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EP1540200A2 - Air spring elliptical piston - Google Patents

Air spring elliptical piston

Info

Publication number
EP1540200A2
EP1540200A2 EP03759325A EP03759325A EP1540200A2 EP 1540200 A2 EP1540200 A2 EP 1540200A2 EP 03759325 A EP03759325 A EP 03759325A EP 03759325 A EP03759325 A EP 03759325A EP 1540200 A2 EP1540200 A2 EP 1540200A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
air spring
sleeve
stress distribution
elliptical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03759325A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Michael L. Crabtree
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Freudenberg NOK GP
Original Assignee
Freudenberg NOK GP
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Freudenberg NOK GP filed Critical Freudenberg NOK GP
Publication of EP1540200A2 publication Critical patent/EP1540200A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/02—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum
    • F16F9/04—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum in a chamber with a flexible wall
    • F16F9/05—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum in a chamber with a flexible wall the flexible wall being of the rolling diaphragm type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/02—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum
    • F16F9/04—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum in a chamber with a flexible wall
    • F16F9/05—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum in a chamber with a flexible wall the flexible wall being of the rolling diaphragm type
    • F16F9/057—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum in a chamber with a flexible wall the flexible wall being of the rolling diaphragm type characterised by the piston

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an air spring and more particularly, to an air spring having a piston with an elliptical outer surface to cause a uniform stress distribution in an air spring sleeve.
  • a stress along the x axis of the spring is different than a stress in the y axis.
  • greater end cap tilt angles for greater side load compensation result in higher non-uniform stress distribution and lower durability.
  • the durability of the air spring sleeve is reduced by the elliptical or non-unifqrm stress distribution. The more non-uniform the stress distribution, the more durability is reduced. Representative of the art is U.S. patent no. 5752692
  • the prior art air spring causes an elliptical, non- uniform stress distribution in the sleeve which shortens an operating life.
  • the primary aspect of the invention is to provide a side-load compensating air spring piston having an elliptical cross-section.
  • Another aspect of the invention is to provide a side-load compensating air spring having a sleeve with a substantially uniform stress distribution in a rolling lobe .
  • the invention comprises a side load compensating air spring piston having an elliptical cross-section.
  • the side load compensating air spring comprises an air spring sleeve forming a chamber and having a rolling lobe. One end of the sleeve is attached to a tilted end cap for side load compensation. The other end of the sleeve has a rolling lobe engaged with a piston elliptical outer surface.
  • the piston elliptical outer surface is disposed at a 90° angle to an elliptical stress distribution in the sleeve, thereby rendering the stress distribution uniform in the sleeve rolling lobe portion as it rolls on the piston.
  • Fig. la is a cross-sectional view of a prior art air spring.
  • Fig. lb is a plan view of a prior art piston cross- section.
  • Fig. lc is a plan view of a prior art air spring sleeve stress distribution.
  • Fig. 2a is a cross-sectional view of an inventive piston.
  • Fig. 2b is a plan view of an inventive piston cross- section B-B, and sleeve uniform stress distribution.
  • Fig. 2c is a plan view of a sleeve elliptical stress distribution.
  • Fig. la is a cross-sectional view of a prior art air spring.
  • Air spring 100 comprises flexible sleeve 10.
  • Sleeve 10 is air tight and forms a chamber that is attached at one end to a tilted end cap 11.
  • Sleeve 10 is attached to the end cap by crimp ring 110 or other suitable means known in the art.
  • End cap 11 is round in plan.
  • End cap 11 is tilted by angle ⁇ to compensate for a side load imposed upon the air spring.
  • Angle ⁇ is the angle between an end cap plane and a normal to a piston major axis A-A.
  • Sleeve 10 is constructed of elastomeric materials and in a manner known in the art.
  • Sleeve 10 also comprises cords wound helically within the elastomeric material. A helix angle of the helically wound cord need not be limited to a particular range in order to achieve the benefits of the
  • the other end 13 of the sleeve 10 is attached to a piston 20.
  • Sleeve 10 is attached to the piston by crimp ring or other suitable means known in the art.
  • sleeve 10 forms a rolling lobe 15 on an outer surface 16 of piston 20. Rolling lobe 15 rolls along a length of outer surface 16 of piston 20 during operation of the air spring.
  • Fig. lb is a plan view of a prior art piston cross- section.
  • Outer surface 16 has a circular cross-section. Since end cap 11 is tilted and therefore not parallel to a piston plane that is normal to a major axis, sleeve 10 has a substantially elliptical stress distribution 17. The elliptical stress distribution can manifest as wrinkles appearing on the sleeve during compression strokes which reduce an operating life.
  • Fig. lc is a plan view of a prior art air spring sleeve stress distribution.
  • Fig. 2a is a cross-sectional view of an inventive piston.
  • Piston 140 comprises outer surface 160.
  • the other components are as described in Fig. la.
  • Outer surface 160 describes a substantially elliptical shape when viewed along an axis A-A.
  • Outer surface 160 may be an integral part of piston 140.
  • Outer surface 160 may also comprise an outer shroud 161 that is attached to piston 140.
  • Fig. 2a depicts an outer shroud 161 having an elliptical outer surface 160.
  • Sleeve 10 has an elliptical stress distribution due to the tilted end cap 11 as described elsewhere herein.
  • Fig. 2c is a plan view of a sleeve elliptical stress distribution.
  • the sleeve elliptical stress distribution has a major axis on the y-axis and a minor axis on the x- axis .
  • Fig. 2b is a plan view of an inventive piston cross- section B-B, and sleeve uniform stress distribution.
  • the elliptical cross-section of outer surface 160 is rotated approximately 90° to the orientation of the elliptical stress distribution in the sleeve. Namely, the outer surface 160 has a major axis on the x-axis and the minor axis on the y-axis.
  • the elliptical stress distribution in sleeve 10 becomes substantially uniform or in the instant case, substantially circular 170.
  • the uniform substantially circular stress distribution 170 in sleeve 10 significantly increases the durability of the sleeve.
  • the stress distribution may have a form other than circular and yet remain uniform.
  • a ratio between the major axis length and the minor axis length of outer surface 160 is selected in order to establish a substantially uniform, or in the instant example circular, stress distribution in sleeve 10.
  • the ratio of the lengths of the major axis and minor axis is dependent upon the degree of side load compensation, namely end cap tilt ⁇ .
  • a tilt angle ⁇ of the end cap is zero and the ratio is 1.0 - a circle.
  • the ratio is approximately 1.2.
  • a side-load compensating air spring sleeve was tested on an elliptical air spring piston having a ratio of approximately 1.08.
  • the operating life of the tested sleeve was approximately five (5) times longer than the operating life of an identical sleeve mounted on a piston having a circular cross section.
  • the end cap tilt angle ⁇ was approximately seven (7) degrees.
  • Ratios for the inventive air spring piston are in the range of approximately 1.0 to 1.5 for end cap tilt angles ⁇ in a range of approximately 0° to 20°.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)

