EP1426541A1 - Method of glueing glass panels - Google Patents

Abstract

Process for joining window panes (1) to a frame (3) having sealing lips (2) comprises contacting the pane with a sealing lip, introducing an adhesive (6) through at least one opening in the frame into a hollow chamber defined by at least the sealing lip and the pane, and hardening the adhesive. Independent claims are also included for: (1) Object produced by the above process, i.e. a window or door, especially a folding window or door; and (2) Adhesive used in the production of the above object and consisting of a 2-component (meth)acrylate adhesive. Preferred Features: The frame is made of wood or lacquered wood. The pane is an insulating glass pane.

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to the bonding of panes. Gluing Slices is a very important area and is becoming increasingly automated. Around To ensure industrial production, it is important that the bond done reliably and quickly.

State of the art

Disks have long been used in the automotive industry with 1-component Polyurethane adhesives glued to the body by applied a bead of adhesive to the body using a robot and then the pane is pressed onto it.

Windows are also increasingly glued in window construction. On the one hand the adhesive is applied to one of the panels before the pane and frame are joined Joining partner applied and then joined. This is for example in EP 1 106 770. Instead of a reactive adhesive is common also used an adhesive tape.

On the other hand, in window construction, the pane is often made using wedges or Blocking elements fixed to the frame and then glued, by filling the open joint between the frame and the pane with adhesive becomes.

EP 0 937 856 describes glued windows before they are manufactured assembling a polyurethane adhesive as a bead on one leg between two strips of double-sided tape is attached. However, this procedure is only suitable for slow-curing adhesives.

The precise fitting of a pane, especially with larger ones Washers is very critical since lateral and vertical positioning errors occur can. Furthermore, an adhesive is used for fast industrial production short pot life desired. By first applying the adhesive to one of the is applied to both joining partners and then the pane is joined, the problem arises that the adhesive is already in at the end of its pot life Contact with the second joining partner, causing liability problems and Leaks result. Therefore, a correction is wrong Joint position almost impossible, especially with fast adhesives.

Due to aesthetic aspects, designers and Architects often requested that the pane be flush with the frame or other disc elements. Such an arrangement is known to the person skilled in the art known under the term "flush glazing" and can be constructed by such they are described for example in DE 41 12 826 can be achieved. A However, bonding the inside of a pane to the frame requires that the adhesive has sufficiently high mechanical properties and good Must have liability that must be maintained in the long term and not may be reduced by environmental influences.

Comprehensive due to the lack of coverage by the pane Frame parts, the bond point is visible from the outside. That's why it is it is important that the bond is homogeneous and clearly delimited.

To overcome these difficulties, often on the glass a glass ceramic layer is applied in the bonding area. The usage of such glass ceramic layers, however, increases the cost of the panes and therefore the pane composite massive.

With normal gluing, the adhesive is applied to the frame, for example in the form of a triangular bead, applied and then pressed. Here the height of the adhesive bead is like this dimensioned that it is significantly higher than the distance to be glued between frame and pane. When pressing, the excess adhesive is displaced to the side. The amount of applied adhesive varies a lot, especially with manual application strong. Therefore, in order to ensure a complete bond, it is used for safety reasons a larger amount of adhesive than theoretically necessary.

The use of wood as a renewable raw material for industrial Manufacture of consumer goods and structures has been the subject for many years Research and expertise at the Swiss university for the Timber industry, SH Biel. Wood as a traditional material became the last Century largely replaced by the use of metal and plastics. Due to increasing environmental awareness and acceptance in the Society, however, can be a trend of returning to use of wood. However, to meet the increased demands of the market must, however, depend on the sole application of the traditional wood manufacturing technology should be avoided. The Combining traditional wood manufacturing technology with new technologies, like the adhesive technology, allows windows with higher requirements to develop. So far, wooden windows have not been industrial to a large extent manufactured using adhesive technology. Due to the properties of the Due to the material wood, there are also special requirements for the adhesive as well as its durability.

