EP1550482B1 - Inerting method for extinguishing fires - Google Patents
Inerting method for extinguishing fires Download PDFInfo
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- EP1550482B1 EP1550482B1 EP03029928A EP03029928A EP1550482B1 EP 1550482 B1 EP1550482 B1 EP 1550482B1 EP 03029928 A EP03029928 A EP 03029928A EP 03029928 A EP03029928 A EP 03029928A EP 1550482 B1 EP1550482 B1 EP 1550482B1
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- Prior art keywords
- oxygen
- inerting
- gas
- level
- inert gas
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 79
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 70
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 24
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 12
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052756 noble gas Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002835 noble gases Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012217 deletion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037430 deletion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
- A62C99/0018—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames using gases or vapours that do not support combustion, e.g. steam, carbon dioxide
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an inerting method for extinguishing a fire in an enclosed space (hereinafter also referred to as "target space") in which the oxygen content in the enclosed space is lowered within a predeterminable time to a certain inerting level.
- EP-A-1 103 286 discloses an inerting plant and an inerting process according to the preamble of claim 1 for fire fighting in a tunnel, wherein the oxygen content in the tunnel is lowered to a certain inerting level which corresponds to an extinguishable concentration of the oxygen content.
- the document US 6,082,464 A discloses an inertization method in which a first inert gas is introduced into a target space at a first flow rate for a certain time, so that a fire that has broken out in the target space can be extinguished. Furthermore, it is provided in this prior art that subsequently a second Inert gas is supplied at a second flow rate to the target space to keep within the target space, the inert gas concentration at an inerting at which a re-ignition of the fire can be prevented.
- the document US 2002/070035 A1 discloses a method for extinguishing a fire that has broken out within a closed space.
- this method it is provided that after the detection of a fire, an inert gas concentration within the closed space is built up abruptly, so as to reduce the oxygen content within the target space to a maximum extinguishing oxygen concentration. Furthermore, it is provided in this known method that, in order to maintain the maximum extinguishing oxygen concentration, the inert gas is fed in a predetermined amount into the closed space.
- oxygen-displacing gases such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, noble gases and mixtures thereof
- the oxygen-displacing gases or inert gases are either stored in steel cylinders compressed or if necessary generated by means of a generator. In case of fire, the gas is then over Piping systems and corresponding outlet nozzles directed to the relevant target area.
- the time course of a firefighting effected by means of an inertization process is subdivided essentially into two phases, the firefighting phase and the reignition phase.
- the fire-fighting phase is the phase during which the target space is flooded with an oxygen-displacing gas to achieve a volatile concentration of the introduced inert gas in the target space.
- the volatile concentration is defined in accordance with VdS as the concentration at which a fire can be excluded with certainty.
- the extinguishable concentration is below the so-called re-ignition prevention level and, for example, corresponds to an oxygen concentration of about 11.2% by volume in computing areas, electrical switch and distributor rooms, enclosed facilities and warehoused storage areas.
- the oxygen concentration must reach a so-called backfire prevention level.
- the re-ignition prevention level is an oxygen concentration at which (re) ignition of materials present in the target space is just precluded.
- the oxygen concentration of the remindzündverhi matterssulates is dependent on the fire load of the target area and is for example in computing areas, electrical switch and distribution rooms, enclosed facilities and storage areas with assets at an oxygen concentration of about 13.8 vol .-%.
- the inert gas fire extinguishing system and the inerting process should be designed accordingly.
- the fire-fighting phase during which the fire in the finish area is completely extinguished, is followed by the so-called reignition phase.
- the reignition phase is a time period in which the oxygen content does not exceed the re-ignition prevention level, i. for example, above the said 13.8 vol .-%, may increase.
- the reignition phase has to last more than ten minutes. In other words, this means that the inert gas fire extinguishing system and the inertization process must be designed so that after fire detection the target space is flooded with inert gas so as to achieve an oxygen concentration in the target space within 60 seconds in the target space, and this concentration during the fire fighting phase and the reignition phase is not exceeded.
- Fig. 1 shows the course of flooding a operated with a conventional inerting inert gas fire extinguishing system on the example of a equipped with a computer equipment target area.
- VdS guidelines here is the determined from tests anti-ignition level at an oxygen concentration of 13.8 vol .-%; this concentration value is sometimes called "limit concentration”.
- the extinguishable concentration which is composed of the source material, a space-specific parameter and a safety, is according to the Fig. 1 at 11.2% by volume, and thus by 1.2% by volume, above a dangerous oxygen concentration of 10% by volume for persons and animals.
- the volatile concentration corresponds to the inertization level of the inert gas fire extinguishing system.
- the inert gas fire extinguishing system or the inerting method used is designed so that the re-ignition prevention level (13.8% by volume) is achieved by injecting or flooding the target space with inert gas within 60 seconds after the fire detection or initiation of the inertization process. It is envisaged that after reaching the scrubzündverhi regardss stipulates the oxygen concentration is further reduced until the extinguishable concentration or the inerting of the inert gas fire extinguishing system of 11.2 vol .-% is achieved.
- a further disadvantage is the fact that in the inertization process known from the prior art, there is no possibility, after the end of the firefighting phase, of preventing an early overshoot of the re-ignition level of the oxygen concentration in the target area.
- this is necessary, for example, if, for example, the tightness of the target area does not correspond to the design value.
- Such a case is not unlikely since fresh air entries, i. Flow events beyond the boundaries of the shelter, due to, for example, unforeseen leaks in the enclosure components of the target area or due to a malfunction of integrated in the target space ventilation and air conditioning can occur.
- Such unforeseen leaks can not be taken into account in the consideration of the tightness of the space for the design of the corresponding inertization process and lead in case of fire to an insufficient extinguishing effect of the method used.
- the present invention is therefore based on the technical problem of specifying an inerting method for extinguishing a fire of the type discussed above, by means of which the most accurate interpretation of inert gas fire extinguishing system used during the inerting process, and in particular as accurate as possible dimensioning of the inert gas to be provided, while maintaining the Fire extinguishing required phase and reignition phase is possible.
- the advantages of the invention are in particular that an easy to implement and thereby very effective method for optimizing the flooding course of an inert gas fire extinguishing system can be achieved.
- the reignition phase provided for fire extinguishment is set according to the invention via regulation of the inertization level, it can be achieved that an inerting level set during the fire fighting phase no longer covers the time period of the reignition phase pretends.
- the inertization level set during the firefighting phase may correspond to an oxygen concentration in the target space which no longer needs to be well below the recirculation-preventive level, as is the case with the conventional inertization processes known from the prior art.
- any pressure relief flaps provided in the target area can also be dimensioned to be smaller.
- a specific control range is also provided, in which the inerting level is maintained at the level of re-ignition prevention. This control range is dependent on, for example, the tightness of the target area and / or the design of the inert gas fire extinguishing system or the sensitivity of the sensors used in the target area for determining the oxygen concentration.
- the inertization level corresponds to the re-ignition prevention level.
- the dimensioning or design of the inert gas fire extinguishing system very precisely to the target area (density, volume, possible fire hearth materials) to adapt.
- the regulation of the inerting level in the target area already takes place during the fire fighting phase at the re-ignition prevention level.
- the storage container for storing the inert gas can be dimensioned significantly smaller or a corresponding system, such as a nitrogen plant for generating the inert gas, be designed correspondingly smaller.
- the upper threshold oxygen content in the control range is less than or equal to the re-ignition prevention level.
- threshold value in this context refers to the residual oxygen concentration at which the inert gas fire extinguishing system is switched on again or in which inert gas is again introduced into the target space in order to maintain or reach the inerting level as a setpoint.
- the upper threshold oxygen content in the control range is spaced from the backfire prevention level, there is some certainty.
- This safety corresponds to the difference between the re-ignition prevention level and the upper threshold.
- the control range is limited downwards by a lower threshold.
- This lower threshold value corresponds to the oxygen concentration at which the inert gas fire extinguishing system is switched off again or the renewed introduction of oxygen-displacing gas into the target space is stopped.
- the amplitude of the oxygen content in the control range has a height of about 0.2% by volume and preferably a maximum height of 0.2% by volume.
- the size of the range of the residual oxygen concentration between the on and off threshold of the inert gas fire extinguishing system is about 0.4% by volume, and preferably at most 0.4% by volume.
- other amplitudes of the oxygen content in the control range are also conceivable here.
- the regulation of the oxygen content takes place at the re-ignition prevention level, taking into account the air exchange rate of the target area, in particular taking into account the n 50 value of the target area, and / or the pressure difference between the target area and the surroundings.
- the air exchange rate refers to the ratio of the leakage volume flow in relation to the existing volume of the room at a pressure difference to the environment of 50 Pa. In other words, this means that the air exchange rate is a measure of the tightness of the target area and thus a decisive factor for dimensioning the inert gas fire extinguishing system.
- the leakage volume flow increases into or out of the measured target area. This increases the fresh air entries in the room and the inert gas losses from the room.
- the tightness of the respective target space limiting enclosure components is carried out by means of a so-called BlowerDoor measurement. It is intended to generate a standardized overpressure / negative pressure of 10 to 60 Pa in the target area. The air escapes through the leakage surfaces of the enclosing components to the outside or penetrates there. A corresponding measuring device measures the required volume flow to maintain the pressure difference of, for example, 50 Pa required for the measurement. After entering the associated values, an evaluation program calculates the n 50 value of the room, which refers to the generated pressure difference of 50 Pa in a standardized way.