Abstract

A side load compensating air spring piston (20) having an elliptical cross-section. The side load compensating air spring (100) comprises an air spring sleeve (10) forming a chamber and having a rolling lobe (15). One end of the sleeve is attached to a tilted end cap (11) for side load compensation. The other end of the sleeve has a rolling lobe engaged with a piston elliptical outer surface. The piston elliptical outer surface is disposed at a 90° angle to an elliptical stress distribution in the sleeve, thereby rendering the stress distribution uniform in the sleeve rolling lobe portion as it rolls on the piston.

Description

Title Air Spring Elliptical Piston
Field of the Invention The invention relates to an air spring and more particularly, to an air spring having a piston with an elliptical outer surface to cause a uniform stress distribution in an air spring sleeve.
Background of the Invention Compression and extension of a rolling lobe air spring causes fatiguing damage to the air spring sleeve. The damage accumulates over the life of the air spring until failure of the sleeve occurs. The distribution of stress in the sleeve is an important factor in the durability of the sleeve. When the stress is uniform around the circumference of the sleeve in the rolling lobe, the durability is maximized. Side load compensating air springs utilize tilting the end cap of the air spring with respect to the axis of the piston/strut. This causes the stress distribution of the sleeve to become elliptical. This is a non-uniform stress distribution in comparison to the uniform stress distribution. More particularly, a stress along the x axis of the spring is different than a stress in the y axis. Further, greater end cap tilt angles for greater side load compensation result in higher non-uniform stress distribution and lower durability. The durability of the air spring sleeve is reduced by the elliptical or non-unifqrm stress distribution. The more non-uniform the stress distribution, the more durability is reduced. Representative of the art is U.S. patent no. 5752692
(1998) to Crabtree et al . which discloses a chamber portion attached to a tilted closure and a rolling lobe portion of an airsleeve attached to a piston that is transversely mounted.
The prior art air spring causes an elliptical, non- uniform stress distribution in the sleeve which shortens an operating life.
What is needed is a side-load compensating air spring piston having an elliptical cross-section. What is needed is a side-load compensating air spring having a sleeve with a substantially uniform stress distribution in a rolling lobe. The present invention meets this need.
Summary of the Invention The primary aspect of the invention is to provide a side-load compensating air spring piston having an elliptical cross-section. Another aspect of the invention is to provide a side-load compensating air spring having a sleeve with a substantially uniform stress distribution in a rolling lobe .
Other aspects of the invention will be pointed out or made obvious by the following description of the invention and the accompanying drawings.
The invention comprises a side load compensating air spring piston having an elliptical cross-section. The side load compensating air spring comprises an air spring sleeve forming a chamber and having a rolling lobe. One end of the sleeve is attached to a tilted end cap for side load compensation. The other end of the sleeve has a rolling lobe engaged with a piston elliptical outer surface. The piston elliptical outer surface is disposed at a 90° angle to an elliptical stress distribution in the sleeve, thereby rendering the stress distribution uniform in the sleeve rolling lobe portion as it rolls on the piston.
Brief Description of the Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form a part of the specification, illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention, and together with a description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
Fig. la is a cross-sectional view of a prior art air spring.
Fig. lb is a plan view of a prior art piston cross- section.
Fig. lc is a plan view of a prior art air spring sleeve stress distribution.
Fig. 2a is a cross-sectional view of an inventive piston. Fig. 2b is a plan view of an inventive piston cross- section B-B, and sleeve uniform stress distribution.
Fig. 2c is a plan view of a sleeve elliptical stress distribution.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment
