EP1571136B1 - Process for the production of a high-viscosity emulsion explosive and process for transferring it - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a process for producing a high-viscosity emulsion explosive and to a process for introducing this high-viscosity emulsion explosive into cavities, in particular boreholes. In particular, the invention relates to a method for loading boreholes with the high-viscosity emulsion explosive according to the invention above and below ground and for loose use in a density range of 0.5 to 1.3 kg / l.

In US-A-5524523 For example, a method for loading a liquid explosive into a well and a lance suitable for use in this process are described.

In GB-A-2 204 343 For example, a method and apparatus for loading a liquid bulk explosive into a well is described.

In US-A-5841055 An apparatus for controlled refining of an emulsion explosive composition is shown.

In WO 99/14554 For example, a method of loading and sensitizing an aqueous explosive into a bore or cartridge is described.

US-A-5972137 discloses a process for sensitizing a water-in-oil type base emulsion and a sensitized emulsion explosive having a water-in-type emulsion when prepared by the process.

In US-A-4273147 For example, there is provided a method and apparatus for placing emulsion explosive compositions that reduce the amount of work that must be expended to pump the emulsion explosive through a conduit and to a detonation site.

In US-A-5322576 For example, there is provided a method for increasing the viscosity and strength against high shear forces crystallization of a pumpable emulsion explosive.

In EP-A-1126234 For example, US-A-5,437,542 discloses a system and method for delivering emulsion explosive compositions into a well by an oversized membrane pump that provides a relatively constant flow rate for the pumped emulsion composition by minimizing flow pulsations.

Emulsion explosives belong to the explosive-free, water-containing nitrate explosives. It is based on a water-in-oil emulsion, which is produced by emulsifying a highly concentrated nitrate salt solution with mineral oil. The salt solution is broken down into very finely distributed droplets - of the order of magnitude of about 10 ^-6 m diameter - and surrounded by an even thinner oil film of about 10 ^-8 m thickness. This fine emulsion matrix is the essential prerequisite for the special properties of emulsion explosives. Despite the extremely intimate contact sensitization by in the emulsion matrix finely distributed gas bubbles as reaction centers for the introduction and forwarding of a detonative reaction is required. Emulsion explosives are sensitized either by the introduction of hollow microspheres or by chemically formed gas bubbles (chemical gassing) by a so-called gasing agent.

The emulsion explosive is sensitized only after the sensitization, ie the formation of the gas hollow body within the emulsion matrix and thus detonationsfähig. It finds application especially in the overground mining of rock in quarries. For this purpose, the emulsion explosive can be mixed either locally or the matrix can be premixed in a stationary manner and only applied on site Gas bubbles are sensitized and filled by charging hose in prefabricated holes. When entering the borehole, the gasing agent is added and thereby the gas bubble formation takes place within the emulsion matrix, ie the sensitization of the explosive, during pumping or in the borehole. The mixing charger used for this purpose can safely transport the individual non-sensitized components to the blasting site, as there is no detonatable mixture at this moment.

Due to the liquid pulpy consistency of the emulsion explosive it can be very well filled in above-ground applications in the mostly more or less inclined down into the mountains drilled holes from the top. However, when drilling holes that are drilled horizontally or obliquely upwards, there is a risk that this emulsion explosive tends to flow out of the borehole due to gravity and quasi-liquid consistency. For this reason, especially under-ground cartridges are used, as there is often the requirement that holes are drilled horizontally or from bottom to top and then have to be filled.

The liquid-pulpy consistency of most emulsion explosives, when sensitized by chemical gas bubble formation, allows only a limited reduction in density to about 1.1 kg / l, because in this consistency, the non-trapped gas bubbles can coagulate or escape from the matrix. As the sensitivity of emulsion explosives increases with decreasing density, this is the major reason why emulsion pulps with liquid pulp consistency and chemical sensitization are often insufficiently detonatable or even capsule sensitive for small diameters of 40 mm and less.