- the calculation of the extinguishing agent quantity for lowering the oxygen content to the inertization level and for maintaining the oxygen content at the re-ignition prevention level taking into account the air exchange rate of the Target area, in particular taking into account the n 50 - value of the target area, and / or the pressure difference between the target area and the environment.
- the lowering of the oxygen content is effected by supplying an oxygen-displacing gas into the target space
- the shaping of the weft curve may be kept correspondingly flatter, so that, for example, not after 60 seconds but only a short time later, about 120 seconds or 180 seconds, the inerting level is reached.
- the inerting method according to the invention can be used in particular also in target areas which have no solid walls or in which no pressure relief flaps or similar devices can be installed.
- the inerting process according to the invention in which the lowering of the oxygen content takes place by supplying an oxygen-displacing gas into the target space, it is particularly preferable to regulate the supply of the oxygen-displacing gas as a function of the current oxygen content or the current extinguishing agent concentration provided in the target area.
- the oxygen content in the room if nitrogen serves as the extinguishing agent.
- the CO 2 concentration in the target area is preferably measured in order to regulate the supply of oxygen-displacing gas in the target area.
- the oxygen content in the enclosed space it is particularly preferable for the oxygen content in the enclosed space to be lowered to the specific inertization level within 60 seconds or less. This ensures that the guidelines for CO 2 extinguishing systems prescribed by the VdS are met.
- the time in which the oxygen content in the target space is lowered to the specific inerting level is greater than 60 seconds. This is particularly advantageous if the flooding of the target space is controlled with inert gas, and in particular depending on the existing pressure in the target area.
- the oxygen content in the target area is lowered by introducing an oxygen-displacing gas from a prepared reservoir.
- an oxygen-displacing gas from a prepared reservoir.
- a rapid adjustment of the inertization level in the target space can be achieved.
- carbon dioxide, nitrogen, noble gases and mixtures thereof which are compressed in steel bottles or stored in uncompressed form in a special inert gas reservoir (eg false ceilings), may be considered as oxygen-displacing gases.
- the gas is passed through piping systems and corresponding outlet nozzles in the target area.
- the advantage of lowering the oxygen content in the target space by introducing an inert gas from a reservoir provided, in which the inert gas is in compressed form, is in particular also to be seen in that by the expansion of the compressed gas in addition to the effect of oxygen displacement also a positive to the Extinguishing effect impacting cooling effect is achieved, since then the expansion of the compressed gas stored compressed oxygen displaced gas directly from the environment and in particular the target space is withdrawn.
- the oxygen-displacing gas is provided by means of a production plant.
- a machine such as fuel cells, which extracts oxygen from the target area.
- the advantage of this embodiment is to be seen in particular in that it can be dispensed with special storage rooms for example, a reservoir or gas cylinders, in which the oxygen-displacing gas is stored.
- a production plant for oxygen-displacing gas for example, a nitrogen generator in question, in which the components contained in compressed air are split and diverted so that a nitrogen flow is obtained. This has a very low pressure dew point and a fixed residual oxygen content, which can be continuously monitored.
- the nitrogen flow obtained via the nitrogen generator is fed via a pipeline to the target area, while the oxygen-enriched air is discharged separately into the open air.
- the advantage of such a production plant can be seen in particular in its relatively maintenance-free operation.
- other methods for producing the oxygen-displacing gas are also conceivable.
- the oxygen displacing gas is provided from a reservoir to lower the oxygen content to the particular inertization level and the oxygen displacing gas is provided from a production facility to increase the inertization level at the re-ignition prevention level hold.
- the oxygen-displacing gas needed to lower the oxygen content to the particular inertization level and the gas needed to maintain the inertization level at the recirculation-prevention level from a reservoir and / or a production plant.
- Fig. 1 shows a flooding course in a target space in a prior art inerting process.
- the fire extinction proceeds in three steps.
- the first step the fire in the target area is detected and the intergas extinguishing system activated.
- the energy in the target area such as the power supply, is turned off.
- the actual firefighting takes place during the firefighting phase during which the target area is flooded with inert gas.
- the ordinate axis represents the oxygen concentration in the target space and the axis of abscissa represents the time.
- the introduction of the oxygen displacing gas into the target space occurs in the first 240 seconds until the inertization level of the inert gas fire extinguishing system reaches the extinguishable concentration of 11.2 vol% in this case. reached.
- the course of the flooding is selected so that the oxygen concentration in the target area reaches the re-ignition prevention level of here 13.8% by volume already 60 seconds after the initiation of the inertization process; the re-ignition prevention level will also limit concentration Called GK.
- the reignition phase After reaching the extinguishable concentration (11.2 vol .-%) begins the so-called reignition phase in which no further introduction of inert gas takes place in the target area.
- the reignition phase in this case is a time period of 600 seconds in which the oxygen concentration in the target space never exceeds the re-ignition prevention level.
- Fig. 2 shows a flooding course in the target space of Fig. 1 in a first preferred embodiment of the inertization process according to the invention.
- the oxygen concentration in the target space is reduced to the inertization level by inert gas flushing within 60 seconds.
- the inert gas introduction is throttled and completely stopped after the oxygen concentration has reached a lower threshold in a control range around the inerting level.
- the oxygen concentration then increases continuously due to, for example, leaks in the target area, until an upper threshold value of the oxygen content in the control range is reached.
- This upper threshold value corresponds to the recirculation prevention level GK of the target space. This ensures that at no time does the oxygen concentration of the target area exceed the critical limit concentration or the re-ignition prevention level.
- inertization method it is then provided that upon reaching the upper threshold value, inert gas is again introduced into the target space in order to lower the oxygen concentration again to a lower threshold value of the control range. After reaching the lower threshold, the inert gas is stopped in the target area again. Thus, the inerting level is iterated with a certain control range at the re-ignition prevention level.
- the upper limit of the control range from the inerting level is identical to the re-ignition prevention level of 13.8% by volume.
- the amplitude of the oxygen content in the control range corresponds to a height of 0.2% by volume.
- the inerting is achieved after the predetermined time of 60 seconds. Of course, another time span is possible here as well.
- the inertization method of the present invention it is possible to perform the control of the oxygen content at the re-ignition prevention level in consideration of the air exchange rate n 50 of the target space. Again Fig. 2 to is found, the adjusted by means of inerting process according to the invention in the target area oxygen concentration is generally well above the hazardous for people concentration of 10 vol .-%. This is a further significant advantage of the inertization process according to the invention.
- Fig. 3 shows a flooding course in a second preferred embodiment of the inertization process according to the invention.
- the difference of the flooding course to that in the Fig. 2 Flooding curve shown is now that the inerting is lower than the respzündungsverhi tangibleslomi. This provides further safety or a further safety buffer between the upper limit or the upper threshold range of the control range and the re-ignition prevention level.
- Fig. 4 shows a flooding course of another preferred embodiment of the inertization process according to the invention.
- the difference of the flooding course according to Fig. 4 to that in the Fig. 2 shown flooding course of the first preferred embodiment of the inertization process according to the invention is to be seen in that the Einschussgases of the inert gas, ie the reduction of the oxygen content in the target space caused at the beginning of the inertization, a significantly lower slope, whereby the inerting is reached later.
- the lowering takes place by regulating the supply of the oxygen-displacing gas, taking into account the air / gas pressure in the target space, so as to avoid inflating the target space. This is particularly suitable for target areas that have no solid walls or in which no pressure relief flaps can be installed.
- the inventive method requires the permanent monitoring of the oxygen content in the target area.
- the oxygen concentration or the inert gas concentration in the target area is permanently determined via appropriate sensors and fed to a controller of the inert gas fire extinguishing system, which in response controls the extinguishing agent supply to the target area.
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- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
- Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)
- Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Inertisierungsverfahren zum Löschen eines Brandes in einem umschlossenen Raum (im folgenden auch "Zielraum" genannt), bei welchem der Sauerstoffgehalt in dem umschlossenen Raum innerhalb einer vorgebbaren Zeit auf ein bestimmtes Inertisierungsniveau abgesenkt wird.The present invention relates to an inerting method for extinguishing a fire in an enclosed space (hereinafter also referred to as "target space") in which the oxygen content in the enclosed space is lowered within a predeterminable time to a certain inerting level.
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Es ist bekannt, in geschlossenen Räumen einen Brand dadurch zu bekämpfen, dass die Sauerstoffkonzentration in dem betroffenen Bereich auf einen Wert von im Mittel etwa 12 Vol.-% abgesenkt wird. Bei dieser Sauerstoffkonzentration können sich die meisten brennbaren Materialen nicht mehr entzünden. Die bei diesem Verfahren resultierende Löschwirkung beruht auf dem Prinzip der Sauerstoffverdrängung. Die normale Umgebungsluft besteht bekanntlich zu 21 Vol.-% aus Sauerstoff, zu 78 Vol.-% aus Stickstoff und zu 1 Vol.-% aus sonstigen Gasen. Zum Löschen wird durch Einleiten von beispielsweise reinem Stickstoff als Inertgas die Stickstoffkonzentration in dem betreffenden Raum weiter erhöht und damit der Sauerstoffanteil verringert. Eine Löschwirkung setzt ein, wenn der Sauerstoffanteil unter etwa 15 Vol.-% absinkt. Abhängig von den in dem betreffenden Raum vorhandenen brennbaren Materialien kann ein weiteres Absenken des Sauerstoffanteils auf beispielsweise die genannten 12 Vol.-% erforderlich sein.It is known to combat a fire in confined spaces by lowering the oxygen concentration in the affected area to an average value of about 12% by volume. At this oxygen concentration most flammable materials can not ignite anymore. The extinguishing effect resulting from this process is based on the principle of oxygen displacement. The normal ambient air is known to be 21% by volume of oxygen, 78% by volume of nitrogen and 1% by volume of other gases. For deletion, by introducing, for example, pure nitrogen as the inert gas, the nitrogen concentration in the relevant space is further increased, thereby reducing the oxygen content. A quenching effect sets in when the oxygen content drops below about 15% by volume. Depending on the flammable materials present in the room in question, a further lowering of the oxygen content to, for example, the mentioned 12% by volume may be necessary.