The gluing of wood is extremely critical, however, because the long-term Adhesion, especially due to environmental influences such as UV light and moisture is often inadequate and therefore a long-term non-positive Bonding is questioned.

Presentation of the invention

The object of the present invention was to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art to overcome the technology and a method for gluing panes to provide with frames in which a visible aesthetic perfect gluing and rapid industrial production allowed.

Surprisingly, as part of a development project by the inventors of Sika Schweiz AG and the Swiss company University of Applied Sciences for Wood, SH Biel jointly found that a Method according to claim 1 allows the solution of the problem described.

Brief description of the drawing

Exemplary embodiments are described below with reference to the drawings the invention explained in more detail. The same elements are in the different Figures with the same reference numerals. The flow direction of the Media is indicated with arrows.

Fig. 1

einen Teilquerschnitt der Anordnung Scheibe/Dichtungslippe/Rahmen vor dem Einpressen des Klebstoffes;

Fig. 2

einen Teilquerschnitt der Anordnung Scheibe/Dichtungslippe/Rahmen nach dem Einpressen des Klebstoffes;

Fig. 3

einen Teilquerschnitt durch verschiedene Formen von Dichtungslippen;

Fig. 4

einen Teilquerschnitt durch verschiedene Formen von Scheibenverklebungen;

Fig. 5

einen Teilquerschnitt durch eine Anordnung Scheibe/Rahmen mit Details zur Gestaltung der Öffnung zum Einpressen des Klebstoffes;

Fig. 6

eine Queransicht auf eine Anordnung Scheibe/Rahmen vor der Verklebung;

Fig. 7

eine Aufsicht auf eine Anordnung Scheibe/Rahmen

a) vor der Verklebung;

b) während der Verklebung;

c) nach der Verklebung;

Fig. 8

einen Teilquerschnitt eines Flügelfensters.

Show it:

Fig. 1

a partial cross section of the arrangement of washer / sealing lip / frame before pressing in the adhesive;

Fig. 2

a partial cross section of the arrangement of the washer / sealing lip / frame after pressing in the adhesive;

Fig. 3

a partial cross section through different shapes of sealing lips;

Fig. 4

a partial cross section through different forms of window bonding;

Fig. 5

a partial cross section through an arrangement disc / frame with details of the design of the opening for pressing in the adhesive;

Fig. 6

a transverse view of an arrangement pane / frame before gluing;

Fig. 7

a supervision of an arrangement pane / frame

a) before gluing;

b) during bonding;

c) after bonding;

Fig. 8

a partial cross section of a casement window.

It is only those that are essential for the immediate understanding of the invention Elements shown. The pressing means are not shown, for example, Static mixing elements, adhesive cartridge or pump.

Way of carrying out the invention

• Kontaktieren der Scheibe 1 mit einer Dichtungslippe 2,
• Einpressen des Klebstoffes 6 durch mindestens eine Öffnung 4 im Rahmen in einen durch mindestens Dichtungslippe und Scheibe begrenzten Hohlraum 5,
• Aushärten des Klebstoffes 6.

The present invention relates to a method for gluing panes 1 to a frame 3 having sealing lips 2, comprising the steps:

• Contacting the pane 1 with a sealing lip 2,
• Pressing the adhesive 6 through at least one opening 4 in the frame into a cavity 5 delimited by at least the sealing lip and washer,
• Curing of the adhesive 6.

"Disk" is used throughout the present application flat or curved plate of glass or a substantially clear plastic understood. It can be single-layered or act multi-layer plates, especially discs with foils between the glass plates, as they are in safety glass panes Automotive engineering, for example, can be used for the windshield. Preference is given to panes made of multilayer plates, such as insulating glass panes, in particular double and multiple insulating glass panes, such as those used in windows and Door construction are common.