Moreover, the conventional emulsion explosives often have the problem of the critical diameter underground. This is even with cartridges emulsion explosives due to a gerigen density of about 1.1 +/- 0.1 kg / l at about 25 mm. For pumpable emulsions, the critical diameter is usually 40 mm or more. Underground, however, are used blasting holes with mostly smaller diameter. Moreover, in particular pumpable emulsion explosives of the conventional type are not always sensitive to capsules after sensitization, so that boosters are used.

The object of the present invention was therefore to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and in particular to provide a process for producing an emulsion explosive of high viscosity. The emulsion explosive thus prepared also meets the requirements for underground use in terms of critical diameter, ignition sensitivity and consistency. Another object of the invention was to provide a method for bringing this explosive into boreholes, in particular obliquely upwardly extending boreholes. A further object of the present invention was to provide a device with which this emulsion explosive according to the invention can be produced and / or brought into boreholes.

The object of the present invention is achieved by a method for the handling-safe production of highly viscous emulsion explosive (1) by means of the gasification process, comprising the steps: preparing a high viscosity emulsion matrix (10) conveying the high viscosity emulsion matrix (10) through a conveyor system (30) Use of a lubrication medium (15), wherein the lubrication medium (15) has a gas agent (16); Mixing the high viscosity emulsion matrix (10) with the lubrication medium (15) at the end of the conveyor system (30) or loading tube; Post-emulsifying the discharged mixture of high viscosity emulsion matrix (10) and Lubrifikationsmedium (15) to the high viscosity emulsion explosive (1).

Emulsion explosives produced by the gas method are produced according to the invention from an emulsion matrix of high viscosity, and the mixture with a gasing agent. By mixing the emulsion matrix with the gasing agent, the required gas bubbles are introduced into the emulsion matrix, with which it is then sensitized.

The high viscosity emulsion matrix is preferably made from an emulsifier, an oil phase and an oxidizer phase. The emulsifier is preferably chosen so that the finished emulsion matrix has a low tendency to post-emulsification at low shear stress and post-emulsified at higher shear stress.

In the case of the emulsion matrix of high viscosity, all oxygen-releasing salts are preferably present in the remaining solution. Typically, the amount of water used in the compositions is between 1 and 30 weight percent. Preferably, the amount used is between 10 and 25 percent by weight, more preferably between 10 and 15 percent by weight based on the emulsion phase. The continuously water-immiscible organic phase (oil phase) of the water-in-oil emulsion contains between 2 and 15 percent by weight, preferably between 4 and 8 percent by weight based on the emulsion phase.

The emulsifier component of the high viscosity emulsion matrix composition preferably contains between 0.5 and 5 weight percent of the emulsion phase. The emulsifier component preferably consists of a PIBSA-type emulsifier and a sorbitan ester in any mixing ratio. It is also possible to use a pure PIBSA emulsifier. The mass fraction of the emulsifier is preferably chosen so that, on the one hand, the highest possible stability reserve is achieved and, on the other hand, the subsequent emulsification, which is accompanied by an increase in viscosity of the emulsion, can be purposefully influenced. As an emulsifier, a mixture (blend) consisting of pure emulsifier (active phase) and oil can be used.

Particularly preferred in the emulsion matrix of high viscosity when using an emulsifier of two emulsifier already a first, already activated in the emulsion matrix of the emulsifier phase of the emulsifier and a further excess of not yet activated emulsifiers, which only in the step of Nachemulgierens the discharged mixture of Emulsion emulsion of high viscosity and Lubrifikationsmedium post-emulsified to high viscosity emulsion explosive.

The Oxidizerphase is preferably selected so that the oxygen balance of the high-viscosity emulsion explosive at 0 to + 2.5%, preferably at + 0.5 to 1.5%. The excess of oxygen due to the inorganic phase of the product allows the addition of other high-energy components, such as metal powder, preferably Al, Mg, graphite, carbon black, carbon, etc. or a mixture of these components, in Concentrations of preferably up to 2%. As a result, the energy content and other thermodynamic data of the high-viscosity emulsion explosive can be optimized for different applications.