Bei dieser "Inertgaslöschtechnik", wie das Fluten eines brandgefährdeten oder im Brand befindlichen Raumes durch Sauerstoff verdrängende Gase, wie Kohlendioxid, Stickstoff, Edelgase und Gemische daraus, genannt wird, werden die Sauerstoff verdrängenden Gase bzw. Inertgase entweder in Stahlflaschen komprimiert gelagert oder bei Bedarf mittels eines Generators erzeugt. Im Brandfall wird dann das Gas über Rohrleitungssysteme und entsprechende Austrittsdüsen in den betreffenden Zielraum geleitet.In this "inert gas extinguishing technique", as the flooding of a fire-prone or in-fire space by oxygen-displacing gases, such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, noble gases and mixtures thereof is called, the oxygen-displacing gases or inert gases are either stored in steel cylinders compressed or if necessary generated by means of a generator. In case of fire, the gas is then over Piping systems and corresponding outlet nozzles directed to the relevant target area.
Der zeitliche Verlauf einer mittels eines Inertisierungsverfahrens bewirkten Brandbekämpfung unterteilt sich im Wesentlichen in zwei Phasen, die Brandbekämpfungsphase und die Rückzündungsphase. Die Brandbekämpfungsphase ist die Phase, während welcher der Zielraum mit einem Sauerstoff verdrängenden Gas geflutet wird, um in dem Zielraum eine löschfähige Konzentration des eingeleiteten Inertgases zu erreichen. Die löschfähige Konzentration wird gemäß dem VdS als Konzentration definiert, bei der ein Brand mit Sicherheit auszuschließen ist. Die löschfähige Konzentration liegt unterhalb des sogenannten Rückzündungsverhinderungsniveaus und entspricht zum Beispiel bei EDV-Bereichen, elektrischen Schalt- und Verteilerräumen, umschlossenen Einrichtungen sowie bei Lagerbereichen mit Wirtschaftsgütern einer Sauerstoffkonzentration von etwa 11,2 Vol.-%.The time course of a firefighting effected by means of an inertization process is subdivided essentially into two phases, the firefighting phase and the reignition phase. The fire-fighting phase is the phase during which the target space is flooded with an oxygen-displacing gas to achieve a volatile concentration of the introduced inert gas in the target space. The volatile concentration is defined in accordance with VdS as the concentration at which a fire can be excluded with certainty. The extinguishable concentration is below the so-called re-ignition prevention level and, for example, corresponds to an oxygen concentration of about 11.2% by volume in computing areas, electrical switch and distributor rooms, enclosed facilities and warehoused storage areas.
Für die Brandbekämpfungsphase ist gemäß VdS vorgesehen, dass innerhalb von 60 Sekunden ab Flutungsbeginn die Sauerstoffkonzentration ein sogenanntes Rückzündungsverhinderungsniveau erreichen muss. Das Rückzündungsverhinderungsniveau ist eine Sauerstoffkonzentration, bei der ein (erneutes) Entzünden der im Zielraum vorhandenen Materialien gerade ausgeschlossen wird. Die Sauerstoffkonzentration des Rückzündverhinderungsniveaus ist von der Brandlast des Zielraumes abhängig und liegt beispielsweise bei EDV-Bereichen, elektrischen Schalt- und Verteilerräumen, umschlossenen Einrichtungen sowie bei Lagerbereichen mit Wirtschaftsgütern bei einer Sauerstoffkonzentration von etwa 13,8 Vol.-%.According to VdS, for the firefighting phase, within 60 seconds from the start of the flooding, the oxygen concentration must reach a so-called backfire prevention level. The re-ignition prevention level is an oxygen concentration at which (re) ignition of materials present in the target space is just precluded. The oxygen concentration of the Rückzündverhinderungsniveaus is dependent on the fire load of the target area and is for example in computing areas, electrical switch and distribution rooms, enclosed facilities and storage areas with assets at an oxygen concentration of about 13.8 vol .-%.
Die Bedingung, dass in der Brandbekämpfungsphase innerhalb von 60 Sekunden die Sauerstoffkonzentration das Rückzündungsverhinderungsniveau erreichen muss, bestimmt die Steigung der Einschusskurve, die den Flutungsverlauf der Inertgasfeuerlöschanlage bzw. des Inertisierungsverfahrens am Anfang der Brandbekämpfungsphase beschreibt. Die Inertgasfeuerlöschanlage und das Inertisierungsverfahren sollten demgemäss ausgelegt sein.The condition that in the firefighting phase within 60 seconds, the oxygen concentration must reach the rebound prevention level, determines the slope of the shot curve describing the flooding course of the inert gas fire extinguishing system and the inertization process at the beginning of the firefighting phase. The inert gas fire extinguishing system and the inerting process should be designed accordingly.
An die Brandbekämpfungsphase, innerhalb welcher der Brand im Zielraum vollständig gelöscht wird, schließt sich die sogenannte Rückzündungsphase an. Die Rückzündungsphase ist eine Zeitperiode, in welcher der Sauerstoffgehalt nicht über das Rückzündungsverhinderungsniveau, d.h. beispielsweise über die genannten 13,8 Vol.-%, steigen darf. Hierbei ist gemäß den VdS-Richtlinien vorgesehen, dass die Rückzündungsphase über zehn Minuten andauern muss. Anders ausgedrückt bedeutet dies, dass die Inertgasfeuerlöschanlage und das Inertisierungsverfahren so ausgelegt sein müssen, dass nach Branderkennung der Zielraum derart mit Inertgas geflutet wird, um innerhalb von 60 Sekunden im Zielraum eine auf dem Rückzündungsverhinderungsniveau liegende Sauerstoffkonzentration zu erreichen, wobei ferner diese Konzentration während der Brandbekämpfungsphase und der Rückzündungsphase nicht überschritten wird.The fire-fighting phase, during which the fire in the finish area is completely extinguished, is followed by the so-called reignition phase. The reignition phase is a time period in which the oxygen content does not exceed the re-ignition prevention level, i. for example, above the said 13.8 vol .-%, may increase. According to the VdS guidelines it is planned that the reignition phase has to last more than ten minutes. In other words, this means that the inert gas fire extinguishing system and the inertization process must be designed so that after fire detection the target space is flooded with inert gas so as to achieve an oxygen concentration in the target space within 60 seconds in the target space, and this concentration during the fire fighting phase and the reignition phase is not exceeded.
In dem dargestellten Beispiel ist die eingesetzte Inertgasfeuerlöschanlage bzw. das Inertisierungsverfahren so ausgelegt, dass innerhalb von 60 Sekunden nach Branderkennung bzw. Auslösung des Inertisierungsverfahrens das Rückzündungsverhinderungsniveau (13,8 Vol.-%) durch Einschießen bzw. Fluten des Zielraumes mit Inertgas erreicht wird. Dabei ist vorgesehen, dass nach Erreichen des Rückzündverhinderungsniveaus die Sauerstoffkonzentration weiter herabgesetzt wird, bis die löschfähige Konzentration bzw. das Inertisierungsniveau der Inertgasfeuerlöschanlage von 11,2 Vol.-% erreicht wird. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt ist der Brand in dem Zielraum vollständig gelöscht, und da das Fluten des Zielraumes mit Inertgas nach Erreichen des Inertisierungsniveaus bzw. der löschfähigen Konzentration eingestellt wird, steigt in der anschließenden Rückzündungsphase die Sauerstoffkonzentration im Zielraum (wegen Undichtigkeiten des Zielraumes) kontinuierlich an.In the illustrated example, the inert gas fire extinguishing system or the inerting method used is designed so that the re-ignition prevention level (13.8% by volume) is achieved by injecting or flooding the target space with inert gas within 60 seconds after the fire detection or initiation of the inertization process. It is envisaged that after reaching the Rückzündverhinderungsniveaus the oxygen concentration is further reduced until the extinguishable concentration or the inerting of the inert gas fire extinguishing system of 11.2 vol .-% is achieved. At this point, the fire in the target space is completely deleted, and since the flooding of the target space with inert gas is adjusted after reaching the inertization level or the extinguishable concentration, in the subsequent reignition phase, the oxygen concentration in the target area increases continuously (due to leaks in the target area).
