Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
  • G03B35/00—Stereoscopic photography
  • G03B35/08—Stereoscopic photography by simultaneous recording
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
  • G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
  • G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
  • G02B30/27—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving lenticular arrays
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
  • G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
  • G02B30/34—Stereoscopes providing a stereoscopic pair of separated images corresponding to parallactically displaced views of the same object, e.g. 3D slide viewers
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
  • G03B35/00—Stereoscopic photography
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
  • G03B35/00—Stereoscopic photography
  • G03B35/18—Stereoscopic photography by simultaneous viewing

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a device for capturing three-dimensional image information of an object according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a device for reproducing three-dimensional image information of an object according to the preamble of claim 14. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for acquiring and reproducing three-dimensional image information of an object. In addition, the present invention relates to a microscope, a video device and a photo device for capturing and reproducing three-dimensional image information of an object.
• a device for capturing and a device for reproducing three-dimensional image information, a method for capturing and reproducing three-dimensional image information and a photo device for capturing and reproducing three-dimensional image information are known from Lippmann, G., J. de phys. Theor. Et. Appl. , 1908, t. 7, p. 821-825.
• the photographic device described in this reference is also known as
• Integral photography device known.
• light emanating from an object is imaged onto a photographic plate through a lens array with a multiplicity of lens elements.
• the lens elements are arranged, for example, comparatively close to each other on a square surface, so that the light emanating from the object passes through each of the lens elements at a slightly different angle.
• the photographic plate can be developed so that a photo can be pulled off.
• exactly the same array of lens elements can be positioned in front of this photo in such a way that the individual images of the object can be put together again by the array of lens elements for the viewer to form an entire image of the object.
• This picture is a three-dimensional picture.
• a device for capturing and a device for reproducing three-dimensional image information, a method for capturing and reproducing three-dimensional image information and a photo device for capturing and reproducing three-dimensional image information of the type mentioned at the outset are known from US Pat. No. 2,174,003 the mutually crossed arrays of cylindrical lenses form lens elements for imaging the object on detection means. Integral photographs can also be generated with the aid of these lens elements.
• a disadvantage of this device is the comparatively poor imaging of partial beams that have passed through edge regions of the lens means and the low contrast between partial beams of light that have passed through different lens elements.
• US Pat. Nos. 3,852,524 and 3,878,329 further develop the original Lippmann devices in such a way that photomultipliers are used as the detection means and cathode ray tubes are used as the display means.
• International patent application WO 94/09390 proposes CCD chips as the detection means and liquid crystal screens as the reproduction means.
• European patent application EP 0 520 179 A1 it is proposed to digitally prepare the three-dimensional image data, in particular to improve them with regard to the resolution by means of interpolations. This image data is then printed out in such a way that it can be viewed as a three-dimensional image with the aid of appropriate lens means.
• the problem on which the present invention is based is to provide a device for capturing and a device for reproducing image information of the type mentioned at the outset, which are constructed more effectively. Furthermore, a method for acquiring and reproducing image information of the type mentioned at the outset is to be specified which can be carried out more effectively. Furthermore, a microscope, a video device and a photo device for capturing and reproducing image information of the type mentioned at the outset are to be created which are effectively constructed.
• the curvature of the cylindrical lenses is formed stronger or weaker in the edge regions of the lens means than in a central region of the lens means. In particular when the curvature of the cylindrical lenses in the edge regions is formed to a greater extent, partial rays that come from the object to be detected and are incident on the detection means at a comparatively large angle in the edge region can be imaged more simply and completely.
• grooves extending parallel to the cylinder axes of the cylinder lenses are formed between individual cylinder lenses. These grooves can increase the contrast between light that has passed through different lens elements.
• cylindrical lenses have a spherical and / or an aspherical curvature.
• cylindrical lenses with at least partially aspherical curvature can avoid imaging errors.
• the lens means have a first array of cylindrical lenses and a second array of cylindrical lenses, the cylindrical lenses of the first array being aligned essentially perpendicular to the cylindrical lenses of the second array.
• Such arrays of mutually crossed cylindrical lenses can on the one hand be easily produced and, on the other hand, can be used with high effectiveness as arrays of imaging elements.
• the first array of cylindrical lenses is formed on an entry surface of the lens means that can be turned towards the object and that the second array of cylindrical lenses is formed on an exit surface of the lens means that can be turned away from the object.
• the Entry surface and the exit surface can be formed on a glass substrate or the like.