By the use of a lubrication medium in the promotion of the emulsion matrix of high viscosity by the conveyor system, a particularly gentle promotion of the not yet sensitized emulsion matrix of high viscosity is made possible by the conveyor system. Due to the set, laminar flow profile within the conveyor system and the special supply of Lubrifikationsmediums with the gasing agent contained therein preferably in the form of a concentric, surrounding the emulsion sliding film, no pre-mixing of emulsion matrix high viscosity and lubrication medium or gasing agent instead, so that sensitization of the high viscosity emulsion matrix within the technical (delivery) system is excluded. The component emulsion matrix and surrounding lubrication film present in the system do not form a sensitized explosive which would detonate. This innovation in the safety concept according to the method of avoiding the formation of explosives in all subsections of the technical (conveying) system was therefore not possible in the prior art emulsion explosives of the prior art, since the emulsion matrix already mixes with the gasing agent within the delivery system This has led to a (partial) and gradual sensitization of the matrix or to the formation of a detonable explosive during pumping through the charging hose. Surprisingly, it has been found in the present invention that the mixing of an emulsion matrix of high viscosity and a corresponding promotion does not take place in the delivery system, even though the lubrication medium already comprises the gasing agent.

Only at the end of the conveyor system is the emulsion matrix of high viscosity mixed with the surrounding lubrication medium and thus with the gasing agent. This is only at the end of the conveyor system, d. H. sensitized at the exit of the explosive from the tube system, the emulsion matrix and thus made detonationsfähiger explosive.

After mixing of the emulsion matrix with the lubrication medium or the gasing agent, preferably in a static mixer, there is a Nachemulgierung the discharged mixture of emulsion matrix and Lubrifikationsmedium and thus to produce the high-viscosity emulsion explosive according to the present invention. As a result, once again there is a decisive increase in the viscosity of the emulsion explosive during or after the sensitization.

In this way, an emulsion explosive or a process for its preparation has been provided, which can now also be loaded against gravity into a borehole which was drilled obliquely or even vertically upwards due to the high-viscosity property. Due to the high viscosity of the explosive produced in the manner described flows this no longer from the borehole but there remains against gravity.

In a further preferred method of the present invention, when conveying the high-viscosity emulsion matrix (10) between this and the lubrication medium (15), no turbulent, but largely laminar flow is maintained, in particular a laminar flow having a Reynolds number of less than 2300, preferably less than 2,000, more preferably less than 1,500.

By choosing the high viscosity emulsion matrix, a laminar flow can now be maintained within the delivery system between it and the lubrication medium. A laminar flow in this sense means that, in particular, no shear forces occur between the lubrication medium and the emulsion matrix and thus also no mixing. There is thus no turbulence or mixing. In this way, it is possible to transport the gasing agent until the emulsion matrix is mixed at the end of the delivery system, without any mixing or reaction of the gasing agent with the emulsion matrix taking place beforehand. Since the Gassing Agent is mixed in the lubricant or Lubrifikationsmedium only at the end of the tube with the matrix, the final composition, in particular the desired final viscosity of the explosive only after the static mixer, ie after the components have escaped from the hose.

In the further preferred method of the present invention, the emulsion matrix (10) has a viscosity of more than 60,000 mPas, preferably more than 80,000 mPas, more preferably more than 100,000 mPas.

The viscosity of a conventional emulsion matrix is up to 50,000 mPas (measured by the method Brookfield, spindle 7, 10 rpm, 20 ° C). The emulsion matrix prepared by the process according to the invention now has a much higher viscosity. This has been avoided in the prior art so far, because it could no longer be effectively represented mixing with the gasing agent. Surprisingly, it has been found according to the invention that, even with an emulsion matrix having a much higher viscosity, particularly preferably more than 100,000 mPas, mixing with the gasing agent can very well lead to the required mixing and subsequent emulsification or sensitization of the end product. For this reason, contrary to the prejudices of the prior art, an emulsion matrix of high viscosity was chosen according to the invention.