Es ist nun denkbar, den Zeitpunkt der Überschreitung des Rückzündungsverhinderungsniveaus über die "Tiefe" des Inertisierungsniveaus der Inertgasfeuerlöschanlage einzustellen. Da jedoch die Dichtigkeit des Raumes die Steigung bzw. den Verlauf der Anstiegkurve der Sauerstoffkonzentration im Zielraum während der Rückzündungsphase vorgibt, kann der Zeitpunkt des Überschreitens des Rückzündverhinderungsniveaus (der 13,8 Vol.-%) nur über die Einstellung der löschfähigen Konzentration bzw. über das Festlegen des Inertisierungsniveaus der Inertgasfeuerlöschanlage erfolgen. Im vorliegenden Fall wird bei einer löschfähigen Konzentration von 11,2 Vol.-% erreicht, dass das Rückzündungsverhinderungsniveau erst 600 Sekunden nach Ende der Brandbekämpfungsphase überschritten wird.It is now conceivable to set the timing of the overrun of the backfire prevention level beyond the "depth" of the inertization level of the inert gas fire extinguishing system. However, since the tightness of the space dictates the slope of the target area oxygen concentration rise curve during the reignition phase, the time of exceeding the rebound prevention level (of 13.8% by volume) can only be achieved through the volatile content setting the setting of the inerting of the inert gas fire extinguishing system done. In the present case, with an extinguishable concentration of 11.2% by volume, it is achieved that the level of reburning is not exceeded until 600 seconds after the end of the firefighting phase.
Bei dem aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten und vorstehend erläuterten Inertisierungsverfahren zum Löschen eines Brandes in einem Zielraum liegt nun ein Nachteil darin, dass die während der Brandbekämpfungsphase durchgeführte Absenkung der Sauerstoffkonzentration auf das Inertisierungsniveau der Inertgasfeuerlöschanlage grundsätzlich deutlich unter dem Rückzündungsverhinderungsniveau erfolgen muss, um zu erreichen, dass das Rückzündungsverhinderungsniveau nicht frühzeitig nach Ende der Brandbekämpfungsphase überschritten wird, und um eine hinreichend lange Rückzündungsphase sicherzustellen. Von daher ist es bei den aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Inertisierungsverfahren erforderlich, eine deutlich größere Menge an Löschmittel verfügbar zu haben, als es letztendlich zur Brandbekämpfung notwendig wäre. Dies setzt voraus, das beispielsweise zusätzlicher Raum für Gasflaschen, in denen das Inertgas in komprimierter Form gelagert wird, bereitgestellt wird. Aufgrund der notwendigen Überdimensionierung der aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Anlagen wird das Inertisierungsverfahren zum Löschen eines Brandes relativ kostenaufwendig.In the inertization method known from the prior art and explained above for extinguishing a fire in a target area, there is now a disadvantage in that the reduction of the oxygen concentration to the inerting level of the inert gas fire extinguishing system during the fire-fighting phase must in principle take place clearly below the re-ignition prevention level in order to be achieved in that the level of reburn prevention is not exceeded early after the end of the firefighting phase and to ensure a sufficiently long reignition phase. Therefore, it is necessary in the known from the prior art inerting process to have a significantly larger amount of extinguishing agent available than would ultimately be necessary for fire fighting. This implies that, for example, additional space is provided for gas cylinders in which the inert gas is stored in compressed form. Due to the necessary oversizing of the systems known from the prior art, the inerting process for extinguishing a fire becomes relatively expensive.
Ein weiterer Nachteil ist darin zu sehen, dass bei den aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Inertisierungsverfahren keine Möglichkeit besteht, nach Ende der Brandbekämpfungsphase ein frühzeitiges Überschreiten des Rückzündungsniveaus der Sauerstoffkonzentration im Zielraumes zu verhindern. Dies ist beispielsweise dann jedoch erforderlich, wenn etwa die Dichtigkeit des Zielraumes nicht dem Auslegungswert entspricht. Ein solcher Fall ist nicht unwahrscheinlich, da Frischlufteinträge, d.h. Strömungsvorgänge über die Grenzen des Schutzraumes hinweg, aufgrund von beispielsweise unvorhergesehenen Leckagen in den Umfassungsbauteilen des Zielraumes oder aufgrund einer Fehlfunktion der im Zielraum integrierten Lüftungs- und Klimaanlage auftreten können. Derartige unvorhergesehene Leckagen können bei der Betrachtung der Dichtigkeit des Raumes zur Auslegung des entsprechenden Inertisierungsverfahrens nicht berücksichtigt werden und führen in einem Brandfall zu einer nicht hinreichenden Löschwirkung des eingesetzten Verfahrens.A further disadvantage is the fact that in the inertization process known from the prior art, there is no possibility, after the end of the firefighting phase, of preventing an early overshoot of the re-ignition level of the oxygen concentration in the target area. However, this is necessary, for example, if, for example, the tightness of the target area does not correspond to the design value. Such a case is not unlikely since fresh air entries, i. Flow events beyond the boundaries of the shelter, due to, for example, unforeseen leaks in the enclosure components of the target area or due to a malfunction of integrated in the target space ventilation and air conditioning can occur. Such unforeseen leaks can not be taken into account in the consideration of the tightness of the space for the design of the corresponding inertization process and lead in case of fire to an insufficient extinguishing effect of the method used.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt von daher das technische Problem zugrunde, ein Inertisierungsverfahren zum Löschen eines Brandes der vorstehend diskutierten Art anzugeben, mittels welchem eine möglichst genaue Auslegung der während des Inertisierungsverfahrens verwendeten Inertgasfeuerlöschanlage, und insbesondere eine möglichst genaue Dimensionierung des bereitzustellenden Inertgases, bei gleichzeitiger Einhaltung der zur Brandlöschung erforderlichen Brandbekämpfungsphase und Rückzündungsphase möglich ist.The present invention is therefore based on the technical problem of specifying an inerting method for extinguishing a fire of the type discussed above, by means of which the most accurate interpretation of inert gas fire extinguishing system used during the inerting process, and in particular as accurate as possible dimensioning of the inert gas to be provided, while maintaining the Fire extinguishing required phase and reignition phase is possible.
Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem Inertisierungsverfahren der eingangs genannten Art erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass das Inertisierungsniveau in einem bestimmten Regelbereich gehalten wird, wobei der obere Schwellwert des Regelbereiches kleiner oder maximal gleich dem Rückzündungsverhinderungsniveau (R) ist.This object is achieved in an inerting method of the type mentioned in the present invention, that the inerting is maintained within a certain control range, the upper threshold of the control range is less than or equal to the Rückzündungsverhinderungsniveau (R).
Die Vorteile der Erfindung liegen insbesondere darin, dass ein einfach zu realisierendes und dabei sehr effektives Verfahren zur Optimierung des Flutungsverlaufes einer Inertgasfeuerlöschanlage erzielbar ist. Dadurch, dass die zur Brandlöschung vorgesehene Rückzündungsphase erfindungsgemäß über eine Regelung des Inertisierungsniveaus eingestellt wird, kann erreicht werden, dass ein während der Brandbekämpfungsphase eingestelltes Inertisierungsniveau nicht mehr die Zeitperiode der Rückzündungsphase vorgibt. Anders ausgedrückt bedeutet dies, dass das während der Brandbekämpfungsphase eingestellte Inertisierungsniveau einer Sauerstoffkonzentration im Zielraum entsprechen kann, die nicht mehr deutlich unter dem Rückzündungsverhinderungsniveau liegen muss, wie es bei den herkömmlichen, aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Inertisierungsverfahren der Fall ist. Somit wird für den gesamten Flutungsverlauf während des erfindungsgemäßen Inertisierungsverfahrens deutlich weniger Löschmittel benötigt, wodurch das Inertisierungsverfahren und die zugehörige Inertgasfeuerlöschanlage genau an den Zielraum angepasst und ausgelegt sind. Insbesondere entfällt hier die Lagerung großer Mengen Inertgas in Speicherbehältern. Durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren, und insbesondere durch die Regelung des Inertisierungsniveaus auf das Rückzündungsverhinderungsniveau, liegt während der Rückzündungsphase in vorteilhafter Weise keine Übersteuerung der Inertgaskonzentration im Zielraum vor. Dadurch, dass mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren deutlich weniger Löschmittel benötigt wird und keine Übersteuerung der Inertgaskonzentration im Zielraum vorliegt, können auch eventuell im Zielraum vorgesehene Druckentlastungsklappen kleiner dimensioniert werden. Erfindungsgemäß ist ferner ein bestimmter Regelbereich vorgesehen, in welchem das Inertisierungsniveau auf dem Rückzündungsverhinderungsniveau gehalten wird. Dieser Regelbereich ist abhängig von beispielsweise der Dichtigkeit des Zielraumes und/oder der Auslegung der Inertgasfeuerlöschanlage bzw. der Sensibilität der im Zielraum eingesetzten Sensoren zur Bestimmung der Sauerstoffkonzentration.The advantages of the invention are in particular that an easy to implement and thereby very effective method for optimizing the flooding course of an inert gas fire extinguishing system can be achieved. By virtue of the fact that the reignition phase provided for fire extinguishment is set according to the invention via regulation of the inertization level, it can be achieved that an inerting level set during the fire fighting phase no longer covers the time period of the reignition phase pretends. In other words, this means that the inertization level set during the firefighting phase may correspond to an oxygen concentration in the target space which no longer needs to be well below the recirculation-preventive level, as is the case with the conventional inertization processes known from the prior art. Thus, significantly less extinguishing agent is required for the entire course of flooding during inerting process according to the invention, whereby the inerting process and the associated inert gas fire extinguishing system are adapted and designed exactly to the target area. In particular, the storage of large quantities of inert gas in storage containers is omitted here. By the method according to the invention, and in particular by the regulation of the inertization level to the re-ignition prevention level, there is advantageously no over-control of the inert gas concentration in the target space during the reignition phase. Because significantly less extinguishing agent is required with the method according to the invention and there is no overriding of the inert gas concentration in the target area, any pressure relief flaps provided in the target area can also be dimensioned to be smaller. According to the invention, a specific control range is also provided, in which the inerting level is maintained at the level of re-ignition prevention. This control range is dependent on, for example, the tightness of the target area and / or the design of the inert gas fire extinguishing system or the sensitivity of the sensors used in the target area for determining the oxygen concentration.