Fig. la is a cross-sectional view of a prior art air spring. Air spring 100 comprises flexible sleeve 10. Sleeve 10 is air tight and forms a chamber that is attached at one end to a tilted end cap 11. Sleeve 10 is attached to the end cap by crimp ring 110 or other suitable means known in the art. End cap 11 is round in plan. End cap 11 is tilted by angle θ to compensate for a side load imposed upon the air spring. Angle θ is the angle between an end cap plane and a normal to a piston major axis A-A. Fasteners 12, such as threaded screws, attach the air spring to a mounting bracket (not shown) . Sleeve 10 is constructed of elastomeric materials and in a manner known in the art. Sleeve 10 also comprises cords wound helically within the elastomeric material. A helix angle of the helically wound cord need not be limited to a particular range in order to achieve the benefits of the instant invention.
The other end 13 of the sleeve 10 is attached to a piston 20. Sleeve 10 is attached to the piston by crimp ring or other suitable means known in the art. As piston 20 compresses and rebounds, sleeve 10 forms a rolling lobe 15 on an outer surface 16 of piston 20. Rolling lobe 15 rolls along a length of outer surface 16 of piston 20 during operation of the air spring.
Fig. lb is a plan view of a prior art piston cross- section. Outer surface 16 has a circular cross-section. Since end cap 11 is tilted and therefore not parallel to a piston plane that is normal to a major axis, sleeve 10 has a substantially elliptical stress distribution 17. The elliptical stress distribution can manifest as wrinkles appearing on the sleeve during compression strokes which reduce an operating life.
Fig. lc is a plan view of a prior art air spring sleeve stress distribution.
Fig. 2a is a cross-sectional view of an inventive piston. Piston 140 comprises outer surface 160. The other components are as described in Fig. la. Outer surface 160 describes a substantially elliptical shape when viewed along an axis A-A. Outer surface 160 may be an integral part of piston 140. Outer surface 160 may also comprise an outer shroud 161 that is attached to piston 140. Fig. 2a depicts an outer shroud 161 having an elliptical outer surface 160. Sleeve 10 has an elliptical stress distribution due to the tilted end cap 11 as described elsewhere herein. Fig. 2c is a plan view of a sleeve elliptical stress distribution. The sleeve elliptical stress distribution has a major axis on the y-axis and a minor axis on the x- axis .
Fig. 2b is a plan view of an inventive piston cross- section B-B, and sleeve uniform stress distribution. The elliptical cross-section of outer surface 160 is rotated approximately 90° to the orientation of the elliptical stress distribution in the sleeve. Namely, the outer surface 160 has a major axis on the x-axis and the minor axis on the y-axis. As rolling lobe 15 is formed upon and rolls on outer surface 160, the elliptical stress distribution in sleeve 10 becomes substantially uniform or in the instant case, substantially circular 170. The uniform substantially circular stress distribution 170 in sleeve 10 significantly increases the durability of the sleeve. One can appreciate that the stress distribution may have a form other than circular and yet remain uniform.
A ratio between the major axis length and the minor axis length of outer surface 160 is selected in order to establish a substantially uniform, or in the instant example circular, stress distribution in sleeve 10. The ratio of the lengths of the major axis and minor axis is dependent upon the degree of side load compensation, namely end cap tilt θ. In a non-side load compensated air spring, a tilt angle θ of the end cap is zero and the ratio is 1.0 - a circle. In the case of a side-load compensating air spring having an end cap tilt angle of approximately 12 degrees, the ratio is approximately 1.2.
By way of example and not of limitation, in a test a side-load compensating air spring sleeve was tested on an elliptical air spring piston having a ratio of approximately 1.08. The operating life of the tested sleeve was approximately five (5) times longer than the operating life of an identical sleeve mounted on a piston having a circular cross section. In this example, the end cap tilt angle θ was approximately seven (7) degrees.
Ratios for the inventive air spring piston are in the range of approximately 1.0 to 1.5 for end cap tilt angles θ in a range of approximately 0° to 20°. One can appreciate that the relationship between the ratio and the end cap tilt is not in all cases linear.
• Although a single form of the invention has been described herein, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that variations may be made in the construction and relation of parts without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention described herein.