Due to the high viscosity of the emulsion matrix, the laminar flow can thus be very well maintained when conveying the emulsion matrix together with the lubrication medium containing the gasing agents within the delivery system.

In a further preferred method of the present invention, the emulsifier consists of at least two emulsifier components which are different Emulsify shear stress. The emulsifier present in the emulsion matrix of high viscosity has already been activated for the preparation of this matrix, ie partially emulsified to produce the matrix. As a result, the emulsion matrix is first given this viscosity. Preferably, in this premixed emulsion matrix of high viscosity, a second phase of emulsifier (an emulsifier excess) before nachemulgiert only after application of the emulsion matrix by mixing at the end and so gives the emulsion matrix of high density by activation of this second phase in the emulsifier a significantly higher viscosity , The final explosive then has a viscosity above 200,000 mPas, preferably 250,000 to 350,000 mPas and higher. The emulsion matrix of high viscosity has a viscosity of more than 60,000 mPas, preferably more than 80,000 mPas, particularly preferably more than 100,000 mPas. By using an emulsifier of at least two components, it is thus possible to produce the emulsion matrix itself in a high viscosity range, and then again increase their viscosity when mixed to form the final emulsion explosive.

In another preferred method of the present invention, the lubrication medium (15) comprises a mixture of water and gasing agent (16).

Due to the fact that the lubrication medium also contains water in addition to the gasing agent, the lubricating properties of the lubrication medium can be improved.

In another preferred method of the present invention, a high viscosity emulsion explosive is obtained having a density of at least 0.5 kg / l to 1.2 kg / l, preferably 0.9 kg / l.

By the described manufacturing method, it is possible to adjust the density of the emulsion explosive obtained by the choice of various parameters. In particular, besides the composition of the emulsion matrix, the manner of mixing at the end may contribute to a change in density. By a particularly intensive mixing, it is thus possible to produce low densities. Particular preference is given to setting densities of from 0.6 to 1.5 kg / l, particularly preferably from 0.8 to 1.15 kg / l.

While the viscosity of the emulsion explosive obtained is determined mainly by the shear forces, the prevailing temperature and the sustained pressure, the density is determined by the composition of the emulsion matrix (proportion of SN (sodium nitrate) in the solution), temperature and pressure, and the extent of Gas bubble formation determined.

In a particularly preferred method of the present invention, the conveyor system (30) for conveying the emulsion matrix (10) as conveying means (32) comprises a Progressive cavity pump.

The more gentle the delivery of the emulsion matrix in the delivery system using the lubricant medium, the more reliable the laminar flow between matrix and lubricant can be maintained. Particularly advantageously, the laminar flow is ensured by the high viscosity of the emulsion matrix associated with moderate flow rates. These parameters lead to the smallest Reynolds number and thus to the formation of laminar flow. The (mechanically) gentle delivery is thereby promoted essentially by the pump and injector technology, but also the static mixing elements in comparison to theoretically conceivable dynamic mixers. It has preferably been found according to the invention that a particularly gentle conveying process can be carried out using progressing cavity pumps. An eccentric screw is in particular a positive displacement pump of simple design. It works without valves and has only two conveying elements, the rotating eccentric screw and the static housing insert. The metallic rotor rotates eccentrically in a stator made of elastic material. The medium is continuously, d. H. almost pulsation-free, conveyed in the axial direction. The flow rate is approximately proportional to the speed.

In another preferred method of the present invention, the conveyor system (30) for conveying the emulsion matrix (10) comprises a conveyor line (34) having an inside diameter of less than 25 mm, preferably less than 22 mm, more preferably less than 19 mm.