• two or more glass substrates or the like are arranged one behind the other, an array of cylindrical lenses being arranged on the entry surface of one of the glass substrates or the like and an array crossed to the first surface of another of the glass substrates or the like Cylinder lenses is formed.
• each of the lens elements prefferably be formed by a cylindrical lens on the entry surface and a cylindrical lens on the exit surface. With such a design, the lens elements can be comparatively easily created.
• the distance between the detection means and the lens means approximately corresponds to the focal length of the lens elements. In this way, a good image is obtained for an object that is comparatively far from the lens means.
• the distance between the detection means and the lens means can be changed.
• the change in the distance between the lens means and the detection means can influence the imaging of the object on the detection means.
• the detection means can comprise a part of a printing device on which changes can be achieved by impinging image information such that a targeted toner application is made possible in accordance with the image information.
• image information such that a targeted toner application is made possible in accordance with the image information.
• Printing roller or the like is specifically changed by the image information in such a way that a printout designed in accordance with the image information can be produced.
• the detection means comprise at least one digital and / or electronically readable sensor element, in particular at least one CCD chip or an array of CCD chips.
• a CCD chip serving as a sensor element, the image information of the light that has passed through the imaging means can be easily acquired and output or further processed.
• the at least one CCD chip or each of the CCD chips can detect the light imaged by an imaging element or by a group of imaging elements.
• the light which has passed through this imaging element could be detected with a comparatively high number of pixels and thus with a high resolution.
• the detection means can advantageously detect the light imaged by one of the lens elements separately from the light that is imaged by another of the lens elements. In this way, the image information corresponding to the light that has passed through one of the lens elements can be acquired and processed separately from the image information that corresponds to the light correspond that has passed through another of the lens elements.
• the device comprises reading means and / or processing means which can read and / or process the image information of the object captured by the detection means.
• the three-dimensional image information is information about static images, for example in the form of photo information, or else image information about moving images, for example in the form of video information.
• the device according to the invention for reproducing three-dimensional image information of an object is characterized in that the reproduction means can reproduce image information that has been acquired with a device according to the invention for capturing three-dimensional image information.
• the above-mentioned three-dimensional photos or the above-mentioned three-dimensional videos can therefore be reproduced with the device according to the invention for reproducing three-dimensional image information.
• the lens means can be designed like the lens means of the device for capturing image information according to the present invention.
• the lens means used in the acquisition of the image information can also be arranged in front of the playback means in order to enable three-dimensional reproduction of the captured image information.
• the lens means are designed as two crossed cylindrical lens arrays, these arrays of crossed cylindrical lenses can also be arranged in front of the reproduction means in order to enable the viewing of a three-dimensional photo or a three-dimensional video.
• the lens means correspond to the lens means of the device for capturing image information according to the present invention, but are enlarged or reduced compared to them.
• the reproduction means can be designed as passive reproduction means, in particular as a printout or the like.
• An expression is certainly a very easy to implement form of the reproduction means.
• an expression can also be scaled without problems, for example doubled or tripled in size. Depending on the size of the printout, only appropriately enlarged or reduced imaging means have to be selected.
• the display means are designed as active display means, in particular as a screen or display in the form of a cathode ray screen or a liquid crystal screen or as an optical image output device, for example as a projector or laser television or the like.
• active display means in particular as a screen or display in the form of a cathode ray screen or a liquid crystal screen or as an optical image output device, for example as a projector or laser television or the like.
• lens means designed as an array of crossed cylindrical lenses in front of one Position liquid crystal screen so that the image information of the detected object can be output three-dimensionally by such an arrangement.
• the device for reproduction can also be designed such that the image information can be information about static images, for example in the form of photo information, or else information about moving images, for example in the form of video information.
• the image information can be information about static images, for example in the form of photo information, or else information about moving images, for example in the form of video information.
• the inventive method according to claim 20 provides that three-dimensional image information of an object is acquired by means of an inventive device for acquiring three-dimensional image information, and that the acquired three-dimensional image information is reproduced by using an inventive apparatus for reproducing three-dimensional image information.
• a microscope according to the invention according to claim 22 is characterized in that the image information can be recorded with a device according to the invention for capturing three-dimensional image information and can be reproduced with a device according to the invention for reproducing three-dimensional image information. It is particularly useful here to observe biological objects three-dimensionally with the microscope according to the invention.
• the viewer could view the object to be examined three-dimensionally on display means designed as a liquid crystal screen, on which corresponding lens means are arranged.
• display means designed as a liquid crystal screen, on which corresponding lens means are arranged.
