turbines often counting hundreds of wind turbines within a restricted area. Such large collections of wind turbines can provide an environmentally less desirable solution both from an aesthetic point of view and also due to the inevitable noise problems they cause. Furthermore, the positioning of wind turbines on land may not always be an optimal placement, as it is preferable that the blades of the wind turbine be located in a laminate flow of air which is not always obtained on land due to for instance the presence of hills, woods, buildings, etc.
  • DE 100 34 847 A1 discloses a floating foundation for instance for offshore wind turbines designed for water depths of up to 100 meters.
  • This floating foundation comprises a pyramidal buoyancy body (or rather structure) with a generally quadratic base, the buoyancy structure being formed by a number of cylindrical bodies or tubes.
  • the tower of the wind turbine is placed centrally on this buoyancy structure.
  • the buoyancy structure is maintained on site by means of four tensioned tethers attached to each of the four corners of the quadratic base.
  • the tower itself penetrates the surface of the sea and extends to the base of the buoyancy structure.
  • a floating offshore wind power installation is disclosed in WO 01/73292 A1 .
  • the installation comprises a raft consisting of two cylindrical carrying pontoons acting as buoyancy bodies placed in parallel relationship to each other for carrying a tower provided with a wind turbine at its upper end.
  • the tower extends normally to the plane of the cylindrical pontoons and in order to attain sufficient stability of the connection between the tower and the pontoons, a stiffening wire extends between one end of the pontoons and a point in the vicinity of the upper end of the tower.
  • the wires between the buoyancy bodies and the top portion of the tower can not be applied in systems where the nacelle must be relatable relative to the tower, which is necessary, when the buoyancy body or -bodies are fixed to the bottom of the sea in a manner that prevents rotation of the buoyancy bodies about the longitudinal axis through the tower.
  • the solution disclosed in this document is not applicable for a wind turbine according to the present invention.
  • Such wire stiffeners would at any rate not provide a solution of satisfactory stability in systems with high towers and hence long wires.
  • a floating foundation comprising at least three submerged buoyancy bodies, each of which are connected to the tower of the wind turbine via a separate connecting member or a leg section, such that the at least three leg sections are joined with the tower by means of a common central node member positioned in such a manner relative to the buoyancy bodies that the forces taken up by the node member and the torque exerted on the node member due to wind loads on the rotor and the tower are significantly reduced compared to prior art structures, and such that the parts of the foundation penetrating the surface of the water, and hence subjected to wave loads, are kept as limited in extent as possible, thereby reducing the effect of wave loads on the foundation, compared for instance to foundations in which the tower itself penetrates the surface of the water.
  • said node member is formed as a separate body provided with suitable attachment means for the tower and for the foundation, but in principle it would also be possible to form the node member as an integral part of either the tower or the foundation. Which solution is chosen will for instance depend on the specific dimensions of the wind turbine, specific problems relating to the transport to the offshore site and the installation on site.
  • the wind turbine with tension leg foundation according to the invention is maintained on site by means of suitable anchor means or tethers extending for instance from each of the buoyancy bodies to the bottom of the sea.
  • suitable anchor means or tethers extending for instance from each of the buoyancy bodies to the bottom of the sea.
  • Preferably one tether is extended from each of the buoyancy bodies, although in principle each buoyancy body could be provided with more tethers.
  • the tethers When no horizontal forces are acting on the foundation, the tethers extend substantially vertically from the buoyancy bodies, but in practice, due to wind loads on the rotor and the tower and other horizontal forces acting on the foundation, the tethers will extend at an angle to the vertical.
  • a basic characteristic of the foundation according to the present invention is thus that the torque exerted on the rotor from the wind load is counteracted by a pair of forces in the tethers. It is.important to note that the ratio between the total buoyancy and the overall weight of the construction should be such that the tether
  • FIG. 2 and 3 A presently preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in Figures 2 and 3 .
  • a wind turbine comprising a rotor 1 and a nacelle 2 is placed at the upper end of the tower 3.
  • the lower end of the tower 3 is connected to a node member 4, from which node member three leg sections 5 extend downwardly at an angle ⁇ relative to the vertical axis Z through the tower 3.
  • the three leg sections are distributed in the horizontal plane at identical angular intervals of 120 degrees.
  • One separate buoyancy body is connected to each of the leg sections.
  • the buoyancy bodies are shown as cylindrical bodies in this embodiment, it is understood that other suitable shapes of buoyancy bodies could also be used.
  • adjacent buoyancy bodies are connected to each other by a tension member 7, for instance in the form of a pre-tensioned wire.
  • each of the separate cylindrical buoyancy bodies have their longitudinal axis coincident with the longitudinal axis of the leg sections 5, but the present invention is not limited to this.
  • Each of the buoyancy bodies 6 are anchored to the bottom of the sea by means of suitable anchor chains or tethers 8, which due to the wind load on the rotor 1 and other parts of the structure in practice will extend downwardly at an angle ⁇ relative to the vertical.
  • suitable anchor chains or tethers 8 which due to the wind load on the rotor 1 and other parts of the structure in practice will extend downwardly at an angle ⁇ relative to the vertical.
  • the angle ⁇ relative to the vertical axis Z is substantially 45 degrees, which is optimal in the sense that forces exerted on the node member are relatively uniformly distributed, resulting in moderate stress concentrations in the node member.
  • the angle between the legs and the tower is 90 degrees, considerably larger stresses in the node member will occur under heavy wind loads on the rotor and tower.
  • Typical dimensions of a wind turbine with tension leg foundation can of course vary according to the specific circumstances, typical dimensions could be: A total height of the nacelle 2 above sea level 9 of approximately 70 meter, of which the tower 3 itself could account for 45 to 50 meters.
  • the node member 4 could be positioned approximately 20 to 25 meters above sea level 9, and the length of each of the leg sections 5 would - under the assumption that the angle ⁇ relative to the vertical axis Z is approximately equal to 45 degrees - be approximately 35 to 40 meters.
  • Typical volumes of each of the buoyancy bodies 6 including the conical transition members 10 would, in order to ascertain sufficient buoyancy to always keep the tethers under tension, be approximately 250 cubic meters, of course dependent on the overall weight of the total structure as mentioned above.
  • a typical weight of the node member 4 could be in the order of 30 tons.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une fondation flottante pour éoliennes, cette fondation comprenant essentiellement au moins trois corps flottants immergés reliés à l'extrémité inférieure de la tour de l'éolienne au niveau d'un noeud commun situé largement au-dessus de la surface de la mer. Ces corps flottants sont reliés à l'élément de noeud au moyen de sections de jambe relativement fines, ce qui permet de réduire la puissance de l'onde. L'application de la fondation selon l'invention permet de réduire les concentrations et les couples de contrainte, si bien qu'il devient possible d'appliquer un poids relativement léger et, donc, d'obtenir un élément de noeud bon marché. Le poids total de la construction est par conséquent réduit ainsi que le volume des corps flottants nécessaires pour équilibrer le poids total de la construction.