By choosing the inner diameter of less than 25 mm, the safety of the manufacturing process is increased again, since by a correspondingly small choice of the inner diameter of the diameter is exceeded, in which even the finished sensitized explosives could durchdetonieren. Now, if a correspondingly small inner diameter is used in the conveyor system, not even theoretically a sensitized explosive in these dimensions can come to detonation.

In the further preferred method of the present invention, the emulsion matrix (10) and the lubrication medium (15) are mixed by means of a static mixer (35) to the high-viscosity emulsion explosive (1).

By using a static mixer, more preferably by a series of preferably different static mixers, the emulsion matrix and the lubrication medium are mixed together, so that it comes to the optimal gasification as well as preferably for subsequent emulsification of the explosive. Heretofore, it has been believed in the art that the use of a static mixer would not be sufficient to produce adequate adequate mixing between the gasing agent and the emulsion matrix. It is particularly preferred to use several static mixers in succession, depending on the application.

Particularly preferably, the static mixer (35) is provided in the mouthpiece at the end of a delivery line (34.4) of the delivery system (32).

In the formation of the static mixer in the mouthpiece at the end of the delivery line, it is possible to use different mouthpieces alternately to make an adjustment in particular the viscosity of the emulsion explosive to the particular application. Preferably, the free cross sections or the length of the integrated mixing section can be varied in order to influence the flow rate, mixing quality and final viscosity of the emulsion. Preferably, the geometry of the mouthpiece is varied to adjust a directional beam, a side stream, etc. and always to ensure optimal filling of the holes. At the same time different recording systems for detonators or boosters of various kinds within the mouthpiece can be realized, so that together with the emulsion explosive equal matching ignition means for initiation can be safely introduced into the wellbore deepest. Preferably, the mouthpieces are designed so that an exchange within a very short time is possible by means of a quick-change system.

The object of the invention is also achieved by a method for introducing a high-viscosity emulsion explosive (1) into a cavity (5), in particular a borehole, comprising the steps of conveying a non-sensitized high viscosity emulsion matrix (10) through a conduit system (33), injecting a lubrication medium (15) into the conduit system, the lubrication medium (15) containing a gas entraining agent (16) and between the emulsion matrix and the inner wall of the line system forms a lubricating film, mixing the emulsion matrix (10) with the gas agent (16) at the transition from the line system into the cavity to be filled (5).

By this method according to the invention for bringing a high-viscosity emulsion explosive, it is possible to spend the emulsion explosive in a cavity, in particular a well without ready mixed explosives before the discharge of the explosive into the well. The high-viscosity emulsion explosive is only after the exit from the conveyor system , d. H. formed at the end of the hose. Particularly preferably, the conduit system, in particular a hose, is introduced into the borehole and slowly withdrawn during the filling process in accordance with the fill level of the borehole or pushed out by the recoil. In this way, the well can be optimally filled with high-viscosity emulsion explosive, even if the well is oriented obliquely upwards.

In a further preferred method for introducing a high-viscosity emulsion explosive according to the present invention, the lubricating film is formed so as not to mix the lubricating medium (15) containing the gas agent (16) with the emulsion matrix (10) within the conduit system (10). 33) comes.

An emulsion explosive is produced by the process according to the invention.

The emulsion explosive thus obtained is characterized in particular by the fact that it has a viscosity of more than 200,000 mPas, preferably more than 250,000 mPas, more preferably more than 300,000 mPas and thus has an extremely high viscosity. This high viscosity allows the explosive to remain in the cavities once pumped there also and not to drain like the conventional pumped explosives against gravity again. Since the high viscosity achieved can preferably also be combined with a correspondingly low density according to the invention, the explosive thus obtained is ideally suited for use underground or in tunneling.

In the process according to the invention for the production of a highly viscous emulsion explosive and for the introduction of this highly viscous emulsion explosive, a delivery system is used. Preferably, this high viscosity emulsion based explosive delivery system (30) comprises a conduit system (33) having an emulsion matrix supply and a lubrification media supply, wherein the lubrification media supply is connected to the emulsion matrix supply via an injector (36) and at or near the end of the conveyor system (30) a static mixer (35) is provided.