• Such a three-dimensionally viewed object is much easier to manipulate than a two-dimensionally viewed object.
• the video device according to the invention according to claim 23 is characterized in that the image information can be recorded with an inventive device for capturing three-dimensional image information and can be reproduced with an inventive device for reproducing three-dimensional image information.
• the photo device according to the invention according to claim 24 is characterized in that the image information can be recorded with an inventive device for capturing three-dimensional image information and can be reproduced with an inventive device for reproducing three-dimensional image information.
• FIG. 1 a shows a side view of a device according to the invention for capturing image information of an object
• Fig. 1 b is a view according to the arrow I b in Fig. 1 a;
• Fig. 2 is a view according to the arrow I I in Fig. 1 a;
• Fig. 3 is a view according to the arrow I M in Fig. 1 a;
• FIG. 4a shows a side view of a device according to the invention for reproducing image information of an object
• Fig. 4b is a view according to the arrow IV b in Fig. 4a;
• 5a shows a side view of lens means of a device according to the invention for capturing or reproducing image information
• FIG. 5b shows a side view of the lens means according to FIG. 5a rotated by 90 °;
• Fig. 6a is a side view of another lens means
• Embodiment of a device according to the invention for capturing or reproducing image information 6b shows a side view of the device according to FIG. 6a rotated by 90 °.
• 1 a and 1 b show an object 1, which is shown schematically as an arrow.
• Object 1 can be a self-illuminating object or an object illuminated by external light sources.
• 1 a and 1 b show individual partial beams 2, 3 of the light emanating from the object, which emanate from different ends of the object 1.
• the device according to the invention for capturing image information of the object comprises lens means 4 and capturing means 5 serving as imaging means.
• the lens means 4 have both on their entry surface 6 and on their exit surface 7, that is to say both on their side facing object 1 and on an array of in particular convex cylindrical lenses 8, 9 on its side facing away from the object.
• the cylindrical lenses 8 on the entry surface 6 have a cylinder axis in the X direction and the cylindrical lenses 9 on the exit surface 7 have a cylinder axis in the X direction.
• the cylindrical lenses 8, 9 are thus arranged perpendicular to one another and represent crossed cylindrical lenses 8, 9.
• lens elements 10 serving as imaging elements are formed, each having a cylindrical lens portion on the entrance surface 6 and comprise a cylindrical lens portion on the exit surface 7.
• These lens elements 10 can be clearly seen once again from the front view of the entry surface according to FIG. 2.
• the lens means 4 can be extended both in the X and Y directions than shown in FIGS. 1 a, 1 b and 2, in particular the lens means 4 can comprise significantly more lens elements 10 than shown.
• Grooves 11 are formed between the cylindrical lenses 8 on the entry surface 6.
• Grooves 12 are formed between the cylindrical lenses 9 on the exit surface 7. Partial beams from the object 1 impinging on these grooves 11, 12 either do not pass through the lens means 4 in the direction of the detection means 5 or are deflected in an uncontrolled manner in such a way that they cannot be picked up by the detection means 5 or cannot be targeted.
• the grooves 1 1, 12 thus increase the contrast between light that has passed through different lens elements 10.
• the cylindrical lenses 8, 9 can have a spherical curvature.
• the cylindrical lenses 8, 9 are designed as cylindrical lens-like lenses with an aspherical curvature.
• a parabolic, elliptical, hyperbolic, sinusoidal or polynomial curvature of a higher order could be selected.
• the cylindrical lenses 8, 9, which are arranged in the edge regions of the entry surface 6 or the exit surface 7, have a stronger or weaker curvature than the cylindrical lenses 8, 9 in the central or middle region of the entry surface 6 or the exit surface 7.
• the rays passing through the lens elements 10 of the lens means 4 arranged further outside are deliberately deflected more or less.
• the The distance of the detection means 5 from the lens means 4 can be changed in order to take into account the distance of the object 1 from the lens means 4. In particular, if the distance from the detection means 5 to the lens means 4 corresponds approximately to the focal length of the individual lens elements 10, a more or less good image of the object 1 on the detection means 5 can be ensured by the lens means 4.
• the detection means 5 can be designed, for example, as an array of CCD chips 13, as is indicated schematically in FIG. 3. There is, for example, the possibility of assigning a plurality of lens elements 10, in particular for example 20 to 70, in particular 48, to a CCD chip 13. Alternatively, there is the possibility of assigning more than the aforementioned number of lens elements 10 to a CCD chip 13. For example, the entire detection means 5 could also consist of a single large CCD chip. Alternatively, there would also be the possibility to assign each of the lens elements 10 to a CCD chip 13 or even to assign more than one CCD chip 13 to each of the lens elements 10.