So ist in einer Ausführungsform vorgesehen, dass das Inertisierungsniveau dem Rückzündungsverhinderungsniveau entspricht. Hierdurch ist es in vorteilhafter Weise möglich, die Dimensionierung bzw. Auslegung der Inertgasfeuerlöschanlage sehr genau an den Zielraum (Dichtigkeit, Volumen, mögliche Brandherdmaterialien) anzupassen. So erfolgt in dieser vorteilhaften Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Inertisierungsverfahrens die Regelung des Inertisierungsniveaus im Zielraum bereits während der Brandbekämpfungsphase auf dem Rückzündungsverhinderungsniveau. Dadurch, dass während des gesamten Flutungsverlaufes die Inertgaskonzentration im Zielraum zu keiner Zeit das Rückzündungsverhinderungsniveau außerhalb des Regelbereiches überschreitet, und insbesondere dadurch, dass somit eine deutliche Überschwingung der Inertgaskonzentration im Zielraum verhindert wird, kann erreicht werden, dass während der anfänglichen Flutung grundsätzlich nur exakt so viel Inertgas zum Einsatz kommt, wie es zur Brandlöschung erforderlich ist. Dadurch können die Speicherbehälter zur Lagerung des Inertgases deutlich kleiner dimensioniert werden bzw. eine entsprechende Anlage, wie etwa eine Stickstoffanlage zur Erzeugung des Inertgases, entsprechend kleiner ausgelegt werden.Thus, in one embodiment it is provided that the inertization level corresponds to the re-ignition prevention level. This makes it possible in an advantageous manner, the dimensioning or design of the inert gas fire extinguishing system very precisely to the target area (density, volume, possible fire hearth materials) to adapt. Thus, in this advantageous embodiment of the inertization process according to the invention, the regulation of the inerting level in the target area already takes place during the fire fighting phase at the re-ignition prevention level. Due to the fact that during the entire course of flooding the inert gas concentration in the target area at no time exceeds the Rückzündungsverhinderungsniveau outside the control range, and in particular the fact that thus a significant overshoot of the inert gas concentration is prevented in the target space, can be achieved that during the initial flooding basically only exactly as much inert gas is used as it is required for fire extinguishment. As a result, the storage container for storing the inert gas can be dimensioned significantly smaller or a corresponding system, such as a nitrogen plant for generating the inert gas, be designed correspondingly smaller.
Um zu erreichen, dass das Rückzündungsverhinderungsniveau zu keiner Zeit während der Brandbekämpfungsphase und der Rückzündungsphase überschritten wird, ist im erfindungsgemäßen Inertisierungsverfahrens vorgesehen, dass der obere Schwellwert des Sauerstoffgehalts im Regelbereich kleiner oder maximal gleich dem Rückzündungsverhinderungsniveau ist. Der Begriff "Schwellwert" bezeichnet in diesem Zusammenhang die Restsauerstoffkonzentration, bei der die Inertgasfeuerlöschanlage wieder eingeschaltet bzw. bei der erneut Inertgas in den Zielraum eingegeben wird, um das Inertisierungsniveau als Sollwert zu halten oder erneut zu erreichen. Durch das Einschalten der Inertgasfeuerlöschanlage wird dann das Sauerstoff verdrängende Gas aus beispielsweise einem Inertgasreservoir oder einer Produktionsanlage in den Zielraum eingeleitet. Wenn der obere Schwellwert des Sauerstoffgehalts im Regelbereich von dem Rückzündungsverhinderungsniveau beabstandet ist, liegt zusätzlich eine gewisse Sicherheit vor. Diese Sicherheit entspricht der Differenz aus dem Rückzündungsverhinderungsniveau und dem oberen Schwellwert. In diesem Zusammenhang sei darauf hingewiesen, das bereits im Rückzündungsverhinderungsniveau in der Regel eine gewisse Sicherheit berücksichtigt wurde. Der Regelbereich wird nach unten durch einen unteren Schwellwert begrenzt. Dieser untere Schwellwert entspricht der Sauerstoffkonzentration, bei der die Inertgasfeuerlöschanlage wieder ausgeschaltet bzw. das erneute Einleiten von Sauerstoff verdrängendem Gas in den Zielraum angehalten wird.In order to ensure that the re-ignition prevention level is never exceeded during the fire fighting phase and the reignition phase, it is provided in the inertization process according to the invention that the upper threshold oxygen content in the control range is less than or equal to the re-ignition prevention level. The term "threshold value" in this context refers to the residual oxygen concentration at which the inert gas fire extinguishing system is switched on again or in which inert gas is again introduced into the target space in order to maintain or reach the inerting level as a setpoint. By switching on the inert gas fire extinguishing system, the oxygen-displacing gas from, for example, an inert gas reservoir or a production plant is then introduced into the target area. In addition, if the upper threshold oxygen content in the control range is spaced from the backfire prevention level, there is some certainty. This safety corresponds to the difference between the re-ignition prevention level and the upper threshold. In this context, it should be noted that, as a rule, a certain degree of certainty has already been taken into consideration in the level of anti-return prevention. The control range is limited downwards by a lower threshold. This lower threshold value corresponds to the oxygen concentration at which the inert gas fire extinguishing system is switched off again or the renewed introduction of oxygen-displacing gas into the target space is stopped.
In einer Realisierung ist dabei vorgesehen, dass die Amplitude des Sauerstoffgehalts im Regelbereich eine Höhe von etwa 0,2 Vol.-% und vorzugsweise eine Höhe von maximal 0,2 Vol.-% hat.In one implementation, it is provided that the amplitude of the oxygen content in the control range has a height of about 0.2% by volume and preferably a maximum height of 0.2% by volume.
Demgemäss beträgt die Größe des Bereichs der Restsauerstoffkonzentration zwischen der Ein- und der Ausschaltschwelle der Inertgasfeuerlöschanlage etwa 0,4 Vol.-% und vorzugsweise maximal 0,4 Vol.-%. Selbstverständlich sind hier aber auch andere Amplituden des Sauerstoffgehalts im Regelbereich denkbar.Accordingly, the size of the range of the residual oxygen concentration between the on and off threshold of the inert gas fire extinguishing system is about 0.4% by volume, and preferably at most 0.4% by volume. Of course, other amplitudes of the oxygen content in the control range are also conceivable here.
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.
Besonders bevorzugt erfolgt die Regelung des Sauerstoffgehalts auf dem Rückzündungsverhinderungsniveau unter Berücksichtigung der Luftwechselrate des Zielraumes, insbesondere unter Berücksichtigung des n50 ― Wertes des Zielraums, und /oder der Druckdifferenz zwischen Zielraum und Umgebung. Die Luftwechselrate bezeichnet das Verhältnis des erfolgten Leckagevolumenstromes in Relation zum vorhandenem Raumvolumen bei einer erzeugten Druckdifferenz zur Umgebung von 50 Pa. Anders ausgedrückt bedeutet dies, dass die Luftwechselrate ein Maß für die Dichtigkeit des Zielraumes und somit eine entscheidende Größe zur Dimensionierung der Inertgasfeuerlöschanlage ist. Mit zunehmender Größe des n50-Werts steigt der Leckagevolumenstrom in den oder aus dem gemessenen Zielraum. Hierdurch erhöhen sich die Frischlufteinträge in den Raum und die Inertgasverluste aus dem Raum. Beides führt dazu, dass die Inertgasfeuerlöschanlage mit einer größeren Leistungsfähigkeit projektiert werden muss. Die Dichtigkeit der den jeweiligen Zielraum begrenzenden Umfassungsbauteile wird mittels einer sogenannten BlowerDoor-Messung durchgeführt. Dabei ist vorgesehen, im Zielraum einen genormten Überdruck/Unterdruck von 10 bis 60 Pa zu erzeugen. Die Luft entweicht über die Leckageflächen der Umfassungsbauteile nach außen oder dringt dort ein. Ein entsprechendes Messgerät misst den erforderlichen Volumenstrom zur Aufrechterhaltung der zur Messung geforderten Druckdifferenz von z.B. 50 Pa. Nach Eingabe von Begleitwerten errechnet ein Auswertungsprogramm den n50-Wert des Raumes, der sich standarisiert auf die erzeugte Druckdifferenz von 50 Pa bezieht. Eine derartige BlowerDoor-Messung ist vor der konkreten Auslegung der Inertgasfeuerlöschanlage bzw. des Inertisierungsverfahrens, spätestens jedoch vor der in Betriebnahme der Anlage durchzuführen. Durch die erfindungsgemäße Berücksichtigung der Luftwechselrate n50 des Zielraumes kann in vorteilhafter Weise eine nochmals verbesserte Anpassung der Dimensionierung der Inertgasfeuerlöschanlage und des Inertisierungsverfahrens an den Zielraum erreicht werden.Particularly preferably, the regulation of the oxygen content takes place at the re-ignition prevention level, taking into account the air exchange rate of the target area, in particular taking into account the n 50 value of the target area, and / or the pressure difference between the target area and the surroundings. The air exchange rate refers to the ratio of the leakage volume flow in relation to the existing volume of the room at a pressure difference to the environment of 50 Pa. In other words, this means that the air exchange rate is a measure of the tightness of the target area and thus a decisive factor for dimensioning the inert gas fire extinguishing system. As the n 50 value increases, the leakage volume flow increases into or out of the measured target area. This increases the fresh air entries in the room and the inert gas losses from the room. Both lead to the fact that the inert gas fire extinguishing system must be configured with a greater capacity. The tightness of the respective target space limiting enclosure components is carried out by means of a so-called BlowerDoor measurement. It is intended to generate a standardized overpressure / negative pressure of 10 to 60 Pa in the target area. The air escapes through the leakage surfaces of the enclosing components to the outside or penetrates there. A corresponding measuring device measures the required volume flow to maintain the pressure difference of, for example, 50 Pa required for the measurement. After entering the associated values, an evaluation program calculates the n 50 value of the room, which refers to the generated pressure difference of 50 Pa in a standardized way. Such a BlowerDoor measurement must be carried out prior to the actual design of the inert gas fire extinguishing system or the inerting process, at the latest, however, before commissioning of the system. By the inventive consideration of the air exchange rate n 50 of the target area, a further improved adaptation of the dimensioning of the inert gas fire extinguishing system and the inerting process to the target area can be achieved in an advantageous manner.