Particularly preferably, in the conveyor system, a supply for gasing agent is connected via the injector. In this way, the gasing agent can be introduced into the conduit system and form a lubricating film around the emulsion matrix to be conveyed together with the lubrication medium.

Particularly preferably, the supply for the lubrication medium and the supply for the gasing agent is at least partially identical, most preferably identical.

Fig. 1

zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines Fördersystems bzw. Mischgeräts geeignet für die Verwendung in der vorliegenden Erfindung und

Fig. 2

zeigt eine schematische Darstellung des Ausschnitts des Fördersystems im Bereich des Endes der Förderleitung.

The invention will be explained by way of example with reference to the following figures. Here, in the figures:

Fig. 1

shows a schematic representation of a conveyor system or mixer suitable for use in the present invention and

Fig. 2

shows a schematic representation of the section of the conveyor system in the region of the end of the delivery line.

In Fig. 1 There is shown schematically a conveyor system or mixer 30 suitable for use in the present invention. The conveyor system 30 consists of containers for holding mixed loading components namely the emulsion matrix EM10, the lubrication medium LM15 and optionally a component for adjusting the pH. The storage container of the emulsion matrix EM10 is connected to the conveying means or the pump 32 via a first conveying line 34.1. Optionally, a means for adjusting the pH within the emulsion matrix EM10 may also be connected to the pump 32 via a delivery line 34.1 '(shown in phantom). Via a delivery line 34.2, the pump 32 is then connected to an injector 39. On this injector 39 and the stored Lubrifikationsmedium LM15 is connected via a feed line 34.3. The injector 39 is then connected via a delivery line 34.4, in particular a hose 34.4 with a static mixer 35.

Emulsion matrix 10 is now fed to pump 32 via delivery line 34. The pump 32 is preferably an eccentric screw pump. Optionally, if not already done before, the pH of the emulsion matrix 10 can be adjusted. This is done by adding a pH-regulating component such as acetic or citric acid or another acid suitable for lowering the pH of the emulsion matrix. The thus modified emulsion matrix EM10 is conveyed by the pump 32 via the delivery line 34.2 to the injector 39. At this moment there is an unsensitized emulsion matrix EM10 with set pH value. Via the injector 39 is now injected from the reservoir LM15 Lubrifikationsmedium via the feed 34.3 in the flow of the emulsion matrix EM10. The LM15 Lubrication Medium contains the gasing agent required to sensitize the explosive. By injecting the lubrication medium via the injector 39, a concentric, the emulsion matrix surrounding lubricating film is formed consisting of the Lubrifikationsmedium LM15, which then surrounds the feed line 34.4, the emulsion matrix without mixing a high viscosity emulsion matrix 10 and lubrication medium or gasing agent 15th takes place. In this way, sensitization of the explosive in the delivery line 34.4 is prevented. In the mixer 35, the hitherto present as an annular companion film portion of Lubrifikationsmedium with the gasing agent is then mixed with the emulsion matrix EM10, so that emerges behind the mixer 35 highly viscous emulsion explosive ES1. By using the mixer 35, a subsequent emulsification of the emulsifier remaining as an excess in the emulsion matrix is effected so that the viscosity of the emulsifier is again increased by up to 100% and more. The then present emulsion explosive ES1 is highly viscous at low density, which is adjustable by the nature of the mixing and the sensitization by the gasing agent at selected temperature and pressure.

By this arrangement of a mixer, a conveyor system 30 has been provided which does not comprise any sensitized explosive until the mixture from the static mixer 35 leaves. Even when the conveyor system is switched off, no sensitized explosive forms even in the supply line 34.4. In this way, a particularly safe mixing apparatus or conveyor system 30 has been provided.