"Frame" is used throughout the present application Body on which the disc, possibly over parts of the Sealing lip, glued, understood. This body can be a structure or represent a partial structure of a building or a vehicle. As An example of a partial structure of a vehicle is a headlight housing called. The frame can continue to be hinges or the like Have connecting elements that open or open with respect to allow the rest of the support structure. Casement windows and doors or Folding windows are examples of this embodiment of the invention. The Basically, the frame can be constructed from any material. In the preferred embodiments, the frame is essentially made of wood or painted wood.

The window and frame are glued together Items. "Article" in the sense of the invention includes any object which has a pane glued to a frame, understood. On such items can be, for example, a car, a ship, a train, or a Represent buildings.

The gluing of the pane, and thus the position of the Sealing lip, are preferably located in the edge area of the pane. There are however, bonding that is not in the edge area is also possible. An example of such an application would be the bonding of very large ones Panels in which the pane is glued for stability reasons Cross sprouts is reinforced.

Figures 1 and 2 show schematically the arrangement of washer 1 / sealing lip 2 / frame 3 before and after application of the adhesive 6.

The sealing lips 2 are preferably made of an elastic Made of material. Preferred materials for this are rubber, EPDM or TPE. The elasticity of the sealing lips is due to the weight of the washer or the contact pressure. The shape of the Sealing lips is advantageously such that the sealing lip is through a Pressurization caused by the injected adhesive deforms and presses against the window. This is achieved in particular in that Cross-section to the pane and for gluing the at least one Sealing lip 2 through at least sealing lip 2 and washer 1 limited cavity 5 in the area of the transition between sealing lip 2 and disc 1 has a concave shape.

Some examples of the shape of such sealing lips are shown in FIG. 3 shown schematically. Combinations of these can also be used different sealing lips. It is also advantageous if the sealing lip through at least the sealing lip and washer limit outside space 7 (Fig. 3 c-f) in the area of the transition between Sealing lip and washer concave.

This causes at least the possible environmental influences exposed, outer side of the sealing lips an additional Protective function takes over, for example, rain or condensation water not between the sealing lip and glass, or in the with adhesive 6 filled cavity 5, can penetrate. It goes without saying that this preferred sealing function against external media too by means of a separately arranged sealing lip or Cover strip or other sealant 9, can be done as this is shown schematically, for example, in FIG. 3 f. Such additional Sealing agents can be in direct contact with the adhesive 6 filled Cavity 5 sealing lip or other Cavities 8 stand separately. Basically, in addition to one Bonding, which is produced by a method according to the invention was, additional adhesives and / or sealants between Frame and pane can be arranged. These can be done in a conventional manner before contacting the washer and sealing lip on the washer or be arranged in the frame, or by an externally accessible one Joint between frame and pane can be made or they can through another opening in the frame into one through another Sealing lip and washers delimited cavity 5 after contacting of the disc with the sealing lip.

It is advantageous if the sealing lips also have cavities 8 conclude in such a way that this in the area of the transition between Sealing lip and washer have a concave shape.

If in the figures adjacent to a sealing lip both 7 and is also given 8, this is to represent that either one with the Outside space 7 in contact with the environment or a closed one Cavity 8 may be present.

The sealing lip usually extends in the longitudinal direction Cross section as shown in Figures 1 to 6. It is advantageous if the front ends of the sealing lips touch or are connected to each other and thereby a self-contained ring-shaped or channel-shaped cavity 5, into which adhesive 6 is pressed, forms. FIG. 7d schematically shows one filled with adhesive 6 ring-shaped or channel-shaped cavity.

This annular cavity 5 preferably runs in the Outside of the pane around, so that the entire pane with a glued all around the adhesive layer and is therefore sealed.

Two sealing lips running parallel to one another are preferred. The sealing lips are advantageously glued to the frame or by in Grooves engaging fasteners connected. These fasteners can be connected to the sealing lip 2 or one represent an integrated part of the sealing lip. The cavity 5 for the Adhesive is absorbed by the sealing lips, washer and frame limited. However, it may be possible that the sealing lips 2 are connected to one another and essentially in cross section Form U-shaped sealing profile 10, as a special case of sealing lips 2, the base of which is connected to the frame. In this case, the cavity 5 for adhesive absorption only through the sealing lips and the washer limited, while openings for adhesive entry in the U-profile and thus connected frame are attached (shown schematically in Fig. 3g).