Um zu erreichen, dass das Inertgasreservoir und/oder die Produktionsanlage optimal an den Zielraum ausgelegt werden können, erfolgt in bevorzugter Weise die Berechnung der Löschmittelmenge für das Absenken des Sauerstoffgehalts auf das Inertisierungsniveau und für das Halten des Sauerstoffgehalts auf dem Rückzündungsverhinderungsniveau unter Berücksichtigung der Luftwechselrate des Zielraumes, insbesondere unter Berücksichtigung des n50 - Wertes des Zielraums, und /oder der Druckdifferenz zwischen Zielraum und Umgebung.In order to achieve that the inert gas reservoir and / or the production plant can be optimally designed for the target area, the calculation of the extinguishing agent quantity for lowering the oxygen content to the inertization level and for maintaining the oxygen content at the re-ignition prevention level taking into account the air exchange rate of the Target area, in particular taking into account the n 50 - value of the target area, and / or the pressure difference between the target area and the environment.
In einer besonders bevorzugten Realisierung des erfindungsgemäßen Inertisierungsverfahrens, bei dem das Absenken des Sauerstoffgehalts durch Zufuhr eines Sauerstoff verdrängenden Gases in den Zielraum erfolgt, ist besonders bevorzugt eine Regelung der Zufuhr des Sauerstoff verdrängenden Gases unter Berücksichtigung des Luft/Gasdrucks im Zielraum vorgesehen. Demgemäss wird der Druck im Zielraum während der Flutung mit Inertgas bzw. mit dem Sauerstoff verdrängenden Gas gemessen, wobei so Sorge getragen wird, dass ein gewisser Raumdruck nicht überschritten wird. Dieses macht sich dann dadurch bemerkbar, dass die Steigung der Einschusskurve, d.h. die Steigung des Konzentrationsverlaufes des unmittelbar nach dem Auslösen der Inertgasfeuerlöschanlage in den Zielraum eingeleiteten Inertgases, an bestimmte Parameter des Zielraumes, wie etwa der Dichtigkeit und dem Volumen, angepasst wird. Um den Zielraum beim Fluten nicht aufzublasen, was einen erhöhten Verbrauch von Löschmittel zur Folge hätte, wird unter Umständen die Formgebung der Einschusskurve entsprechend flacher gehalten, so dass beispielsweise nicht bereits nach 60 Sekunden sondern erst kurze Zeit später, etwa 120 Sekunden oder 180 Sekunden, das Inertisierungsniveau erreicht wird. Durch die Regelung der Löschmittelzufuhr unter Berücksichtigung des Luft-/Gasdruckes im Zielraum kann insbesondere das erfindungsgemäße Inertisierungsverfahren auch bei Zielräumen eingesetzt werden, die keine festen Wände haben oder in die keine Druckentlastungsklappen oder ähnliche Einrichtungen eingebaut werden können.In a particularly preferred embodiment of the inerting process according to the invention, in which the lowering of the oxygen content is effected by supplying an oxygen-displacing gas into the target space, it is particularly preferable to regulate the supply of the oxygen-displacing gas taking into account the air / gas pressure in the target space. Accordingly, the pressure in the target space during the flooding with inert gas or with the oxygen-displacing gas is measured, whereby care is taken that a certain room pressure is not exceeded. This is then noticeable by the fact that the slope of the entry curve, i. the slope of the concentration curve of the inert gas introduced into the target space immediately after the triggering of the inert gas fire extinguishing system is adjusted to specific parameters of the target space, such as the tightness and the volume. In order not to inflate the target area during flooding, which would result in an increased consumption of extinguishing agent, the shaping of the weft curve may be kept correspondingly flatter, so that, for example, not after 60 seconds but only a short time later, about 120 seconds or 180 seconds, the inerting level is reached. By regulating the extinguishing agent supply taking into account the air / gas pressure in the target area, the inerting method according to the invention can be used in particular also in target areas which have no solid walls or in which no pressure relief flaps or similar devices can be installed.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Realisierung des erfindungsgemäßen Inertisierungsverfahrens, bei dem das Absenken des Sauerstoffgehalts durch Zufuhr eines Sauerstoff verdrängenden Gases in den Zielraum erfolgt, ist besonders bevorzugt eine Regelung der Zufuhr des Sauerstoff verdrängenden Gases in Abhängigkeit des aktuellen Sauerstoffgehalts bzw. der aktuellen Löschmittelkonzentration im Zielraum vorgesehen. Denkbar wäre beispielsweise hierbei, den Sauerstoffgehalt im Raum zu messen, wenn als Löschmittel Stickstoff dient. Wenn hingegen als Löschmittel CO2 zum Einsatz kommt, wird in bevorzugter Weise die CO2-Konzentration im Zielraum gemessen, um die Zufuhr des Sauerstoff verdrängenden Gases im Zielraum zu regeln.In a further preferred realization of the inerting process according to the invention, in which the lowering of the oxygen content takes place by supplying an oxygen-displacing gas into the target space, it is particularly preferable to regulate the supply of the oxygen-displacing gas as a function of the current oxygen content or the current extinguishing agent concentration provided in the target area. For example, it would be conceivable to measure the oxygen content in the room if nitrogen serves as the extinguishing agent. If, on the other hand, CO 2 is used as extinguishing agent, the CO 2 concentration in the target area is preferably measured in order to regulate the supply of oxygen-displacing gas in the target area.
Besonders bevorzugt ist in einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Inertisierungsverfahrens vorgesehen, dass der Sauerstoffgehalt in dem umschlossenen Raum innerhalb von 60 Sekunden oder weniger auf das bestimmte Inertisierungsniveau abgesenkt wird. Damit wird erreicht, dass die von dem VdS vorgeschriebenen Richtlinien für CO2-Feuerlöschanlagen erfüllt werden.In one embodiment of the inertization process according to the invention, it is particularly preferable for the oxygen content in the enclosed space to be lowered to the specific inertization level within 60 seconds or less. This ensures that the guidelines for CO 2 extinguishing systems prescribed by the VdS are met.
In einer anderen Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Inertisierungsverfahrens ist hingegen vorgesehen, dass die Zeit, in welcher der Sauerstoffgehalt in dem Zielraum auf das bestimmte Inertisierungsniveau abgesenkt wird, größer als 60 Sekunden beträgt. Dieses ist insbesondere dann von Vorteil, wenn die Flutung des Zielraumes mit Inertgas geregelt erfolgt, und insbesondere in Abhängigkeit des im Zielraum vorhandenen Druckes.In another embodiment of the inertization process according to the invention, however, it is provided that the time in which the oxygen content in the target space is lowered to the specific inerting level is greater than 60 seconds. This is particularly advantageous if the flooding of the target space is controlled with inert gas, and in particular depending on the existing pressure in the target area.