In Fig. 2 is again in detail an embodiment of the route behind the injector 39 (not shown) shown. In the feed line 34.4, the emulsion matrix 10 of the lubrication medium 15, which includes the gasing agent, is enclosed in a ring. In the cross-sectional view in the Fig. 2 This is shown by the black color in the edge region of the supply line 34.4. The exemplary static mixer 35 consists of two sections 35.1 and 35.2. While in Section 35.1 a slight premixing is provided by a corresponding geometry in the edge region of the hose, in section 35.2 by means of corresponding channel systems a mixing of the emulsion matrix 10 with the lubrication medium 15 is made possible.

The emulsion matrix 10 surrounding by the lubrication medium 15 is conveyed via the supply line 34.4 into the static mixer section 35.1, where premixing of the lubrification medium 15 with the emulsion matrix 10 takes place. In the mixer section 35.2, shearing forces then occur on this premix, which causes intensive mixing of the two components. On the one hand this happens Sensitization of the explosive by mixing the emulsion matrix with the gasing agent and simultaneously to a subsequent emulsification of the emulsion matrix with activation of the second phase of the emulsifier, which is still unconsumed, ie not activated, present in the emulsion matrix. By using this emulsifier excess in the emulsion matrix, a post-emulsification can be carried out in this way, which leads to an increased viscosity of the emulsion explosive 1 produced in the end. This is finally finally sensitized after exiting the mixing section 35.2 and thus detonationsfähig.

In this way, a novel mixer has been found that allows even safer handling when pumping and promotion of emulsion explosives and leads to a much higher viscosity explosives. At the same time, it is susceptible to explosive capsule formation at a correspondingly low density, and thus it is particularly well able to detonate after reaching the final density.

In the following reference example, a high-viscosity emulsion explosive produced by the process according to the invention is compared with an ANC explosive.

Examples 1) Comparative blasting of a high viscosity emulsion explosive to ANC explosive

In an underground rock salt operation, comparative blasting is carried out between an ANC explosive and an emulsion explosive according to the invention.

The ANC explosive consists of porous ammonium nitrate with a weight fraction of 94.3% and a mineral oil with one Weight share of 5.7%. The explosive density is 0.78 kg / l.

The emulsion explosive consists of 93.5% oxidizer solution and a fuel phase of mineral oil and emulsifier of 6.5% by weight. The density of the emulsion matrix is 1.44 kg / l, that of the sensitized explosive is between 0.8 and 1.15 kg / l.

With the same efficiency of each explosive in the tees can be saved when using the emulsion explosive up to 27% of the Sprengbohrlöcher and the specific explosive expenditure can be reduced up to 15%, as can be seen from the following table: ANC explosives emulsion explosives drill hole number 70 51 amount of explosives 322.2 kg 266.7 kg total heap 541 t 541 t Specific explosive effort 596 g / t 493 g / t Toxic steam components NO _x 1.4 l / kg 0.6 l / kg CO 6.5 l / kg 1.9 l / kg

Also in the area of toxic swath components cuts
the emulsion explosive significantly better.

2) Swath measurements of the toxic components in a blasting chamber of defined volume, comparison of ANC explosive to an emulsion explosive

In a defined volume of an explosive chamber, swath measurements of the toxic components were carried out with the explosives described in Example 1. The explosives were filled into steel tubes of 35 mm inner diameter and 600 mm length. The ignition was in each case with a 100 g cartridge of a capsule-sensitive emulsion explosive and a moment fuse. The results are shown in the following table: Steam stocks (l / kg) Detonation speed (m / s) Density (kg / l) NO _x NO ₂ NO CO emulsion explosives 1.0 0.0 1.0 5.4 4490 0.96 ANC explosives 3.1 0.1 3.0 12.7 3600 0.77

The levels of toxic components are in all cases - average of 5 experiments - lower in the emulsion explosive.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

high-viscosity emulsion explosive

5

to be filled cavity / borehole

10

High viscosity emulsion matrix

15

Lubrifikationsmedium

16

Gassing Agent

30

Conveyor system / mixer

32

Conveyor / eccentric screw

34

Delivery line / hose

35

static mixer

39

injector

Claims (14)