Figures 4 schematically show preferred arrangements of Washer / sealing lip / frame. The by at least sealing lips and Disc-limited cavity 5 for the adhesive receptacle 5 can Completely embrace the end of the pane (FIG. 4c), or on one side of the pane including the face of the pane (Fig. 4b) or only on one face of the pane (Fig. 4a). However, it is particularly the one shown in FIG. 4 a Embodiment preferred, in which this cavity 5 for the Adhesive pickup located entirely on one side of the pane.

The opening 4 can be anywhere in the frame at least through Sealing lip and washer meet limited cavity 5. The opening extends here like a channel between cavity 5 and an outside of the frame. This channel-like extension of the opening is preferred angled, especially at an angle of about 90 °.

However, it is advantageous if this opening is approximately in the middle between the sealing lips is arranged. This is especially important where the lips are far apart due to the geometry.

It has been shown to be particularly suitable if the sealing lips be drawn into milled grooves in the frame.

The disc 1 is with the Sealing lip 2 contacted. This is advantageously done by a horizontal one Place the disc on the, for example on a table, Frame. Depending on the size or weight, the disc and The elasticity of the sealing lip is already a sufficiently high contact pressure so that the sealing lip is then pressed in Adhesive sufficient without the application of further contact pressure seals. However, it is quite possible that before the Adhesive the contact pressure of the disc by applying a vacuum is increased. In addition to or instead of the vacuum, others can be used Pressure means such as clamps, clamps or hydraulic Pressure media are used. That is why the window is glued not limited to a horizontal orientation. It is also possible that Window bonding directly on a vehicle or building in an inclined position or vertical orientation. For the industrial production of However, door and window sashes are the horizontal orientation for that Gluing preferred.

In principle, any adhesive which is sufficient is suitable as adhesive 6 has good flow properties to pressurize into the cavity 5 to be able to be pressed in, and which has a pot life, on the one hand is at least so long that the adhesive covers the entire cavity 5, which is limited by washer, sealing lip and possibly Frame, which on the other hand is so short that the networking, and thus the strength build-up of the adhesive takes place as quickly as possible can. This has the consequence that the glued article as quickly as possible the gluing can be handled. It was found depending on Size of the disc and number of press openings one for industrial Gluing discs optimal pot life between 1 and 20 minutes, in particular between 1 and 10 minutes, preferably between 1 and 5 Minutes. For example, 2-component adhesives are based adhesives suitable for epoxides, polyisocyanates or (meth) acrylates. On rapid curing of the adhesives is also due to the action of heat or Light possible. Such 2-component ones have proven particularly suitable Adhesives that contain at least one (meth) acrylate and are radicalized, preferably derived from peroxides, can be cured at room temperature can. An important factor in the selection of the adhesive is the good one Adhesion to the pane, sealing lip and, if necessary, frame. Another The point of view when choosing the adhesive is its UV stability. The Adhesive is exposed to UV radiation, which passes through the window onto the Can get glued. That is why a UV-unstable adhesive either a sufficient large coverage by the frame or one Cover strip or the use of a ceramic coating necessary. at Using a UV-stable adhesive, however, can therefore, also in Absence of an overlap, a pane without a glass ceramic layer be used. So there is no gluing directly to the pane Allows presence of a coating. Because of the different Materials and their thermal and thermal expansion properties A rigid adhesive is not suitable for moisture. The adhesive must therefore also have a certain amount of elasticity to which, by Environmental influences to be able to absorb tensions.

Because it is possible with (meth) acrylates, such UV-resistant, fast To formulate elastic and well-adhering adhesives are based adhesives of acrylates and / or methacrylates preferred.