In einer möglichen Realisierung des erfindungsgemäßen Inertisierungsverfahren ist vorgesehen, dass der Sauerstoffgehalt im Zielraum durch Einleiten eines Sauerstoff verdrängenden Gases aus einem bereitgehaltenen Reservoir abgesenkt wird. Durch die Bereitstellung des Inertgases in einem Reservoir, wie etwa in entsprechenden Gasbehältern, kann ein rasches Einstellen des Inertisierungsniveaus in dem Zielraum erreicht werden. Als Sauerstoff verdrängende Gase kommen hier beispielsweise Kohlendioxid, Stickstoff, Edelgase und Gemische daraus in Frage, die in Stahlflaschen komprimiert oder die unkomprimiert in einem besonderen Inertgasreservoir (z.B. Zwischendecken) gelagert werden. Im Bedarfsfall wird dann das Gas über Rohrleitungssysteme und entsprechende Austrittsdüsen in den Zielraum geleitet. Der Vorteil der Absenkung des Sauerstoffgehalts im Zielraum durch das Einleiten eines Inertgases aus einem bereitgestellten Reservoir, in welchem das Inertgas in komprimierter Form vorliegt, ist insbesondere auch darin zu sehen, dass durch die Expansion des komprimierten Gases zusätzlich zu dem Effekt der Sauerstoffverdrängung auch ein sich positiv auf die Löschwirkung auswirkender Abkühlungseffekt erzielt wird, da dann die Expansionsentalphie des komprimiert gelagerten Sauerstoff verdrängenden Gases direkt der Umgebung und insbesondere dem Zielraum entzogen wird.In one possible implementation of the inertization process according to the invention, it is provided that the oxygen content in the target area is lowered by introducing an oxygen-displacing gas from a prepared reservoir. By providing the inert gas in a reservoir, such as in corresponding gas containers, a rapid adjustment of the inertization level in the target space can be achieved. For example, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, noble gases and mixtures thereof, which are compressed in steel bottles or stored in uncompressed form in a special inert gas reservoir (eg false ceilings), may be considered as oxygen-displacing gases. If necessary, then the gas is passed through piping systems and corresponding outlet nozzles in the target area. The advantage of lowering the oxygen content in the target space by introducing an inert gas from a reservoir provided, in which the inert gas is in compressed form, is in particular also to be seen in that by the expansion of the compressed gas in addition to the effect of oxygen displacement also a positive to the Extinguishing effect impacting cooling effect is achieved, since then the expansion of the compressed gas stored compressed oxygen displaced gas directly from the environment and in particular the target space is withdrawn.
In einer alternativen Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Inertisierungsverfahrens wird das sauerstoffverdrängende Gas mittels einer Produktionsanlage bereitgestellt. Hierbei wäre es auch alternativ denkbar, eine Maschine, wie etwa Brennstoffzellen, einzusetzen, die aus dem Zielraum Sauerstoff entzieht. Der Vorteil dieser Ausführungsform ist insbesondere darin zu sehen, dass hierbei auf spezielle Lagerräume für beispielsweise ein Reservoir bzw. Gasflaschen, in welchem das sauerstoffverdrängende Gas gelagert wird, verzichtet werden kann. Als mögliche Realisierung einer Produktionsanlage für sauerstoffverdrängendes Gas kommt beispielsweise ein Stickstoffgenerator in Frage, in welchem die in Druckluft enthaltenen Bestandteile so gespalten und abgeleitet werden, dass ein Stickstoffstrom gewonnen wird. Dieser besitzt einen sehr niedrigen Drucktaupunkt und eine festeingestellten Restsauerstoffgehalt, der kontinuierlich überwacht werden kann. Der über den Stickstoffgenerator gewonnene Stickstoffstrom wird über eine Rohrleitung dem Zielraum zugeführt, während die sauerstoffangereicherte Luft separat ins Freie abgeleitet wird. Der Vorteil einer derartigen Produktionsanlage ist insbesondere in ihrem relativ wartungsfreien Betrieb zu sehen. Selbstverständlich sind aber auch andere Verfahren zur Herstellung des Sauerstoff verdrängenden Gases denkbar.In an alternative embodiment of the inertization process according to the invention, the oxygen-displacing gas is provided by means of a production plant. In this case, it would also be conceivable to use a machine, such as fuel cells, which extracts oxygen from the target area. The advantage of this embodiment is to be seen in particular in that it can be dispensed with special storage rooms for example, a reservoir or gas cylinders, in which the oxygen-displacing gas is stored. As a possible realization of a production plant for oxygen-displacing gas, for example, a nitrogen generator in question, in which the components contained in compressed air are split and diverted so that a nitrogen flow is obtained. This has a very low pressure dew point and a fixed residual oxygen content, which can be continuously monitored. The nitrogen flow obtained via the nitrogen generator is fed via a pipeline to the target area, while the oxygen-enriched air is discharged separately into the open air. The advantage of such a production plant can be seen in particular in its relatively maintenance-free operation. Of course, other methods for producing the oxygen-displacing gas are also conceivable.
Schließlich ist in einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Inertisierungsverfahren vorgesehen, dass das Sauerstoff verdrängende Gas aus einem Reservoir bereitgestellt wird, um den Sauerstoffgehalt auf das bestimmte Inertisierungsniveau abzusenken, und das Sauerstoff verdrängende Gas aus einer Produktionsanlage bereitgestellt wird, um das Inertisierungsniveau auf dem Rückzündungsverhinderungsniveau zu halten. Hierbei wäre es jedoch ebenso denkbar, dass zur Absenkung des Sauerstoffgehalts auf das bestimmte Inertisierungsniveau benötigte, Sauerstoff verdrängende Gas und das zum Halten des Inertisierungsniveaus auf dem Rückzündungsverhinderungsniveau benötigte Gas aus einem Reservoir und/oder einer Produktionsanlage bereitgestellt wird.Finally, in a particularly advantageous embodiment of the inertization process of the invention, it is provided that the oxygen displacing gas is provided from a reservoir to lower the oxygen content to the particular inertization level and the oxygen displacing gas is provided from a production facility to increase the inertization level at the re-ignition prevention level hold. However, it would also be conceivable to provide the oxygen-displacing gas needed to lower the oxygen content to the particular inertization level and the gas needed to maintain the inertization level at the recirculation-prevention level from a reservoir and / or a production plant.
Im Folgenden werden bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele des erfindungsgemäßen Inertisierungsverfahrens zum Löschen eines Brandes in einem Zielraum anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert.In the following, preferred exemplary embodiments of the inerting method according to the invention for extinguishing a fire in a target area will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings.
Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- einen Flutungsverlauf in einem Zielraum bei einem Inertisierungsverfahren aus dem Stand der Technik;
- Fig. 2
- einen Flutungsverlauf in einem Zielraum bei einer ersten bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Inertisierungsverfahrens;
- Fig. 3
- einen Flutungsverlauf in einem Zielraum bei einer zweiten bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Inertisierungsverfahrens; und
- Fig. 4
- einen Flutungsverlauf in einem Zielraum bei einer dritten bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Inertisierungsverfahrens.
- Fig. 1
- a flooding course in a target space in a prior art inertization process;
- Fig. 2
- a flooding course in a target space in a first preferred embodiment of the inertization process according to the invention;
- Fig. 3
- a flooding course in a target space in a second preferred embodiment of the inertization process according to the invention; and
- Fig. 4
- a flooding course in a target area in a third preferred embodiment of the inertization process according to the invention.
Nach Erreichen der löschfähigen Konzentration (11,2 Vol.-%) beginnt die sogenannte Rückzündungsphase, in welcher keine weitere Einleitung von Inertgas in den Zielraum erfolgt. Die Rückzündungsphase ist in diesem Fall eine Zeitperiode von 600 Sekunden, in welcher die Sauerstoffkonzentration im Zielraum zu keiner Zeit das Rückzündungsverhinderungsniveau überschreitet.After reaching the extinguishable concentration (11.2 vol .-%) begins the so-called reignition phase in which no further introduction of inert gas takes place in the target area. The reignition phase in this case is a time period of 600 seconds in which the oxygen concentration in the target space never exceeds the re-ignition prevention level.
Wie dem Kurvenverlauf von
Beim Inertisierungsverfahren gemäß der ersten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung ist dann vorgesehen, dass bei Erreichen des oberen Schwellwertes erneut Inertgas in den Zielraum eingeleitet wird, um die Sauerstoffkonzentration wieder auf einen unteren Schwellwert des Regelbereiches abzusenken. Nach dem Erreichen des unteren Schwellwertes wird die Inertgaszufuhr in den Zielraum wieder angehalten. Somit wird das Inertisierungsniveau mit einem bestimmten Regelbereich auf dem Rückzündungsverhinderungsniveau iterativ gehalten.In the inertization method according to the first embodiment of the present invention, it is then provided that upon reaching the upper threshold value, inert gas is again introduced into the target space in order to lower the oxygen concentration again to a lower threshold value of the control range. After reaching the lower threshold, the inert gas is stopped in the target area again. Thus, the inerting level is iterated with a certain control range at the re-ignition prevention level.
Im vorliegenden Fall ist die obere Grenze des Regelbereiches von dem Inertisierungsniveau identisch mit dem Rückzündungsverhinderungsniveau von 13,8 Vol.-%. Die Amplitude des Sauerstoffgehalts im Regelbereich entspricht hierbei einer Höhe von 0,2 Vol.-%. Bei dem in der
Durch das erfindungsgemäße Halten des Inertisierungsniveaus aus dem Rückzündungsverhinderungsniveau wird erreicht, dass wesentlich weniger Löschmittel als bei einem herkömmlichen Inertisierungsverfahren benötigt wird.By maintaining the inertization level from the re-ignition prevention level according to the invention, it is achieved that substantially less extinguishing agent is required than in a conventional inertization process.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Inertisierungsverfahren ist es ferner möglich, die Regelung des Sauerstoffgehalts auf dem Rückzündungsverhinderungsniveau unter Berücksichtigung der Luftwechselrate n50 des Zielraumes durchzuführen. Wie der
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren setzt die permanente Überwachung des Sauerstoffgehaltes im Zielraum voraus. Hierzu wird über entsprechende Sensoren permanent die Sauerstoffkonzentration bzw. die Inertgaskonzentration im Zielraum ermittelt und einer Steuerung der Inertgasfeuerlöschanlage zugeführt, die in Erwiderung hierauf die Löschmittelzufuhr in den Zielraum steuert.The inventive method requires the permanent monitoring of the oxygen content in the target area. For this purpose, the oxygen concentration or the inert gas concentration in the target area is permanently determined via appropriate sensors and fed to a controller of the inert gas fire extinguishing system, which in response controls the extinguishing agent supply to the target area.