Claims (13)

  1. Une éolienne avec fondation flottante comprenant une tour (3) supportée sur une fondation comportant une structure flottante maintenue sur le site par des moyens d'ancrage (8) appropriés, caractérisée en ce que ladite structure flottante comprend au moins trois corps flottants (6) séparés connectés chacun à une extrémité inférieure de la tour (3) à un niveau sensiblement au-dessus du niveau de la mer (9) par une section de montant (5) séparée.
  2. Une éolienne avec fondation flottante selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que ladite connexion à l'extrémité inférieure de la tour (3) est effectuée par l'intermédiaire d'une partie nodale commune.
  3. Une éolienne avec fondation flottante selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que ladite partie nodale est un membre nodal (4) séparé.
  4. Une éolienne avec fondation flottante selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que lesdites sections de montant (5) sont de section transversale circulaire.
  5. Une éolienne avec fondation flottante selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisée en ce que ladite partie nodale est positionnée à une distance au-dessus de la surface de la mer d'au moins 30% de la hauteur totale de la tour au-dessus de la surface (9) de la mer.
  6. Une éolienne avec fondation flottante selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que lesdits corps flottants (6) sont cylindriques.
  7. Une éolienne avec fondation flottante selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que l'axe longitudinal des corps flottants (6) coïncide avec l'axe longitudinal de la section de montant correspondante (5).
  8. Une éolienne avec fondation flottante selon la revendication 6 ou 7, caractérisée en ce que les corps flottants (6) sont connectés aux sections de montant (5) correspondantes par l'intermédiaire d'un membre de transition (10) conique.
  9. Une éolienne avec fondation flottante selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que ladite connexion des membres flottants (4) séparés de la tour (3) est effectuée selon un angle (β) entre 40 et 50 degrés par rapport à l'axe vertical Z à travers la tour (3).
  10. Une éolienne avec fondation flottante selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que lesdites connexions des membres flottants (4) séparés de la tour (3) sont uniformément réparties dans le plan horizontal.
  11. Une éolienne avec fondation flottante selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que chacun des corps flottants séparés (6) sont pourvus de moyens d'ancrage (8) pour maintenir la fondation sur le site.
  12. Une éolienne avec fondation flottante selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que des corps flottants adjacents (6) sont interconnectés au moyen d'un membre de tension (7).
  13. Une éolienne avec fondation flottante selon la revendication 12, caractérisée en ce que lesdits membres de tension (7) sont des fils pré-tendus.
EP03814457A 2003-01-06 2003-01-06 Eolienne a fondation flottante Expired - Lifetime EP1583907B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/DK2003/000002 WO2004061302A2 (fr) 2003-01-06 2003-01-06 Eolienne a fondation flottante

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1583907A2 EP1583907A2 (fr) 2005-10-12
EP1583907B1 true EP1583907B1 (fr) 2012-08-01

Family

ID=32695524

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03814457A Expired - Lifetime EP1583907B1 (fr) 2003-01-06 2003-01-06 Eolienne a fondation flottante

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US7156586B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1583907B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4377337B2 (fr)
AU (1) AU2003201272A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004061302A2 (fr)

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US7156586B2 (en) 2007-01-02
US20060165493A1 (en) 2006-07-27
WO2004061302A3 (fr) 2004-08-26
JP2006513344A (ja) 2006-04-20
WO2004061302A2 (fr) 2004-07-22
AU2003201272A1 (en) 2004-07-29
EP1583907A2 (fr) 2005-10-12

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