Claims

Claims I claim: '1. An air spring comprising: a flexible sleeve having one end attached to an end member and the other end attached to a piston; the piston having an outer surface having an elliptical cross-section; and the flexible sleeve forming a rolling lobe cooperatively engaged with the outer surface.
2. The air spring as in claim 1, wherein the end member is tilted with respect to a piston major axis.
3. The air spring as in claim 1 wherein the outer surface has a ratio in the range of approximately 1.0 to 1.5.
4. The air spring as in claim 1, wherein a major axis of a flexible sleeve elliptical stress distribution is disposed at approximately 90° to a major axis of the outer surface elliptical cross-section.
5. The air spring as in claim 4, wherein the flexible sleeve is engaged with the piston outer surface such that the flexible sleeve comprises a substantially circular stress distribution.
6. An air spring comprising: a flexible sleeve having one end attached to an end member and the other end attached to a piston; the piston having an outer surface having an elliptical cross-section; the flexible sleeve forming a rolling lobe cooperatively engaged with the outer surface; and a major axis of a sleeve elliptical stress distribution is disposed at approximately 90° to a major axis of the outer surface elliptical cross-section.
7. The air spring as in claim 6, wherein the end member is tilted with respect to a piston major axis.
8. The air spring as in claim 6 wherein the outer surface has a ratio in the range of approximately 1.0 to 1.5.
9. The air spring as in claim 6, wherein the flexible sleeve is engaged with the piston outer surface such that the rolling lobe comprises a substantially circular stress distribution.
10. An air spring comprising: a flexible sleeve having one end attached to an end member and the other end attached to a piston, the end attached to the piston describing a rolling lobe; the piston having an outer surface having an elliptical cross-section; and the rolling lobe cooperatively engaged with the outer surface; and the flexible sleeve comprises a substantially circular stress distribution.
11. The air spring as in claim 10, wherein the end member is tilted with respect to a piston major axis.
12. The air spring as in claim 10 wherein the outer surface has a ratio in the range of approximately 1.0 to 1.5.
13. An air spring comprising: a flexible sleeve having one end attached to an end member and the other end attached to a piston; the piston having an outer surface having an elliptical cross-section; and a major axis of a sleeve elliptical stress distribution is disposed at approximately 90° to a major axis of the outer surface elliptical cross-section.
14. The air spring as in claim 13, wherein the end member is tilted with respect to a piston major axis.
15. The air spring as in claim 13 wherein the outer surface has a ratio in the range of approximately 1.0 to 1.5.
16. An air spring comprising: a flexible sleeve having one end attached to an end member and the other end attached to a piston; the piston having an outer surface having an elliptical cross-section; and the flexible sleeve is engaged with the piston outer surface such that the flexible sleeve comprises a substantially uniform stress distribution.
17. The air spring as in claim 16, wherein the end member is tilted with respect to a piston major axis.
18. The air spring as in claim 16 wherein the outer surface has a ratio in the range of approximately 1.0 to 1.5.
19. The air spring as in claim 16, wherein a major axis of a flexible sleeve elliptical stress distribution is
10 disposed at approximately 90° to a major axis of the outer surface elliptical cross-section.
20. An air spring comprising: a flexible sleeve having one end attached to an end member and the other end attached to a piston; and the piston having an outer surface having an elliptical cross-section.
21. The air spring as in claim 20, wherein the end member is tilted with respect to a piston major axis.
22. The air spring as in claim 20 wherein the outer surface has a ratio in the range of approximately 1.0 to 1.5.
23. The air spring as in claim 20, wherein a major axis of a flexible sleeve elliptical stress distribution is disposed at approximately 90° to a major axis of the outer surface elliptical cross-section.
24. The air spring as in claim 20, wherein the flexible sleeve is engaged with the piston outer surface such that the flexible sleeve comprises a substantially circular stress distribution.
11
EP03759325A 2002-09-20 2003-09-17 Air spring elliptical piston Withdrawn EP1540200A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US41247202P 2002-09-20 2002-09-20
US412472P 2002-09-20
PCT/US2003/029616 WO2004027283A2 (en) 2002-09-20 2003-09-17 Air spring elliptical piston