The bonding process is illustrated in FIGS. 5 to 7.

After contacting the washers with the sealing lip, a Pressing in the adhesive. Here, the adhesive is replaced by at least one intended opening in the frame in the at least by disc and Sealing lip limited cavity 5 introduced. The at least one Opening is preferably designed so that it has the outlet end 11 of a Static mixer 12 can accommodate and is sealed by this.

Commercial static mixers have a at their outlet end 11 essentially conical or stepped shape. In this case it is from Advantage if the shape of the opening in the frame through at least two concentric holes 13 different on the Static mixer adapted, diameter can be achieved. Such Openings can also be made with step drills. The Concentric stepped hole also facilitates the precise insertion of the Static mixer in the opening.

This opening can be designed after removing the Static mixer, also serve the, if necessary, from the cavity 5 absorbing leaking adhesive and thus leaking of the adhesive to prevent the outer area of the frame so that Soiling and thus generally aesthetic problems related to visible parts of the frame can be prevented.

The bores or the openings are advantageous arranged that they are not visible from the outside of the finished article or can be easily hidden. It turned out to be particularly suitable Arrange openings in the hardware groove 14 of the frame.

To ensure that the glue is free of defects and air bubbles ensure that occurs in the cavity 5, which by at least Sealing lip and frame is limited to existing air when pressed in of the adhesive advantageously from this cavity. This can be done through yet openings 4 not filled with adhesive for pressing in adhesive, or through any existing outlet openings in the frame or Sealing lips take place between minor leaks between Sealing lip and washer or, in the case of a porous frame material, such as wood, through these pores.

Commercially available manual, hydraulic or pneumatically operated pistols for 2-component cartridges or, for larger applications, 2-component pumps are shown to be suitable. It is advantageous if at least 2 openings 4 for the entry of the Adhesive are present.

It has also been shown that the following and The procedure shown schematically in FIG. 7 leads to very good results. After contacting disc 1 and sealing lip 2, the adhesive 6 first through the first opening 4, by means of a static mixer 12 and through Bores 13 sealed, pressed. Once the glue is about halfway through The static mixer is switched off removed from the first opening, connected to the next opening and through This started to press adhesive again until the adhesive so far spread that he with the previously pressed adhesive has merged and is about half the way to the next Opening has gone through. This process continues until the end of the entire cavity 5 is filled with adhesive. Under certain circumstances However, it can also be advisable to use several at the same time Press 4 openings 6 into the cavity 5.

Filling the entire cavity means that the Cavity is essentially filled, that is, it is in smaller Areas, such as at edges or corners, is quite possible, that there are voids and voids. Furthermore, it is not exclude that there are small air bubbles or missing parts in the adhesive available. If significantly fewer defects, which by Air bubbles are caused, it also means that when there are Calculating bond strengths the safety allowances are reduced can, which can lead to financial advantages for the user.

If the frame has more than one opening for pressing in the Has adhesive, air that is in through at least sealing lips and disc limited cavity is located through which is not yet glued emerge filled openings. However, it can be advantageous in that or sealing lips other outlet openings, such as fine bores, slots Columns or the like are present.

It has been shown that the optimal distance between two Openings 4 for pressing in the adhesive between 0.2 and 0.5 meters is. The speed at which the adhesive is applied should be selected so that that the adhesive fills the cavity at a constant speed.

The adhesive must not be allowed for the method according to the invention be thin, otherwise it would very easily come out of the openings 4 cavity 5 filled with adhesive emerges. However, if it is too viscous, it can no meaningful introduction of the adhesive into the cavity 5 and in particular, no aesthetically perfect bonding can be achieved. It has shown that the best results with a filled, stable Glue can be achieved. It’s also important for gluing, that the application depends on the viscosity of the adhesive used is coordinated. The parameters such as number are particularly important for this Press-in openings, distance between these inlet openings, Cross-sectional geometry of the bond, surface texture of the frame and seal, as well as the injection pressure. With the described method ensures that the entire cavity is homogeneous and with no visible air pockets or adhesive transitions with adhesive can be filled and thus an aesthetically perfect visible Bonding can be achieved.