1. Method for producing highly viscous emulsion explosive (1) in a manner that is safe to handle using the gassing method, comprising the steps of
   producing an emulsion matrix of high viscosity (10), wherein the emulsion matrix (10) has a viscosity of more than 60,000 mPas, preferably more than 80,000 mPas, particularly preferably more than 100,000 mPas;
   conveying the emulsion matrix of high viscosity (10) through a conveying system (30) using a lubrication medium (15), wherein the lubrication medium (15) contains a gassing agent (16);
   mixing the emulsion matrix of high viscosity (10) with the lubrication medium (15) at the end of the conveying system (30);
   subsequently emulsifying the conveyed mixture of emulsion matrix of high viscosity (10) and lubrication medium (15) to form the highly viscous emulsion explosive (1).
2. Method according to claim 1
   wherein
   while the emulsion matrix of high viscosity (10) is being conveyed, a laminar flow is maintained between the latter and the lubrication medium (15), in particular a laminar flow with a Reynolds number of less than 2300, preferably of less than 1500, particularly preferably of less than 1000.
3. Method according to one of the previous method claims
   wherein
   the emulsion matrix (10) is produced from an emulsifier, an oil phase and an oxidizer phase.
4. Method according to claim 3,
   characterized in that
   the emulsifier consists of at least two components which emulsify at different shear stresses.
5. Method according to one of the two previous method claims
   wherein
   the oxidizer phase is chosen such that the oxygen balance of the highly viscous emulsion explosive (1) is 0 to +2.5%, preferably +0.5 to +1.5%.
6. Method according to one of the previous method claims
   wherein the lubrication medium (15) comprises a mixture of water and gassing agent (16).
7. Method according to one of the previous method claims
   wherein
   the highly viscous emulsion explosive (1) obtained has a density of 0.5 kg/l to 1.2 kg/l, preferably 0.9 kg/l.
8. Method according to one of the previous method claims
   wherein
   the conveying system (30) for conveying the emulsion matrix (10) comprises an eccentric screw pump as conveying means (32).
9. Method according to one of the previous method claims
   wherein
   the conveying system (30) for conveying the emulsion matrix (10) comprises a conveyor pipe (34) with an internal diameter of less than 25 mm, preferably of less than 22 mm, particularly preferably of less than 19 mm.
10. Method according to one of the previous method claims
    wherein
    the emulsion matrix (10) and the lubrication medium (15) are mixed using a static mixer (35) to form the highly viscous emulsion explosive (1).
11. Method according to the previous method claim
    wherein
    the static mixer (35) is provided in the mouth piece at the end of a conveyor pipe (34) of the conveying system (32).
12. Method according to the previous method claim
    wherein
    the mouth piece has a geometry which defines a stream as directional and side stream in such a way that a cavity is optimally filled by the highly viscous emulsion explosive (1).
13. Method for introducing a highly viscous emulsion explosive (1) into a cavity (5), in particular a bore hole, comprising the steps of
    conveying a non-sensitized emulsion matrix of high viscosity (10), wherein the emulsion matrix (10) has a viscosity of more than 60,000 mPas, preferably more than 80,000 mPas, particularly preferably more than 100,000 mPas through a pipeline (33)
    injecting a lubrication medium (15) into the pipeline, wherein the lubrication medium (15) contains a gassing agent (16) and forms a lubricating film between the emulsion matrix and the inner wall of the pipeline;
    thoroughly mixing the emulsion matrix of high viscosity (10) with the gassing agent (16) at the transition from the pipeline (33) into the cavity (5) to be filled.
14. Method for introducing a highly viscous emulsion explosive (1) according to the previous claim,
    characterized in that
    the lubricating film is formed in such a way that the lubrication medium (15) containing the gassing agent (16) and the emulsion matrix (10) do not mix within the pipeline (33).

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