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1540200A2 true EP1540200A2 (en) 2005-06-15

Family

ID=32030878

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03759325A Withdrawn EP1540200A2 (en) 2002-09-20 2003-09-17 Air spring elliptical piston

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1540200A2 (en)
JP (1) JP2006500525A (en)
KR (1) KR20050084569A (en)
AU (1) AU2003275059A1 (en)
BR (1) BR0314621A (en)
CA (1) CA2498715A1 (en)
TW (1) TWI225128B (en)
WO (1) WO2004027283A2 (en)

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1150889B (en) * 1958-04-16 1963-06-27 Continental Gummi Werke Ag Connection of an air spring bellows open at its ends to its fastening body, especially for air suspension systems in vehicles
JPS56143832A (en) * 1980-04-11 1981-11-09 Bridgestone Corp Air cushion
US5129634A (en) * 1986-09-02 1992-07-14 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Airspring with partial restraining sleeve
JP2662218B2 (en) * 1987-04-03 1997-10-08 株式会社ブリヂストン Air spring
US5180144A (en) * 1991-09-03 1993-01-19 General Motors Corporation Air spring module for a damper
CA2065946A1 (en) * 1992-01-22 1993-07-23 James Klassen Constant force gas spring
DE19642024B4 (en) * 1996-10-11 2006-02-09 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Rolling bellows gas spring with an outer support part
US5752692A (en) 1997-01-06 1998-05-19 The Gates Corporation Side load compensating airspring strut
DE10024983C1 (en) * 2000-05-19 2001-10-31 Mannesmann Sachs Ag Pneumatic strut with transverse force compensation has pneumatic spring axis coinciding with axis of vibration damper

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2004027283A2 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2003275059A8 (en) 2004-04-08
BR0314621A (en) 2005-07-26
KR20050084569A (en) 2005-08-26
AU2003275059A1 (en) 2004-04-08
WO2004027283A2 (en) 2004-04-01
WO2004027283A3 (en) 2004-05-21
JP2006500525A (en) 2006-01-05
TW200406551A (en) 2004-05-01
CA2498715A1 (en) 2004-04-01
TWI225128B (en) 2004-12-11

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