Since the adhesive in the inventive method in at least Sealing lip and washer is introduced into the limited cavity Geometrically defined adhesive joint. Thus, the adhesive on the desired location can be attached in a targeted and visually controllable manner, and in such a way that the required amount of adhesive is used as precisely as possible becomes. Because the geometry of the bond is precisely defined by the cavity is, the strength tolerances are to be interpreted smaller, which also increases a lower adhesive consumption and yet a reliable and tight bonding leads; in contrast to the usual window bonding, where on the one hand the width of the adhesive beads varies locally can and the excess adhesive uncontrolled by pressing is ousted.

The method according to the invention has been particularly suitable shown for the manufacture of windows and doors, especially of Casement windows or wing doors. Figure 8 shows schematically a casement window represents, in which an insulating glass pane by means of adhesive 6 with a frame 3 is connected. The frame in turn is about not shown Connecting elements such as hinges connected to a support structure 15.

The procedure described allows both articles mi to produce covering and non-covering frames. Flush glazing embodiments in which the Frame are not overlapping and the adhesive is only on the inner side of the disc.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

disc

2

sealing lip

3

frame

4

Opening for pressing in the adhesive

5

Cavity bounded at least by washer 1 and sealing lip 2

6

adhesive

7

outer space

8th

further cavity

9

other sealants

10

essentially U-shaped sealing profile

11

Discharge end of a static mixer

12

static mixer

13

drilling

14

Hardware groove on the frame

15

support structure

16

spacer

17

insulating glass seal

Claims (21)

Method for gluing panes (1) to a frame (3) having sealing lips (2), comprising the steps: Contacting the disc (1) with a sealing lip (2), Pressing the adhesive (6) through at least one opening (4) in the frame into a cavity (5) delimited by at least the sealing lip and washer, Curing of the adhesive (6). A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the front ends of the sealing lip (2) touch or are connected and form a self-contained annular or channel-shaped cavity (5) into which adhesive (6) is pressed. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that two sealing lips delimit the cavity (5). Method according to claim 3, characterized in that the two sealing lips are connected to one another and constitute an essentially U-shaped sealing profile (10). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adhesive (6) is pressed into the cavity (5) through at least 2 openings (4) in the frame. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one outlet opening is additionally present in the frame (3) or sealing lip (2). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sealing lip (2) is made of an elastic material and is deformed by a pressurization caused by the pressed-in adhesive (6) and presses against the disc (1). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in cross-section to the pane and for bonding, the at least one sealing lip forms a cavity (5) delimited by at least the sealing lip and the pane in the region of the transition between the sealing lip (2) and the pane (1) has a concave shape. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that before the adhesive is pressed in, the pane is pressed on with pressing means or by applying a vacuum. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cavity (5) delimited by at least the sealing lip and washer is essentially completely filled with adhesive (6). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pot life of the adhesive is between 1 and 20 minutes, in particular between 1 and 10 minutes, preferably between 1 and 5 minutes. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adhesive contains at least one (meth) acrylate. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adhesive is filled and stable. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the frame is composed essentially of wood or lacquered wood. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pane is an insulating glass pane. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one opening (4) through which the adhesive (6) is pressed is designed such that it receives the outlet end (11) of a static mixer (12) and seals it becomes. A method according to claim 16, characterized in that the at least one opening (4) through which the adhesive is pressed in is designed such that it is produced through at least two concentric bores (13) of different diameters. Article characterized in that it is produced by a method according to any one of claims 1-16. Article according to claim 18, characterized in that the article is a window or a door, in particular a casement or a casement. Article according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the opening through which the adhesive is pressed is arranged in the fitting groove (14) of the frame. Adhesive for the production of an article according to one of claims 18-20, characterized in that the adhesive is a 2-component (meth) acrylate adhesive.

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