Selbstverständlich ist es auch möglich, das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren in einem mehrstufigen Inertisierungsverfahren einzusetzen. Dabei ist denkbar, das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren entweder bei einer einzelnen Stufe oder bei allen Stufen des mehrstufigen Inertisierungsverfahrens einzusetzen.Of course, it is also possible to use the process according to the invention in a multistage inerting process. It is conceivable to use the process according to the invention either in a single stage or in all stages of the multi-stage inerting process.
Claims (10)
- Inerting method for extinguishing a fire in an enclosed target room, in which the oxygen content in the enclosed room is reduced to a particular inerting level within a predetermined time (x),
characterized in that
the inerting level is kept in a particular control range by regulated introduction of a gas that displaces oxygen into the target room, the upper threshold value of the control range being less than or at most equal to the reignition prevention level (R). - Inerting method according to Claim 1,
characterized in that
the oxygen content is regulated in the control range by regulated introduction of the gas that displaces oxygen while taking into account the air exchange rate of the target room, in particular the n50 value of the target room, and/or the pressure difference between the target room and the environment. - Inerting method according to Claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that
the amount of extinguishing agent for reducing the oxygen content to the inerting level and for keeping the oxygen content in the control range is calculated while taking into account the air exchange rate of the target room, in particular the n50 value of the target room, and/or the pressure difference between the target room and the environment. - Inerting method according to one of the preceding claims, in which the oxygen content is reduced by delivering a gas that displaces oxygen into the target room,
characterized by
regulation of the delivery of the gas that displaces oxygen while taking the air/gas pressure in the target room into account. - Inerting method according to one of the preceding claims, in which the oxygen content is reduced by delivering a gas that displaces oxygen into the target room,
characterized by
regulation of the delivery of the gas that displaces oxygen as a function of the current oxygen content or the current extinguishing agent concentration in the target room. - Inerting method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the time (x) is 60 seconds or less. - Inerting method according to one of Claims 1 to 5,
characterized in that
the time (x) is more than 60 seconds. - Inerting method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the oxygen content in the target room is reduced by introducing a gas that displaces oxygen from a reservoir which is provided. - Inerting method according to one of Claims 1 to 7, in which the gas that displaces oxygen is provided by means of a production system.
- Inerting method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the gas that displaces oxygen is provided from a reservoir in order to reduce the oxygen content to the particular inerting level, and the gas that displaces oxygen is provided from a production system in order to keep the inerting level in the control range.
Priority Applications (17)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE50312624T DE50312624D1 (en) | 2003-12-29 | 2003-12-29 | Inerting method for extinguishing a fire |
AT03029928T ATE464104T1 (en) | 2003-12-29 | 2003-12-29 | INERTIZATION METHOD FOR EXTINGUISHING A FIRE |
SI200331794T SI1550482T1 (en) | 2003-12-29 | 2003-12-29 | Inerting method for extinguishing fires |
EP03029928A EP1550482B1 (en) | 2003-12-29 | 2003-12-29 | Inerting method for extinguishing fires |
DK03029928.3T DK1550482T3 (en) | 2003-12-29 | 2003-12-29 | Inertization method for extinguishing a fire |
ES03029928T ES2340576T3 (en) | 2003-12-29 | 2003-12-29 | INERTIZATION PROCEDURE TO EXTINGUISH A FIRE. |
TW093139927A TWI340656B (en) | 2003-12-29 | 2004-12-22 | Inerting method for extinguishing a fire |
CA2551232A CA2551232C (en) | 2003-12-29 | 2004-12-29 | Inerting method and device for extinguishing a fire |
CN2004800366455A CN1890000B (en) | 2003-12-29 | 2004-12-29 | Inerting method and device for extinguishing fires |
AU2004308691A AU2004308691B2 (en) | 2003-12-29 | 2004-12-29 | Inerting method and device for extinguishing a fire |
JP2006546133A JP2007516759A (en) | 2003-12-29 | 2004-12-29 | Deactivation method and apparatus for fire fighting |
US10/584,117 US9220937B2 (en) | 2003-12-29 | 2004-12-29 | Inerting method and device for extinguishing a fire |
PCT/EP2004/014903 WO2005063338A1 (en) | 2003-12-29 | 2004-12-29 | Inerting method and device for extinguishing a fire |
UAA200606994A UA86044C2 (en) | 2003-12-29 | 2004-12-29 | Inerting method and fire-extinguishing device |
RU2006123041/12A RU2317835C1 (en) | 2003-12-29 | 2004-12-29 | Method to provide fire-inert medium and fire-extinguishing device |
HK05108474.3A HK1076416A1 (en) | 2003-12-29 | 2005-09-26 | Inerting method for extinguishing fires |
NO20063301A NO20063301L (en) | 2003-12-29 | 2006-07-17 | Inertialization method and apparatus for extinguishing a fire |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP03029928A EP1550482B1 (en) | 2003-12-29 | 2003-12-29 | Inerting method for extinguishing fires |
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EP1550482B1 true EP1550482B1 (en) | 2010-04-14 |
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US (1) | US9220937B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1550482B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2007516759A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1890000B (en) |
AT (1) | ATE464104T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2004308691B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2551232C (en) |
DE (1) | DE50312624D1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK1550482T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2340576T3 (en) |
HK (1) | HK1076416A1 (en) |
NO (1) | NO20063301L (en) |
RU (1) | RU2317835C1 (en) |
SI (1) | SI1550482T1 (en) |
TW (1) | TWI340656B (en) |
UA (1) | UA86044C2 (en) |
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DE102005053694B3 (en) * | 2005-11-10 | 2007-01-04 | Airbus Deutschland Gmbh | Fuel cell for extinguishing aircraft fires has air and fuel used to produce nitrogen discharge at cathode to suppress fire |
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SI1911498T1 (en) * | 2006-10-11 | 2009-04-30 | Amrona Ag | Multi-stage inerting method for preventing and extinguishing fires is enclosed spaces |
EP2136148B1 (en) * | 2008-06-18 | 2010-08-11 | Amrona AG | Device and method for setting the leak rate through the sealing gaps of a rotary heat exchanger |
PL2204219T3 (en) * | 2008-12-12 | 2011-07-29 | Amrona Ag | Inertisation method to prevent and/or extinguish fires and inertisation system to implement the method |
RU2482278C2 (en) * | 2011-03-16 | 2013-05-20 | Государственное общеобразовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Национальный исследовательский Томский политехнический университет" | Method for fire fighting in mines |
DE102012002131B4 (en) * | 2012-02-03 | 2021-07-29 | Airbus Operations Gmbh | Emergency supply system for a means of transport, method for providing electrical power and for suppressing fire and means of transport with an emergency supply system |
FR2987822B1 (en) * | 2012-03-12 | 2014-04-11 | Air Liquide | INERTING DEVICE, TANK AND AIRCRAFT PROVIDED WITH SUCH A DEVICE AND CORRESPONDING METHOD |
PT3141287T (en) | 2012-10-29 | 2022-12-05 | Amrona Ag | Method and device for determining and/or monitoring the air permeability of an enclosed space |
RU2549055C1 (en) * | 2014-03-06 | 2015-04-20 | Открытое акционерное общество "Ассоциация разработчиков и производителей систем мониторинга" | Method of fire prevention in pressurised inhabited facilities, primarily submarines, and device for its implementation |
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CN114019103B (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2024-10-29 | 浙江工商职业技术学院 | Method and device for adjusting oxygen content of chemical process gas and electronic equipment |
CN114733105B (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2022-12-02 | 中国安全生产科学研究院 | Method for calculating nitrogen injection amount for fire prevention of limited space |
CN115518320B (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2023-06-30 | 米凯利科技(北京)有限公司 | Carbon dioxide inerting system and fire extinguishing integrated system |
CN115591155A (en) * | 2022-11-03 | 2023-01-13 | 上海穗杉实业股份有限公司(Cn) | Nitrogen injection and oxygen control environment-controlled fire protection system and method for reducing nitrogen injection time |
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US9220937B2 (en) | 2015-12-29 |
ES2340576T3 (en) | 2010-06-07 |
EP1550482A1 (en) | 2005-07-06 |
TW200531718A (en) | 2005-10-01 |
UA86044C2 (en) | 2009-03-25 |
WO2005063338A1 (en) | 2005-07-14 |
JP2007516759A (en) | 2007-06-28 |
AU2004308691A1 (en) | 2005-07-14 |
SI1550482T1 (en) | 2010-06-30 |
CA2551232A1 (en) | 2005-07-14 |
TWI340656B (en) | 2011-04-21 |
DK1550482T3 (en) | 2010-05-25 |
CN1890000A (en) | 2007-01-03 |
CN1890000B (en) | 2011-01-12 |
RU2317835C1 (en) | 2008-02-27 |
CA2551232C (en) | 2011-09-27 |
US20090126949A1 (en) | 2009-05-21 |
ATE464104T1 (en) | 2010-04-15 |
DE50312624D1 (en) | 2010-05-27 |
HK1076416A1 (en) | 2006-01-20 |
AU2004308691B2 (en) | 2010-12-16 |
NO20063301L (en) | 2006-09-28 |
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