• detection means 5 instead of a CCD chip 13 or an array of CCD chips 13.
• Other possibilities for detection means are parts of a printing device, such as a printing roller or the like, on which the image information corresponding to object 1 trigger changes such that a targeted toner application can take place in accordance with the image information.
• the device according to the invention for capturing image information can furthermore comprise reading means for reading out data from the capturing means.
• these readout means can be coupled to processing means.
• a computer can be used here, into which the image data are read in from the detection means 5, which are designed, for example, as an array of CCD chips 13. This data can be processed digitally accordingly.
• the device for reproducing image information shown in FIGS. 4a and 4b essentially comprises display means 14 and lens means 15 serving as imaging means, which are arranged between the display means 14 and the schematically drawn eye 16 of the viewer. In this way it is ensured that light emanating from the reproduction means 14 through the Lens means 15 falls on the viewer's eye 16.
• the lens means 15 can correspond exactly to the lens means 4.
• the lens means 15 are larger or smaller than the lens means 4 by a predeterminable factor, depending on whether the reproduction means 14 reproduce the image information recorded by the detection means 5 in the same size, enlarged or reduced.
• a detailed illustration of the lens means 1 5 corresponding to FIG. 2 is omitted here because, in particular with the same size of the lens means 4 and the lens means 15, these are also constructed exactly the same according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
• a printout of the image information can, for example, be used as the reproduction means 14. This printout would then have to be suitably illuminated to enable the viewer to see the picture.
• a display for example a liquid crystal display, could also be used as the display means 14. Under certain circumstances, the lens means 15 could be applied directly to the liquid crystal screen or the liquid crystal display.
• optical image output devices such as projectors or laser television or the like as display means 14.
• a three-dimensional image of the object 1 is made available to the viewer by the devices according to the invention for recording and reproducing image information.
• Object 1 can be a static object from which a three-dimensional photo is created. However, it does exist there is also the possibility that the object 1 is a moving object, so that moving images of the object are recorded. In this way, the inventive device for capturing and reproducing image information can output three-dimensional video images.
• a device according to the invention for capturing and reproducing image information could be part of a microscope, the viewer being able to view the object to be examined three-dimensionally, for example on a display means designed as an LCD display on which corresponding lens means are arranged.
• a display means designed as an LCD display on which corresponding lens means are arranged.
• 5a and 5b show lens means 17 which have cylindrical lenses 18a, 18b on their entry surface and cylindrical lenses 19a, 19b on their exit surface.
• the cylinder axes of the cylindrical lenses 18a, 18b on the entry side are perpendicular to the Cylinder axes of the cylindrical lenses 19a, 19b are arranged on the exit side.
• 5a and 5b show in particular that the cylindrical lenses 18a, 19a have a weaker curvature in the edge regions of the lens means 17 than the cylindrical lenses 18b, 19b in the center of the lens means 17.
• FIGS. 5a and 5b corresponding to FIGS. 5a and 5b, are lens means 20 with mutually perpendicular cylindrical lenses 21a, 21b; 22a, 22b on the entry and exit surfaces.
• the cylindrical lenses 21 a, 22 a have a greater curvature in the edge regions of the lens means 20 than the cylindrical lenses 21 b, 22 b in the center of the lens means 20.
• Object 3 partial beams of light from the object, 1 7.20 lens means detection means entry surface exit surface, 9 cylindrical lenses 0 lens elements 1, 12 grooves 3 CCD chip 4 display means 5 lens means 6 eye of the viewer 8a, 18b, 19a, 19b cylindrical lenses 1 a, 21 b, 22a, 22b cylindrical lenses

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Optics & Photonics (AREA)
• Stereoscopic And Panoramic Photography (AREA)
• Image Input (AREA)
• Testing, Inspecting, Measuring Of Stereoscopic Televisions And Televisions (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

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• 2003
  • 2003-12-11 WO PCT/EP2003/014093 patent/WO2004055591A2/de active Application Filing
  • 2003-12-11 JP JP2005502433A patent/JP2006510953A/ja active Pending
  • 2003-12-11 AU AU2003293847A patent/AU2003293847A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2003-12-11 US US10/538,729 patent/US20060082880A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2003-12-11 EP EP03789231A patent/EP1573393A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2003-12-11 KR KR1020057010746A patent/KR20050084275A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation

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